JP2002303690A - Hot static pressure junction method and production method for first wall structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a product at a low cost by simplifying necessary machining for finishing when applying a hot static pressure junction method, especially a method for producing a fusion reactor first wall easily at a low cost by using the hot static pressure junction method. SOLUTION: Both junction surfaces of material for contacting are contacted and the sides of the contacted junction materials 1, 22, 4 and 21 are surrounded with thin canning members 75, 76, 77 and 78 via contact prevention members 71, 72, 73 and 74. The canning members are seal-welded for sealing so that pressure medium does not invade into the junction surface. By adding static pressure via the pressure medium under a heating condition, the junction materials are diffusion-bonded and the canning members are removed to produce the product.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hot static pressure welding method, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a first wall structure of a nuclear fusion reactor using the hot static pressure welding method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The first wall of a fusion reactor blanket is the innermost wall of a vacuum vessel for confining plasma in a fusion reactor, and is made of stainless steel or a high melting point metal, and has a surface such as carbon or beryllium. It is formed by coating a substance having a small atomic number. Since the first wall is subjected to severe irradiation of helium, hydrogen, neutrons, etc. at high temperatures, effective cooling is essential. For this reason, a structure in which a copper layer having good heat transfer performance is provided between the stainless steel of the base material and the beryllium cladding on the surface and a cooling pipe is embedded in the layer is commonly used. It is preferable to provide slits in the beryllium layer and the copper layer in order to suppress an eddy current generated in the first wall by an electromagnetic field in the container.

Conventionally, a relatively long plate-like body having a large number of through-holes inside, such as a first wall, is formed by forming a through-hole in the initially formed plate-like body by machining or electrolytic processing. ,
It has been formed by mounting a large number of plate-like bodies having grooves on a flat plate and performing electron beam welding. However, these methods have problems such as the necessity of an extremely advanced processing technique, high cost, inability to obtain dimensional accuracy due to deformation due to welding, and difficulty in welding the entire contact surface.

[0004] On the other hand, the contact surfaces can be joined to each other by using a hot static pressure joining method in which a cooling pipe is sandwiched between two plate-shaped members and diffusion bonding is performed by applying pressure under heating.
According to this method, as shown in the cross section in FIG. 8, the periphery of the contact surface is sealed and welded so that the fluid transmitting the pressure does not seep into the joint surface. However, the diffusion welding is not performed near the welding line. Had to cut off the inadequate part.

[0005] As a method of solving such a problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-54688 filed by the present applicant has
A hot static pressure bonding method using canning is disclosed.
In the disclosed method, a groove for fitting a cooling pipe is formed in a plate-like member, and a member in which a plurality of cooling pipes are fitted into the groove and united is formed as shown in an exploded view of FIG. As shown in a perspective view of FIG. 10, the entire circumference is sealed and welded to cover (canning), the inside is evacuated, and the inside is evacuated, and a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) apparatus is used, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. And diffusion bonding of the contact surface. In this method, the static pressure acts on the member via a thin seal plate, and the medium does not seep into the contact portion of the member, the design is easy, the cost is low, and the dimensional accuracy is high, It is possible to manufacture the first wall having high safety against heat load, internal pressure load and electromagnetic force load.

However, according to the above disclosed invention, the sealing material used for canning is diffused and bonded to the base material and adheres to the base material. Therefore, in order to secure dimensional accuracy, the sealing material is cut and removed by machining to produce a product. There is a need. Even when the dimensional accuracy does not matter, when the base material is made of a different material, the sealing material cannot be matched with the base material. When notches or grooves are required as in the first wall, if hot static pressure bonding is performed using a material in which cuts are formed in advance, diffusion bonding will occur at the cuts and the like and the cuts will be blocked. Or deform. For this reason, a slit or the like must be formed in the material joined after processing, and there has been a problem that processing costs increase.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost product by simplifying machining required for finishing when applying a hot static pressure bonding method. To provide a way to do it. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a first wall of a fusion reactor more easily and at low cost by using a hot isostatic welding method.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, a hot static pressure bonding method according to the present invention is to bring a joining surface of materials to be joined into contact with each other and to form a joining preventing material around the joined joining material. The canning material is sealed by sealing and welding so that the pressurized medium does not enter the joint surface, and the joining materials are joined by applying a static pressure through the pressurized medium under heating. Diffusion bonding is performed, and then the canning material is peeled off to produce a product. In the present invention, since the periphery of the joining material is surrounded by the canning material via the joining preventing material, the hot static pressure joining method (HI
Even after P), the canning material and the joining material are not joined. Therefore, the canning material and the joining prevention material can be easily separated from the product surface after the application. Therefore, there is no need to perform a cutting process as in the conventional case, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

By drawing a vacuum after surrounding with the canning material, it is possible to prevent excess gas from remaining on the contact surface portion between the joining materials, thereby obtaining good joining. If a groove is required in the joining material, a groove is formed in the joining material in advance, and if a joining prevention material is inserted into the groove, the walls of the groove can be fused together by HIP. Not
The groove can be easily restored by removing the joining prevention material after the treatment. Note that the bond preventing material may be any material that does not cause bonding with the metal to be bonded and that can withstand high temperatures, and carbon and boron nitride are suitable. Further, it can be applied in the form of a thin plate, a fiber, a granule or the like. However, when used in the treatment of stainless steel or copper, cloth or cotton formed from long alumina fibers is suitable as a bond preventing material in consideration of the releasability.
In particular, when it is necessary to prepare the inside of the groove, a cloth formed of alumina long fibers is suitable as a bonding preventing material.

Further, in the method for manufacturing a first wall structure according to the present invention, a block is formed by sandwiching a stainless steel water tube between copper or a copper alloy, and a stainless steel back plate is brought into contact with the back side of the block. Then, it is surrounded and sealed with a thin stainless steel canning material via a joining prevention material, diffusion bonding is performed by applying a static pressure under heating, and the canning material is peeled to obtain an intermediate structure. The structure is characterized in that beryllium is brought into contact with the copper surface side of the structure, and the structure is again sealed with a thin canning material via a bonding preventing material, and diffusion bonding is performed by applying a static pressure under heating.

According to the method for manufacturing a first wall structure of the present invention, a first wall having a complicated structure including a number of different materials and containing a large number of cooling pipes is joined to each other to form a solid joint surface between members. It can be relatively easily formed as a united product through the intermediary, and the canning material and the joining prevention material can be easily peeled off to obtain a product. The first wall formed in this way conducts the radiant heat received from the plasma of the fusion reactor and the nuclear heat generated inside the wall to the cooling pipe with copper or copper alloy with good thermal conductivity and the outside with the refrigerant in the cooling pipe. Because it can be excreted, it has high heat resistance and a long life.

Further, it is necessary to provide a slit in the first wall in the vertical direction, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the eddy current flowing through the structure in the vacuum vessel, so as to suppress the generation of the eddy current. The slit can be formed by machining after forming the structure by the hot static pressure bonding method. According to the present invention, a slit is previously formed in a member before joining, a joining preventing material is inserted into the slit, and then canning is performed to apply a hot static pressure joining method. According to this method, the slit can be formed extremely easily by removing the joining prevention material in the slit after the hot static pressure joining method.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0014]

EXAMPLE 1 This example is a method for manufacturing a first wall using the hot static pressure bonding method of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first wall targeted in the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a vertical plane including a holder, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of a substrate portion cut along a plane perpendicular to the cut plane of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view when the upper part is cut along a horizontal plane, FIG. 5 is an exploded view for explaining a combination of members in a first step in the first wall manufacturing method of the present embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing an exploded assembly view for explaining a combination of members in the process, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of an upper end portion of the first wall.

The product to be manufactured in this embodiment is shown in FIG.
The first wall of the fusion reactor as shown in FIG. 4 has a structure in which a beryllium plate 3 is attached to the surface of a stainless steel substrate 1 with a copper-based metal layer 2 interposed therebetween as a heat conductor. I have. A cooling pipe 4 passes through the copper base metal layer 2. In the substrate 1, for example, six pairs of water supply headers 11 and water supply holes 12 connected thereto, and drainage headers 13 and drainage holes 14 connected to the water supply headers are provided vertically. The end of the water supply hole 12 opposite to the header is connected to a water supply sub-header 15, and the end of the water discharge hole 14 opposite to the header is connected to a drainage sub-header 16. The water supply subheader 15 and the drainage subheader 16 are connected by two connected cooling pipes 4 respectively. The water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13 are connected to a water supply hole 51 and a drainage hole 52 provided in the support member 5, respectively.

The first wall is provided with a slit 6 having a width of about 1 mm in the longitudinal direction in order to suppress the generation of eddy current. The slit 6 penetrates from the top to the bottom for the beryllium layer 3 and the copper metal layer 2 at a position separating the pair of the water supply hole 12 and the drain hole 14, and the portion of the water supply header 11 and the drain header 13 for the stainless steel substrate 1. Is provided. The cooling water supplied from the outside via the support member 5 is supplied from the water supply header 11 through the water supply hole 12 to the cooling pipe 4.
And absorbs the heat generated in the first wall and on the surface, and is discharged to the outside through the drain hole 14 and the drain header 13.

The manufacturing method in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing a method of assembling the members in the step of fixing the copper metal layer 2 on the stainless steel substrate 1 through the cooling pipe 4. The cooling pipe 4 is a stainless steel pipe and extends along the surface of the copper metal layer 2 and has a shape bent at the upper and lower ends toward the stainless steel substrate 1.
The copper metal layer 2 is divided into a front surface member 21 on the front surface side and an inner surface member 22 on the stainless steel substrate 1 side. The grooves for fitting and guiding the cooling pipes 4 on the opposing surfaces are arranged in parallel by the number of cooling pipes. It is provided. The stainless steel substrate 1 is a flat plate made of stainless steel, and has grooves at its upper and lower ends for fitting into the cooling pipe 4. Further, the cover member 17 is brought into contact with the upper end and the lower end of the stainless steel substrate 1. Each of the cover members 17 is provided with a groove that fits into an end of the cooling pipe 4.

After combining these members, the joining preventing members 71, 7 made of alumina fiber cloth are provided around the entire periphery thereof.
Sealing materials 75, 76, 77, 7 via 2, 73, 74
8 and surround, and the seal members are sealed together by seal welding. As the sealing material, a steel thin plate having a thickness of about 1 mm can be used. Holes 79 and 80 through which the cooling pipe 4 passes are formed in the joining prevention member 71 and the sealing member 75 applied to the back surface of the members to be joined.
Is opened, and the sealing material 75 is joined to the outer wall of the cooling pipe 4 by welding to make the portion surrounded by the sealing materials 75, 76, 77, 78 airtight. Further, an appropriate hole is provided in the joining prevention member 72 and the sealing member 76 applied to one side surface of the joining member, and the sealing member 76 is provided with a vacuum nozzle 81 connected to a vacuum pipe.

After the seal welding of each part is completed, the seal material 75, 76, 77, 78 is sucked from the vacuum nozzle 81 and sucked.
The interior space surrounded by is evacuated. After the vacuum in the internal space is confirmed, the vacuum nozzle 81 is sealed and hermetically sealed. Since the pressurized medium does not infiltrate the contact surface of the member, the static pressure acts on the member via the flexible seal material to join the joint member block, which is surrounded by the seal material obtained in this way and maintains a vacuum. Face to face. The assembled bonding member block is set in a hot static pressure bonding apparatus, and is processed by applying an argon pressure or a helium pressure of 150 MPa to 200 MPa while being heated, for example, from 1000 ° C. to 1100 ° C. Then, while the contact surfaces of the joining members are pressed against each other at a high temperature, the diffusion of the substance occurs and the two members are metallurgically joined to each other, so that an extremely strong integrated structure can be obtained.

Thereafter, the sealing member 7 is removed from the apparatus.
5, 76, 77, 78 are separated from the joining member, and the cooling pipe 4
Cuts off a portion protruding from the back surface of the stainless steel substrate 1 to form an intermediate structure. The joint preventive material interposed between the sealant and the joining member is not compatible with the joint member and the sealant, and its performance deteriorates little even when subjected to high temperature processing. It can be easily peeled off from the member. Therefore, even if the shape is not adjusted by grinding the sealing material layer fused to the structure surface as in the case of the conventional hot static pressure bonding method, the design can be made by peeling the bonding prevention material and the sealing material. Since the intermediate structure has the same shape, there is an advantage that the surface treatment process is simplified.

Next, by assembling as shown in FIG.
A beryllium layer is formed on the surface of the intermediate structure. The beryllium layer 3 is brought into contact with the entire surface of the intermediate structure 7, and the bonding preventing members 82, 83, 84, 8 made of alumina fibers are formed around the beryllium layer 3.
The seal members 86, 87, 88, and 89 are applied to and surrounded by the seal member 5, and the seal members are sealed by welding. Also,
An appropriate hole is provided in the joining prevention member 83 applied to one side surface of the intermediate structure 7, and a vacuum nozzle 90 is provided in the corresponding sealing member 87.

After the seal welding of each part is completed, the seal material 86, 87, 88, 89 is sucked from the vacuum nozzle 90 and sucked.
Is evacuated to seal the vacuum nozzle 90 to perform an airtight seal. The intermediate structure surrounding the sealing material and maintaining the vacuum is set in a hot static pressure bonding apparatus, and heated at 550 ° C. to 625 ° C., for example, with an argon pressure of 1 °.
When the treatment is performed by applying a pressure of 50 MPa to 200 MPa, a structure in which the beryllium layer 3 and the copper metal surface of the intermediate structure 7 are diffusion-bonded and firmly integrated can be obtained. The structure after the treatment is removed from the hot static pressure joining apparatus, and the joining preventing members 82, 83, 84, 85 and the sealing members 86, 87, 8
8, 89 are peeled off to obtain a first wall structure having a shape as designed.

In the first wall structure thus obtained,
Cooling channels 11, 13, 12, 14 in stainless steel substrate 1
In order to form sub-headers 15 and 16 connected to the cooling pipes 4 in the copper metal layer 2, simple machining is performed on the central portion, the upper end portion, and the lower end portion of the stainless steel substrate 1. First, holes for the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13 are penetrated from the side of the stainless steel substrate 1. This hole is later sealed by welding with plugs at both ends.

As shown in the enlarged perspective view of FIG. 7, the stainless steel substrate 1 is cut off at the upper end and the lower end thereof, leaving a partition 18 to expose the end face of the cooling pipe 4. A water supply hole 12 communicating with the provided water supply header 11 and a drainage hole 14 communicating with the drainage header 13 are formed. The notch 19 is covered with a lid 20 having a notch inside and fixed by welding, and is connected to the water supply hole 12 or the drainage hole 14 with, for example, the two cooling pipes 4 or the water supply subheader 15 or the drainage water. A sub-header 16 is formed.

At the position of the partition 18, a slit 6 of about 1 mm is formed. The slit 6 is formed at a position where it does not reach the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13 in the portion of the stainless steel substrate 1, and is formed so as to penetrate the copper metal layer 2 and the beryllium layer 3 from the upper end to the lower end. The slit 6 can be processed by, for example, a water jet. Finally, the support member 5 is fixed to the back surface of the stainless steel substrate 1 by electron beam welding, and provided so that the water supply hole 51 and the drainage hole 52 communicate with the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13, respectively.

Instead of forming the slit 6 after forming the structure by the hot static pressure bonding method, a copper metal plate and a beryllium plate cut into pieces by cutting at a slit position with a stainless steel material having a slit formed in advance. Can be combined and processed by a hot static pressure bonding method and integrated to produce the first wall. In this case, push the joining prevention material into the slit formed in the stainless steel material, or insert the joining prevention material at the slit position of the copper metal plate or beryllium plate, and then combine these members and join the entire circumference. A sealing material is applied via an intervening preventive material, and the material is surrounded by seal welding, sealed, and processed by hot static pressure bonding. in this way,
By adding the joining preventing material to the slit portion, the slit portion does not undergo diffusion bonding even when the hot static pressure joining method is applied, and the slit is easily restored by peeling the joining preventing material after the application. Therefore, the first wall can be manufactured extremely easily as compared with the case where the slit is formed by performing mechanical processing after forming the structure.

The first wall manufactured by the hot-static-pressure joining method of the present invention has a cooling pipe formed of an independent circular tube, so that stress concentration is reduced as compared with a cooling duct having a deformed cross section, and thermal load is reduced. The sound performance as a pressure-resistant boundary against internal pressure load and asymmetrical electromagnetic force load is enhanced. Further, by using a cooling pipe having a circular cross section, if a necessary cooling amount is given, only the arrangement interval and the pipe diameter may be determined, and the design is simplified. Further, since the joining member does not require a complicated work as a pre-joining process, the number of working steps is reduced as compared with the conventional method, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Further, since the cooling pipe is surrounded by copper or a copper alloy having a thermal conductivity several tens times higher than that of stainless steel, the cooling effect is increased. Even when a serious temperature peak occurs, it is possible to cool uniformly in a short time. Note that the first wall manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention has a structure in which the cooling pipe is sandwiched between the same copper metals from both sides, and thus has excellent homogeneity at the joint surface due to mutual diffusion. Therefore, even when subjected to a shear load or a bending load due to a large electromagnetic force, cracks are hardly generated at the joint interface, and the design reliability is high.

The above embodiment is an example in which the hot isostatic welding method of the present invention is applied to the manufacture of the first wall of a fusion reactor. However, the object of the present invention is not limited to the first wall, and the conventional canning method can be used. It is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to all applicable hot static pressure bonding methods using Further, although the bonding preventing material in the above embodiment is made of cotton or fabric made of alumina fiber, an appropriate material can be selected according to the material and shape of the target bonding member. Refractory ceramics such as carbon and boron nitride can also be used, and powder may be applied to the surface.

[0030]

As described above, the conventional method requires post-processing because the sealing material adheres to the product surface, but the hot static pressure bonding method of the present invention allows the sealing material to be easily peeled off. Therefore, a highly accurate product can be obtained by simple finishing. In addition, even when there is a slit portion, a highly accurate slit can be formed by assembling members that have been slit in advance and performing hot static pressure bonding. In particular, a composite structure such as the first wall of a fusion reactor can be manufactured simply and at low cost by using the hot static pressure bonding method of the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first wall which is an object of an embodiment of a hot static pressure bonding method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view when the first wall of FIG. 1 is cut along a vertical plane.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view when the first wall of FIG. 1 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the cutting plane of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view when an upper portion of a first wall in FIG. 1 is cut along a horizontal plane.

FIG. 5 is an exploded view illustrating a combination of members in a first step in the first wall manufacturing method of the present embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view illustrating a combination of members in a later step in the first wall manufacturing method of the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged perspective view of an upper end portion of a first wall manufactured in this embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a member manufactured by a conventional hot static pressure bonding method.

FIG. 9 is an exploded view illustrating an initial step in a conventional hot static pressure bonding method.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an intermediate structure in a conventional hot static pressure bonding method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 stainless steel substrate 2 copper metal layer 3 beryllium layer 4 cooling pipe 5 support member 6 slit 7 intermediate structure 11 water supply header 12 water supply hole 13 drainage header 14 drainage hole 15 water supply subheader 16 drainage subheader 17 cover member 21 surface member 22 Inner surface member 51 Water supply hole 52 Drainage hole 71,72,73,74 Join prevention material 75,76,77,78 Seal material 79,80 Cooling pipe hole 81 Vacuum nozzle 82,83,84,85 Join prevention material 86,87 , 88,89 Sealing material 90 Vacuum nozzle

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Ohara 801 Mukaiyama, Naka-cho, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Naka Research Laboratory (72) Mikio Enoeeda 801 Mukaiyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Address 1 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Naka Research Institute (72) Inventor Satoshi Kuroda 801 Mukaiyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Japan Nuclear Research Institute Naka Research Institute (72) Inventor Satoshi Sato Naka-machi Naka-machi, Ibaraki Prefecture 801 Okai Mukaiyama, Naka Research Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (72) Inventor Toshihisa Hatano 801 Okai Mukaiyama, Nakamachi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki Pref. DA01 DA07 DA12 DA17 EA01 EB00

Claims (6)

[Claims] Claims: 1. The joining surfaces of materials to be joined are brought into contact with each other,
Surrounding the perimeter of the contacted joining material with a thin canning material via a joining preventing material, sealing and welding the canning material so as to prevent the pressurized medium from entering the joining surface,
A hot static pressure bonding method characterized in that the bonding materials are diffused and bonded to each other by applying a static pressure through a pressurized medium under heating, and then the canning material is peeled off to produce a product. 2. The hot static pressure bonding method according to claim 1, wherein a portion surrounded by the canning material is evacuated after the canning material is sealed. 3. A groove is formed in the bonding material, a bonding prevention material is inserted into the groove, the hot static pressure bonding is performed, and the bonding prevention material in the groove is removed to produce a product. 3. The hot static pressure bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the hot static pressure bonding is performed. 4. The hot static pressure bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the bonding prevention material is an alumina fiber cloth. 5. A stainless steel water tube is sandwiched between copper or copper alloy to form a block, and a stainless steel back plate is brought into contact with the back side of the block. Surround and seal with canning material,
After applying static pressure under heating to perform diffusion bonding, peeling off the canning material and obtaining an intermediate structure, beryllium is further brought into contact with the copper-side surface of the intermediate structure, and a bonding prevention material is interposed. A method for producing a first wall structure of a fusion reactor, wherein the first wall structure is surrounded and sealed with a thin canning material and subjected to diffusion bonding by applying a static pressure under heating. 6. A groove is formed in the block, and after the bonding prevention material is inserted into the groove and the hot static pressure bonding method is performed, the bonding prevention material in the groove is removed. The method of manufacturing a first wall structure according to claim 5, wherein the method is performed.