JP3706061B2 - Oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish and oxygen supply method for cultured shellfish - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is attached to a culture trough for culturing shellfish such as oysters, oyster shellfish or scallop shells, and supplies seawater (surface water) having a large amount of dissolved oxygen to the bottom layer having a small amount of dissolved oxygen. The present invention relates to an oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish that can promote the growth of shellfish and an oxygen supply method for cultured shellfish.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When cultivating shellfish such as oysters and oyster shellfish, it is known that the growth is promoted by supplying oxygen. Conventionally, as oxygen supply means for culturing such shellfish with straw, for example, there are the following.
1. A hose is connected to a compressor installed on the ship or on the ship, and a box containing a rotating blade that mixes and stirs water and compressed air is installed at the tip of the hose, and there are many nozzles with fine holes on the box surface. Mount it, hang it in water and let it spray.
2. A hose is connected to a compressor installed on the ship, on the shore, etc., and a water pipe with an infinite number of holes is attached to the tip of the hose and hung in water, and seawater in the surface layer is taken in by a separate submersible pump. Compressed air and surface water are mixed and aerated and diffused in water.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in these means, since a mixture of oxygen and seawater is injected by a compressor provided on the ship, on the ship, etc., the bubbles are not so small (10 to 20 μm or less) that they are dissolved in seawater at 2 to 3 mm. Also, the jet pressure is weak, and therefore the growth of shellfish cannot be promoted sufficiently.
In order to promote the healthy growth of shellfish, the amount of oxygen contained in seawater (the amount of dissolved oxygen) is required to be at least 3 mg / L. Usually, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the surface water is 10 mg / L, and that in the middle water with a depth of about 4 m is 4 mg / L. Therefore, even with conventional means, the growth of shellfish cultured in these surface water and middle water is not possible. It is promoted to some extent. However, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom water at a depth of about 8 m is as small as 2 mg / L or less, and this amount of dissolved oxygen cannot be effectively increased by conventional means.
[0004]
If a large-sized compressor or a large number of compressors are used, it is possible to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer water (seawater in the bottom layer). However, if this is done, the apparatus becomes large and the maintenance cost increases, which is uneconomical.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to easily increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in bottom water and promote the growth of shellfish cultivated with the bottom water, and to provide a simple and economical oxygen supply device. It is to provide a method for supplying oxygen.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to claim 1 of the present invention is attached to a shellfish cultivation shell (7) and is mainly located in the bottom layer (L) (K ) To supply oxygen to promote its growth,
A water guide pipe (1) which is fixed to the ridge (7) and has a water intake part (1a) for taking in surface water at the upper end part, and whose lower end part reaches the lower part of the shellfish (K) located in the bottom layer part (L); A water supply propeller (2) which is provided at a lower end portion in the water conduit (1) and vigorously feeds the surface water in the water conduit (1) taken from the water intake portion (1a) downward; And a bottom plate guide (3) provided immediately below (1) and adapted to spread in the horizontal direction when surface water supplied from the water guide pipe (1) hits it.
[0007]
Moreover, the oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to claim 2 is provided with a cylinder (4) for sending high-pressure water at the upper end of the water guide pipe (1), and at the lower end of the cylinder (4). An air suction cylinder (5) for supplying outside air is connected.
[0008]
Furthermore, the oxygen supply apparatus for cultured shellfish according to claim 3 is characterized in that the bottom plate guide (3) is detachable.
[0009]
Moreover, the oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to claim 4 is provided with an opening (6a) communicating with the water conduit (1) at the upper end instead of the bottom plate guide (3), and the opening (6a) It is characterized by providing the injection body (6) which protruded the injection cylinder part (6b) which injects the said surface layer water which flowed in from (6a) in a horizontal direction.
[0010]
Still further, the cultured shellfish oxygen supply method according to claim 5 promotes the growth by supplying oxygen to the shellfish (K) located mainly in the bottom layer (L) in the shellfish culture cage (7). A way to
The water pipe (1) which has a water intake part (1a) which takes in surface water in an upper end part, and reaches the lower part of shellfish (K) located in a bottom layer part (L) is fixed to the ridge (7). A water supply propeller (2) is provided at the lower end portion in the water conduit (1) so that the surface water in the water conduit (1) taken from the water intake portion (1a) is vigorously sent downward. In addition, a bottom plate guide (3) is provided immediately below the water guide pipe (1) so that the surface layer water supplied from the water guide pipe (1) hits and diffuses in the horizontal direction.
[0011]
Moreover, the cultured shellfish oxygen supply method according to claim 6, wherein the oxalic acid solution is introduced into the water conduit pipe (1), and the oxalic acid solution is propagated downward along with the surface water to propagate the diatom. It is characterized by.
[0012]
Symbols in parentheses indicate corresponding elements or corresponding matters described in the drawings and embodiments of the invention described later.
[0013]
According to the oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to claim 1 of the present invention, the oxygen supply device for the cultured shellfish has a water intake portion that is fixed to the tub and takes in surface water at the upper end portion, and the lower end portion reaches the lower part of the shellfish located at the bottom layer portion. A water conveyance pipe, a water supply propeller that is provided at the lower end of the water conveyance pipe, and vigorously feeds the surface water in the water conveyance pipe downward, and a surface water supplied from the water conveyance pipe that is provided directly below the water conveyance pipe Since the bottom plate guide is provided so as to diffuse in the horizontal direction, dissolved oxygen contained in a large amount in the surface water can be effectively supplied to the bottom layer portion.
Therefore, the growth of shellfish located in the bottom layer can be promoted.
[0014]
In addition, by sending surface water to the bottom layer, plankton that causes red tides such as heterocaps that frequently inhabit the surface layer can also be sent to the bottom layer. Since the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer water is less than that in the surface layer water, the growth of heterocaps etc. is suppressed.
Thereby, shellfish can be protected from damage of red tide.
[0015]
In addition, since this water supply propeller is especially provided in the lower end part of the water conveyance pipe, surface layer water can be sent farther as a rotation swirl flow, and oxygen can be supplied over the wide range of a bottom layer part. By the way, if this water supply propeller is installed at the upper end of the water pipe, the flow velocity will decrease in the water pipe, and it will be subject to hydraulic resistance when discharged from the water pipe, so it will be far away as with a conventional compressor. Can't send up to.
[0016]
Moreover, since this oxygen supply apparatus is formed with the water guide pipe, the water supply propeller, and the bottom plate guide, the configuration is simple and the economy is excellent.
[0017]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect of the present invention, a cylindrical body for feeding high-pressure water is provided at the upper end portion of the water guide pipe, and the outside air is provided at the lower end portion of the cylindrical body. Since the air suction cylinder for supplying water is connected, the surface layer water and the outside air can be mixed and effectively supplied to the bottom layer portion by the pressure of the high-pressure water. As a result, more oxygen can be sent to the bottom layer. At this time, the bubbles of oxygen sent to the bottom layer are so small that they dissolve in seawater (10 to 20 μm or less).
[0018]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the operational effects of the invention described in claim 1 or 2, since the bottom plate guide is made detachable, by removing the bottom plate guide, surface water or the like can be removed. The sludge present on the seabed can be removed.
This is effective because, for example, microorganisms harmful to shellfish can be eliminated if it is performed prior to the start of shellfish culture.
[0019]
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the invention described in claim 1 or 2, the upper end portion is provided with an opening communicating with the water conduit, and the surface water flowing from the opening is Since the injection body which provided the injection cylinder part which injects in a horizontal direction was provided, surface layer water etc. can be supplied far by this injection cylinder part.
Therefore, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer can be effectively increased over a wide range.
[0020]
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 5, dissolved oxygen contained in a large amount in the surface water can be effectively supplied to the bottom layer.
Therefore, the growth of shellfish located in the bottom layer can be promoted.
[0021]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the function and effect of the invention described in claim 5, the oxalic acid solution is introduced into the water conduit and the oxalic acid solution is sent downward together with the surface layer water. The oxalic acid solution is supplied into seawater so that diatoms (plankton) are propagated.
This diatom has a very fast growth rate and consumes nutrients in seawater quickly, so heterocaps (red tide) cause nutrient competition and growth is suppressed.
Thereby, shellfish can be protected from damage of red tide.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to FIG. 1, the oxygen supply apparatus for cultured shellfish which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an oxygen supply device. The length of the water guide pipe in this apparatus is about 7 m, and the amount of surface water discharged from its lower end is 6.6 tons per minute. Moreover, the surface layer water sent by this apparatus diffuses in the bottom layer portion L to an extent exceeding the size of the ridge (10 m × 20 m). In addition, the part shown with the oblique line in a figure shows the photosynthetic water deep area with many dissolved oxygen amounts, The lower part shows the non-photosynthetic water deep area with few dissolved oxygen amounts.
[0023]
The oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached to the oyster culture ridge 7 and supplies oxygen to the oyster K located mainly in the bottom layer L to promote its growth. , A water guide pipe 1, a water supply propeller 2, and a bottom plate guide 3.
[0024]
The water guide pipe 1 is fixed to the central portion of the ridge 7, has a water intake portion 1 a that takes in surface water at the upper end portion, and has a length that reaches the lower portion of the oyster K where the lower end portion is located in the bottom layer portion L. The water supply propeller 2 is provided in the lower end part in the water conveyance pipe 1, and vigorously sends the surface layer water in the water conveyance pipe 1 taken in from the water intake part 1a downward. Further, the bottom plate guide 3 is fixed to the water guide pipe 1 directly below the water guide pipe 1 with a support plate 3a, so that the surface layer water supplied from the water guide pipe 1 hits and diffuses, and changes its direction in the horizontal direction. Is provided.
[0025]
This oxygen supply device operates as follows. First, before the operation, the inside of the water guide pipe 1 is in a state of being filled with the surface layer water that has flowed from the water intake portion 1a. When the water supply propeller 2 is rotated from this state, the surface layer water in the water guide pipe 1 is vigorously sent downward by the rotational force, and hits the bottom plate guide 3 located immediately below and is sent in the horizontal direction. At this time, new surface water sequentially flows into the water guide pipe 1 from the intake portion 1a.
[0026]
The surface layer water sent in the horizontal direction reaches every corner of the bottom layer portion L where the oyster K is located, and supplies oxygen contained in the surface layer water to the bottom layer portion L. As a result, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer water is increased to 3 mg / L or more necessary for the cultivation of oyster K, and the growth of oyster K is promoted.
[0027]
In addition, since this oxygen supply device is formed of the water guide pipe 1, the water supply propeller 2, and the bottom plate guide 3, the configuration is simple, the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost are low, and the cost is excellent.
[0028]
The inventors of the present invention conducted an experiment to test the effect of this apparatus. In this test, the apparatus of the present invention using a water supply propeller 2 with an agitation amount of 6.6 m ³ / min is attached to the shaft 7 and driven, and the amount of dissolved oxygen at each water depth is measured at a location away from the water conduit 1. It was measured.
[0029]
The apparatus of the present invention was attached to the anchor 7 and driven for 5 minutes. As a result of measurement at a location 1 m away from the water guide pipe 1, the dissolved oxygen amount at the depth of 8 m which is the bottom layer L was from 2.31 mg / L to 6.60 mg / L. In addition, at a water depth of 7 m, which is also the bottom layer L, it increased from 2.20 mg / L to 4.30 mg / L, respectively. In addition, it remained at 4.60 mg / L at the water depth of 5 m which is the middle layer portion M, and changed from 10.25 mg / L to 10.00 mg / L at the water depth of 2 m which was almost the surface layer portion H.
[0030]
Further, the apparatus of the present invention was attached to the anchor 7 and driven for 60 minutes. As a result of measurement at a location 5 m away from the water guide pipe 1, the amount of dissolved oxygen at a depth of 8 m, which is the bottom layer L, was 2.5 mg / L to 4.13 mg / L. In addition, at a water depth of 7 m which is also the bottom layer portion L, it increased from 3 mg / L to 4.55 mg / L. In addition, it changed from 4.3 mg / L to 5.95 mg / L in the water depth of 5 m which is the middle layer part M.
[0031]
From this experiment, it was confirmed that when the apparatus of the present invention was used, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer L greatly increased beyond the value (3 mg / L) required for oyster K culture.
[0032]
With reference to FIG. 2 thru | or FIG. 4, the oxygen supply apparatus for cultured shellfish which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state in which the oxygen supply device is provided in the basket 7. FIG. 3 is a front view showing this oxygen supply device, FIG. 4 (a) is a partially enlarged front view thereof, and FIG. 4 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4 (a).
[0033]
The feature of this apparatus is that a cylindrical body 4 for sending high-pressure water is provided at the upper end portion of the water guide pipe 1, and an air suction cylinder 5 for supplying outside air is connected to the lower end portion of the cylindrical body 4. The uppermost end of the water guide pipe 1 and the upper ends of the cylinder 4 and the air suction cylinder 5 protrude upward from the sea surface S. When high-pressure water is sent from the cylinder 4 into the water guide pipe 1, outside air flows from the air suction cylinder 5 by the suction action. Further, the surface layer water in the water guide pipe 1 is sent more strongly downward by the pressure, and after colliding with the bottom plate guide 3, it is diffused in a wider range. Therefore, oxygen in the outside air and oxygen in the surface water are supplied in abundance to the bottom layer L, and the growth of oyster K is promoted very smoothly. At this time, the bubbles of oxygen sent to the bottom layer portion L are so small that they are dissolved in seawater (10 to 20 μm or less). As the high-pressure water, it is preferable to use surface water with a large amount of dissolved oxygen.
[0034]
The bottom plate guide 3 can be freely removed from the water guide pipe 1. When the water supply propeller 2 is rotated with the bottom plate guide 3 removed, the surface water collides with the sludge D on the seabed, and the sludge D is scattered and removed. As a result, the bottom of the sea where the ridges 7 are located can be cleaned, and the growth of oysters K can be promoted.
[0035]
With reference to FIG. 5, the oxygen supply apparatus for cultured shellfish which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. Fig.5 (a) is a front view which shows an oxygen supply apparatus, FIG.5 (b) is the BB sectional drawing in Fig.5 (a).
[0036]
The feature of this oxygen supply device is that an injection body 6 is provided in place of the bottom plate guide 3. The injection body 6 has an opening 6a communicating with the water guide pipe 1 at its upper end, and four injection cylinders 6b for injecting the surface layer water flowing in from the opening 6a in the horizontal direction at equal intervals. Has been established.
Accordingly, the surface layer water sent downward by the water supply propeller 2 is limited in its injection direction by the injection cylinder portion 6b, so that the momentum continues and reaches farther than the case of the bottom plate guide 3. Thereby, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer portion L can be increased over a wide range.
Here, although four injection cylinder parts 6b are provided, it is not limited to the number, For example, you may make it extend one injection cylinder part 6b to a desired position.
[0037]
In any of the oxygen supply apparatuses according to the first embodiment to the third embodiment, the water guide pipe 1 can be used not only for feeding surface water but also for introducing an oxalic acid solution. .
This is a method of supplying oxygen to the shellfish K located mainly in the bottom layer portion L of the ridge 7 to promote its growth, and the ridge 7 has a water intake portion 1a for taking in surface water at the upper end, The water pipe 1 that reaches the lower part of the shellfish K whose lower end is located in the bottom layer L is fixed, the water supply propeller 2 is provided at the lower end of the water pipe 1, and the surface layer in the water pipe 1 taken from the water intake 1a Cultured shellfish oxygen supply method in which water is sent vigorously downward and a bottom plate guide 3 is provided directly under the water guide pipe 1 so that the surface layer water supplied from the water guide pipe 1 hits and diffuses horizontally. The oxalic acid solution is introduced into the water guide pipe 1 and the oxalic acid solution is sent downward together with the surface water.
Thus, by introducing the oxalic acid solution and supplying it into seawater, diatoms can be grown to suppress the growth of heterocaps causing red tide, and oyster K can be protected from the damage of heterocaps.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
According to the oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to claim 1 of the present invention, it is possible to effectively supply dissolved oxygen contained in a large amount in the surface water and abundant plankton by photosynthesis to the bottom layer portion.
Therefore, the growth of shellfish located in the bottom layer can be promoted. Moreover, since this oxygen supply apparatus is formed with the water guide pipe, the water supply propeller, and the bottom plate guide, the configuration is simple and the economy is excellent.
[0039]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the function and effect of the invention described in claim 1, the cylindrical body and the air suction cylinder are provided at the upper end portion of the water guide pipe. Surface water and outside air can be effectively supplied to the bottom layer. As a result, more oxygen can be sent to the bottom layer, and the growth of shellfish can be further promoted.
[0040]
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the operational effect of the invention described in claim 1 or 2, since the bottom plate guide is made detachable, the surface layer water is applied to the seabed and is present there. Sludge can be removed. Thereby, microorganisms etc. harmful to shellfish can be excluded and the growth can be promoted.
[0041]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 4, since the injection body is provided in addition to the invention described in claim 1 or 2, surface water or the like can be supplied far by the injection cylinder portion. Thereby, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer can be effectively increased over a wide range, and the growth of shellfish can be promoted over a wide range.
[0042]
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 5, dissolved oxygen contained in a large amount in the surface water can be effectively supplied to the bottom layer.
Therefore, the growth of shellfish located in the bottom layer can be promoted.
[0043]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the function and effect of the invention described in claim 5, the oxalic acid solution is introduced into the water conduit and the oxalic acid solution is sent downward together with the surface layer water. In addition, since the oxalic acid solution is supplied into the seawater so that the diatoms are propagated, the shellfish can be protected from damage caused by the red tide, and the growth can be further promoted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of an oxygen supply device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state in which a second embodiment of the oxygen supply device according to the present invention is attached to a bag.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
4 shows the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, in which (a) is a partially enlarged front view, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in (a).
5A and 5B show a third embodiment of the oxygen supply device according to the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a front view, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water guide pipe 1a Water intake part 2 Water supply propeller 3 Bottom plate guide 3a Support plate 4 Cylinder body 5 Air suction cylinder 6 Injection body 6a Opening part 6b Injection cylinder part 7 筏 D Sludge H Surface layer part K Shellfish (oyster)
L Bottom layer M Middle layer S Sea level

Claims (6)

A device that is attached to a shell for shellfish cultivation and that supplies oxygen to shellfish located mainly in the bottom layer to promote its growth,
A water conduit that is fixed to the ridge and has a water intake portion that takes in surface water at the upper end, and the lower end reaches the lower part of the shellfish located in the bottom layer,
A water supply propeller that is provided at the lower end in the water pipe and that vigorously feeds the surface layer water in the water pipe taken from the water intake portion downward,
An oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish, comprising: a bottom plate guide that is provided directly below the water guide pipe, and is adapted to allow the surface layer water supplied from the water guide pipe to strike and diffuse horizontally. The cultured shellfish according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical body for sending high-pressure water is provided at an upper end portion of the water conduit, and an air suction cylinder for supplying outside air is connected to the lower end portion of the cylindrical body. Oxygen supply device. The oxygen supply device for cultured shellfish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom plate guide is detachable. Instead of the bottom plate guide, an upper end portion is provided with an opening communicating with the water guide pipe, and an injection body provided with a projecting cylindrical portion for injecting the surface water flowing in from the opening portion in the horizontal direction is provided. The oxygen supply apparatus for cultured shellfish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein In a shell for shellfish cultivation, it is a method of supplying oxygen to shellfish located mainly in the bottom layer portion to promote its growth,
In addition to having a water intake portion that takes in surface water at the upper end portion, the water pipe that reaches the lower part of the shellfish located at the bottom layer portion is fixed, and a water supply propeller is provided at the lower end portion in the water conduit. The surface water in the water pipe taken in from the water intake section is vigorously sent downward, and a bottom plate guide is provided directly below the water pipe, so that the surface water supplied from the water pipe hits in the horizontal direction. An oxygen supply method for cultured shellfish, characterized by being diffused. 6. The oxygen supply method for cultured shellfish according to claim 5, wherein oxalic acid is introduced into the water guide pipe and diatom is propagated by sending the oxalic acid solution downward along with the surface water.

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