JP3710585B2 - Waste plastic oil reduction equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste plastic oil reduction apparatus for recycling waste plastic.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an oil reduction apparatus that heats and decomposes waste plastic (polymer waste) to heavy oil (equivalent to heavy oil A) is known.
[0003]
This type of oil reduction apparatus dissolves solid waste plastics such as polyethylene, polyesterol, and vinyl chloride in a dissolution tank that is heated at a relatively low temperature of about 250 ° C. (vinyl chloride is about 70 ° C.). The waste plastic dissolved in a pyrolysis tank heated to a high temperature around 400 ° C. (vinyl chloride is 170 ° C.) is pyrolyzed, and the vaporized decomposition gas is cooled to obtain heavy oil. In addition, when solid waste plastic is directly put into the pyrolysis tank, the waste plastic is carbonized, not only the reduction efficiency is greatly reduced, but also the treatment of carbide becomes difficult, so by providing a dissolution tank, First, solid waste plastic is dissolved.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional waste oil oil reduction apparatus has the following problems to be solved.
[0005]
First, since a separate dissolution tank is required in addition to the thermal decomposition tank, the overall apparatus becomes complicated and large, and the cost is greatly increased. In addition, the maintenance is extremely disadvantageous.
[0006]
Secondly, the processing speed for waste plastics is slowed, the productivity of heavy oil is reduced, and the economy at the time of production is inferior.
[0007]
The present invention solves such a problem existing in the prior art, realizes simplification and downsizing of the entire apparatus, greatly reduces costs and facilitates maintenance, and improves productivity and economy. An object of the present invention is to provide an oil-reduction / reduction apparatus for waste plastic that can dramatically improve the performance.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Embodiments]
In the present invention, when a waste plastic oil-reduction apparatus 1 including a thermal decomposition tank 2 for heating and decomposing waste plastic P ... is constituted, a tank body in which a front surface portion 3f is inclined and a bottom surface portion 3d side is narrowed. 3, and by providing a partition 7 inside the tank body 3, the pyrolysis chamber Rf is forward from the partition 7, the dissolution chamber Rr is rearward from the partition 7, and below the partition 7. Each of the communication spaces Rc is formed, and a plurality of heating tubes 4a, 4b, 4c,..., 4c, which are arranged in the tank body 3 at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction and have air passages in the front-rear direction. 4d ..., 4e ..., 4f ... are provided, and the temperature of the heating tube 4a ... arranged above the pyrolysis chamber Rf is higher than the heating tubes 4d ..., 4c ..., 4e ..., 4f ... arranged in the melting chamber Rr. It is provided with a set thermal decomposition tank 2
[0009]
In this case, according to a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the heating tubes 4c... 4d disposed in the melting chamber Rr is set to a temperature at which the waste plastic P is melted, and the heating disposed in the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf. The temperature of the tubes 4a is set to a temperature at which the dissolved waste plastic L is thermally decomposed. Further, by combining the heating pipes 4a ..., 4b ..., 4c ..., 4d ..., 4e ..., 4f ..., a continuous air passage 8 through which the hot air H passes is formed, and upstream heating for supplying the hot air H is performed. The pipes 4a are arranged in the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber Rf, and the downstream heating pipes 4f that discharge the hot air H are arranged in the melting chamber Rr.
[0010]
As a result, the solid waste plastics P ... charged into the melting chamber Rr are heated and melted by the relatively low-temperature heating tubes 4f, 4e, 4c, 4d,. On the other hand, the dissolved waste plastic L reaches the thermal decomposition chamber Rf through the communication space Rc. As the dissolved waste plastic L increases, the liquid level reaches the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf. Therefore, when the liquid level reaches the high-temperature heating pipe 4a arranged at the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf, the heating pipe 4a ... Is vaporized by thermal decomposition. The vaporized cracked gas is liquefied into heavy oil (equivalent to heavy oil A) by being cooled.
[0011]
Therefore, since the pyrolysis tank 2 also serves as a dissolution tank, the entire apparatus can be simplified and reduced in size and size, the cost can be greatly reduced, the maintenance can be facilitated, and the processing speed for waste plastic can be improved. This speeds up the productivity of heavy oil and the economics of production.
[0012]
【Example】
Next, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be given and described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0013]
First, the structure of the waste plastic oil-reduction apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0014]
In the figure, reference numeral 2 denotes a thermal decomposition tank constituting the main part of the oil reduction apparatus 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pyrolysis tank 2 includes a tank body 3 in which the front surface portion 3 f is inclined and the bottom surface portion 3 d side is narrowed.
[0015]
Moreover, the partition part 7 is constructed between the left surface part 3p and the right surface part 3q in the front-back direction intermediate position inside the tank main body 3. This partition part 7 is comprised as an internal hollow sealing body. A partition wall 9 is provided inside the partition portion 7, and a front space Sf and a rear space Sr are formed before and after the partition wall 9. Therefore, a pyrolysis chamber Rf is formed in front of the partition portion 7, a dissolution chamber Rr is formed in the rear of the partition portion 7, and a communication space Rc is formed below the partition portion 7. The
[0016]
On the other hand, the lower part of the outer surface of the tank body 3 is surrounded by the outer plate 14, and a heat retaining part 32 having a sealed space between the outer plate 14 and the tank body 3 is provided. The heat retaining unit 32 is supplied with heat retaining oil W from a heating device 31 described later. Further, the tank body 3 including the outer plate 14 is covered with an outer housing 13, and a front communication space Cf is provided between the front surface portion 3 f of the tank body 3 and the outer housing 13, and between the rear surface portion 3 r of the tank body 3 and the outer housing 13. Is provided with a rear communication space Cr.
[0017]
On the other hand, a plurality of heating pipes 4a ..., 4b ..., 4c ..., 4d ..., 4e ..., which are arranged in the tank body 3 at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions and have air passages in the front-rear direction. 4f are provided.
[0018]
That is, four heating pipes 4a ... arranged at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction are provided in the uppermost stage of the pyrolysis chamber Rf, and the front end opening of the heating pipes 4a ... faces the outside of the outer housing 13, and the rear end The opening (inner end opening) is connected in communication with the front space Sf in the partition portion 7. In addition, on the second stage from the top of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf, there are provided four heating pipes 4b arranged at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction, and the front end opening of the heating pipes 4b ... faces the front communication space Cf, The rear end opening (inner end opening) communicates with the front space Sf. Further, four heating tubes 4c,..., 4d,... Arranged at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction are provided on the third and bottom stages from the top of the pyrolysis chamber Rf. In this case, the heating tubes 4c ... and 4d ... pass through the pyrolysis chamber Rf, the communication space Rc, and the dissolution chamber Rr, and both end openings of the heating tubes 4c ... 4d ... are formed in the front communication space Cf and the rear communication space Cr. Let each face. Further, four heating pipes 4f arranged at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction are provided at the uppermost stage of the melting chamber Rr, and the front end opening (inner end opening) of the heating pipes 4f is the rear space Sr in the partition portion 7. And the rear end opening faces the outside of the outer housing 13. Further, four heating pipes 4e... Arranged at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction are provided on the second stage from the top of the melting chamber Rr, and the front end openings (inner end openings) of the heating pipes 4e. While being connected in communication with the rear space Sr, the rear end opening faces the rear communication space Cr. In addition, the mutual space | interval of each heating tube 4a ..., 4b ..., 4c ..., 4d ..., 4e ..., 4f ... is set to about 10-15 cm.
[0019]
Thereby, the path of the heating pipe 4a ... → the front space Sf → the heating pipe 4b ... → the front communication space Cf → the heating pipe 4c ... and 4d ... → the rear communication space Cr → the heating pipe 4e ... → the rear space Sr → the heating pipe 4f ... A continuous air passage 8 is formed.
[0020]
In addition, a hopper 12 is provided at the upper end of the melting chamber Rr for charging solid waste plastic P. Furthermore, 15 is a cover which covers the upper surface of the tank body 3, and a duct 16 for collecting cracked gas is connected to the upper center of the cover 15. This duct 16 is connected to a scrubber 52 described later.
[0021]
On the other hand, the outer end opening of the heating pipes 4a arranged at the top is connected to the hot air generator 21, and the outer end opening of the heating pipes 4f is connected to the chimney 22 provided with the blowers 23. Thereby, the hot air H supplied from the hot air generator 21 is discharged | emitted from the chimney 22 through the ventilation path 8 outside. At this time, the temperature of the heating tubes 4a ... arranged in the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf is higher than that of the heating tubes 4d ..., 4c ..., 4e ..., 4f ... arranged in the melting chamber Rr. That is, the temperature of the heating pipes 4f arranged on the downstream side is gradually lowered by the heat radiation when the hot air H passes through the ventilation paths 8 with respect to the temperature of the heating pipes 4a arranged on the upstream side. Therefore, when the temperature of the heating tubes 4a arranged at the top reaches a temperature at which the melted waste plastic L is thermally decomposed (usually 400 ° C., vinyl chloride is 170 ° C.), the heating tubes 4c arranged below are disposed. 4d..., 4d... 4f... 4f so that the temperature of the waste plastics P is dissolved (usually 250.degree. C., vinyl chloride is 70.degree. C.). Select conditions such as diameter, length, number, and spacing of….
[0022]
Note that heat-resistant liquefied glass (room temperature glass) is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the heating tube 4a, the surface of the inner surface of the tank main body 3 and the like that is in contact with the dissolved waste plastic L and the decomposition gas. Since the heating tubes 4a, the tank body 3, and the like are usually made of a metal material such as steel, corrosion is likely to occur. In particular, when vinyl chloride is used as waste plastic, metal corrosion and oxidation proceed at a considerable rate due to the generated chlorine. For this reason, the surfaces of the heating tubes 4a, etc. are coated with the liquefied glass 25a, etc., thereby improving chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, durability, and the like. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, it is desirable to apply liquefied glass 25a, 25b,...
[0023]
The thermal decomposition tank 2 is provided with a heat retaining device 30 shown in FIG. The heat retaining device 30 includes a heating device 31. The heating device 31 includes a heating unit 33, and a discharge unit of the heating unit 33 is connected to one side of the heat retaining unit 32 via a pipe 35 having a valve 34, as shown in FIGS. The suction part of the heating part 33 is connected to the other side of the heat retaining part 32 through a pipe 37 having a valve 36. Thus, the heat retaining oil W is heated by the heating unit 33 and then supplied to the space between the outer plate 14 constituting the heat retaining unit 32 and the tank body 3 via the pipe 35 and is used for heat retaining in the space. The oil W constitutes a heating circulation circuit that is returned to the heating unit 33 via the pipe 37. In addition, 38 is an oil tank connected to the heating unit 33 via the valve 39, 40 is a control unit that controls various operations such as operation and heating temperature of the heating unit 33, and 41 includes a function of liquefying the vaporized heat retaining oil. It is an extension part.
[0024]
FIG. 4 shows the overall configuration of the oil reduction apparatus 1 including the pyrolysis tank 2. In the figure, 51 is a crusher for crushing large waste plastic into small pieces, 52 is a scrubber for neutralizing chlorine gas, 53 is a PH adjustment tank attached to the scrubber, and 54 is a condenser for liquefying the cracked gas , 55 is a cooler (cooling tower) for cooling the condenser 54, 56 is a pump, 57 is an oil / water separation tank for separating the obtained heavy oil and water, 58 is a filter, and 59 is a storage tank for heavy oil.
[0025]
Next, the overall operation of the oil reduction apparatus 1 including the function of the pyrolysis tank 2 constituting the main part of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0026]
First, hot air H is supplied by the hot air generator 21 to the heating tubes 4a arranged at the top. In FIG. 1, the path of the hot air H is indicated by arrows. Thus, the heating tubes 4a ... are heated to around 400 ° C (vinyl chloride is 170 ° C). Further, the heating tubes 4c, 4d,... Arranged at the lower part are heated around 250 ° C. (70 ° C. in the case of vinyl chloride). And the hot air H which passed the ventilation path 8 is discharged | emitted from the chimney 22 outside. At this time, the air is sucked by the blower 23.
[0027]
On the other hand, solid waste plastics (polyethylene, polyesterol, vinyl chloride, etc.) P are put into the hopper 12. At this time, the large waste plastic is crushed into small pieces by the crusher 51. Solid waste plastic P ... charged into the hopper 12 is supplied into the melting chamber Rr.
[0028]
Also, the waste plastic P ... supplied into the melting chamber Rr falls to the bottom of the melting chamber Rr and is heated and melted by the relatively low temperature heating tubes 4c, 4d,. The dissolved waste plastic L enters the thermal decomposition chamber Rf through the communication space Rc and is stored in the tank body 3. As the dissolved waste plastic L increases, the liquid level reaches the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf. Therefore, when the liquid level reaches the high-temperature heating pipe 4a arranged at the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber Rf, the heating pipe 4a ... Is vaporized by thermal decomposition.
[0029]
On the other hand, the vaporized cracked gas is supplied to the scrubber 52 through the duct 16, and the mixed chlorine gas is neutralized. Further, the cracked gas is supplied from the scrubber 52 to the condenser 54 and cooled to be liquefied into heavy oil (corresponding to A heavy oil). The condenser 54 is constantly cooled by the coolant sent from the cooler 55. Then, the obtained heavy oil is supplied to the oil / water separation tank 57. In the oil / water separation tank 57, water and heavy oil are separated. After the impurities are removed by the filter 58, the heavy oil is supplied to and stored in the storage tank 59, and a part of the heavy oil is supplied to the hot air generator 21 to be heated. Used as fuel for the generator 21.
[0030]
In addition, in the period when the operation of the liquefying and reducing apparatus 1 is stopped at night or the like, the tank body 3 is kept warm by the heat retaining device 30. In this case, the heat retaining oil W is heated to a temperature of 70 to 400 ° C. by the heating unit 33 and supplied to the space between the outer plate 14 and the tank body 3 constituting the heat retaining unit 32 via the pipe 35, The heat retaining oil W in the space is returned to the heating unit 33 via the pipe 37. Thereby, the waste plastic L remaining in the tank body 3 is kept warm, and the start-up time when the operation is restarted can be greatly shortened.
[0031]
The embodiment has been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and the detailed configuration, shape, material, quantity, technique, and the like can be arbitrarily set within the scope of the present invention. Can be changed.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, the waste plastic oil reduction apparatus according to the present invention has a tank body in which the front surface portion is inclined and the bottom surface portion side is narrowed. A thermal decomposition chamber forward from the partition, a dissolution chamber behind the partition, and a communication space below the partition, respectively, and arranged in the tank body at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions, And in order to provide a plurality of heating tubes having a ventilation path in the front-rear direction, and to include a pyrolysis tank in which the temperature of the heating tube disposed at the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber is set higher than the heating tube disposed in the melting chamber, There are the following remarkable effects.
[0033]
(1) Since the thermal decomposition tank also serves as a dissolution tank, the entire apparatus can be simplified and reduced in size and size, and the cost can be greatly reduced and maintenance can be facilitated.
[0034]
{Circle around (2)} Since the processing speed for waste plastics can be increased, the productivity of heavy oil and the economic efficiency during production can be dramatically improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a thermal decomposition tank constituting a main part of an oil reduction apparatus according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional front view taken along the line XX in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a heating tube in the pyrolysis tank,
FIG. 4 is a block system diagram showing the overall configuration of the oil reduction device,
FIG. 5 is a block system diagram of a heat retaining device provided in the oil reduction device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Oil-reduction apparatus 2 Pyrolysis tank 3 Tank main body 3f Front face part 3d of tank main body Bottom face part 4a of tank main body ... Heating tube 4b ... Heating tube 4c ... Heating tube 4d ... Heating tube 4e ... Heating tube 4f ... Heating tube 7 Partition Part 8 Ventilation path P ... Waste plastic Rf Thermal decomposition chamber Rr Melting chamber Rc Communication space L Waste plastic H dissolved Hot air

Claims (4)

In a waste plastic oil-reduction apparatus equipped with a pyrolysis tank that heats and decomposes waste plastic, it has a tank body with a slanted front face and a narrow bottom face, and a partition section is provided inside the tank body. By providing, a pyrolysis chamber is formed forward from the partition portion, a dissolution chamber is formed rearward from the partition portion, and a communication space is formed below the partition portion, and in the tank body, in the vertical direction and the left-right direction. A plurality of heating pipes arranged at predetermined intervals and having a ventilation path in the front-rear direction are provided, and the temperature of the heating pipe arranged above the pyrolysis chamber is set higher than the heating pipe arranged in the melting chamber. A waste plastic oil-reduction apparatus comprising a thermal decomposition tank. 2. The waste plastic oil reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating pipe disposed in the melting chamber is set to a temperature at which the waste plastic is dissolved. 2. The waste plastic oil reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating pipe disposed in the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber is set to a temperature at which the dissolved waste plastic is thermally decomposed. By combining the heating pipes, a continuous air passage through which hot air passes is formed, and an upstream heating pipe for supplying hot air is arranged at the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and downstream heating for discharging hot air is provided. 2. The waste plastic oil reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a tube is disposed in the melting chamber.

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