JP3716681B2 - Hole processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a boring device for boring, which cuts an inner wall of a hole of a workpiece, and more particularly to a boring device capable of simultaneously cutting a plurality of machining holes arranged in series.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a dedicated machine corresponding to the shape of each workpiece has been used as a boring machine for boring a plurality of machined holes simultaneously.
For example, when a plurality of bearing holes are provided along the longitudinal direction of the camshaft as in the cylinder head, the cylinder head dedicated boring machine shown in FIG. 5 is used. The dedicated machine 100 includes a cutting machine main body 102, a table 103, and a tip bearing 104 on a bed 101, and boring a plurality of bearing holes h of a cylinder head 109 as a work arranged along a machining axis L. To do. The cutting machine main body 102 includes a main shaft 105 that can move in a feed direction X and a vertical direction Z that are horizontal directions in the drawing with respect to the bed 101, and fixes one end of a boring shaft 106 to the main shaft. The table 103 is supported on the bed 101 via a table driving device 107 and is held by the table driving device 107 so as to be movable at least in the vertical direction Z. A fixture 108 is provided on the table 103, whereby the cylinder head 109 can be fixed on the table. The tip bearing 104 is formed with a bearing hole h1 into which the tip of the boring shaft 106 can be inserted along the machining axis L.
[0003]
The boring shaft 106 has a shaft portion having a diameter smaller than that of the bearing hole h of the cylinder head 109. As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the intermediate portion of the coaxial portion faces each bearing hole h of the cylinder head 109. Cutting blades 110 project from the positions to be projected. When the cutting blade 110 is rotationally driven together with the boring shaft 106 in a state where the center line of the boring shaft 106 and the machining axis L are aligned (the state shown in FIG. 6B), each of the bearing holes h has a predetermined shape. The protruding amount e is adjusted in advance so that the machined hole can be bored.
[0004]
In such a boring machine 100 for cylinder head, the cylinder head 109 is previously placed on the table 103. At this time, as shown in FIG. The center line (center line position is indicated by Oa) is held at a position where it is held above the machining axis L (center line position is indicated by Ob) by an offset amount α. Thereafter, the boring shaft 106 is held on the machining axis L in the retracted position (the tip end position is indicated by a symbol D1), and the main shaft 105 is in the feed direction X with the cutting edge 110 facing downward. Moved in the direction of the machining axis L, the tip of the boring shaft 106 is inserted into the bearing hole h1 of the tip bearing 104 and held at the machining position D2. Thereafter, the table driving device 107 is driven, the cylinder head 109 supported by the bed 101 is lowered by the offset amount α, and the bearing holes h are held in the state shown in FIG. The common center line of each bearing hole h is matched. Thereafter, the boring shaft 106 is rotated and fed in a state where both ends are supported, and each bearing hole h is simultaneously bored. After the machining is finished, the cylinder head 109 is again raised by the offset amount α, and the main shaft 105 is turned into the cutting edge 110. The boring process of the cylinder head 109 is completed when the boring shaft 106 is removed from each bearing hole h by being moved and operated in the feed direction X in a state in which is directed downward (the state shown in FIG. 6B).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the dedicated machine 100 used for boring of the plurality of bearing portions of the cylinder head can process the plurality of processing holes h of the cylinder head at the same time with high processing accuracy. However, it is necessary to drive and control the table driving device 107. Therefore, machining control is relatively complicated. In addition, since the apparatus is created as a dedicated machine, it is relatively complicated and expensive in this respect. Although there is a hole drilling device that performs cantilever processing using a machining center, the tip end bearing cannot be used due to its structure, and when the drilled hole is drilled with a cantilever reamer, the processed holes are used sequentially as bearings. Then, the machining of the next machining hole is started, and there is a problem that the hole center position is likely to be shifted between the entrance side and the exit side of each machining hole, and the machining accuracy tends to be lowered.
An object of the present invention is to provide a hole drilling apparatus capable of performing a relatively simplified machining control while ensuring machining accuracy, and to reduce equipment costs.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention of claim 1, a bed supporting a work provided with a plurality of machining holes along a common center line, and a common center line of the work are set on the bed. A fixture that releasably fixes the workpiece on the bed so as to coincide with the machining axis to be moved, and a feed direction that is mounted on the bed and is in contact with and away from the workpiece, and a vertical direction perpendicular to the feed direction. A cutting machine body having a possible main shaft, and a boring shaft having one end attached to the main shaft and projecting cutting blades for boring each processing hole in the shaft portion penetrating each processing hole; A tip bearing that is supported on the bed so as to be movable along the machining axis and is movable between a forward position pivotally supporting the tip of the boring shaft and a retracted position separating from the boring shaft, and common to the machining axis Prior to boring with each boring shaft, the boring shaft is fed with the boring shaft offset by an amount that can prevent interference between each boring hole and the cutting edge. Then, the boring shaft is moved by the offset amount to align the machining axis with the boring shaft, and then the tip bearing is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position to move the boring axis. And control means for controlling to pivotally support the tip of the.
[0007]
Here, prior to boring with each boring axis, each boring axis whose common center line matches the machining axis is first cut in an amount that can prevent the boring axis from interfering with the boring axis against the machining axis. Feeding in an offset state and inserting the shaft part into each machining hole before machining, then moving the boring axis in the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction to align the machining axis and boring axis, The tip bearing is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position to pivotally support the boring shaft, and thereafter, the boring shaft in a double-supported state is operated to boring a plurality of machining holes. For this reason, when boring and cutting all the machining holes at the same time, it is not necessary to control the position of only the boring shaft and the tip bearing, and to switch and control the position on the workpiece side, so that the machining control is relatively simplified. Moreover, after moving only the boring shaft in the feed direction and in the direction perpendicular to the feed direction, the boring shaft is inserted into the forward and backward type tip bearing so that it can be both supported, and the boring drive can be performed on it, and the drilling of the hole is performed. The accuracy is improved and the processing accuracy equivalent to that of a dedicated machine can be secured.
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the drilling apparatus according to the first aspect, the cutting machine body is a machining center. In this case, the position of the boring axis with respect to the workpiece can be accurately controlled using numerical information corresponding to the machining center, the boring can be performed with high accuracy, and the existing machining center can be used effectively, reducing the equipment cost. I can plan.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 and 2 show a hole drilling apparatus as an embodiment of the present invention. This hole processing apparatus M is provided on a bed 1 which is a substantially rectangular mounting table, a machining center 3 as a main body of a cutting machine disposed on one side of the mounting surface 2, and disposed on the other side of the mounting surface 2. A tip bearing 4, a table 5 provided in the center and having a placement portion 501, and a control panel 6 mounted on a part of the side wall of the bed 1. Here, the machining center 3 is equipped with a control unit 17 on a cover 301 integrated with a base 9 to be described later, and the control unit 17 and the control panel 6 are connected by a signal line r so that signals can be exchanged between them. Connected.
[0010]
A feed rail 7 for guiding the machining center 3 in the feed direction X is formed on one side of the placement surface 2 of the bed 1. The machining center 3 is slidably mounted on the feed rail 7. The base 9 is equipped with a feed actuator 901, which is driven according to the feed drive output of the control unit 17, and moves the base 9 side in the feed direction X. The base 9 slidably mounted on the feed rail 7 is formed with a horizontal rail 10 extending in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the paper surface), and the column base 8 slidably mounted on the rail 10 is laterally fed. The actuator 801 is mounted, and the actuator 801 is driven according to the lateral feed drive output of the control unit 17 to move the column base 8 side in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the paper surface). A column 11 is erected from the upper surface of the column base 8, and a spindle head 13 is slidably mounted on a vertical rail 12 of the column. Spindle head 13 a longitudinal feeding actuator 130 is mounted, the actuator 130 is driven according to the longitudinal feeding drive output of the control unit 17 moves the operation of the spindle head 13 in the vertical direction Z.
[0011]
The spindle head 13 includes a spindle 131, a spindle drive unit 15 that rotationally drives the spindle 131, and an automatic chuck mechanism 16 that is mounted in the spindle 131. The control unit 17 constituting the control unit of the machining center 3 has a function of position control means A1 for switching and controlling the position of the spindle head 13 in the feed direction X, the horizontal direction (perpendicular to the paper surface), and the vertical direction Z. The position control means A1 processes numerical information corresponding to the position of the spindle head 13 in the feed direction X, the lateral direction (perpendicular to the paper surface), and the vertical direction Z, and switches the position of the spindle head 13 in accordance with the digitized position command signal. Control. In addition, the control unit 17 has a function of a spindle control means A2 that controls the driving of the spindle driving unit 15 and the automatic chuck mechanism 16. The spindle control means A2 processes numerical information corresponding to each cutting edge and its position in accordance with the boring shaft 14 and other mounting instructions (not shown) of the cutting blade, and designates the other cutting edge currently installed on the spindle 131 at a designated location. Then, the operation of receiving the newly designated boring shaft 14, the accompanying release of the automatic chuck mechanism 16, and the switching control of tightening are sequentially performed.
[0012]
The boring shaft 14 is a dedicated tool for boring a plurality of bearing holes h of a cylinder head H, which will be described later, at the same time, and the intermediate portion of the shaft portion 141 is at a position facing the bearing holes h of the cylinder head H at the same time. Cutting blades c are respectively provided. Each cutting edge c protrudes in a radial direction perpendicular to the axial center line of the shaft portion 141, and the protruding amount is adjusted in advance. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the boring shaft 14 is inserted into the bearing hole h of the bearing b of the cylinder head H, the center line of the shaft portion 141 (the center point is indicated as O2) is the bearing. The amount of protrusion matches the center line of the hole h (here, coincides with the machining axis L), that is, the inner wall of the bearing hole h can be cut to a predetermined inner diameter when driven to rotate in a centered state. It has been adjusted. The shaft portion 141 of the boring shaft 14 is sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the bearing hole h. Even when the shaft portion 141 is shifted by the offset amount u and the center point is moved to O1, the cutting edge c is directed upward. Are formed so as to avoid interference between the shaft portion 141 and the inner wall of the bearing hole h.
[0013]
The table 5 is formed with a concave placement portion 501 on which a cylinder head H as a work is placed, and a fixture 18 is attached to the end portion thereof. The cylinder head H here has a plurality of bearings b that pivotally support a camshaft (not shown) on the upper surface thereof, and each bearing b is formed with a bearing hole h in the center. The bearing hole h is subjected to a known pre-processing prior to boring. Moreover, the bearing holes h of the plurality of bearings b are formed so as to be sequentially arranged in a straight line at a predetermined interval along a common center line (not shown).
[0014]
The cylinder head H is transported to the vicinity of the mounting unit 501 by a transport unit (not shown), and is manually mounted on the mounting unit 501. When the cylinder head H is placed here, the placement portion 501 can be placed so that the common center line of the plurality of bearing holes h coincides with a preset machining axis L. The fixture 18 has an air actuator type clamp mechanism, and is controlled to be switched by the work fixing operation means A3 of the control panel 6 in a timely manner, so that the cylinder head at the time of processing is not displaced from the mounting portion 501. Can be fastened and fixed.
[0015]
The tip bearing 4 disposed on the other side of the mounting surface 2 includes a guide rail 20 fixed to the bed 1 via a support 19 and a bearing body 21 slidably mounted on the rail. And a switching drive unit 22 formed of an air actuator that is mounted on the end of the support base 19 and slides the bearing body 21 along the guide rail 20. The bearing main body 21 is formed with a pivot hole h1 that catches and supports the tip of the boring shaft 14. The bearing body 21 is formed to be movable along the guide rail 20 by a moving width d. At this time, the pivot support hole h1 can always slide in a state in which it coincides with the preset machining axis L. The switching drive unit 22 is switched and controlled in a timely manner by the bearing operating means A4 of the control panel 6. The bearing operating means A4 holds the bearing main body 21 in the retracted position Q1 where it is detached from the tip of the boring shaft 14 when not operating, and moves the bearing main body 21 to the advanced position Q2 where the tip of the boring shaft 14 is captured and pivoted when operating. Thus, the boring shaft 14 can be rotationally driven in a both-end supported state during operation.
[0016]
Next, boring processing of the bearing hole h of the cylinder head H by the hole processing apparatus M of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the hole processing explanatory diagrams of FIGS.
The machining mode of the cylinder head H is input to the control unit 17 and the control panel 6 constituting the control means of the hole machining apparatus M. As a result, the workpiece fixing operation means A3 of the control panel 6 enters the workpiece attachment process. Here, the fixture 18 is driven and held in the released state which is the initial state, and when the cylinder head H is placed on the table 5 and receives a signal from a placement detection sensor (not shown), the fixture 18 is clamped at that time. Let Moreover, the bearing operating means A4 switches and holds the bearing body 21 to the retracted position Q1.
[0017]
On the other hand, the spindle control means A2 of the control unit 17 enters the setting process of the boring shaft 14, returns the other cutting blade mounted on the spindle 131 to the designated location, receives the boring shaft 14, and the automatic chuck mechanism 16 associated therewith. Release and tightening are sequentially switched, and the boring shaft 14 is held on the machining axis L so that the tip reaches the reference position S1, which is the machining standby position.
[0018]
Next, in the hole processing apparatus M, the control unit 17 and the control panel 6 continuously perform one cutting process and a bearing setting process.
First, the position control means A1 is set so that the cutting edge c of the boring shaft 14 at the reference position S1 on the machining axis L faces upward, and the boring shaft 14 in that state is switched and held downward by an offset amount u (▲ 1 ▼ process).
Next, the boring shaft 14 is moved forward toward the machining start position S2 (see FIG. 2), and the tip of the shaft portion 141 that has passed through each bearing hole h is held at the machining start position S2 (step (2)).
[0019]
Next, the boring shaft 14 is lifted by the offset amount u, and as shown in FIG. 3, the center line of the shaft portion 141 (the center point is indicated as O2) coincides with the center line of the bearing hole h, that is, The boring shaft 14 is held in alignment with the machining axis L (step (3)).
The bearing operation means A4 of the control panel 6 that has detected this state advances the tip bearing 4 from the retreat position Q1 to the advance position Q2, and catches and supports the tip of the boring shaft 14 (step (4)).
[0020]
The position control means A1 of the control unit 17 that has detected this state advances the both-bored boring shaft 14 while rotating from the machining start position S2 to the machining end position S3, and continuously moves the inner wall of the bearing hole h having the width B. Boring is performed to process the bearing hole h to a predetermined inner diameter (step (5)).
Next, the boring shaft 14 is pulled back from the machining end position S3 to the machining start position S2 (step (6)).
The bearing operation means A4 of the control panel 6 that has detected this state moves the tip bearing 4 backward from the forward movement position Q2 to the backward movement position Q1, and then disengages from the tip of the boring shaft 14 (step 7).
[0021]
The position control means A1 of the control unit 17 that has detected this state is set in a state in which the cutting edge c of the boring shaft 14 with the open end is turned upward and the boring shaft 14 in that state is switched and held downward by the offset amount u. (Step 8).
Next, the boring shaft 14 with the cutting edge c facing upward is moved backward from the machining start position S2 toward the reference position S1, and the tip of the shaft portion 141 that has passed through each bearing hole h is held at the reference position S1 (▲ 9 ▼ process), one cutting process is completed.
Thereafter, the workpiece fixing operation means A3 of the control panel 6 enters a workpiece release process, drives the fixture 18, operates the clamp 18, and removes the processed cylinder head H from the table 5 for the next step. move on.
[0022]
In the hole drilling apparatus M in FIG. 1, when all the bearing holes h of the cylinder head H as a workpiece are simultaneously bored, the cylinder head H side is moved up and down to prevent interference between the cutting edge c and each bearing hole h. The control of switching is not performed, and only the position control on the boring shaft 14 side and the forward / backward movement control of the tip bearing 4 are required, and the machining control is relatively simplified. In addition, after moving only the boring shaft 14 in the feed direction X and the vertical direction Z, the boring shaft 14 is inserted into the forward and backward advance type tip bearing 4 to be held in both ends, and can be driven in a boring manner. Machining accuracy is improved, and machining accuracy equivalent to that of a dedicated machine can be secured. Here, in particular, the position switching control of the boring shaft 14 can be accurately numerically controlled by using the machining center 3, accurate boring can be performed, and the existing machining center can be used effectively, and the equipment cost can be reduced. Moreover, since a plurality of bearing holes are simultaneously machined using the boring shaft 14, the life of the entire tool becomes longer and the tool cost can be reduced than when bearing holes are machined one by one by reamer machining.
[0023]
Although the above-described hole drilling apparatus M uses a machining center as a cutting machine body, in some cases, the cutting machine body may be formed as another NC processing machine capable of switching the boring shaft 14 between the feed direction X and the vertical direction Z. In this case as well, the same effect as the hole drilling apparatus M in FIG. 1 can be obtained. Although the above-described hole drilling apparatus M bores the cylinder head H, which is a workpiece, it can constitute another hole drilling apparatus for boring a workpiece having a plurality of drilled holes. The same effect as the hole drilling apparatus M can be obtained.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, here, there is no need to control switching of the position of the workpiece when boring all the machining holes at the same time, and the machining control is relatively simplified. In addition, only the boring shaft is moved in the feed direction and the direction perpendicular to the feed direction, and the forward and backward type tip bearing is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position on the machining axis, so that the boring shaft is inserted and supported. Then, boring cutting can be performed, the processing accuracy of the processing hole is improved, and processing accuracy equivalent to that of a dedicated machine can be secured.
[0025]
The invention according to claim 2 can accurately control the position of the boring axis with respect to the workpiece using numerical information corresponding to the machining center, can perform boring with high accuracy, and can effectively use the existing machining center. Costs can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a hole drilling apparatus as an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for switching movement of a boring shaft and a tip bearing in the boring process of the hole machining apparatus of FIG. 1;
3 is a cross-sectional view of a bearing hole that is bored by the hole machining apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a block explanatory diagram of a boring process performed by the hole drilling apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cutaway side sectional view of a conventional hole drilling apparatus.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views when a bearing hole is machined by a conventional bore machining apparatus, where FIG. 6A shows the time when the boring shaft is offset, and FIG. 6B shows the time when the boring shaft is machined.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Bed 3 Machining center 501 Mounting part 6 Control panel 131 Main shaft 14 Boring shaft 141 Shaft part 17 Control part 18 Mounting tool c Cutting edge h Bearing hole H Cylinder head L Processing axis M Hole processing device O2 Processing hole center line Q1 Retraction position Q2 Forward position X Feed direction Z Vertical direction

Claims (2)

A bed supporting a workpiece provided with a plurality of processing holes along a common center line;
A fixture for releasably fixing the workpiece on the bed so that a common center line of the workpiece matches a machining axis set on the bed;
A cutting machine body provided with a main shaft that is mounted on the bed and is movable in the vertical direction perpendicular to the feeding direction and the feeding direction, which is a direction in contact with and away from the workpiece;
A boring shaft having one end attached to the main shaft and projecting cutting blades for boring each processing hole in a shaft portion penetrating each processing hole;
Is movably supported along the processing axis on said bed, and movable tip bearing a retracted position disengaged from the forward position and boring shaft pivotally supporting the front end portion of the boring axis,
Prior to boring a boring shaft with each boring shaft whose common center line coincides with the bobbing axis, the boring shaft can be prevented from interfering with the boring shaft with the boring shaft with each machining hole. Move in the feed direction in an offset state, then move the boring shaft by the offset amount to align the machining axis with the boring shaft, and then move the tip bearing from the retracted position to the advanced position. Control means for moving and controlling to pivotally support the tip of the boring shaft ;
A hole drilling apparatus comprising:   2. The hole drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutting machine body is a machining center.

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