JP3704824B2 - Keyboard instrument fingering pattern determination device and melody determination device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention determines a playing method such as fingering when playing a melody, and can determine an appropriate melody that can be played with this fingering when a predetermined fingering pattern is given. The present invention relates to a performance method determination device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-261750 discloses an apparatus for automatically giving a fingering pattern to a given melody when playing it on a keyboard. This device has a pitch difference between the previous sound and the current sound in the melody, which type of white key / black key the previous sound and the current sound are, and the pitch of the previous sound and the current sound. A function that determines the finger number suitable for playing each sound of the melody based on the direction of change of the sound, the pitch difference between the current sound and the next sound, the key type of the current sound, the finger A function is provided for determining a finger number suitable for playing the next sound based on the number.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the above-described conventional apparatus, it is possible to perform fingering that is optimal to some extent according to the above-mentioned rules, but it has not been possible to give completely optimal fingering to all sounds. However, when a beginner is practicing fingering, practicing wrong (non-optimal) fingering may hinder their progress and may adversely affect them. It was dangerous to do.
[0004]
Also, when beginners practice fingering, various different melodies may be practiced with the same fingering pattern, but there has been no device that can give such different melodies to players. .
[0005]
The present invention provides a performance method determination device that can give an optimum fingering to any melody and can give a melody that can be played with this fingering pattern by designating the fingering pattern. The purpose is to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The invention according to claim 1 of this application is a case where a plurality of types of melody composed of a pitch data sequence of a plurality of notes and the melody are playedLuckFinger patternMultiple typesA fingering pattern determination table that is pre-determined and stored in association with each melody;
  MeA melody input means for inputting lodi;
  A melody dividing means for dividing the inputted melody into interval melody composed of a pitch data sequence of plural sounds;
A fingering pattern determining means for determining a fingering pattern for each section melody, wherein the plurality of types of fingerings are referred to by referring to the pitch data of the last sound of the section and the first pitch data of the next section. Fingering pattern means for determining an optimal fingering pattern from patternsIt is provided with.
[0007]
  The invention of claim 2 of this application isThe fingering pattern determination table defines a plurality of melodies composed of a plurality of sounds whose lowest sounds are C and C #, and a normal table storing fingering patterns for each melody, and the lowest sound is D. Melody including F # sound, melody including lowest sound E and G # sound, melody including lowest sound F and A # sound, lowest sound D # and F # sound A special table that stores a fingering pattern for each melody, each of which defines a plurality of melody including F # and A # sound,SaidFingering pattern determinationMeansWhen the input melody exists in the special table, the fingering pattern stored in the special table corresponding to the melody is determined as the fingering pattern of the melody, and the input melody is the special table. If not, the keyboard position is shifted so that the lowest note is C or C #, and the fingering pattern stored in the normal table corresponding to the shifted melody is changed to the fingering of this melody. Decide as a patternIt is characterized by that.
[0010]
  Claims in this application3According to the invention, a plurality of types of fingering patterns and one or more melodies that can be played by each fingering pattern are stored in association with each other, and a fingering pattern input unit that inputs a fingering pattern is input. And a melody determination means for outputting a melody that can be played with the fingering pattern by searching the melody determination table with the fingering pattern.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument having a fingering / melody determining function to which the present invention is applied. This electronic musical instrument performs three modes of operation: normal mode, fingering determination mode, and melody determination mode. The normal mode is an operation for generating a musical sound by driving the tone generator circuit 24 in accordance with performance data input from the keyboard 20 or another MIDI device 30. The fingering determination mode is the designation of an optimum finger when playing this melody on the keyboard 20 for a short melody (pitch data sequence of about 5 sounds) input from the keyboard 20 or another MIDI device 30. This is an operation for giving a fingering pattern. This fingering pattern is displayed on the display circuit 2 together with the melody.3A staff notation is displayed. In the melody determination mode, when a fingering pattern is given from the switch group 22 or the external MIDI device 30, an appropriate melody that can be played with the fingering pattern is calculated and displayed on the display circuit 23 as a staff.
[0012]
In FIG. 1, a CPU 10, which controls the overall operation of the electronic musical instrument, has a ROM 11, a RAM 12, a timer 13, a hard disk drive (HDD) 14, a floppy disk drive (FDD) 15, a CD-ROM drive 16, and a MIDI interface via a bus. 17, a communication interface 18, a key press detection circuit 19, a switch detection circuit 21, a display circuit 23, a sound source circuit 24, and an effect circuit 25 are connected. A keyboard 20 is connected to the key press detection circuit 19. A switch group 22 is connected to the switch detection circuit 21. Further, another MIDI device 30 is connected to the MIDI interface 17. Further, the communication interface 18 is connected to the server computer 32 via the communication network 31.
[0013]
The ROM 11 stores a program for controlling basic operations of the electronic musical instrument. The RAM 12 is set with storage areas necessary for executing each mode operation, such as a melody storage area and a fingering pattern storage area. When the processing program is read from the HDD 14, FDD 15 or CD-ROM 16 and executed, the reading area is secured in a predetermined area of the RAM 12.
[0014]
The hard disk drive 14, the floppy disk drive 15, and the CD-ROM drive 16 are devices that perform data read / write (CD-ROM is read only) with respect to the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM, which are storage media, respectively. These storage media have areas for storing data such as processing programs, fingering determination tables, and melody determination tables, and the CPU 10 reads them into the RAM 12 for execution as necessary, or these storage media Direct access to and use this. An external MIDI device 30 such as a sequencer or a MIDI controller is connected to the MIDI interface 17. From these MIDI devices 30, a pitch data string representing a melody, a finger number string representing a fingering pattern, and the like are input. The communication interface 18 is connected to the server computer 32 via the communication network 31. The server computer 32 downloads a fingering determination mode, a processing program for the melody determination mode, a fingering determination table, a melody determination table, and the like. Is done. The downloaded program and data are temporarily stored in the RAM 12 and then written in the HDD 14.
[0015]
As described above, the fingering determination mode processing program, the melody determination mode processing program, the fingering determination table, and the melody determination table of the electronic musical instrument are stored in any storage medium such as the ROM 11, the HDD 14, the FDD 15, and the CD-ROM 16. When stored in a memory other than the ROM 11, the processing program is read into the RAM 12 and executed, and the table is used by directly accessing the storage medium. The fingering determination mode processing program, the melody determination mode processing program, the fingering determination table, and the melody determination table can be downloaded from the server computer 32. In this case, the downloaded program and table data are stored in the HDD 14. Saved in.
[0016]
The timer 13 is a timer used when a melody having a determined fingering pattern is instructed to finger at a predetermined tempo, and the progression speed of the music is controlled by this timer.
[0017]
The keyboard 20 has a key number of about 5 octaves (61 keys), and has a switch sensor for detecting on / off, key pressing speed, and pressing force after key pressing for each key. On / off of these switches / sensors and detected values are detected by the key depression detection circuit 19 and input to the CPU 10. The switch group 22 inputs a tone color selection switch for selecting a tone color of a musical tone generated by the tone generator circuit 24, a mode selection switch for selecting a mode such as a normal mode, a fingering determination mode, a melody determination mode, and a fingering pattern. 5 fingering input switches (1: thumb, 2: index finger, 3: middle finger, 4: ring finger, 5: little finger), the next melody switch used in the melody determination mode, and the like. The display circuit 23 is composed of an LCD matrix display, and displays a melody in a staff notation and a finger number assigned to each note in the fingering determination mode or the melody determination mode.
[0018]
The tone generator circuit 24 is a circuit that forms a musical tone signal based on sound generation data such as tone color data and pitch data input from the CPU 10. The musical tone signal formed by the tone generator circuit 24 is input to the effect circuit 25. The effect circuit 25 gives an effect such as reverb to the musical sound signal. The musical tone signal to which the effect is given by the effect circuit 25 is input to the sound system 26. The sound system 26 converts the input digital musical sound signal into an analog signal, and then amplifies and emits the sound.
[0019]
FIG. 2 shows a fingering determination table stored in the electronic musical instrument. In this electronic musical instrument, an appropriate fingering pattern can be given to a melody of up to five sounds in the pitch range of C3 to C4. For this reason, in this table, a plurality of types (three types) of optimum fingering patterns corresponding to the pitch data strings of all combinations of five sounds composed of C3 to C4 and rests are stored. In the three fingering patterns, when the last note of this melody (section) and the first note of the next melody have the same pitch, the first note of the next melody is higher than the last note of this melody. Is higher than the last sound of this melody, the fingering pattern is suitable when the pitch of the first sound of the next melody is lower.
[0020]
The number of combinations is 578823, excluding the case where all are rests from the overlapping permutations of C3 to C4 and rests of five sounds. In this embodiment, the number of sounds is limited to 5 and the pitch is limited to the range of C3 to C4. However, the melody that gives the fingering pattern is not limited to this range. When this is configured in a table, the melody (pitch data string) is regularly arranged so as to rise one by one from C3 as shown in the figure, so even if this melody is not stored in the table. It is possible to determine which melody area corresponds to the memory address. Therefore, since three types of fingering patterns (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are stored for each melody, about 24 megabits = about 3 megabytes in 3 bits × 5 sounds × 3 × 537823 types.
[0021]
Note that the fingering pattern written in this fingering determination table may be written by the operator who creates the data by himself / herself. May be created by a semi-automatic method in which the operator corrects the error.
[0022]
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the electronic musical instrument in the fingering determination mode. First, the melody sound string is input to the melody storage area of the RAM 12 (s1). This melody tone string may be input from the keyboard 20 or the external MIDI device 30, or may be read from what is already stored on a floppy disk or the like. Further, the length of the melody sound sequence is not limited to 5 sounds. The input melody tone string is divided into sections of up to 5 tones (s2). This break is a maximum of 5 notes, but may be separated by a long rest, a bar line, or a point where the pitch jumps greatly. And the number of 0-n is attached to the divided area. Then, i indicating the section number is set to 0 (s3). The pitch data string of section i is read (s4), and at least the first pitch data of the pitch data string of the next (i + 1) section is read (s5). A column corresponding to the pitch data string of the section i is searched from the fingering determination table, and the last pitch data of the section i is compared with the first pitch data of the section i + 1 from the three types of fingering patterns. An appropriate one is selected (s6). The fingering pattern determined by this process is written in the fingering pattern storage area of the RAM 12 (s7). The fingering determination operation from s4 to s7 is repeatedly executed until i = n (s8, s9). Thereby, a fingering pattern for a melody for one song can be given.
[0023]
Then, after performing this fingering determination operation for the sections 0 to n, the contents of the melody storage area and the fingering pattern storage area are expanded into a staff score (s10), which is output to the display circuit 23 and displayed (s11). . Alternatively, the data in the melody storage area and the data in the fingering pattern storage area may be edited into sequence data and written on a floppy disk or output to an external MIDI device 30 such as a sequencer. In this case, the sequence data may have a two-track configuration of a melody track and a fingering data track, or may have a configuration in which pitch data and fingering pattern data are written in one track.
[0024]
Further, by providing LEDs corresponding to the respective keys of the keyboard 20 in front of the keyboard 20, it is possible to perform a key-on guide using the fingering pattern. In this case, the melody data is sequenced, the LED of the key corresponding to the read pitch data is turned on to indicate the key to be turned on, and at the same time, the finger to press the key is announced such as “thumb” You can make a voice announcement. In addition, a finger to be pressed may be displayed on a display device such as an LCD provided separately, and the display form is arbitrary.
[0025]
  FIG. 4 is a view showing a fingering determination table according to another embodiment of the present invention. This fingering determination table has a data amount smaller than that of the fingering determination table of FIG. This table stores a fingering pattern for a melody having a reference pitch, and the amount of data is reduced by shifting the input section melody to the reference pitch and performing the fingering pattern. For example, since the fingering of CDE is the same as that of DEF, when a pitch data string of DEF is input, this is shifted to CDE, and the table corresponding to DEF is omitted by reading the fingering pattern. It is to do.
[0026]
A specific configuration will be described. For the melody group (basic C) whose lowest note is C3 (simply indicated as C in the figure), that is, for the melody group including C3, fingering patterns are stored for all the melody in the group ((1) in the figure) ). In addition, for a melody group (basic C #) whose lowest note is C # 3 (simply referred to as C # in the figure), that is, a melody group that includes C # 3 and does not include C3, all melody in the group Memorize fingering patterns. For the other pitch data strings, the fingering pattern is stored as a special melody only for those whose lowest tone cannot be shifted to C3 or C # 3 ((3) to (7)).
[0027]
For example, if the lowest note is D and a melody including F # is shifted to C, F # is shifted to a black key of E # that does not exist on the keyboard. Not included in the group. Therefore, such a melody is stored in the table as a special melody. All such special melodies are listed as follows: (3) Melody (D-F #) with lowest note D and F #, (4) Melody (E-G #) with lowest note E and G #, (5) Melody (F-A #) containing F # with lowest note F, (6) Melody (D # -F #) containing F # with lowest note D #, (7) Lowest note is F # And melody including A # (F # -A #).
[0028]
By adopting such a table configuration, the number of fingering patterns to be stored is 90,000 (compared with a method of storing three types of fingering patterns corresponding to all patterns of melody as shown in FIG. (30,000 × 3 types) can be reduced. One fingering pattern is composed of five fingerings, and one fingering is composed of 3-bit data, so that the data amount can be reduced by about 1500 kilobits. Increasing the pitch range and number of melody increases the amount of data reduction.
[0029]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation when the fingering determination table of FIG. 4 is used. First, the melody sound string is input to the melody storage area of the RAM 12 (s20). This melody tone string may be input from the keyboard 20 or the external MIDI device 30, or may be read from what is already stored on a floppy disk or the like. Further, the length of the melody sound sequence is not limited to 5 sounds. The input melody tone string is divided into sections of up to 5 tones (s21). This break is a maximum of 5 notes, but may be separated by a long rest, a bar line, or a point where the pitch jumps greatly. Then, 0 to n are assigned to the divided sections, and i indicating the section number is set to 0 (s22).
[0030]
Next, the pitch data string of the section i is read (s23), and it is determined whether the lowest tone of the section melody is C (s24). If the lowest tone of the section melody is C, the fingering pattern is always stored in the table {circle over (1)}. Therefore, a predetermined optimum fingering pattern is read from the column {circle around (1)} of the fingering determination table and the RAM 12 Is stored in the fingering pattern storage area (s32 → s42). If the lowest sound is not C, it is determined whether the lowest sound of the section melody is C # (s25). If the lowest note of the section melody is C #, the fingering pattern is always stored in the table (2), so a predetermined optimum fingering pattern is read from the column (2) of the fingering determination table. The data is stored in the fingering pattern storage area of the RAM 12 (s33 → s42).
[0031]
If the lowest sound of the section melody is neither C nor C #, is this section melody a melody including D # and F # (s26), or a minimum melody including E # and G # (s26)? s27) Whether the lowest sound is F and a melody including A # (s28), whether the lowest sound is a D # and melody including F # (s29), or the lowest sound is a melody including F # and A # It is determined whether there is (s30). If the lowest note is D and a melody including F # (s26), the fingering pattern most suitable for this melody is read out from the column (3) (D-F #) of the fingering determination table. Store in the pattern storage area (s34 → s42). If the lowest tone is E and a melody including G # (s27), the fingering pattern optimum for this melody is read from the column (4) (E-G #) of the fingering determination table, and the fingering is performed. Store in the pattern storage area (s35 → s42). If the lowest note is F and a melody including A # (s28), the fingering pattern most suitable for this melody is read from the column (5) (F-A #) of the fingering determination table. Store in the pattern storage area (s36 → s42). If the lowest note is D # and a melody including F # (s29), an optimum fingering pattern for this melody is read from the column (6) (D # -F #) of the fingering determination table. The data is stored in the fingering pattern storage area (s37 → s42). If the lowest note is F # and a melody including A # (s30), an optimum fingering pattern for this melody is read from the column (7) (F # -A #) of the fingering determination table. The data is stored in the fingering pattern storage area (s38 → s42). The fingering determination operation from s23 to s42 is repeatedly executed until i = n (s43, s44). Thereby, a fingering pattern for a melody for one song can be given.
[0032]
Then, after performing the fingering determination operation for the sections 0 to n, the contents of the melody storage area and the fingering pattern storage area are expanded into a staff notation (s45), which is output to the display circuit 23 and displayed (s46). . Alternatively, the data in the melody storage area and the data in the fingering pattern storage area may be edited into sequence data and written on a floppy disk or output to an external MIDI device 30 such as a sequencer.
[0033]
Further, as in the embodiment of FIG. 3, an LED may be provided on the keyboard 20 to perform a key-on guide operation. Alternatively, the melody of the next section may be read out in the same manner as the operation of FIG. 3, and one of three fingering patterns may be selected based on the pitch difference from the head sound of the next section.
[0034]
Next, the melody determination mode will be described. The function of the melody determination mode is used to familiarize the fingering by playing various melody with the fingering when a beginner practices a specific fingering.
[0035]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a melody determination table for determining a melody that can be played with a predetermined fingering pattern. FIG. 2A shows a general melody determination table. This table stores all types of fingering patterns, for example, all the fingering patterns 11111 to 55555 in the case of five sounds, and stores one or more types of melodies that can be played with that fingering pattern. Yes. For example, melody such as CCCCC or DDDDD is stored corresponding to the 11111 fingering pattern. In addition, for four sounds, three sounds, and two sounds, one to plural kinds of melody that can be played with all fingering patterns are stored.
[0036]
FIG. 5B shows an example of a melody determination table stored in another area depending on whether or not a melody is played with the same fingering pattern. Finger penetration is a technique in which a thumb passes under the middle finger or index finger to play a rising sound string, and finger straddle is a technique in which a middle finger or index finger straddles over the thumb to play a descending sound string. In the example shown in the figure, CCCC and the like are stored as a melody without finger penetration (finger strangling) with a fingering pattern of 11112, and DDDDC # and the like are stored as a melody with finger penetration (finger strangling). Generally, when the pitch is increased, the finger number is decreased (2 → 1, 3 → 1, etc.), and the finger number is increased. When the pitch is decreased, the finger number is increased. If it is present (1 → 2, 1 → 3, etc.), it is considered that the fingers are straddling.
[0037]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the melody determination mode. First, a fingering pattern is input and stored in the fingering pattern storage area of the RAM 12 (s50). The fingering pattern may be input by inputting a finger number of 1 to 5 from a fingering input switch, or one previously stored in a storage medium such as a floppy disk may be read.
[0038]
Alternatively, a melody may be input from the keyboard 20 or the like, and a fingering pattern for playing this melody may be determined by the above fingering determination mode operation to replace this fingering pattern input. For example, if a C, D, E, F, G melody is input from the keyboard 20, the fingering determination mode operation determines 12345 as the optimal fingering pattern for this melody, and this fingering pattern is determined as s50. It is assumed that the fingering pattern is input. In addition, when the melody determination table is a table (FIG. 6B) that distinguishes the presence or absence of finger pegs / finger spans, the designation of the presence or absence of finger pegs / finger spans is also performed here.
[0039]
Next, the melody determination table is searched with the input fingering pattern (s51). If there is a corresponding melody (s52), an appropriate one is selected and output (s53). This output is, for example, an operation of writing as a pitch data string in the melody storage area of the RAM 12 and displaying the musical score on the display circuit 23 together with fingering.
[0040]
If the user wants to play a different melody with the same fingering pattern after playing this melody, the next melody switch is turned on (s54). In this case, returning from s54 to s51, the melody determination table is searched again, and a melody different from the melody selected in the previous operation is selected and output (s53).
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since a plurality of types of melody composed of pitch data strings of a plurality of sounds and a fingering pattern are stored correspondingly in the fingering pattern determination table, what kind of melody is given However, it is possible to determine the optimum fingering pattern corresponding to it with easy processing. Therefore, even if a beginner uses this apparatus, practice with the wrong fingering pattern does not hinder progress.
  Further, according to the present invention, the input melody is divided for each phrase, and the fingering pattern is determined for each section melody, so that the fingering pattern determination table shows the luck to each section melody. It is only necessary to memorize the finger pattern, and even if it is a long melody, it is possible to determine the fingering pattern for each section melody, so it is possible to determine the fingering pattern of a long melody with a small capacity fingering pattern determination table it can.
  Furthermore, according to the present invention, when determining the fingering pattern for each section melody, the optimum fingering pattern is determined by referring to the melody of the next section, so that each section melody can be determined separately. Even when the fingering pattern is determined, it is possible to determine a smooth fingering pattern that is connected as a whole.
[0043]
  According to the invention of claim 2,If the input melody corresponds to the special table, the special table is read to determine the fingering pattern. If the input melody does not exist in the special table, the lowest note is C or C #. By shifting the keyboard position so that it becomes, after reading the normal table and determining the fingering pattern,There is no need to memorize all fingering patterns for various pitched melodies,Fingering patternThe capacity of the decision table can be reduced.
[0046]
  Claim3According to the invention, since a fingering pattern is given to select and output a melody that can be played with this fingering pattern, when a beginner or the like practice a specific fingering pattern, he / she thinks about the melody This eliminates the need for practice efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument having a fingering pattern determination function and a melody determination function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a fingering determination table for the electronic musical instrument
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation in a fingering determination mode of the electronic musical instrument.
FIG. 4 is a view showing another example of the fingering determination table of the electronic musical instrument
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing another operation of the fingering determination mode of the electronic musical instrument.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a melody determination table for the electronic musical instrument
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the melody determination mode of the electronic musical instrument.
[Explanation of symbols]
20 ... Keyboard, 22 ... Switch group, 23 ... Display circuit

Claims (3)

A plurality of types of melodies consisting of pitch data string of plural tones, and fingering pattern determination table storing fingering pattern multiple types previously indexed by association with the respective melody when playing the melody,
And melody input means for inputting a melody,
A melody dividing means for dividing the inputted melody into interval melody composed of a pitch data sequence of plural sounds;
A fingering pattern determining means for determining a fingering pattern for each section melody, wherein the plurality of types of fingerings are referred to by referring to the pitch data of the last sound of the section and the first pitch data of the next section. A fingering pattern determination device for a keyboard instrument, comprising fingering pattern means for determining an optimal fingering pattern from among the patterns. The fingering pattern determination table defines a plurality of melody composed of a plurality of sounds whose lowest sounds are C and C #, and a normal table storing a fingering pattern for each melody,
Melody with lowest sound D and F # sound, melody with lowest sound E and G # sound, melody with lowest sound F and A # sound, lowest sound D # A plurality of melody including F # sound and a minimum number of F # melody including A # sound, and a special table storing fingering patterns for each melody,
The fingering pattern determining means determines the fingering pattern stored in the special table corresponding to the melody as the fingering pattern of the melody when the input melody exists in the special table,
If the input melody does not exist in the special table, the keyboard position is shifted so that the lowest note is C or C #, and the operation stored in the normal table corresponding to the shifted melody. 2. The fingering pattern determination device for a keyboard instrument according to claim 1, wherein the finger pattern is determined as a fingering pattern of the melody. A melody determination table that stores a plurality of types of fingering patterns and one or more melodies that can be played with each fingering pattern in association with each other;
A fingering pattern input means for inputting a fingering pattern;
By searching the melody determination table with the input fingering pattern, melody determination means for outputting a melody that can be played with the fingering pattern;
A melody determination device characterized by comprising:

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