JP3708393B2 - Pinching determination device and switching device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention provides a wind shield, rain shield, sun shield and mud guard that is mounted near an opening / closing portion that is automatically closed by driving a moving member.Such asThe present invention relates to a pinch determination device for determining pinching of an object between a visor and a moving member, and an opening / closing device using the pinch determination device, and in particular, to a safety device for an electric window such as a power window of an automobile and an electric sunroof. Is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Conventional pinch detection devices and opening / closing devices pinch a part of the human body or an object such as clothing such as between a window glass and a window frame in a power window of an automobile or between a sliding roof and a roof frame in an electric sunroof. Therefore, a safety device should be provided that detects the object being caught and stops or reversely rotates the motor that drives the window glass and the sliding roof. As a method for detecting the object pinching, there are an indirect method for detecting a torque of a motor that changes before and after the pinching and a direct method for detecting by a sensor attached to a window frame or a roof frame.
[0003]
  As an indirect method, a method of detecting a torque of a motor or a change in a driving current and a rotation speed that changes in accordance with the torque can be considered. Some have stopped the motor by detecting pinching of an object when the window glass is raised based on a change in current.
[0004]
  Further, as a direct method, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-258634, a power window and a side visor of an automobile are described, and a pair of conductors facing each other with a gap as a sensor for judging pinching A so-called pressure-sensitive switch consisting of In this method, the load is applied to the pressure-sensitive switch when an object is sandwiched between the visor and the window glass. When the magnitude of displacement due to the load exceeds a certain threshold value, the conductor contacts the switch. Is something that enters. Therefore, it is a digital determination method that the pinching determination switch is off until the displacement reaches the threshold value, and that the pinching determination switch is turned on at the moment when the displacement exceeds the threshold value.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  However, conventionalPinching determination device and switching deviceThen, it had the following problems.
[0006]
  In the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-33665, it is impossible to detect pinching unless the change in driving current is large to some extent. When an object is inserted, a considerable impact is given to the object.
[0007]
  The method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-258634 is also the same, and cannot be detected at the moment when the object is sandwiched, and the sandwiching determination is performed unless the impact on the object exceeds the displacement threshold for contacting the conductor. Because it can not, it will give a considerable shock to the object.
[0008]
  As described above, since the determination of the pinching is slow in any of the methods, there is a problem that the impact on the pinched object cannot be reduced.
[0009]
  The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and can quickly reduce the impact on an object that has been sandwiched by making the determination of sandwiching faster.Pinching determination device and switching deviceThe purpose is to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above problems, the present inventionPinching determination device and switching deviceIsDisplacement that is provided by at least one of the contact member or the moving member, and is provided by an object sandwiched between an opening / closing part constituted by a moving member and a contact member, a visor attached to the contact member Sensing means for generating an output corresponding to the output and an output corresponding to the restoration of the displacement, an object between the moving member and the abutting member based on the output due to the displacement of the sensing means and the output due to the restoration of the displacement Determination means for determining the pinching ofIs.
[0011]
  According to the above invention, the output according to the given displacementAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementSensing means for generatingDetermining means for determining whether the moving member is sandwiched between the moving member and an output based on the displacement of the sensing means and an output based on the restoration of the displacement;The displacement given to the sensing means even if it is small when an object is sandwichedAnd displacement recoverySince output is generated as long as there is, it is possible to reduce the impact on the sandwiched object because the judgment of sandwiching is quickerAt the same time, it can prevent false detections and overjudgment.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Of the present inventionClaim 1The pinch detection device isAn opening / closing part composed of a moving member and a contact member, and an output corresponding to the displacement given by the object being sandwiched and at least one of the contact member or the moving member, and the restoration of the displacement Sensing means for generating an output, and judgment means for judging whether the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the abutting member based on an output by displacement of the sensing means and an output by restoration of the displacement It is.
[0013]
  Thus, when an object is sandwiched between the moving member and the contact member, an output can be generated even if the displacement given to the sensing means and the restoration of the displacement are small, and the object sandwiching is quickly determined. Can reduce the impact on the object that is pinched, and can prevent false detections and overjudgment.
[0014]
  Of the present inventionClaim 2The sandwiching determination device according to the present invention is disposed in at least one of the opening / closing portion constituted by a moving member and a contact member, a visor attached to the contact member, and the contact member or the visor,By pinching objectsGiven displacementInOutput according toAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementSensing means for generatingBy output by displacement and restoration of displacementAnd determining means for determining whether the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor based on an output.
[0015]
  When an object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor, the displacement given to the sensing meansAnd restoration of the displacementOutput can be generated even if the size of the object is small, and it is possible to quickly determine whether the object has been caught, so that the impact on the caught object can be reduced.At the same time, it can prevent false detections and overjudgment.
[0016]
  Of the present inventionClaim 3In the pinching determination device according to the present invention, the sensing means is disposed on at least one of the contact member and the visor via an elastic body.
[0017]
  The sensing means is easily deformed by the elastic body.And restoring the displacementCan be displaced when the object is caughtAnd restoration of the displacementCan result.
[0018]
  Of the present inventionClaim 4In the pinching determination device according to the present invention, the elastic body has a hollow portion.
[0019]
  And due to the hollow part of the elastic body, the sensing means is more easily deformedAnd restoring the displacementCan be displaced when the object is caughtAnd restoration of the displacementCan result.
[0020]
  Of the present inventionClaim 5In the pinching determination device according to the present invention, the sensing means is disposed at the coupling portion between the visor and the contact member, and is displaced via the visor.And restoration of the displacementIs given.
[0021]
  When the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor, the sensing means can be easily displaced by the displacement of the visor due to the contact load.
[0022]
  Of the present inventionClaim 6In the pinching determination device according to the present invention, the sensing means is disposed on the free end side of the visor.
[0023]
  When an object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor, the sensing means is easily displaced by the contact load.And restoration of the displacementCan receive.
[0024]
  Of the present inventionClaim 7The sandwiching judging device according to theAn object is sandwiched between the moving member that moves in the closing direction and the contact member,When the output of the sensing means exceeds a predetermined valueIf there is an output when the displacement is restored by moving the moving member in the direction opposite to the closing directionBetween moving member and visorOr between moving member and abutment memberIt is determined that an object is sandwiched between the two.
[0025]
  Then, it is possible to easily determine whether the object is caught in accordance with the output of the sensing means.
[0026]
  Of the present inventionClaim 8The switchgear includes: a pinch determination device; a drive unit that drives the moving member; and a control unit that controls the drive unit according to the determination of the pinch determination device.ComprisingWhen the pinch determination device determines that pinch is present, the control unit controls the driving unit to stop the movement of the moving member or reverse the moving direction to move in the opening direction.
[0027]
  And between the moving member and the visorOr between moving member and abutment memberWhen an object is sandwiched between the two, the sandwiching can be immediately stopped or the sandwiching can be released.
[0028]
  Of the present inventionClaim 9The opening and closing device according to the present invention is disposed on the visor, an opening and closing portion constituted by a moving member and a contact member, a visor attached to the contact member,By pinching objectsOutput according to given displacementAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementA first sensing means for generatingBy pinching objectsOutput according to given displacementAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementAn object between the moving member and the visor or between the moving member and the abutting member based on the outputs of the second sensing means for generating the first sensing means and the second sensing means Determination means for determining the pinching of the motor, driving means for driving the moving member, and control means for controlling the driving means by the determination of the determination meansComprisingIf the determination means determines that there is jamming, the control means controls the drive means to stop the movement of the moving member or to reverse the movement direction and move in the opening direction.
[0029]
  Since the object is determined to be caught based on the outputs of the first sensing means disposed on the visor and the second sensing means disposed on the contact member, the moving member and the visor or the moving member Even if an object is sandwiched between any of the contact members, the sandwiching can be determined quickly, so that the impact on the sandwiched object can be reduced.
[0030]
  Of the present inventionClaim 10In the opening / closing device according to the second aspect, the second sensing means is disposed in a sealed body attached to the periphery of the contact member.
[0031]
  And since the sealing body has elasticity to bring the moving member and the contact member into close contact with each other in the closed state of the opening / closing device, the sensing means disposed on the sealing body can be easily deformed.And restoring the displacementCan be displaced when the object is caughtAnd restoration of the displacementCan result.
[0032]
  Of the present inventionClaim 11The switchgear includes load detection means for detecting the drive load of the drive means, and the control means has a detection value detected by the load detection means when the moving member is moving in the closing direction. If it exceeds, the drive means is controlled to stop the movement of the moving member or to reverse the moving direction and move in the opening direction.
[0033]
  And, in addition to the sensing means, pinching can be stopped or released by a driving load, so pinching can be detected even in an abnormal state where either the sensing means or the load detection means becomes defective, and a double safe switchgear can do.
[0034]
  Of the present inventionClaim 12In the pinching determination device and the opening / closing device according to the present invention, the opening / closing portion is a power window of an automobile, the moving member is a window glass, and the contact member is a window frame or a vehicle body.
[0035]
  Since a visor generally referred to as a side visor is disposed in the window frame of an automobile (if the vehicle is a hard top type, the vehicle body also serves as a window frame), it is possible to quickly determine whether the window glass is sandwiched between the side visor.
[0036]
  Of the present inventionClaim 13In the pinching determination device and the opening / closing device according to the present invention, the opening / closing portion is an electric sunroof of an automobile, the moving member is a sliding roof, and the contact member is a roof frame.
[0037]
  Even when a visor is disposed on the roof frame of an automobile, it is possible to quickly determine whether the sliding roof and the visor are caught.
[0038]
  Of the present inventionClaim 14TakePinching determination device and switching deviceIs the displacement given the sensing meansAnd restoration of the displacementA differential value with respect to time is sensed.
[0039]
  And displacementAnd restoration of the displacementThe displacement is detected by the differential value ofAnd displacement recoveryEven if it is very small, it can be detected as long as there is a change rate (speed) of displacement.
[0040]
  Of the present inventionClaim 15TakePinching determination device and switching deviceIs the displacement given the sensing meansAnd restoration of the displacementIt senses multi-order differential values with respect to time.
[0041]
  The present inventionClaim 16TakePinching determination device and switching deviceIs the displacement given the sensing meansAnd restoration of the displacementThe second-order differential value (acceleration) with respect to time is sensed.
[0042]
  And displacementAnd restoration of the displacementBecause it senses the second derivative with respect to time, the displacementAnd restoration of the displacementIs minute and displacementAnd restoration of the displacementEven if the speed is very small, the displacementAnd restoration of the displacementAs long as there is acceleration (change in speed), it can be detected.
[0043]
  Of the present inventionClaim 17TakePinching determination device and switching deviceThe sensor means is constituted by a piezoelectric sensor.
[0044]
  And if you use the characteristics of the piezoelectric sensor,And restoration of the displacementThe displacement can be generated by receiving the acceleration ofAnd restoration of the displacementIs minute and displacementAnd restoration of the displacementDisplacement even if the speed is very smallAnd restoration of the displacementIt is possible to realize a highly sensitive sensing means with respect to the acceleration.
[0045]
  Of the present inventionClaim 18TakePinching determination device and switching deviceThe piezoelectric sensor includes a composite piezoelectric layer including a rubber elastic body and piezoelectric ceramic powder, and a plurality of electrodes sandwiching the composite piezoelectric layer.
[0046]
  In addition, since the piezoelectric sensor having the elasticity of the rubber elastic body and having the high temperature durability can be realized, it can be sufficiently used in the environment required for the visor or the like and requiring the high temperature durability.
[0047]
  Of the present inventionClaim 19In the visor, the pinching determination device, and the opening / closing device according to the present invention, the rubber elastic body includes amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene.
[0048]
  Further, flexibility and high temperature durability can be further improved by using flexible amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene which is rigid and has high temperature durability.
[0049]
【Example】
  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0050]
  Example 1
  The invention of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0051]
  FIG. 1 is an external view of the opening / closing device according to the first embodiment. The opening / closing portion is applied to a power window of an automobile, and the right door is viewed from the inside of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, a power window 1 as an opening / closing portion has a window glass 2 as a moving member and a window frame 3 as a contact member. A rain guard visor 4 is attached to the upper peripheral edge of the window frame 3, and piezoelectric sensors 5 and 6 as sensing means are disposed at the end of the window frame 3 and the end of the visor 4, respectively. Reference numeral 7 denotes a determination unit that determines whether an object is sandwiched between the window frame 3 and the window glass 2 based on the output signal of the piezoelectric sensor 5, and 8 denotes between the visor 4 and the window glass 2 based on the output signal of the piezoelectric sensor 6. Determining means for determining whether the object is caught in Further, a motor 9 as a driving means for opening and closing the window glass 2 and a rotation speed sensor 10 as a load detecting means for detecting a driving load of the motor 9 are provided. The overload determination means 11 compares the detection value of the rotation speed sensor 10 with a predetermined value, and when the detection value of the rotation speed sensor 10 falls below the predetermined value, the driving load exceeds the predetermined value. That is, an overload signal is output assuming that there is pinching. Therefore, the determination means 7 determines whether the object is sandwiched between the window frame 3 and the window glass 2 based on the output of the piezoelectric sensor 5, or the determination means 8 moves between the visor 4 and the window glass 2 based on the output of the piezoelectric sensor 6. The overload determination means 11 determines whether the object is caught or the output of the rotational speed sensor 10 determines the catch. The sandwiching determination device 12 is formed with the above configuration.
[0052]
  Next, the control means 13 will be described. The OR gate 14 informs the main circuit 15 that at least one of the determination means 7 and 8 and the overload determination means 11 has determined the pinching. The main circuit 15 gives a signal to the motor drive circuit 16 in order to control the motor 9, but conversely, a signal indicating whether or not the window glass 2 has moved in the closing direction from the motor drive circuit 16 (the motor 9 is rotating forward). It is the composition which receives. The main circuit 15 rotates the motor 9 in the reverse direction when the window glass 2 is moved in the closing direction by the motor drive circuit 16 (the motor 9 rotates forward) and there is an object pinched by the OR gate 14. The moving direction of the window glass 2 is reversed and moved in the opening direction, so that the pinching can be quickly eliminated. The main circuit 15 is input with an operation signal from an operation switch 17 for an occupant to instruct to open and close the window glass 2, and normally operates the motor drive circuit 16 in accordance with the operation signal. Reference numeral 18 denotes a battery which supplies power to the main circuit 15, the motor drive circuit 16 and the like (in some cases, to the determination means 7, 8 and the overload determination means 11).
[0053]
  In the present embodiment, since the piezoelectric sensors 5 and 6 are disposed in the window frame 3 and the visor 4, for example, the visor 4 is not a standard equipment but is an option, and even when the user determines that it is unnecessary. The sandwiching between the window frame 3 and the window glass 2 has an effect that can be detected.
[0054]
  In this embodiment, when at least one of the determination means 7 and 8 and the overload determination means 11 determines the pinching, the window glass 2 is lowered, but the characteristics (especially sensitivity) of the detection means used. If there is a lot of noise, other methods are possible. For example, when both the sensitivity of the sensing means and the sensitivity of overload determination are too good, it may be determined that there is really jamming only when both the judgment means and overload judgment means determine pinching.
[0055]
  In addition, when the determination means 7 and 8 do not determine pinching but are determined to be overloaded, it is determined that the window glass 2 is normally closed rather than pinching and the motor 9 is stopped. Good. It is easy to reverse the motor 9 if it is caught and stop the motor 9 when it is normally closed.
[0056]
  In this embodiment, the driving load is detected by detecting the rotation speed of the motor 9, but the overload may be determined by detecting the current value and torque of the motor 9.
[0057]
  2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. The weather strip 19 is generally made of an elastic body, and is a sealed body that closely attaches the window glass 2 and the window frame 3 so that there is no gap when the window glass 2 is closed, and is attached to the periphery of the window frame 3. . Since the piezoelectric sensor 5 is disposed on the weather strip 19, it is surely displaced when the object 20 is sandwiched between the window frame 3 and the window glass 2, and the weather strip 19 is an elastic body. Therefore, the displacement can be increased.
[0058]
  The visor 4 is attached to the outside of the window frame 3. Since the piezoelectric sensor 6 is disposed on the free end side of the visor 4, the piezoelectric sensor 6 is reliably displaced when the object 20 is sandwiched between the visor 4 and the window glass 2, and is also displaced because of the elastic body 21. Can be increased. In particular, the elastic body 21 has a hollow portion 22, and a large displacement is easily caused by the contact of the object 20.
[0059]
  When it is determined that an object is caught by an output corresponding to the displacement (in this specification, an output corresponding to the time derivative or multi-order derivative of the displacement is included), a configuration in which the displacement can be taken is more sensitive. Therefore, if the displacement at the time of pinching is increased by using an elastic body or the elastic body has a hollow portion, the output signal of the sensing means is further increased and it becomes easier to detect the pinching. Therefore, the weather strip 19 may be provided with a hollow portion.
[0060]
  Depending on the sensing means, the elastic body and the hollow portion can be eliminated if sufficient sensitivity can be ensured without the elastic body and the hollow portion.
[0061]
  In this embodiment, the piezoelectric sensors 5 and 6 are disposed in the window frame 3 and the visor 4 respectively. However, when the object 20 is sandwiched, it is only necessary to cause a displacement. It is not limited. For example, if the visor 4 is very soft and there is no danger even if the object 20 is sandwiched between the visor 4 and the window glass 2, the piezoelectric sensor 5 may be configured only on the window frame 3. In this case, the piezoelectric sensor 6 is unnecessary. It is. In this case, when the object 20 is sandwiched between the visor 4 and the window glass 2, the visor 4 is deformed, and the sandwiching is determined when the object 20 displaces the piezoelectric sensor 5. The piezoelectric sensor 6 is also unnecessary when the visor 4 is positioned far above the window frame 3 (that is, the object 20 is not physically sandwiched between the visor 4 and the window glass 2). On the contrary, when the visor 4 is arranged in parallel with the window glass 2 and extremely close to the window glass 2, the piezoelectric sensor 5 on the window frame 3 side may be unnecessary.
[0062]
  FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the visor 4. A weather strip provided with a piezoelectric sensor 6 is mounted on the free end side of the visor 4, and a determination means 8 is integrally connected to the piezoelectric sensor 6. A lead wire 23 and a control means (not shown) are connected to a signal. It is an exchange. The visor 4 can be attached to and detached from the window frame 3, and in this embodiment, the visor 4 is not limited to the standard equipment in the automobile, and can be used as an option.
[0063]
  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the piezoelectric sensor, and FIG. 3 is viewed from the BB ′ plane. The piezoelectric sensor 6 has a cable shape formed by concentrically laminating a composite piezoelectric layer 24 as a pressure-sensitive material, a center electrode 25 and an outer electrode 26 sandwiching the composite piezoelectric layer 24, and a protective coating layer 27. This is a piezoelectric sensor. This cable-shaped piezoelectric sensor is manufactured by the following process. First, a chlorinated polyethylene sheet as a flexible rubber elastic body and a piezoelectric ceramic (here, lead zirconate titanate) powder having a high temperature durability of 40 to 70 vol% are formed into a sheet shape by a roll method. Mix evenly. After the sheet is finely cut into pellets, these pellets are continuously extruded together with the center electrode 25 to form the composite piezoelectric layer 24. Then, the outer electrode 26 is wound around the composite piezoelectric layer 24. The covering layer 27 is also continuously extruded around the outer electrode 26. Finally, in order to polarize the composite piezoelectric layer 24, a DC high voltage of 5 to 10 kV / mm is applied between the center electrode 25 and the outer electrode 26.
[0064]
  The chlorinated polyethylene sheet is preferably a mixture of flexible amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene that is rigid and durable at high temperatures. In this case, in consideration of extrusion processability, flexibility, piezoelectric properties, etc., 75 wt% of amorphous chlorinated polyethylene having a molecular weight of 60,000 to 150,000 and a molecular weight of 200,000 to 40 at a crystallinity of 15 to 25%. It has been experimentally found that chlorinated polyethylene mixed with 25 wt% of tens of crystalline chlorinated polyethylene is preferred. The chlorinated polyethylene can contain up to about 70 vol% piezoelectric ceramic powder.
[0065]
  The center electrode 25 may be an ordinary metal single wire, but here, an electrode in which a metal coil is wound around an insulating polymer fiber is used. The insulating polymer fiber and the metal coil are each preferably a polyester fiber commercially used in electric blankets and a copper alloy containing 5 wt% silver.
[0066]
  As the outer electrode 26, a strip electrode having a metal film bonded on a polymer layer is used, and this is wound around the composite piezoelectric layer 24. The electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the polymer layer and bonded with an aluminum film has high thermal stability at 120 ° C. and is also mass-produced commercially. 26 is preferable. Since it is difficult to solder the aluminum film when this electrode is connected to the judging means 8, it is connected by caulking or eyeleting, or a metal single wire coil or a metal braided wire is wound around the aluminum film. It is good also as a structure which takes conduction and solders a metal single wire coil or a metal braided wire to the detection means 5. In order to shield the piezoelectric sensor 6 from electrical noise in the external environment, the outer electrode 26 is preferably wound around the composite piezoelectric layer 24 so as to partially overlap.
[0067]
  As the covering layer 27, an appropriate elastic polymer material such as urethane, polyethylene, or vinyl chloride is used.
[0068]
  In the present embodiment, since the composite piezoelectric layer 24 uses piezoelectric ceramic powder, it has higher temperature durability than PVDF or the like.
[0069]
  In this embodiment, the composite piezoelectric layer 24 has both the flexibility of the amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and the high temperature durability of the crystalline chlorinated polyethylene, and can operate at 120 ° C. for 1000 hours or more. In addition, since the composite piezoelectric layer 24 does not require a vulcanization process necessary for the production of a general synthetic rubber, it is excellent in the degree of freedom in disposition, has high temperature durability, and the production process becomes simple.
[0070]
  If flexibility is not required or high temperature durability is not required depending on the application, the configuration is not limited to the above, and a general piezoelectric material may be used.
[0071]
  FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the determination means 8. The output of the piezoelectric sensor 6 includes an impedance converter 28 composed of an input resistor, an FET, and the like, a filter 29 in which a cut-off frequency is set so that only a signal can be taken out by removing noise, and an amplifier 30 that amplifies the signal to a manageable level. A comparison unit 31 for determining pinching by comparing with a reference signal is used to transmit a determination output as to whether or not pinching has occurred to the control means 13. In general, a piezoelectric sensor has high output impedance, and if the connection variation is large, the signal level variation in the subsequent signal processing circuit also becomes large. It is also considered that it is vulnerable to noise. Therefore, first of all, it is connected to the impedance converter 28 and converted to a low impedance.
[0072]
  Here, in this embodiment, the determination means 8 is integrated with the visor 4 from FIG. As an effect, since the determination means 8 is configured to output a signal that can be easily handled by impedance conversion or the like, it is easy to handle, for example, a connector for connecting the lead wire 23 to the control means, and general-purpose parts can be used.
[0073]
  Note that when using sensing means with low output impedance or when used in an environment with little noise, the judging means does not necessarily have to be integrated with the visor side. In this case, it is also conceivable to use one determination means 7 and 8.
[0074]
  Note that a countermeasure against strong electric field may be taken by adding a feedthrough capacitor, an EMI filter, or the like to the input / output unit of the determination means 8.
[0075]
  FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the output signal V of the FET provided in the impedance conversion unit 28, the output J of the comparison unit 31 which can be said to be the output of the determination unit 8, and the applied voltage Vm for the control unit 13 to give a drive signal to the motor 9. It is. At time t1, a voltage of + Vd is applied to the motor 9 to raise the window glass 2. When the object 20 is sandwiched between the visor 4 and the window glass 2, a signal (according to the second derivative value (acceleration) with respect to the displacement time given to the piezoelectric sensor 6 by the piezoelectric effect from the piezoelectric sensor 6 (in FIG. 6). Signal component larger than the reference potential Vo) is output. At this time, if the piezoelectric sensor 6 is simply arranged on the visor 4, the piezoelectric sensor 6 is slightly deformed when sandwiched (depending on the hardness of the visor 4). As shown in FIG. 2, the piezoelectric sensor 6 is disposed on the visor 4 via the elastic body 21, and the elastic body 21 further has a hollow portion 22. As a result, the elastic body 21 is compressed when sandwiched and the displacement of the piezoelectric sensor 6 increases, and at the same time, the hollow portion 22 is also crushed and the displacement of the piezoelectric sensor 6 further increases. In this way, a large displacement is obtained in the piezoelectric sensor 6 and the acceleration, which is the second derivative value of the displacement, increases, and as a result, the output signal of the piezoelectric sensor 6 also increases. As a result, it becomes easier to discriminate between the signal component at the time of pinching and the signal component due to external vibration or electrical noise.
[0076]
  If the amplitude | V−Vo | of V from Vo is equal to or greater than a predetermined value Do, the determination means 8 determines that pinching has occurred and outputs a Lo → Hi → Lo pulse signal as a determination output at time t2. In response to this pulse signal, the control means 13 stops applying the voltage + Vd to the motor 9, applies the voltage -Vd for a certain time, lowers the window glass 2 by a certain amount, and releases the pinching. Note that when releasing the pinching, the piezoelectric sensor 6 also outputs a signal (a signal component smaller than the reference potential Vo in FIG. 6) corresponding to the acceleration at which the displacement is restored.
[0077]
  At the time of clamping, whether V is larger or smaller than Vo varies depending on the bending direction and polarization direction of the piezoelectric sensor 6, electrode allocation (which is set as a reference potential), and the supporting direction of the piezoelectric sensor 6. Since the determination means 8 determines the pinching based on the amplitude of V from Vo, the pinching can be determined regardless of the magnitude of V with respect to Vo.
[0078]
  In this embodiment, it is determined that the object is caught when the output exceeds a predetermined value. However, when the object is soft, the output level is lowered, and instead the time constant of the output change is increased. Can be assumed. Therefore, the determination threshold value may be changed depending on the integrated value of the output or the change rate. In this case, it is possible to further prevent determination leakage and increase determination accuracy.
[0079]
  In this embodiment, when there is a pinching signal while the window glass 2 is rising, the motor 9 is reversely rotated to lower the window glass 2. However, when the window glass 2 is really pinched, FIG. Since it is known that the piezoelectric sensor 6 generates a signal corresponding to the acceleration at which the displacement is restored at the moment when the window glass 2 is lowered (that is, the moment when the sandwiching is released), another determination using this is made. A method is conceivable. For example, if the amplitude | V−Vo | is equal to or greater than a predetermined value Do, the window glass 2 is lowered by a very small amount, and if a reverse signal corresponding to the acceleration at which the displacement is restored is generated at this time, there is a real pinch. The window glass 2 is further pulled down. If a reverse signal corresponding to the acceleration at which the displacement is restored is not generated when the window glass 2 is lowered by a very small amount, it is determined that there is no pinching and the window glass 2 is raised again. In this method, when the object is not pinched but is just touched or pulled out in an instant, it can continue to rise, and has the effect of preventing false detection and excessive determination.
[0080]
  Note that there is a method of ignoring the sandwiching determination output when the position is low by using a position sensor that detects the position of the window glass 2. Since the object is actually sandwiched after the window glass 2 has risen to some extent, for example, it is difficult to think that it is dangerous even if a sandwiching signal is output just by lifting 1 cm from the fully open position. The range of the position to be determined may be determined while giving maximum consideration to safety. This method also has the effect of preventing erroneous detection and excessive determination.
[0081]
  FIG. 7 shows the displacement X given to the sensing means by the pinching, the characteristic sw of the conventional pressure sensitive switch, the output Vx when using the sensing means for generating the output corresponding to the displacement X, and the differential value of the displacement X with respect to time. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the output Va at the time of using the sensing means which produces | generates the output Vv at the time of using the sensing means which produces | generates the output according to the time, and the secondary differential value with respect to the time of the displacement X. It is assumed that time is taken on the horizontal axis in all cases, and pinching occurs at time t0.
[0082]
  The displacement X given to the sensing means is expressed as X = Xm (1−exp (−kt)) assuming that it is saturated at the maximum value Xm although it depends on the rigidity of the visor and window frame and the torque of the motor 9. If it assumes, it will become the characteristic of X of FIG.
[0083]
  Further, when a conventional pressure-sensitive switch is used as the sensing means, assuming that the gap between the pair of conductors is Xm / 2, the conductors are exchanged at time t1 at the moment when the displacement becomes Xm / 2. Since it contacts and turns from OFF to ON, it is considered to be the characteristic of sw of FIG. What is clear here is that no signal is output until time t1.
[0084]
  Next, when the sensing means that generates an output corresponding to the displacement X is used as the sensing means, assuming that the output Vx is proportional to the displacement X and the maximum output Vxm is generated at the maximum displacement Xm, Vx = Vxm (1-exp (-kt)), which is the characteristic of Vx in FIG. An output is generated after time t0. For example, if the trapping determination threshold is Vx1, determination at time t2 <t1 is possible.
[0085]
  Next, when the sensing means that generates an output corresponding to the differential value with respect to time of the displacement X is used as the sensing means, assuming that the output Vv is proportional to the time differential dX / dt of the displacement X and is the maximum output Vvm. Vv = Vvm · exp (−kt) can be set, and the characteristic of Vv in FIG. 7 is obtained. The maximum output Vvm is generated at time t0. For example, if the sandwiching determination threshold is Vv1, determination at time t3 <t2 <t1 is possible. That is, the determination can be made faster than using the sensing means that generates the output Vx according to the displacement X.
[0086]
  Next, when a sensing means that generates an output corresponding to the second derivative with respect to time of the displacement X is used as the sensing means, the output Va is proportional to the second derivative of the displacement X with respect to time and the maximum output | Vam | ( Assuming that Vam <0), Va = Vam · exp (−kt) can be obtained, and the characteristic of Va in FIG. 7 is obtained. An output Vam having the maximum amplitude is generated at time t0. For example, if the sandwiching determination threshold value is Va1, determination at time t4 <t2 <t1 is possible. That is, the determination can be made faster than using the sensing means that generates the output Vx according to the displacement X. The piezoelectric sensors 5 and 6 of this embodiment are considered to be close to sensing means that generates an output corresponding to the second order differential value.
[0087]
  Here, the difference between Vv and Va is that the amplitude Vvm includes a first-order k, whereas the amplitude Vam includes a second-order k. Therefore, if k <1, Vv can obtain a larger amplitude, and if k> 1, Va can obtain a larger amplitude. The same applies to the third-order or higher-order differential value.
[0088]
  If the determination time is advanced with a conventional pressure-sensitive switch, the gap should be narrowed. However, if the gap is too narrow, dimensional management becomes difficult and the risk of malfunction increases. Therefore, the detection means for generating an output corresponding to a given displacement, such as the present invention, particularly the detection means for generating an output corresponding to a differential value or a multi-order differential value with respect to a given displacement time. The impact on the object sandwiched can be reduced by speeding up. In particular, what is sensed by the differential value (velocity) of the displacement can be sensed even if the displacement is very small as long as the rate of change of the displacement is sufficient. Furthermore, what is sensed by the second derivative value (acceleration) of displacement can be sensed even if the velocity is very small as long as the displacement is accelerated (change in velocity).
[0089]
  In this embodiment, a piezoelectric sensor is used. However, the pressure-sensitive means is not limited to the piezoelectric sensor, and a multi-order differential value such as a given displacement, a differential value of the displacement, or a secondary differential value of the displacement is used. Any device that generates a corresponding output may be used. For example, other sensors such as a capacitance type, a pressure sensitive resistance type, and a light transmission amount detection type may be used.
[0090]
  (Example 2)
  A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0091]
  FIG. 8 is an external view of the switchgear according to the second embodiment, and relates to an electric sunroof of an automobile as an open / close part, as viewed from above. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram taken along the line CC ′ of FIG. The electric sunroof 32 as an opening / closing part has a sliding roof 33 as a moving member and a roof frame 34 as a contact member. A visor 4 is mounted on the upper peripheral edge of the roof frame 34, the visor 4 and the roof frame 34 are coupled via an elastic body 35, and a piezoelectric sensor 36 as a sensing means is disposed at the coupling site. The sliding roof 33 moves as indicated by an arrow 37. Depending on the position of the sliding roof 33, the sliding roof 33 slides between the visor 4 and the sliding roof 33, or between the elastic body 35 and the sliding roof 33, or between the sealing body 19 and the sliding body 33. Although there is a possibility that the object 20 may be sandwiched between the moving roofs 33 and the like, the sandwiching is determined based on the output of the piezoelectric sensor 36.
[0092]
  In the present embodiment, the piezoelectric sensor 36 is disposed at the coupling portion between the visor 4 and the roof frame 34, so that the force transmitted when sandwiched can be applied to the piezoelectric sensor 36 from the visor 4, the sealing body 19, the elastic body 35, and the like. This is effective because only one piezoelectric sensor is required.
[0093]
  In the present embodiment, the visor 4 and the roof frame 34 are coupled via the elastic body 35. However, when the sensitivity of the sensing means is high, a configuration without the elastic body 35 may be used. The sensing means may be arranged between the sealing member 19 and the sealing member 19. In these cases, the number of parts can be reduced.
[0094]
  (Example 3)
  A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0095]
  FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the switchgear according to the third embodiment, which configures a power window of a hard top type automobile as the switch. Since there is no window frame in a hard top type automobile, the vehicle body 38 also serves as a contact member, and the weather strip 19 and the visor 4 are mounted on the vehicle body 38. A sheet-like piezoelectric sensor 39 is attached to the free end side of the visor 4 and is protected by an edge guard 40.
[0096]
  FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of the sheet-like piezoelectric sensor 39 according to the present embodiment, and electrodes 42 and 43 are formed on both surfaces of the piezoelectric sheet 41. When high temperature durability is not required, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride film) or the like can be easily used as the piezoelectric sheet 41. In FIG. 10, the piezoelectric sensor 39 of FIG. 11 is curved and pasted by bonding or the like.
[0097]
  In the above-described embodiment, the composite piezoelectric layer and PVDF are taken as examples and the long-shaped sensing means has been described. However, for example, a configuration in which a large number of piezoelectric buzzers having a small shape are arranged may be considered. When arranging a large number, it is possible to detect the sandwiched positions.
[0098]
  In the above embodiment, the sensing means is disposed on the contact member, but may be disposed on the moving member. In the case of a power window, in particular, the moving member is on the lower side. Therefore, when an object is sandwiched, there is a high possibility that the moving member will contact the moving member before the contact member. In this case, since a signal can be output from the sensing means at the time of contact before being sandwiched, the determination can be made faster and the sandwiching can be prevented.
[0099]
  In addition, although the said Example demonstrated the case where it applied to the power window and electric sunroof of a motor vehicle, it may be used for an electric sliding door, for example, and it applies not only to a motor vehicle but to an automatic door of an elevator, a train, an airplane, or a building. Or applied to an electric shutter such as a garage or a store. In the case of an automatic door, both of the opening and closing portions may be members that move. However, when one is a moving member, the present invention can be applied if the other is considered a movable contact member.
[0100]
【The invention's effect】
  As is clear from the above embodiment, according to the invention of claim 1,An opening / closing part composed of a moving member and a contact member, and an output corresponding to the displacement given by the object being sandwiched and at least one of the contact member or the moving member, and the restoration of the displacement Sensing means for generating an output, and a judgment means for judging whether the object is caught between the moving member and the contact member based on an output due to the displacement of the sensing means and an output due to the restoration of the displacement. When an object is sandwiched, even if it is small, an output is generated as long as the displacement given to the sensing means and the restoration of the displacement are present, and the judgment of the sandwiching becomes faster and the impact on the sandwiched object can be reduced. Prevents false positives and overjudgments.
[0101]
  AlsoClaim 2According to the invention, the pinch determination device is disposed on at least one of the opening / closing portion constituted by the moving member and the contact member, the visor attached to the contact member, and the contact member or the visor. AndBy pinching objectsOutput according to given displacementAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementSensing means for generatingBy output by displacement and restoration of displacementAnd determining means for determining whether the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor based on the output, so that when the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor, the displacement given to the sensing means is small. Output can also be generated, and the object can be pinched quickly so that the impact on the sandwiched object can be reduced.At the same time, it can prevent false detection and over-judgment.
[0102]
  AlsoClaim 3According to the invention ofClaim 1 or claim 2In addition to the present invention, the sensing means is disposed on at least one of the contact member and the visor via the elastic body, so that the sensing means is easily deformed by the elastic body.And restoring the displacementCan be displacementAnd restoration of the displacementTherefore, there is an effect that the detection sensitivity is higher.
[0103]
  AlsoClaim 4According to the invention ofClaim 3In addition to this invention, the elastic body has a hollow portion, so that the sensing means is more easily deformed by the hollow portion of the elastic body.And restoring the displacementCan be displacementAnd restoration of the displacementTherefore, there is an effect that the detection sensitivity is higher.
[0104]
  AlsoClaim 5According to the invention ofClaim 2Thru4In addition to the invention according to any one of the above, the sensing means is disposed at a coupling portion between the visor and the contact member, and is displaced via the visor.And restoring the displacementTherefore, when an object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor, the sensing means is easily displaced by the displacement of the visor due to the contact load.And restoration of the displacementAt the same time, it is highly weather resistant because it is protected by the visor against wind and rain and direct sunlight.
[0105]
  AlsoClaim 6According to the invention ofClaim 2Thru4In addition to the invention of any one of the above, when the sensing means is disposed on the free end side of the visor, when an object is sandwiched between the moving member and the visor, the sensing means is easily and directly caused by the contact load. To displacementAnd restoration of the displacementThe sensing means can be easily deformed to act as a kind of elastic bodyAnd restoring the displacementCan be displacementAnd restoration of the displacementTherefore, the detection sensitivity can be increased.
[0106]
  AlsoClaim 7According to the invention ofClaim 1Thru6In addition to any one of the inventions,An object is sandwiched between the moving member that moves in the closing direction and the contact member,When the output of the sensing means exceeds a predetermined valueIf there is an output when the displacement is restored by moving the moving member in the direction opposite to the closing directionBetween moving member and visorOr between moving member and abutment memberIt is possible to easily determine whether an object has been pinched according to the output of the sensing means, and prevent erroneous determination due to vibration noise or the like that can generate an output below a predetermined value.At the same time, it can prevent false detection and over-judgment.
[0107]
  AlsoClaim 8According to the invention ofClaim 1Thru7In addition to any one of the inventions, the opening / closing device includes a driving unit that drives the moving member, and a control unit that controls the driving unit according to the determination of the pinching determination device.ComprisingWhen the pinch determination device determines that pinch is present, the control unit controls the driving unit to stop the movement of the moving member or to reverse the moving direction and move in the opening direction. whileOr between moving member and abutment memberWhen an object is sandwiched between the two, there is an effect that the sandwiching can be stopped immediately or the sandwiching can be released.
[0108]
  AlsoClaim 9According to the invention, the opening / closing device is disposed on the visor, an opening / closing portion constituted by a moving member and a contact member, a visor attached to the contact member,By pinching objectsOutput according to given displacementAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementA first sensing means for generatingBy pinching objectsOutput according to given displacementAnd output corresponding to the restoration of the displacementAn object between the moving member and the visor or between the moving member and the abutting member based on the outputs of the second sensing means for generating the first sensing means and the second sensing means Determination means for determining the pinching of the motor, driving means for driving the moving member, and control means for controlling the driving means by the determination of the determination meansComprisingIf the determination means determines that there is jamming, the control means controls the drive means to stop the movement of the moving member or to reverse the moving direction and move in the opening direction. Alternatively, even if an object is sandwiched between the moving member and the abutting member, it is possible to quickly determine the sandwiching, so that the impact on the sandwiched object can be reduced.
[0109]
  AlsoClaim 10According to the invention ofClaim 9In addition to the above invention, the second sensing means is disposed on a sealing body mounted on the periphery of the contact member, and the sealing body is for bringing the moving member and the contact member into close contact with each other in the closed state of the opening / closing device. The sensing means arranged in the sealed body is easily deformedAnd restoring the displacementCan be displaced when the object is caughtAnd restoration of the displacementIn addition to the effect that can produce the effect, there is an effect that it is not necessary to configure another elastic body.
[0110]
  AlsoClaim 11According to the invention ofClaim 8Thru10In addition to any one of the inventions, a load detection means for detecting a drive load of the drive means is provided, and the control means is a detection value detected by the load detection means when the moving member is moving in the closing direction. When the value exceeds a predetermined value, the driving means is controlled to stop the movement of the moving member or to move in the opening direction by reversing the moving direction. The pinching is also stopped by the driving load in addition to the sensing means. Therefore, it is possible to detect pinching even in an abnormal state in which one of the sensing means or the load detection means becomes defective, and it is possible to provide a double safe switchgear.
[0111]
  According to the invention of claim 12, claims 1 to11In addition to the invention of any one of the above, the opening / closing part is an automobile power window, the moving member is a window glass, and the contact member is a window frame or a vehicle body. There is an effect that it is possible to quickly determine whether the window glass is sandwiched between a visor called a side visor generally disposed in the window frame).
[0112]
  AlsoClaim 13According to the invention ofClaim 1Thru11In addition to the invention of any one of the above, when the opening / closing part is an electric sunroof of an automobile, the moving member is a sliding roof, the abutting member is a roof frame, and a visor is disposed on the roof frame of the automobile However, there is an effect that it is possible to quickly determine whether the object is caught between the sliding roof and the visor.
[0113]
  AlsoClaim 14According to the invention ofClaim 1Thru13In addition to the invention of any one of the above, the displacement provided with sensing meansAnd restoration of the displacementIt senses the differential value with respect to time, and is displacedAnd restoration of the displacementDisplacement even if is smallAnd restoration of the displacementAs long as there is a change rate (speed), it can be perceived. Some displacement of the sensing means due to object contact or pinchingAnd restoration of the displacementSince the rate of change of this occurs, there is an effect that the contact and pinching of the object can be easily detected.
[0114]
  AlsoClaim 14In addition toClaim 15According to the invention, the sensing means provided displacementAnd restoration of the displacementMulti-order differential values with respect to time, in particular of the present inventionClaim 16According to the second-order differential value (acceleration) sensing, displacementAnd restoration of the displacementIs minute and displacementAnd restoration of the displacementEven if the speed is very small, the displacementAnd restoration of the displacementAs long as there is acceleration (change in speed), it can be detected. Displacement to sensing means stopped at the moment of object contact or pinchingAnd restoration of the displacementIn other words, there is an effect that it is possible to instantaneously detect contact or pinching of an object.
[0115]
  AlsoClaim 17According to the invention ofClaim 16In addition to the invention described above, the sensing means is constituted by a piezoelectric sensor.And restoration of the displacementThe displacement can be generated by receiving the acceleration ofAnd restoration of the displacementIs minute and displacementAnd restoration of the displacementDisplacement even if the speed is very smallAnd restoration of the displacementThere is an effect that it is possible to realize a highly sensitive sensing means with respect to the acceleration.
[0116]
  AlsoClaim 18According to the invention ofClaim 17In addition to the invention, the piezoelectric sensor includes a composite piezoelectric layer including a rubber elastic body and piezoelectric ceramic powder, and a plurality of electrodes sandwiching the composite piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric sensor can be realized while having high temperature durability, so that it can have flexibility necessary for matching with a visor, a vehicle body form, etc., and high temperature durability assuming exposure to direct sunlight. effective.
[0117]
  AlsoClaim 19According to the invention ofClaim 18In addition to the invention described above, the rubber elastic body has amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene, and is flexible and has high temperature durability. With crystalline chlorinated polyethylene, there is an effect that flexibility and high temperature durability can be further enhanced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external view of a switchgear according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the visor of the same device
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the piezoelectric sensor of the same device
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of determination means of the apparatus
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing an output signal V from an FET obtained by impedance-converting the output of the piezoelectric sensor of the same device, an output J of a comparison unit in the determination means, and an applied voltage Vm to the motor.
FIG. 7 shows the displacement X given to the sensing means, the characteristic sw of the conventional pressure-sensitive switch, the output Vx when the sensing means for generating the output corresponding to the displacement X is used, and the differential value of the displacement X with respect to time. The characteristic diagram which shows the output Va at the time of using the sensing means which produces | generates the output Vv at the time of using the sensing means which generate | occur | produces the output, and the secondary differential value with respect to the time of the displacement X
FIG. 8 is an external view of a switchgear according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram taken along the line CC ′ of FIG.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a switchgear according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an external view of the piezoelectric sensor of the same device.
[Explanation of symbols]
  1 Power window (opening and closing part)
  2 Window glass (moving member)
  3 Window frame (contact member)
  4 Visor
  5, 6, 36, 39 Piezoelectric sensor (sensing means)
  7, 8 Judgment means
  9 Motor (drive means)
  10 Rotational speed sensor (load detection means)
  12 Pinching determination device
  13 Control means
  19 Weather strip (sealed body)
  20 objects
  21, 35 Elastic body
  22 Hollow part
  24 Composite Piezoelectric Layer
  32 Electric sunroof (opening / closing part)
  33 Sliding roof (moving member)
  34 Roof frame (contact member)
  38 Car body (contact member)

Claims (19)

An opening / closing part composed of a moving member and a contact member, and an output corresponding to the displacement given by the object being sandwiched and at least one of the contact member or the moving member, and the restoration of the displacement A detecting means for generating an output, and a determining means for determining whether the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the abutting member based on an output due to displacement of the sensing means and an output due to restoration of the displacement. The pinch detection device. An opening / closing portion composed of a moving member and a contact member, a visor attached to the contact member, and at least one of the contact member or the visor, and is provided with a displacement given by sandwiching an object. Sensing means for generating a corresponding output and an output corresponding to the restoration of the displacement, and an object sandwiched between the moving member and the visor based on the output due to the displacement of the sensing means and the output due to the restoration of the displacement. A pinch determination device having a determination means for determining. The pinching determination device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the sensing means is arranged on at least one of the contact member and the visor via an elastic body. The pinching determination device according to claim 3, wherein the elastic body has a hollow portion. The pinch detection device according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein the sensing means is disposed at a coupling portion between the visor and the contact member, and is configured to be displaced through the visor. The pinching determination device according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein the sensing means is arranged on the free end side of the visor. Determining means, the object is sandwiched between the moving member and the abutting member moving in the closing direction, the displacement of the moving member when the output of the sensing means exceeds a predetermined value to the closing direction by moving in the opposite direction The pinching determination according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein if there is an output when the object is restored, it is determined that an object is pinched between the moving member and the visor or between the moving member and the abutting member. apparatus. A pinch detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a driving means for driving the moving member, comprising a control means for controlling the drive means by the determination of the pinch detection device, the pinch detection device An opening / closing device configured to control the driving unit so that the control unit stops the movement of the moving member or reverses the moving direction and moves in the opening direction when it is determined that there is pinching. An opening / closing part composed of a moving member and an abutting member, a visor mounted on the abutting member, an output corresponding to a displacement provided by the object sandwiched by the object, and restoration of the displacement A first sensing means for generating an output in accordance with the second sensing means; a second sensor disposed on the abutting member and generating an output in accordance with the displacement given by the object being sandwiched and an output in accordance with the restoration of the displacement . Based on the sensing means, the output by the displacement of the first sensing means and the second sensing means, and the output by the restoration of the displacement , between the moving member and the visor or between the moving member and the contact member determination means for determining an object pinched in the driving means for driving the moving member, comprising a control means for controlling the drive means by the determination of the determination means, when said determination means determines that there is jamming, before The control means opening and closing apparatus configured to control the drive means to move moving in the opening direction by reversing the or direction of movement stops of the moving member. The opening and closing device according to claim 9, wherein the second sensing means is arranged in a sealed body attached to the periphery of the contact member. Load detecting means for detecting a driving load of the driving means, and the control means detects the moving member when the detected value detected by the load detecting means exceeds a predetermined value when the moving member is moving in the closing direction; The switchgear according to any one of claims 8 to 10 , wherein the driving unit is controlled to stop moving or to move in the opening direction by reversing the moving direction. The pinch determination device and the opening / closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the opening / closing portion is a power window of an automobile, the moving member is a window glass, and the contact member is a window frame or a vehicle body. The pinch determination device and the opening / closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the opening / closing portion is an electric sunroof of an automobile, the moving member is a sliding roof, and the contact member is a roof frame. The pinching determination device and the opening / closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 13 , wherein the sensing means senses a given displacement and a differential value with respect to a time for restoring the displacement . The pinching determination device and the switching device according to claim 14, wherein the sensing means senses a given displacement and a multi-order differential value with respect to a time for restoring the displacement . The pinching determination device and the opening / closing device according to claim 15, wherein the sensing means is configured to sense a second-order differential value (acceleration) with respect to a given displacement and a time for restoring the displacement . The pinch determination device and the opening / closing device according to claim 16 , wherein the sensing means is constituted by a piezoelectric sensor. 18. The pinching determination device and the opening / closing device according to claim 17 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor includes a composite piezoelectric layer including a rubber elastic body and piezoelectric ceramic powder, and a plurality of electrodes sandwiching the composite piezoelectric layer. 19. The pinch determination device and the opening / closing device according to claim 18 , wherein the rubber elastic body includes amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene.

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