JP3710843B2 - Coating method - Google Patents

Coating method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3710843B2
JP3710843B2 JP11874395A JP11874395A JP3710843B2 JP 3710843 B2 JP3710843 B2 JP 3710843B2 JP 11874395 A JP11874395 A JP 11874395A JP 11874395 A JP11874395 A JP 11874395A JP 3710843 B2 JP3710843 B2 JP 3710843B2
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Prior art keywords
coating
paint
cured
weight
parts
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JPH08309281A (en
Inventor
茂 中村
成人 植野
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Priority to JP9603278A priority Critical patent/JPS5522374A/en
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Priority to JP11874395A priority patent/JP3710843B2/en
Priority to US09/297,765 priority patent/US6238748B1/en
Publication of JPH08309281A publication Critical patent/JPH08309281A/en
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、下塗塗料(A)、中塗塗料(B)および上塗塗料(C)を塗装して複層塗膜を形成する方法に関し、特定の顔料組成の中塗塗料(B)を使用して、塗膜性能を低下させずに該中塗塗膜の膜厚を薄くする新規な塗膜形成方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
下塗塗料(電着塗料など)、中塗塗料および上塗塗料を塗装して複層塗膜を形成することは公知である。しかしながら、中塗塗料についてみると、下層を隠蔽し、かつ塗膜性能を維持するためには通常30μ以上(硬化塗膜として)の厚膜に塗装する必要がある。そこで、隠蔽性や塗膜性能を低下させることなしに、中塗塗膜を薄くして、全体の塗膜コストを下げることが要望されている。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等はこれらの課題を解決するために鋭意研究の結果、上記の塗装工程において、中塗塗料として、微細アルミニウム粉末および酸化チタン顔料の両成分を併用すると隠蔽性が改良され、さらに耐チッピング性も改良できることを見出だし、本発明を完成した。
【0004】
すなわち、本発明は、下塗塗料(A)を塗装し、該下塗塗料(A)の硬化または未硬化の塗面上に中塗塗料(B)を塗装し、該中塗塗料(B)の硬化または未硬化の塗面上に上塗塗料(C)を塗装する工程において、該下塗塗料(A)として、カチオン型電着塗料を使用し、該中塗塗料(B)として、熱硬化性樹脂組成物100重量部あたり、平均粒径3μm以上10μm未満の微細アルミニウム粉末を0.1〜30重量部、酸化チタン顔料を1〜200重量部配合してなり、塗膜隠蔽力が25μ以下である液状熱硬化性塗料を使用し、該上塗塗料(C)として、着色塗料又はメタリック塗料を使用することを特徴とする塗膜形成方法(但し、該上塗塗料(C)として、酸化チタンで被覆されたりん片状雲母粉末を配合してなるホワイトパール調またはシルバーパール調のベースコートを使用する場合を除く)に関する。
【0005】
以下に本発明の塗膜形成方法についてさらに具体的に説明する。
【0006】
下塗塗料(A):
被塗物に直接塗装するもので、防食性および付着性などを向上させる。下塗塗料(A)としてはそれ自体既知のものが使用できるが、例えば、カチオン型電着塗料があげられる。
【0007】
カチオン型電着塗料は、自動車車体などの金属製品の下塗塗料(プライマ−)として広く使用されており、カチオン性高分子化合物の塩の水溶液もしくは水分散液に、必要に応じて架橋剤、顔料および各種添加剤を配合してなるもので、本発明ではそれ自体公知のものが使用できる。例えば、カチオン性高分子化合物としては、アクリル樹脂またはエポキシ樹脂をアミノ化合物などで変性してなるカチオン性基を導入したものがあげられ、これを有機酸や無機酸などで中和することによって水溶液もしくは水分散液にできる。また、架橋剤としてブロックポリイソシアネ−ト化合物や脂環式エポキシ樹脂などが好適に使用できる。
【0008】
本発明の方法では、例えば、かかるカチオン電着塗料浴中に金属性被塗物を陰極として浸漬し、陽極との間に通電して電着塗装せしめる。その膜厚は硬化塗膜に基いて10〜30μの範囲が好ましく、それを140〜200℃で加熱し架橋硬化させることが好ましい。
【0009】
中塗塗料(B):下塗塗料(A)の硬化または未硬化の塗面に塗装するもので、熱硬化性樹脂組成物100重量部あたり、平均粒径10μ未満の微細アルミニウム粉末を0.1〜30重量部、酸化チタン顔料を1〜200重量部配合してなり、塗膜隠蔽力が25μ以下である液状熱硬化性塗料である。
【0010】
該塗料(B)において、微細アルミニウム粉末と酸化チタン顔料とを併用することによって隠蔽力が向上し、硬化塗膜で25μ以下、特に10〜25μの薄厚でも十分に素地(下塗塗面)を隠蔽することが可能である。しかも、この塗料(B)の未硬化塗面に、上塗塗料(C)を塗装しても両塗膜が混層することは全くない。また、アルミニウム粉末の粒径が微細であるために、該中塗塗料(B)の塗膜はキラキラとした光輝性メタリック塗膜にはならない。
【0011】
中塗塗料(B)の熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、例えば、水酸基、エポキシ基、イソシアネ−ト基、カルボキシル基のような架橋性官能基を1分子中に2個以上有するアクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂およびアルキド樹脂などの基体樹脂と、メラミン樹脂および尿素樹脂などのアミノ樹脂、ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物(ブロック体も含む)、カルボキシル基含有化合物などのような架橋剤とからなる組成物が好ましい。
【0012】
該塗料(B)で使用する微細アルミニウム粉末は平均粒径10μ未満、好ましくは3〜7μの微細粉末であって、平均粒径が10μ以上になると塗膜の隠蔽性が低下するので好ましくない。ここで「平均粒径」とはレ−ザ−回折散乱法(LA−500)によるメジアン径のことである(以下同様)。該微細アルミニウム粉末の成分は金属アルミニウムが好ましく、その表面はシランカップリング剤などで処理されていても差支えない。
【0013】
また、酸化チタン顔料は塗料用顔料として公知ものが使用でき、その平均粒径は5μ以下が好ましい。また該酸化チタン顔料もその表面をアルミナやシリカなどで処理されたものも使用できる。
【0014】
微細アルミニウム粉末および酸化チタン顔料の配合量は、熱硬化性樹脂組成物100重量部(固形分)あたり、微細アルミニウム粉末は0.1〜30重量部、好ましくは1〜7重量部、酸化チタン顔料は1〜200重量部、好ましくは80〜120重量部である。そして、酸化チタン顔料100重量部あたり、微細アルミニウム粉末は1〜15重量部、好ましくは2〜7重量部である。
【0015】
中塗塗料(B)では微細アルミニウム粉末および酸化チタン顔料の両者を併用することが必須であって、該両顔料の合計配合量は、該中塗塗料(B)の塗膜の隠蔽力が25μ以下(硬化塗膜として)になる程度である。
【0016】
隠蔽力とはその素地の色を認識し得なくなる最小膜厚のことであり、具体的には、黒白板上に塗装した塗膜を通して肉眼で黒白の判別が不可能になる最小膜厚のことである。微細アルミニウム粉末および酸化チタン顔料を併用することで、隠蔽力を25μ以下という薄膜にすることが可能になった。この両者のいずれを欠いてもかかる薄膜の隠蔽力は得られない。
【0017】
中塗塗料(B)は上記成分を有機溶剤および(または)水などの溶剤に混合し分散せしめることによって得られ、必要に応じて、上記微細アルミニウム粉末および酸化チタン顔料以外の着色顔料、体質顔料、沈降防止剤などを適宜配合することができる。中塗塗料(B)は、下塗塗面に、静電塗装、エア−スプレ−およびエア−レススプレ−などで、硬化塗膜に基いてその隠蔽膜厚25μ以下、特に10〜25μの膜厚で塗装することが好ましい。
【0018】
本発明では、該中塗塗料(B)の塗膜を架橋硬化せずに、該塗膜を室温でまたは加熱(100℃以下が好ましい)して乾燥させてから上塗塗料(C)を塗装することが好ましい。
【0019】
上塗塗料(C):中塗塗料(B)の硬化または未硬化の塗面に塗装するもので、着色顔料が配合された着色塗料(ソリッドカラ−)(C−1)およびメタリック顔料が配合されたメタリック塗料(C−2)が包含される。これらはいずれも熱硬化性であることが好ましい。
【0020】
まず、着色塗料(C−1)は、熱硬化性樹脂組成物および着色顔料を主成分とする液状熱硬化性塗料であって、原則としてメタリック顔料は配合されていない。
【0021】
着色塗料(C−1)の熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、例えば、水酸基、エポキシ基、イソシアネ−ト基、カルボキシル基のような架橋性官能基を1分子中に2個以上有するアクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂およびアルキド樹脂などの基体樹脂と、メラミン樹脂および尿素樹脂などのアミノ樹脂、ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物(ブロック体も含む)、カルボキシル基含有化合物などのような架橋剤とからなる組成物が好ましい。
【0022】
該塗料(C−1)で使用する着色顔料は、本発明の複層塗膜の外観的色調を付与するためのものであり、通常の塗料用の有機もしくは無機系着色顔料があげられ、その平均粒径は5μ以下が好ましい。該塗料(C−1)は上記成分を有機溶剤および(または)水などの溶剤に混合し分散せしめることによって得られ、必要に応じて、体質顔料、メタリック顔料、沈降防止剤などを適宜配合することができる。該塗料(C−1)は、中塗塗面に、静電塗装、エア−スプレ−およびエア−レススプレ−などで、硬化塗膜に基いて15〜60μ、特に20〜35μの膜厚で塗装することが好ましい。
【0023】
つぎに、メタリック塗料(C−2)は、中塗塗料(B)の硬化または未硬化の塗面に塗装するもので、熱硬化性樹脂組成物100重量部あたり、平均粒径10μ以上のメタリック顔料を0.1〜20重量部配合してなり、架橋硬化塗膜の隠蔽力が50μ以上である液状塗料組成物である。
【0024】
該塗料(C−2)の塗膜は前記より大粒径のメタリック顔料を含んでいるために、キラキラとした光輝感や光干渉模様を呈する。
【0025】
上記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、例えば、水酸基、エポキシ基、イソシアネ−ト基、カルボキシル基のような架橋性官能基を1分子中に2個以上有するアクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂およびアルキド樹脂などの基体樹脂と、メラミン樹脂および尿素樹脂などのアミノ樹脂、ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物(ブロック体も含む)、カルボキシル基含有化合物などのような架橋剤とからなる組成物が好ましい。メタリック塗料(C−2)で使用するメタリック顔料は、光干渉作用またはキラキラとした光輝感を有するりん片状粒子顔料であって、例えばアルミニウム、雲母、金属酸化物で被覆した雲母、雲母状酸化鉄、金属酸化物で被覆した雲母状酸化鉄などがあげられる。該メタリック顔料の平均粒径は10μ以上、好ましくは10〜50μ、さらに好ましくは15〜40μの範囲であって、10μより小さくなるとメタリック感などが低下するので好ましくない。このメタリック顔料の配合量は熱硬化性樹脂組成物100重量部あたり0.1〜20重量部、好ましくは3〜10重量部であって、この範囲を逸脱すると膜厚によって色変動が大きくなり均一な色相が得られなくなり本発明の目的は達成できない。
【0026】
メタリック塗料(C−2)は上記した成分を配合してなり、これらを有機溶剤および(または)水などの溶剤に混合し分散せしめることによって得られる。
【0027】
メタリック塗料(C−2)は、硬化または末硬化の中塗塗料(B)塗膜面に、静電塗装、エア−スプレ−およびエア−レススプレ−などにより10〜60μの膜厚(硬化塗膜として)になるように塗装することが好ましい。末硬化の中塗塗料(B)塗膜面に塗装しても両塗膜が混層することはない。
【0028】
本発明の方法は、まず上記下塗塗料(A)を被塗物面に塗装し、ついで該塗面に中塗塗料(B)および上塗塗料(C)を順次塗装することによって行われる。すなわち、下塗塗料(A)(例えばカチオン電着塗料)を硬化塗膜に基いて10〜30μの膜厚に塗装し、140〜200℃で加熱硬化させてから(未硬化でも可能)、該下塗塗面に中塗塗料(B)を静電塗装、エア−スプレ−およびエア−レススプレ−などで、硬化塗膜に基いて25μ以下、好ましくは10〜25μの膜厚で塗装し、この塗膜を加熱硬化せずに(または120〜180℃で加熱硬化させてから)、該中塗塗膜面に上塗塗料(C)を静電塗装、エア−スプレ−およびエア−レススプレ−などにより10〜60μの膜厚(硬化塗膜として)になるように塗装し、120〜180℃で加熱硬化させる。つまり、上記塗料(A)、(B)および(C)の3種類の塗料は、3コ−ト1ベイク方式、3コ−ト2ベイク方式、3コ−ト3ベイク方式で行うことができる。
【0029】
本発明では、さらに上記上塗塗料(C)の塗膜面にクリヤ−塗料(D)を必要に応じて塗装できる。
【0030】
クリヤ−塗料(D):
これは、未硬化または硬化せしめた上塗塗料(C)の塗面に塗装するもので、熱硬化性樹脂組成物と溶剤とを混合してなる液状組成物であって、透明塗膜を形成する。該熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、例えば、水酸基、エポキシ基、イソシアネ−ト基、カルボキシル基のような架橋性官能基を1分子中に2個以上有するアクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂およびアルキド樹脂などの基体樹脂と、メラミン樹脂および尿素樹脂などのアミノ樹脂、ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物(ブロック体も含む)、カルボキシル基含有化合物などのような架橋剤とからなる組成物が好ましい。溶剤としては有機溶剤および(または)水が使用でき、これに該熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶解もしくは分散せしめることによって調製される。該クリヤ−塗料(D)には必要に応じて透明性を阻害しない程度に着色顔料や上記メタリック顔料、紫外線吸収剤などを配合することができる。
【0031】
クリヤ−塗料(D)は上記した成分を配合してなり、これらを有機溶剤および(または)水などの溶剤に混合し分散せしめることによって得られる。該クリヤ−塗料(D)は、上塗塗料(D)塗膜面に、静電塗装、エア−スプレ−およびエア−レススプレ−などを使用して10〜60μの膜厚(硬化塗膜として)になるように塗装し、120〜180℃で加熱硬化させる。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
1.中塗塗膜の膜厚を従来(30μ以上)より薄く(25μ以下、好ましくは10〜25μ)することができたので、複層塗膜全体でコストを下げることができた。
【0033】
2.未硬化の中塗塗膜面に上塗塗料を塗装しても両層が混じり合うことはない。
【0034】
3.中塗塗料を薄膜で塗装しても隠蔽性がすぐれているので、上塗塗膜の色安定性が良好で、色設計も目的に応じて任意に選択できる。
【0035】
4.耐チッピング性が向上した。
【0036】
【実施例】
以下に本発明に関する実施例および比較例について説明する。
【0037】
I.試 料
(1)カチオン電着塗料(A)
「エレクロン9400HB」(関西ペイント(株)製、商品名、エポキシ樹脂ポリアミン・ブロックポリイソシアネ−ト化合物系)
(2)中塗塗料(B)
ポリエステル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、微細アルミニウム粉末および酸化チタン顔料を下記表1に示した比率で配合してなる有機溶剤型塗料。表1の各成分の配合量は固形分比。
【0038】
【表1】

Figure 0003710843
【0039】
*1:無水フタル酸・ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸系のポリエステル樹脂(数平均分子量約4000、水酸基価82、酸価7)。
【0040】
*2:ユ−バン28−60(三井東圧)
*3:K−9800(旭化成)、平均粒径5〜6μ
*4:チタンJR701(帝国化工)、平均粒径0.3〜0.6μ
*5:KNO−W酸化鉄(戸田工業)、平均粒径0.2〜0.5μ
*6:市松模様の黒白板上に塗装した塗膜を通して肉眼で黒白の判別が不可能になる最小膜厚(μ)を測定した。
【0041】
(3)上塗塗料(C)
アクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂および着色顔料またはメタリック顔料を下記表2に示した比率で配合してなる有機溶剤型塗料。表2の各成分の配合量は固形分比。
【0042】
【表2】
Figure 0003710843
【0043】
*7:メチルメタクリレ−ト系アクリル樹脂で、数平均分子量約2000、水酸基価70、酸価8である。
【0044】
*8:ユ−バン28−60 三井東圧
*9:チタンCR93 石原産業
*10:カ−ボンFW200 DEGUSSA
*11:ユ−ロパ−ル マ−ル社、平均粒径14〜18μ
(5)クリヤ−塗料(E)
「マジクロンクリヤ−」(関西ペイント(株)製、商品名、アクリル樹脂・メラミン樹脂系、有機溶剤型)。
【0045】
II 実施例および比較例
上記試料を用いて表3に示した塗装工程に従って塗装し加熱硬化させて複層塗膜を形成した。複層塗膜の性能試験結果も併記した。
【0046】
【表3】
Figure 0003710843
【0047】
脱脂およびりん酸亜鉛処理した鋼板にカチオン電着塗料(A)を常法により、膜厚20以下同じ)になるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分加熱して塗膜を硬化させた。該電着塗面に中塗塗料(B−1)〜(B−3)を膜厚25μ、(B−4)〜(B−5)を膜厚50μなるように塗装し、室温で5分間放置した。ついで、この中塗塗面に上塗塗料(C−1)〜(C−5)をミニベル型回転式静電塗装機を用い、吐出量150CC、回転数50000rpm 、シェ−ピング圧1kg/cm2 、ガン距離30cm、ブ−ス温度20℃、ブ−ス湿度75%で塗装した。塗装膜厚は15〜25μであった。該上塗塗料塗膜をブ−ス内で5分間放置してから、未硬化の該塗面にクリヤ−塗料(D)をミニベル型回転式静電塗装機を用い、吐出量300CC、回転数40000rpm 、シェ−ピング圧5kg/cm2 、ガン距離30cm、ブ−ス温度20℃、ブ−ス湿度75%で塗装した。塗装膜厚は45〜50μであった。塗装後、室温で3分放置してから、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用い140℃で30分加熱して、上記中塗塗料(B)、上塗塗料(C)およびクリヤ−塗料(D)からなる3層塗膜を同時に硬化せしめた。
【0048】
塗膜性能試験方法および評価基準はつぎのとおりである。
【0049】
平 滑 性:目視評価。○:良好、△:少し肌アレ、×:著しく肌アレ
仕上り外観:メタリック顔料の発色性を目視評価。○は発色性良好、△はやや良好、×は不良。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for forming a multi-layer coating film by applying a base coating material (A), an intermediate coating material (B) and a top coating material (C), and using an intermediate coating material (B) having a specific pigment composition, The present invention relates to a novel coating film forming method for reducing the film thickness of the intermediate coating film without deteriorating the coating film performance.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
It is known to form a multilayer coating film by applying an undercoat paint (such as an electrodeposition paint), an intermediate paint, and a topcoat paint. However, with regard to the intermediate coating, it is usually necessary to apply a thick film of 30 μm or more (as a cured coating) in order to conceal the lower layer and maintain the coating performance. Accordingly, there is a demand for reducing the overall coating cost by reducing the thickness of the intermediate coating without reducing the concealability and coating performance.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research to solve these problems, the present inventors have improved concealment and improved chipping resistance when both the components of fine aluminum powder and titanium oxide pigment are used in combination in the above coating process as an intermediate coating. As a result, the present invention was completed.
[0004]
That is, the present invention is to paint the undercoat paint (A), curing or not the undercoat paint (A) cured or uncured coated surface on the intermediate coating of (B) coating a, intermediate coating paint (B) In the step of applying the top coat (C) on the cured coating surface , a cationic electrodeposition paint is used as the undercoat (A), and the thermosetting resin composition is 100 weights as the intermediate coat (B). Liquid thermosetting composition comprising 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of fine aluminum powder having an average particle size of 3 μm or more and less than 10 μm and 1 to 200 parts by weight of titanium oxide pigment per part, and having a coating hiding power of 25 μm or less. A coating film forming method characterized by using a paint and using a colored paint or a metallic paint as the top coat (C) (however, the flakes coated with titanium oxide as the top coat (C)) White pearl blended with mica powder Or unless you use a base coat of silver pearl) on.
[0005]
The coating film forming method of the present invention will be described more specifically below.
[0006]
Undercoat paint (A):
It is applied directly to the object to be coated and improves corrosion resistance and adhesion. As the undercoat paint (A), those known per se can be used, and examples thereof include cationic electrodeposition paints.
[0007]
Cationic electrodeposition paints are widely used as primer (primers) for metal products such as automobile bodies, and in aqueous solutions or dispersions of cationic polymer compound salts, if necessary, crosslinking agents and pigments In the present invention, those known per se can be used. For example, examples of the cationic polymer compound include those in which a cationic group formed by modifying an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin with an amino compound or the like is introduced, and the aqueous solution is obtained by neutralizing this with an organic acid or an inorganic acid. Or it can be an aqueous dispersion. Moreover, a block polyisocyanate compound, an alicyclic epoxy resin, etc. can be used conveniently as a crosslinking agent.
[0008]
In the method of the present invention, for example, a metallic object is immersed as a cathode in such a cationic electrodeposition paint bath, and the electrodeposition is applied by energizing the anode. The film thickness is preferably in the range of 10 to 30 μm based on the cured coating film, and it is preferable to crosslink and cure it by heating at 140 to 200 ° C.
[0009]
Intermediate coating (B): The coating is applied to the cured or uncured coating surface of the undercoating paint (A), and 0.1 parts of fine aluminum powder having an average particle size of less than 10 μm per 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin composition. It is a liquid thermosetting paint comprising 30 parts by weight and 1 to 200 parts by weight of a titanium oxide pigment and having a coating film hiding power of 25 μm or less.
[0010]
In the paint (B), the concealing power is improved by using a fine aluminum powder and a titanium oxide pigment in combination, and the substrate (undercoat surface) is sufficiently concealed even with a thickness of 25 μm or less, particularly 10 to 25 μm, in the cured coating film. Is possible. Moreover, even if the top coating (C) is applied to the uncured coating surface of the coating (B), the two coating films are not mixed at all. Further, since the particle size of the aluminum powder is fine, the coating film of the intermediate coating (B) does not become a glittering metallic coating film.
[0011]
The thermosetting resin composition of the intermediate coating (B) includes, for example, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, and two or more crosslinkable functional groups such as a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a carboxyl group in one molecule. A composition comprising a base resin such as an alkyd resin and a crosslinking agent such as an amino resin such as a melamine resin and a urea resin, a polyisocyanate compound (including a block body), a carboxyl group-containing compound and the like is preferable.
[0012]
The fine aluminum powder used in the coating material (B) is a fine powder having an average particle size of less than 10 μm, preferably 3 to 7 μm. If the average particle size is 10 μm or more, the coating concealability is lowered, which is not preferable. Here, the “average particle diameter” is a median diameter by a laser diffraction scattering method (LA-500) (hereinafter the same). The component of the fine aluminum powder is preferably metallic aluminum, and the surface may be treated with a silane coupling agent or the like.
[0013]
As the titanium oxide pigment, known pigments for paints can be used, and the average particle size is preferably 5 μm or less. In addition, the titanium oxide pigment whose surface is treated with alumina, silica or the like can also be used.
[0014]
The blending amount of the fine aluminum powder and the titanium oxide pigment is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 7 parts by weight of the fine aluminum powder per 100 parts by weight (solid content) of the thermosetting resin composition. Is 1 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 80 to 120 parts by weight. And fine aluminum powder is 1-15 weight part per 100 weight part of titanium oxide pigments, Preferably it is 2-7 weight part.
[0015]
In the intermediate coating (B), it is essential to use both the fine aluminum powder and the titanium oxide pigment, and the total blending amount of both pigments is such that the coating power of the intermediate coating (B) is 25 μm or less ( As a cured coating film).
[0016]
The hiding power is the minimum film thickness that makes it impossible to recognize the color of the substrate. Specifically, it is the minimum film thickness that makes it impossible to distinguish black and white with the naked eye through a paint film painted on a black and white board. It is. By using the fine aluminum powder and the titanium oxide pigment in combination, it became possible to form a thin film having a hiding power of 25 μm or less. Even if both of these are missing, the hiding power of such a thin film cannot be obtained.
[0017]
The intermediate coating (B) is obtained by mixing and dispersing the above components in an organic solvent and / or a solvent such as water, and if necessary, a coloring pigment other than the fine aluminum powder and titanium oxide pigment, an extender pigment, An anti-settling agent or the like can be appropriately blended. The intermediate coating (B) is applied to the undercoat surface by electrostatic coating, air spray, air-less spray, etc., with a hidden film thickness of 25 μm or less, particularly 10-25 μm, based on the cured coating film. It is preferable to do.
[0018]
In the present invention, the coating film of the intermediate coating material (B) is not cross-linked and cured, and the coating material is dried at room temperature or by heating (preferably 100 ° C. or less), and then the top coating material (C) is applied. Is preferred.
[0019]
Top coating (C): This is applied to the cured or uncured coating surface of the intermediate coating (B), and a colored paint (solid color) (C-1) and a metallic pigment are blended with a colored pigment. Metallic paint (C-2) is included. These are all preferably thermosetting.
[0020]
First, the colored paint (C-1) is a liquid thermosetting paint mainly composed of a thermosetting resin composition and a colored pigment, and in principle, no metallic pigment is blended therein.
[0021]
The thermosetting resin composition of the colored paint (C-1) is, for example, an acrylic resin or polyester having two or more crosslinkable functional groups such as a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group or a carboxyl group in one molecule. A composition comprising a base resin such as a resin and an alkyd resin, and a crosslinking agent such as an amino resin such as a melamine resin and a urea resin, a polyisocyanate compound (including a block body), a carboxyl group-containing compound and the like is preferable.
[0022]
The color pigment used in the paint (C-1) is for imparting the appearance color tone of the multilayer coating film of the present invention, and examples thereof include organic or inorganic color pigments for ordinary paints. The average particle size is preferably 5 μm or less. The paint (C-1) is obtained by mixing and dispersing the above components in an organic solvent and / or a solvent such as water, and if necessary, an extender pigment, a metallic pigment, an anti-settling agent and the like are appropriately blended. be able to. The paint (C-1) is applied to the intermediate coating surface by electrostatic coating, air spray, air-less spray, etc., with a film thickness of 15 to 60 μm, particularly 20 to 35 μm, based on the cured coating film. It is preferable.
[0023]
Next, the metallic paint (C-2) is applied to the cured or uncured coating surface of the intermediate coating (B), and the metallic pigment having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more per 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin composition. Is a liquid coating composition containing 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a coating composition and having a cross-linking cured coating film having a hiding power of 50 μm or more.
[0024]
Since the coating film of the paint (C-2) contains a metallic pigment having a larger particle diameter than that described above, it exhibits a glittering feeling and a light interference pattern.
[0025]
The thermosetting resin composition is, for example, a substrate such as an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, or an alkyd resin having at least two crosslinkable functional groups such as a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a carboxyl group in one molecule. A composition comprising a resin and a crosslinking agent such as an amino resin such as a melamine resin and a urea resin, a polyisocyanate compound (including a block body), a carboxyl group-containing compound and the like is preferable. The metallic pigment used in the metallic paint (C-2) is a flake-like particle pigment having a light interference action or a glittering shine, for example, mica coated with aluminum, mica, metal oxide, mica-like oxidation Examples thereof include iron and mica-like iron oxide coated with a metal oxide. The average particle diameter of the metallic pigment is 10 μm or more, preferably 10 to 50 μm, more preferably 15 to 40 μm, and if it is smaller than 10 μm, the metallic feeling or the like is not preferable. The compounding amount of the metallic pigment is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin composition. Therefore, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
[0026]
The metallic paint (C-2) is obtained by blending the above-described components and mixing and dispersing them in an organic solvent and / or a solvent such as water.
[0027]
The metallic paint (C-2) has a film thickness of 10 to 60 μm (as a cured paint film) on the cured or powder-cured intermediate paint (B) paint film surface by electrostatic painting, air spray, airless spray, etc. It is preferable to paint so that Even if it coats to the paint film surface of the intermediate-coat paint (B) of the end hardening, both paint films do not mix.
[0028]
The method of the present invention is carried out by first coating the above-mentioned undercoat paint (A) on the surface of an object to be coated, and then successively applying an intermediate paint (B) and an overcoat paint (C) on the paint surface. That is, undercoating (A) (for example, cationic electrodeposition coating) is applied to a film thickness of 10 to 30 μm based on the cured coating film, and is heated and cured at 140 to 200 ° C. (even if it is uncured), then the undercoating An intermediate coating (B) is applied to the coating surface by electrostatic coating, air spray, airless spray, etc., with a film thickness of 25 μm or less, preferably 10-25 μm, based on the cured coating film. Without heat-curing (or after heat-curing at 120 to 180 ° C.), a top coating (C) is applied to the surface of the intermediate coating film by electrostatic coating, air spray, air-less spray, etc. It is applied so as to have a film thickness (as a cured coating film), and is cured by heating at 120 to 180 ° C. That is, the three types of paints (A), (B) and (C) can be performed by the 3-coat 1-bake system, the 3-coat 2-bake system, and the 3-coat 3-bake system. .
[0029]
In the present invention, the clear coating (D) can be further applied to the coating surface of the top coating (C) as necessary.
[0030]
Clear-Paint (D):
This is a liquid composition formed by mixing a thermosetting resin composition and a solvent to form a transparent coating film, which is applied to an uncured or cured top coating (C). . The thermosetting resin composition includes, for example, substrates such as acrylic resins, polyester resins and alkyd resins having two or more crosslinkable functional groups such as hydroxyl group, epoxy group, isocyanate group and carboxyl group in one molecule. A composition comprising a resin and a crosslinking agent such as an amino resin such as a melamine resin and a urea resin, a polyisocyanate compound (including a block body), a carboxyl group-containing compound and the like is preferable. As the solvent, an organic solvent and / or water can be used, which is prepared by dissolving or dispersing the thermosetting resin composition. If necessary, the clear paint (D) can be blended with a coloring pigment, the metallic pigment, an ultraviolet absorber, or the like to such an extent that the transparency is not impaired.
[0031]
The clear paint (D) is obtained by blending the above-described components, and mixing and dispersing them in a solvent such as an organic solvent and / or water. The clear paint (D) has a film thickness of 10 to 60 μm (as a cured paint film) using electrostatic coating, air spray, air-less spray, etc. on the surface of the top coat (D). It coats so that it may become, and is heat-hardened at 120-180 degreeC.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
1. Since the film thickness of the intermediate coating film could be made thinner (25 μm or less, preferably 10 to 25 μm) than the conventional film (30 μm or more), the cost of the entire multilayer coating film could be reduced.
[0033]
2. Even if the top coating is applied to the surface of the uncured intermediate coating film, the two layers do not mix.
[0034]
3. Even if the intermediate coating is coated with a thin film, it has excellent concealability, so that the color stability of the top coating film is good, and the color design can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose.
[0035]
4). Improved chipping resistance.
[0036]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described below.
[0037]
I. Sample (1) Cationic electrodeposition paint (A)
"Electron 9400HB" (Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., trade name, epoxy resin polyamine block polyisocyanate compound system)
(2) Intermediate paint (B)
An organic solvent-type paint obtained by blending polyester resin, melamine resin, fine aluminum powder and titanium oxide pigment in the ratio shown in Table 1 below. The amount of each component in Table 1 is a solid content ratio.
[0038]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003710843
[0039]
* 1: Phthalic anhydride / hexahydrophthalic anhydride polyester resin (number average molecular weight of about 4000, hydroxyl value of 82, acid value of 7).
[0040]
* 2: Uban 28-60 (Mitsui Toatsu)
* 3: K-9800 (Asahi Kasei), average particle size of 5-6 μm
* 4: Titanium JR701 (Imperial Chemical), average particle size 0.3-0.6μ
* 5: KNO-W iron oxide (Toda Kogyo), average particle size 0.2-0.5μ
* 6: The minimum film thickness (μ) at which black and white could not be identified with the naked eye was measured through a paint film coated on a checkered black and white plate.
[0041]
(3) Top coating (C)
An organic solvent-type paint obtained by blending an acrylic resin, a melamine resin, and a color pigment or a metallic pigment at a ratio shown in Table 2 below. The amount of each component in Table 2 is a solid content ratio.
[0042]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003710843
[0043]
* 7: A methyl methacrylate acrylic resin having a number average molecular weight of about 2000, a hydroxyl value of 70, and an acid value of 8.
[0044]
* 8: Uban 28-60 Mitsui Toatsu * 9: Titanium CR93 Ishihara Sangyo * 10: Carbon FW200 DEGUSSA
* 11: Europar Mar, average particle size 14-18μ
(5) Clear paint (E)
“Majikuron Clear” (manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., trade name, acrylic resin / melamine resin type, organic solvent type).
[0045]
II Examples and Comparative Examples Using the above samples, coating was carried out according to the coating process shown in Table 3, followed by heat curing to form a multilayer coating film. The performance test results of the multilayer coating film are also shown.
[0046]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003710843
[0047]
Cationic electrodeposition paint (A) was electrodeposited on a steel sheet treated with degreasing and zinc phosphate by a conventional method so that the film thickness was 20 or less, and the coating film was cured by heating at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes. . The intermediate coatings (B-1) to (B-3) are applied to the electrodeposition coated surface so as to have a film thickness of 25 .mu.m and (B-4) to (B-5) are coated to a film thickness of 50 .mu.m and left at room temperature for 5 minutes. did. Next, a top coat paint (C-1) to (C-5) is applied to the intermediate coating surface using a mini-bell type rotary electrostatic coating machine, the discharge amount is 150 CC, the rotational speed is 50000 rpm, the shaping pressure is 1 kg / cm 2 , the gun. The coating was performed at a distance of 30 cm, a boot temperature of 20 ° C., and a boot humidity of 75%. The coating film thickness was 15-25μ. The top coating film is left in the boot for 5 minutes, and then the clear coating (D) is applied to the uncured coating surface using a mini-bell type rotary electrostatic coating machine, with a discharge amount of 300 CC and a rotational speed of 40000 rpm. The coating was performed at a shaping pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 , a gun distance of 30 cm, a boot temperature of 20 ° C., and a boot humidity of 75%. The coating film thickness was 45-50 μm. After coating, it is allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 minutes, and then heated at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes using a hot-air circulating drying oven, and consists of the above-mentioned intermediate coating (B), top coating (C) and clear coating (D) 3 The layer coating was cured simultaneously.
[0048]
The coating film performance test method and evaluation criteria are as follows.
[0049]
Smoothness: Visual evaluation. ○: Good, Δ: Slightly skinned, ×: Remarkably finished skin appearance Appearance: Visual evaluation of color developability of metallic pigment. ○ is good color developability, Δ is slightly good, × is bad.

Claims (1)

下塗塗料(A)を塗装し、該下塗塗料(A)の硬化または未硬化の塗面上に中塗塗料(B)を塗装し、該中塗塗料(B)の硬化または未硬化の塗面上に上塗塗料(C)を塗装する工程において、該下塗塗料(A)として、カチオン型電着塗料を使用し、該中塗塗料(B)として、熱硬化性樹脂組成物100重量部あたり、平均粒径3μm以上10μm未満の微細アルミニウム粉末を0.1〜30重量部、酸化チタン顔料を1〜200重量部配合してなり、塗膜隠蔽力が25μ以下である液状熱硬化性塗料を使用し、該上塗塗料(C)として、着色塗料又はメタリック塗料を使用することを特徴とする塗膜形成方法(但し、該上塗塗料(C)として、酸化チタンで被覆されたりん片状雲母粉末を配合してなるホワイトパール調またはシルバーパール調のベースコートを使用する場合を除く)。 Apply the base coating (A), apply the intermediate coating (B) on the cured or uncured coating surface of the primer (A), and apply the intermediate coating (B) on the cured or uncured coating surface. In the step of applying the top coat (C), a cationic electrodeposition paint is used as the undercoat (A), and the average particle diameter per 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin composition as the intermediate coat (B). Using a liquid thermosetting paint having 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of fine aluminum powder of 3 μm or more and less than 10 μm and 1 to 200 parts by weight of a titanium oxide pigment, and having a coating hiding power of 25 μm or less, A coating film forming method characterized by using a colored paint or a metallic paint as the top coat (C) (however, the flake mica powder coated with titanium oxide is blended as the top coat (C)) White pearl or silver par Except if you use a base coat of tone).
JP11874395A 1978-08-07 1995-05-17 Coating method Expired - Lifetime JP3710843B2 (en)

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JP11874395A JP3710843B2 (en) 1978-08-07 1995-05-17 Coating method
US09/297,765 US6238748B1 (en) 1995-05-17 1996-11-08 Multilayer coating film formation process

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