JP3714438B2 - Waste treatment method and apparatus - Google Patents

Waste treatment method and apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3714438B2
JP3714438B2 JP02088597A JP2088597A JP3714438B2 JP 3714438 B2 JP3714438 B2 JP 3714438B2 JP 02088597 A JP02088597 A JP 02088597A JP 2088597 A JP2088597 A JP 2088597A JP 3714438 B2 JP3714438 B2 JP 3714438B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
furnace
waste
slag
curing
fluidized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP02088597A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH10202225A (en
Inventor
眞策 丸山
剛行 内藤
広二 桝野
広昭 佐藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ebara Corp
Original Assignee
Ebara Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebara Corp filed Critical Ebara Corp
Priority to JP02088597A priority Critical patent/JP3714438B2/en
Publication of JPH10202225A publication Critical patent/JPH10202225A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3714438B2 publication Critical patent/JP3714438B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄物の処理に係り、特に、廃棄物をガス化又はガス化燃焼して不燃物を融し、スラグ化して回収する廃棄物の処理方法と装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、廃棄物処理においては、中間処理としての焼却、最終処分としての埋立が行われている。しかしながら、増加の一途をたどる廃棄物量のため、最終処分場は払底が懸念されており、焼却の段階ではダイオキシンやSOx、NOx等の物質が生成し、環境に深刻な影響を与えつつある。
このような状況において安全な中間処理を行い最終的な廃棄物の減容化のため、ガス化又はガス化燃焼−溶融システムが提唱されている。該システムは、生成するガスのエネルギーを利用したり、完全燃焼過程を設けず生成ガスを化学合成原料に利用できる。また、発生するスラグは灰の1/3程度と減容化できる上、重金属等をスラグ内に封入し、土壌中への溶出を防止できるという優れた特性を有し、スラグ化の過程で1200〜1500℃の高温を経るため、ダイオキシン等の完全分解が可能である。また、導入空気に由来するサーマルNOxが極小化できる。更に、廃ガス処理工程等を経て環境保全上は二重三重の対策が取られている。
【0003】
一方、スラグについてもその安全性が確認されてきたので、コンクリート用骨材、路盤材、その他として建設資材を中心にその利用が検討されている。
しかしながら、通常スラグは排出後の搬送上の要求から、水砕されて数mm程度の粒状物として回収されるのが一般である。このため、粒度がまちまちであったり、針状の突起を生じたり、材料としての取扱いが良好とは言い難く、また、溶融方法によっては、スラグと重金属が混合されて排出されるため、スラグの再利用が有効に行えないという不具合があり、利用のためには別途スラグ再生工程を設ける必要があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術に鑑み、取扱いが容易で廃棄物プラントで直接有用資源化されたスラグを得ることができる廃棄物の処理方法と装置を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、廃棄物を流動床ガス化炉によりガス化してガス状物とチャーを生成する工程と、該生成したガス状物とチャーを旋回式溶融炉により高温燃焼する工程とを含む廃棄物の処理方法において、該高温燃焼する工程より生じた融物を還元雰囲気下にて養生することにより、金属とスラグとに比重差にて分離して別々に取出すこととしたものである。
また、本発明では、廃棄物をガス化する流動床ガス化炉と、該流動床ガス化炉にて生成したガス状物とチャーを高温燃焼する旋回式溶融炉と、該旋回式溶融炉で生じた融物を還元雰囲気下にて養生して金属とスラグとに比重差分離するための養生装置を備えたことを特徴とする廃棄物の処理装置としたものである。
前記処理装置において、流動床ガス化炉としては内部循環式流動床ガス化炉を用い、融炉としては自燃式旋回融炉を用いるのが好適であり、また養生装置としては、電気アーク式溶融炉、電気抵抗炉、電気加熱溶融炉、プラズマ式溶融炉又は低周波誘導炉を用いることができる。
【0006】
前記方法において、溶融物の生は、還元剤とマグネシウム化合物と必要に応じ塩基度調整化合物を含む物質を添加して行うのがよい。
前記マグネシウム化合物と必要に応じ塩基度調整化合物を含む物質は、ガス化融工程のガス化部又は融部に添加することにより、十分な混合が得られるため、より均質なスラグの生成が可能になる。
前記流動床ガス化炉において、炉底から流動媒体と共に取出された前記廃棄物中に含まれる不燃物は、流動媒体と分離して金属を分離回収することができ、また、前記還元剤としては、流動床ガス化炉の底部に運転中に蓄積される流動媒体を含んだ炭素で代用すると好都合になる。
そして、養生装置から発生するスラグの資源化の際に発生する微細スラグは、ガス化に用いる流動床ガス化炉の流動媒体として利用することができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で用いる流動床ガス化炉としては、特に内部循環式流動床ガス化炉(旋回流動床ガス化炉ともいう)を用いるのが好適であるが、この内部循環式流動床ガス化炉とは、同一反応槽内の流動層中に流動媒体の旋回流を形成させるもので、該旋回流は、流動層中に吹込まれる流動化ガスの部分的な強弱部位を設定することにより生じさせるものである。従って、単なるバブリング式流動床と異なり廃棄物の分散、破砕機能に優れ、原料及びチャーが層内に均一に分散し、しかも部分燃焼による発生熱は速やかに拡散されるため高い炉床負荷が得られる。また、流動層温度を450〜600℃の低温条件とすることにより、ガス化反応を緩慢とすることで、優れた運転操作性、安定性が得られる。更に、砂の旋回流動により、大きなサイズの不燃物も容易に排出でき、流動層温度が低く、しかも還元雰囲気であるため、鉄、銅、アルミニウム等の有用な金属を未酸化の状態で回収できる。
【0008】
次いで、ガス化反応生成物は、溶融炉に導入されるが、流動床ガス化炉では低温運転のためガス化が不完全でチャー、タール等が同伴されるため、ガス化炉で生成したチャー、タールを含むガス化反応生成物のみで、溶融炉は1350℃以上の高温燃焼が実現できる。
この時、溶融炉を旋回式溶融炉とすると、高負荷燃焼が可能となると共に、旋回流に伴う遠心力のため、ガス中に含まれるチャーは、炉壁に吹寄せられ、壁面に形成されたスラグ相中で時間をかけて燃焼される。こうして、チャーの完全燃焼が可能となるため、チャーを再燃焼するための装置等は不要となる。
また、高温燃焼によりダイオキシンは完全分解でき、高温、高圧蒸気回収により高効率発電が可能となる。
ガス化燃焼の場合、溶融炉ではガス燃焼が主体となるため、1.3程度の低空気比燃焼が達成できる。
【0009】
さらに、旋回溶融炉では、高速の旋回流のため、燃焼負荷を極限まで高められると共に、遠心力効果によりスラグを効率よく分離でき、また、重金属等の有害物はガラス状の固体に封じ込められ、灰の無害化が可能となる。
このように、旋回溶融炉は優れた機能を発揮するが、一方、滞留時間を十分長く取ることは不可能なため、生成した金属をスラグから比重差で沈降分離を行う等の運転には不利な点がある。
本発明においては、一度生成したスラグは還元雰囲気の養生装置でさらに加熱され、適切な滞留時間で保持され、養生装置より取り出される。このとき、十分な滞留時間が生じるので、重金属は単体として比重差から底部に蓄積され、該底部より取出すことができる。
【0010】
このような養生装置として適しているものに他燃式溶融炉があり、特に、電気アーク式溶融炉、電気抵抗炉、電気加熱溶融炉等を用いることができる。これらの溶融炉は灰溶融炉としては公知の炉であり、それらの炉の概略説明図を図2、図3、及び図4に示す。
図2は電気アーク式溶融炉であり、複数の電極と炉底のベースメタルとの間でアークを発生させ、その熱で灰や鉄を溶融する。ベースメタルの温度は1450〜1500℃となり、その上に供給される焼却灰やばいじんを溶かし、連続的、または間欠的にスラグとして取り出され、水砕スラグ、または空冷して徐冷スラグとされる。この間、カーボン電極は消耗するので、順次、継ぎ足される。
【0011】
図3は、電気抵抗炉で縦電極型のものであり、炉天井から3本の電極が焼却灰層を貫通して挿入され、先端は溶融スラグ層内に浸漬している。溶融スラグ層は電気の導体となり、電気抵抗熱(ジュール熱)により灰を溶融する。スラグは炉底から出さいされる。
図4は、電気加熱式溶融炉であり、天井から電熱ヒータ(カンタルスーパ)を懸垂し、輻射熱により、ばいじんを溶融する。溶融スラグは炉底から連続的に取り出され、徐冷される。
排ガスは炉出口で希釈空気により急冷され、揮散物の逆昇華による煙道への付着を防いでいる。揮散物はバグフィルタで捕集され、濃縮された重金属類の回収が考えられている。
上記図2〜4に示されるように、これらの溶融炉では、スラグ層と金属(メタル)層が比重により重層しており、分離回収できる。
また、プラズマ式溶融炉や低周波誘導炉も適用できる。
【0012】
スラグ化方法において、スラグを再利用する場合には、有害物質の溶出が問題となる。
環境庁告示第13号試験は、塩酸でpH5.8〜6.3に調整した蒸留水を溶媒として、粒径を0.5〜5mmに調整した廃棄物試料と液固比(液体mL/試量重量g;以下L/Sと表す)10で混合し、6時間振とうする。L/Sを10に設定したのは、廃棄物がその10倍量の水と接触したときに溶出する場合の有害性に対して基準を設けたものである。
一方、環境庁告示第46号試験は、土壌環境基準を測定するための試験方法であるが、近年、廃棄物由来の物質を建設資材などの2次製品に利用する場合、その適合性の判定方法として使用される。試験方法は、ふるいを用いて2mm以下に調整した試料を環境庁告示第13号試験と同じ溶媒、L/Sで6時間平行振とうする。振とう後、10分から30分静止した後、毎分約3000回転で20分間遠心分離した後の上澄み液を孔径0.45μmのメンブランフィルターでろ過してそのろ液を検液とする。
【0013】
スラグの再利用に際しては、条件のきびしい土壌基準で評価することが多い。しかし鉛に関しては高pHでは土壌基準をオーバーすることがあり、また酸性雨等、低pHの環境下でも土壌基準を完全にクリアできるという保障はない。従ってより鉛の溶出が少ないスラグ製造方法を確立する必要があった。
本発明では、スラグの養生装置を設けることにより、溶融炉で生成したスラグ中の重金属を含む金属部(Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe等)とセラミック部(SiO2 、Al2 3 等)は、十分な滞留時間の下で分離し、金属部は別途回収し、セラミック部は熟成、均質結晶化してスラグ中の有害重金属はスラグ中に封じ込める。
この重金属の分離や封じ込めの目的のために、コークス等の還元剤とマグネシウム化合物と必要に応じ塩基度調整化合物を添加剤としてスラグ中に添加するのがよい。
【0014】
マグネシウム化合物はフラックスとして用いられる。
酸化物は、酸と塩基という面から二つに分かれる。
アルカリ金属酸化物、石灰、マンガンなどは塩基性の酸化物と言われる。そしてシリカ、アルミナ、P2 5 は酸性の酸化物と言われる。
酸性と塩基性の強さを表す尺度を定義するとき、塩基の代表は石灰で、酸の代表はシリカということでCaOとシリカの比を取って塩基度という。
重金属成分はいずれも弱い塩基で、アルカリは強い塩基である。
このため、この様な便宜的な塩基度を取ると、塩基度の高い所、つまりCaOの多い所では塩基性酸化物同士はお互いに反発し合うことで飛び出しやすくなる。
【0015】
逆にシリカが多く塩基度が低い場合はスラグの中で安定する。
すなわち、一般に被溶融物の塩基度(CaO/SiO2 )が高くなれば塩基性酸化物(一価及び二価の酸化物、K2 O、Na2 O、CaO、MgO、ZnO、FeOなど)の活量は高くなるので、揮発成分の場合は相対的に飛灰への移行割合が増える。従ってカルシウム化合物を含む物質を添加し、塩基度が高くなれば、ZnやPbなどの揮発性化合物は飛灰に移る割合が多くなる。
この様に、必要に応じ、塩基度調整化合物を含む物質を添加することは有用である。
セラミック部は、養生装置を出た後、徐冷、風冷、又は水冷により、重金属の溶出のない建設資材等として再利用が可能となった。
【0016】
次に、本発明を図面を用いて具体的に説明する。
図1に、本発明のスラグ回収装置を備えたガス化溶融システムの全体構成図を示す。
図1において、1は流動床ガス化炉、2はスクリーン、3、4は分離機、5は旋回溶融炉、6は養生装置、7は廃熱ボイラ、8はバグフィルタ、9は資源化装置である。
廃棄物10は、流動床ガス化炉1に投入されて450〜600℃の流動層中で還元雰囲気下でガス化される。廃棄物中に含有される不燃物は、流動媒体と共に炉底から取り出されて、流動媒体等とスクリーン2で分離され、分離機3でCu、Al、Fe等の金属が分離される。
また、分離機4では、流動媒体と炭素とを分けるが、完全に分離の必要はなく、炭素側には流動媒体も多く含まれることになる。
一方、チャー・タールを含むガス状生成物は、飛灰と共に旋回溶融炉に導入され、新たに加えられた他焼却場から持ちこまれた飛灰11と共に空気比1:1前後で高温(約1400℃)下にガス化燃焼されて、飛灰は溶融する。
【0017】
生成した溶融スラグ12は、養生装置(電気加熱溶融炉)6で添加剤(MgO等)13を加え、十分な滞留時間(約24時間前後)の下で熟成、均質化を図り、スラグ中の有害重金属はスラグとの比重差によって沈降分離される。
流動床ガス化炉1の底部には炭素が蓄積し易くなるが、炭素と流動媒体の完全な分離は難しい。従って分離機4で分離した炭素側にも多くの流動媒体を含むことになるが、流動媒体を含んだ炭素を養生装置6に供給すれば、炭素は還元剤として働き、養生装置6に新規に還元剤を供給する必要がなくなる。
養生装置6で発生する溶融飛灰は、旋回溶融炉5で約1400℃にて加熱され、養生装置6に供給された炭素等にダイオキシン等が付着している場合でも無害化される。
【0018】
養生装置6から取り出された溶融スラグは資源化装置9で徐冷、風砕及び加工されて、建設資材等の用途に利用される。
この様な運用により、流動床ガス化炉1の流動媒体は減少していくが、これは資源化装置9で発生する微細スラグを再利用することで補うことができる。
旋回溶融炉5からの排ガス(約1400℃)は、廃熱ボイラ7とエコンマイザー(図示せず)で十分冷却し、添加剤(MgO等)を吹き込みバグフィルタ8でダストを捕集する。
表1に、同一廃棄物に対し、養生装置を設けた場合(本発明)と、設けなかった場合(比較例)とで得られた徐冷スラグの溶出試験結果を示す。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003714438
表1より、比較例でも土壌基準値はクリアできているが、本発明のシステムを採用することにより、Pbの溶出量のより低減化が可能となった。これは、環境条件の変化にも十分耐え得る数値といえる。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
上記のように、本発明によれば、溶融スラグの養生装置を設けたことにより、有害物質の溶出量をすべてにわたり基準値以下とすることができ、特に、Pbの溶出量の低減化が可能となり、環境条件の変化にも十分に耐えることができるため、建設資材等への適用性が従来以上に高まった。
同時に、排ガスの無害化、流動床ガス化炉で発生する炭素と、資源化装置で発生する微細スラグの有効利用を可能とした。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のスラグ回収装置を備えたガス化溶融システムの全体構成図。
【図2】電気アーク式溶融炉の説明図。
【図3】縦電極型電気抵抗炉の説明図。
【図4】電気加熱式溶融炉の説明図。
【符号の説明】
1:流動床ガス化炉、2:スクリーン、3、4:分離機、5:溶融炉、6:養生装置、7:廃熱ボイラ、8:バグフィルタ、9:資源化装置、10:廃棄物、11:飛灰、12:溶融スラグ、13:添加剤、14:金属、15:蒸気、16:ダスト、17:塩+低沸点重金属、18:再利用[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the processing of waste, in particular, waste noncombustible was melt by burning gasified or gasification, to processing method and apparatus of waste recovered by slag.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in waste treatment, incineration as an intermediate treatment and landfill as a final disposal are performed. However, due to the ever-increasing amount of waste, the final disposal site is concerned about bottoming out, and substances such as dioxin, SOx, NOx are generated at the stage of incineration, which is seriously affecting the environment.
In such situations, gasification or gasification combustion-melting systems have been proposed for safe intermediate treatment and final volume reduction of waste. The system can use the generated gas as a chemical synthesis raw material without using the energy of the generated gas or providing a complete combustion process. In addition, the generated slag can be reduced to about 1/3 of the ash, and it has excellent characteristics that heavy metals and the like can be enclosed in the slag to prevent elution into the soil. Due to the high temperature of ˜1500 ° C., complete decomposition of dioxins and the like is possible. Further, thermal NOx derived from the introduced air can be minimized. Furthermore, a double-triple measure is taken for environmental conservation through a waste gas treatment process and the like.
[0003]
On the other hand, since the safety of slag has also been confirmed, its use is being studied mainly for construction materials such as aggregates for concrete, roadbed materials and others.
However, the slag is usually crushed and collected as a granular material of about several millimeters from the demand on the transport after discharge. For this reason, it is difficult to say that the particle size varies, needle-like protrusions are produced, and the handling as a material is good, and depending on the melting method, slag and heavy metals are mixed and discharged, so slag There was a problem that reuse could not be performed effectively, and it was necessary to provide a separate slag regeneration process for use.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a waste processing method and apparatus capable of obtaining slag that is easy to handle and directly used as a useful resource in a waste plant.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes the steps of generating a gaseous product and char are gasified by the fluidized-bed gasification furnace waste, by pivoting soluble Toruro gaseous material and char thus generated in the processing method of the waste and the step of hot combustion, the solvent Torubutsu resulting from step of the hot combustion, by curing under a reducing atmosphere, separately separated by specific gravity difference and the metal and slag It was decided to take out.
Further, in the present invention, the fluidized-bed gasification furnace for gasifying wastes, and swivel soluble Toruro which hot combustion gaseous products and char produced in the fluidized bed gasification furnace, the pivoting melting is obtained by a processing unit of waste, comprising the soluble Torubutsu generated in the furnace and cured under a reducing atmosphere the metal and slag and a curing apparatus for separating specific gravity difference.
In the processing device, as the flow fluidized-bed gasification furnace using an internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace, the soluble Toruro is preferable to use self燃式turning soluble Toruro, also as a curing device, electric An arc melting furnace, an electric resistance furnace, an electric heating melting furnace, a plasma melting furnace, or a low frequency induction furnace can be used.
[0006]
In the above method, nourishing raw melt may be carried out by adding a substance containing changing Motozai magnesium compound and basicity-adjusting compound needed.
Material comprising the magnesium compound and the basicity-adjusting compound needed, by adding to the gasification unit or melting of the gasification melting process, since sufficient mixing is obtained, a more homogeneous slag product It becomes possible.
In the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, incombustible contained from the furnace bottom to the waste that is removed together with the fluidized medium, the metal can be a separating and collecting separately from said fluidized medium and, as the reducing agent will convenient to substitute carbon containing bed material accumulated during operation at the bottom of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace.
And the fine slag which generate | occur | produces at the time of recycling of the slag generated from a curing device can be utilized as a fluidized medium of a fluidized bed gasification furnace used for gasification.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in detail.
As the fluidized bed gasification furnace used in the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use an internal circulation type fluidized bed gasification furnace (also referred to as a swirling fluidized bed gasification furnace). Is to form a swirling flow of a fluidized medium in a fluidized bed in the same reaction tank, and the swirling flow is generated by setting a partial strength portion of fluidized gas blown into the fluidized bed. Is. Therefore, unlike a simple bubbling fluidized bed, it has excellent waste dispersion and crushing functions, the raw material and char are evenly dispersed in the bed, and the heat generated by partial combustion is quickly diffused, resulting in high hearth load. It is done. Moreover, the outstanding operation operativity and stability are obtained by making gasification reaction slow by making fluidized bed temperature into low temperature conditions of 450-600 degreeC. In addition, due to the swirling flow of sand, incombustibles of large size can be easily discharged, the fluidized bed temperature is low, and since it is a reducing atmosphere, useful metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum can be recovered in an unoxidized state. .
[0008]
Next, the gasification reaction product is introduced into the melting furnace, but in the fluidized bed gasification furnace, gasification is incomplete due to low temperature operation, and char, tar, etc. are accompanied. The melting furnace can realize high-temperature combustion at 1350 ° C. or higher only with a gasification reaction product containing tar.
At this time, when the melting furnace is a swirl type melting furnace, high-load combustion is possible, and due to the centrifugal force associated with the swirling flow, the char contained in the gas is blown to the furnace wall and formed on the wall surface. Burned over time in the slag phase. In this way, complete combustion of the char becomes possible, so that an apparatus for re-combusting the char becomes unnecessary.
Moreover, dioxins can be completely decomposed by high-temperature combustion, and high-efficiency power generation can be achieved by high-temperature and high-pressure steam recovery.
In the case of gasification combustion, gas combustion is the main component in the melting furnace, so low air ratio combustion of about 1.3 can be achieved.
[0009]
Furthermore, in the swirling melting furnace, the combustion load can be increased to the limit due to the high-speed swirling flow, and slag can be efficiently separated by the centrifugal force effect, and harmful substances such as heavy metals are confined in a glassy solid, Ashes can be rendered harmless.
As described above, the swirling melting furnace exhibits an excellent function, but on the other hand, since it is impossible to take a long residence time, it is disadvantageous for an operation such as sedimentation separation of the produced metal from the slag with a specific gravity difference. There is a point.
In the present invention, once generated slag is further heated by a curing apparatus in a reducing atmosphere, held for an appropriate residence time, and taken out from the curing apparatus. At this time, a sufficient residence time is generated, so that the heavy metal as a single substance is accumulated at the bottom from the specific gravity difference and can be taken out from the bottom.
[0010]
There is another combustion type melting furnace suitable as such a curing device, and in particular, an electric arc type melting furnace, an electric resistance furnace, an electric heating melting furnace or the like can be used. These melting furnaces are known as ash melting furnaces, and schematic explanatory diagrams of these furnaces are shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG.
FIG. 2 shows an electric arc melting furnace in which an arc is generated between a plurality of electrodes and a base metal at the furnace bottom, and ash and iron are melted by the heat. The temperature of the base metal is 1450-1500 ° C., and the incinerated ash and dust supplied on it are melted and taken out as slag continuously or intermittently, and then granulated slag or air cooled to be gradually cooled slag . During this time, the carbon electrodes are consumed and are successively added.
[0011]
FIG. 3 shows an electric resistance furnace of a vertical electrode type, in which three electrodes are inserted through the incineration ash layer from the furnace ceiling, and the tip is immersed in the molten slag layer. The molten slag layer becomes an electric conductor and melts ash by electric resistance heat (Joule heat). Slag is discharged from the furnace bottom.
FIG. 4 shows an electric heating type melting furnace in which an electric heater (kanthal super) is suspended from the ceiling, and dust is melted by radiant heat. Molten slag is continuously removed from the furnace bottom and gradually cooled.
Exhaust gas is rapidly cooled by dilution air at the furnace outlet, preventing volatilization from adhering to the flue due to reverse sublimation. Volatile matter is collected by a bag filter, and recovery of concentrated heavy metals is considered.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, in these melting furnaces, the slag layer and the metal (metal) layer are layered by specific gravity and can be separated and recovered.
A plasma melting furnace or a low frequency induction furnace can also be applied.
[0012]
In the slag conversion method, when slag is reused, the elution of harmful substances becomes a problem.
The Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test was conducted by using distilled water adjusted to pH 5.8 to 6.3 with hydrochloric acid as a solvent and a waste sample adjusted to a particle size of 0.5 to 5 mm and a liquid-solid ratio (liquid mL / test). Weight weight g; hereinafter referred to as L / S) 10) and shake for 6 hours. The L / S is set to 10 in order to set a standard for harmfulness when the waste is eluted when it comes into contact with 10 times the amount of water.
On the other hand, the Environment Agency Notification No. 46 test is a test method for measuring soil environmental standards. In recent years, when using waste-derived substances in secondary products such as construction materials, the suitability is determined. Used as a method. In the test method, a sample adjusted to 2 mm or less using a sieve is subjected to parallel shaking for 6 hours in the same solvent and L / S as in the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test. After shaking, the sample is allowed to stand for 10 to 30 minutes, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at about 3000 rpm, and the supernatant is filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 μm, and the filtrate is used as a test solution.
[0013]
When slag is reused, it is often evaluated using strict soil standards. However, with respect to lead, the soil standard may be exceeded at high pH, and there is no guarantee that the soil standard can be completely cleared even in a low pH environment such as acid rain. Therefore, it was necessary to establish a slag manufacturing method with less lead elution.
In the present invention, by providing a slag curing device, a metal part (Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, etc.) containing a heavy metal in a slag produced in a melting furnace and a ceramic part (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 etc.) are The slag is separated under sufficient residence time, the metal part is recovered separately, the ceramic part is aged and homogeneously crystallized, and harmful heavy metals in the slag are contained in the slag.
For the purpose of separation and containment of heavy metals, it is preferable to add a reducing agent such as coke, a magnesium compound, and, if necessary, a basicity adjusting compound as additives to the slag.
[0014]
Magnesium compounds are used as flux.
Oxides are divided into two parts in terms of acids and bases.
Alkali metal oxides, lime, manganese, etc. are said to be basic oxides. Silica, alumina, and P 2 O 5 are said to be acidic oxides.
When defining a scale representing the strength of acidity and basicity, the representative of the base is lime, the representative of the acid is silica, and the ratio of CaO to silica is taken to be basicity.
Both heavy metal components are weak bases, and alkali is a strong base.
For this reason, when such basicity is taken for convenience, the basic oxides repel each other at a place with a high basicity, that is, a place where there is a lot of CaO, so that it is easy to jump out.
[0015]
Conversely, when there is a lot of silica and the basicity is low, it is stable in the slag.
That is, generally, if the basicity (CaO / SiO 2 ) of the material to be melted increases, basic oxides (monovalent and divalent oxides, K 2 O, Na 2 O, CaO, MgO, ZnO, FeO, etc.) Since the activity of the volatile components increases, the proportion of migration to fly ash increases relatively in the case of volatile components. Therefore, if a substance containing a calcium compound is added and the basicity is increased, the ratio of volatile compounds such as Zn and Pb to fly ash increases.
Thus, it is useful to add a substance containing a basicity adjusting compound as necessary.
After leaving the curing device, the ceramic part can be reused as a construction material without elution of heavy metals by slow cooling, air cooling, or water cooling.
[0016]
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, the whole block diagram of the gasification melting system provided with the slag collection | recovery apparatus of this invention is shown.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a fluidized bed gasification furnace, 2 is a screen, 3 and 4 are separators, 5 is a rotary melting furnace, 6 is a curing device, 7 is a waste heat boiler, 8 is a bag filter, and 9 is a resource recycling device. It is.
The waste 10 is put into the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 and gasified in a fluidized bed at 450 to 600 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere. The incombustible material contained in the waste is taken out from the furnace bottom together with the fluid medium, separated from the fluid medium and the like by the screen 2, and the separator 3 separates metals such as Cu, Al, and Fe.
Further, in the separator 4, the fluid medium and carbon are separated, but it is not necessary to completely separate them, and a lot of fluid medium is contained on the carbon side.
On the other hand, the gaseous product containing char tar is introduced into the swirl melting furnace together with the fly ash, and at a high temperature (about 1400) with an air ratio of around 1: 1 together with the newly added fly ash 11 from another incinerator. The fly ash is melted by gasification and combustion.
[0017]
The produced molten slag 12 is added with an additive (MgO, etc.) 13 in a curing device (electric heating melting furnace) 6 and aged and homogenized under a sufficient residence time (about 24 hours). Hazardous heavy metals are separated by sedimentation due to the difference in specific gravity with slag.
Although carbon tends to accumulate at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier 1, it is difficult to completely separate the carbon and the fluidized medium. Accordingly, the carbon side separated by the separator 4 also contains a large amount of fluid medium. However, if carbon containing the fluid medium is supplied to the curing device 6, the carbon acts as a reducing agent and is newly added to the curing device 6. There is no need to supply a reducing agent.
The molten fly ash generated in the curing device 6 is heated at about 1400 ° C. in the swirling melting furnace 5, and is rendered harmless even when dioxin or the like adheres to carbon or the like supplied to the curing device 6.
[0018]
The molten slag taken out from the curing device 6 is slowly cooled, crushed and processed by the resource recycling device 9 and used for construction materials and the like.
By such operation, the fluidized medium in the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 decreases, but this can be compensated by reusing the fine slag generated in the resource recycling apparatus 9.
The exhaust gas (about 1400 ° C.) from the swirling melting furnace 5 is sufficiently cooled by a waste heat boiler 7 and an economizer (not shown), and an additive (MgO or the like) is blown in to collect dust with a bag filter 8.
Table 1 shows the elution test results of slow-cooled slag obtained with and without a curing device (invention) for the same waste (comparative example).
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003714438
From Table 1, the soil reference value can be cleared even in the comparative example, but by adopting the system of the present invention, the elution amount of Pb can be further reduced. This is a numerical value that can sufficiently withstand changes in environmental conditions.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by providing a curing device for molten slag, it is possible to reduce the amount of toxic substances eluted below the reference value, and in particular, to reduce the amount of Pb leached. Thus, it can sufficiently withstand changes in environmental conditions, so its applicability to construction materials has increased more than before.
At the same time, it has made it possible to detoxify the exhaust gas and to effectively use the carbon generated in the fluidized bed gasifier and the fine slag generated in the recycling equipment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a gasification and melting system including a slag recovery device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an electric arc melting furnace.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a vertical electrode type electric resistance furnace.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of an electric heating type melting furnace.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Fluidized bed gasifier, 2: Screen, 3, 4: Separator, 5: Melting furnace, 6: Curing device, 7: Waste heat boiler, 8: Bag filter, 9: Recycling device, 10: Waste 11: Fly ash, 12: Molten slag, 13: Additive, 14: Metal, 15: Steam, 16: Dust, 17: Salt + low boiling point heavy metal, 18: Reuse

Claims (6)

廃棄物を流動床ガス化炉によりガス化してガス状物とチャーを生成する工程と、該生成したガス状物とチャーを旋回式溶融炉により高温燃焼する工程とを含む廃棄物の処理方法において、該高温燃焼する工程より生じた融物を還元雰囲気下にて養生することにより、金属とスラグとに比重差にて分離して別々に取出すことを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法。A step of waste is gasified by the fluidized-bed gasification furnace to produce a gaseous product and char, waste disposal method comprising a step of hot combustion by pivoting soluble Toruro gaseous material and char thus generated in the soluble Torubutsu resulting from step of the hot combustion, by curing under a reducing atmosphere, treating method of waste, characterized in that retrieving separately were separated by specific gravity difference and the metal and slag . 前記溶融物の養生は、塩基度調整化合物を添加して行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の廃棄物の処理方法。The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the curing of the melt is performed by adding a basicity adjusting compound. 前記溶融物の養生は、還元剤とマグネシウム化合物を含む物質を添加して行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の廃棄物の処理方法。The waste treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein curing of the melt is performed by adding a substance containing a reducing agent and a magnesium compound. 前記流動床ガス化炉において、炉底から流動媒体と共に取出された前記廃棄物中に含まれる不燃物は、該流動体と分離して金属を分離回収することを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の廃棄物の処理方法。The non-combustible material contained in the waste taken out together with the fluid medium from the furnace bottom in the fluidized bed gasification furnace is separated from the fluid to separate and recover the metal. Or the waste disposal method of 3. 廃棄物をガス化する流動床ガス化炉と、該流動床ガス化炉にて生成したガス状物とチャーを高温燃焼する旋回式溶融炉と、該旋回式溶融炉で生じた融物を還元雰囲気下にて養生して金属とスラグとに比重差分離するための養生装置を備えたことを特徴とする廃棄物の処理装置。And fluidized-bed gasification furnace for gasifying wastes, and swivel soluble Toruro which hot combustion gaseous products and char produced in the fluidized bed gasification furnace, melting caused by the swirl melting furnace processor of waste characterized by comprising by curing an object under a reducing atmosphere the metal and slag and a curing apparatus for separating specific gravity difference. 前記養生装置は、電気アーク式溶融炉、電気抵抗炉、電気加熱溶融炉、プラズマ式溶融炉又は低周波誘導炉であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の廃棄物の処理装置。6. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the curing device is an electric arc melting furnace, an electric resistance furnace, an electric heating melting furnace, a plasma melting furnace, or a low frequency induction furnace.
JP02088597A 1997-01-21 1997-01-21 Waste treatment method and apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3714438B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP02088597A JP3714438B2 (en) 1997-01-21 1997-01-21 Waste treatment method and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP02088597A JP3714438B2 (en) 1997-01-21 1997-01-21 Waste treatment method and apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10202225A JPH10202225A (en) 1998-08-04
JP3714438B2 true JP3714438B2 (en) 2005-11-09

Family

ID=12039670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP02088597A Expired - Fee Related JP3714438B2 (en) 1997-01-21 1997-01-21 Waste treatment method and apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3714438B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5050947B2 (en) * 2008-03-19 2012-10-17 Jfeエンジニアリング株式会社 Waste disposal method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10202225A (en) 1998-08-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPH03501768A (en) Method and apparatus for processing slag or other incineration residue from garbage incineration equipment
EP0653252B1 (en) Process and system for the remediation of soil containing waste material
CA2062637A1 (en) Method and apparatus for recovering useful products from waste streams
JP3714438B2 (en) Waste treatment method and apparatus
JP3203335B2 (en) Detoxification method of ash from refuse incinerator
JP4351352B2 (en) Method for recovering nonferrous metal resources in waste
JPH10230239A (en) Slag recovering device of waste and slagging method
JPH10337555A (en) Apparatus for collecting slug of waste and method for slagging waste
JP3546108B2 (en) Exhaust gas treatment method and apparatus in ash melting furnace
EP0731897B1 (en) Method for burning of municipal wastes and the use of the ash produced in the burning
JP2005195228A (en) Waste material melting treatment system
JPS6096823A (en) Disposal of burning unsuitable refuse
JP2003106506A (en) Method for recycling organic waste, and melting and fractionating device
JP4020511B2 (en) Waste incineration residue treatment method
JP3021012B2 (en) Fly ash treatment method of refuse incinerator
JP2004263952A (en) Heat recovering method and device from exhaust gas
JP4631227B2 (en) Waste ash treatment method for waste carbonization equipment
JP3849961B2 (en) Thermal decomposition melting treatment method of waste
JP3957232B2 (en) Pretreatment equipment for reusing municipal waste incineration ash
JP3579283B2 (en) Equipment and method for recovering phosphorus from waste
JP3917775B2 (en) Recycling method of incineration ash
JP3627951B2 (en) Aggregation of waste molten slag
JP3866832B2 (en) Method for treating fly ash in exhaust gas in waste treatment equipment
JPS6179907A (en) Waste material processing method
JPS6038079A (en) Method and equipment for high temperature melting treatment of waste material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20040617

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20040622

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20040802

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20050817

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20050817

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090902

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100902

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110902

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120902

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130902

Year of fee payment: 8

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees