【0001】
【発明が属する技術の分野】
本発明は木製支柱(18)の保護防腐朽工法と、これを施した木造構築物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の木製支柱(18)は、木材(2)が腐朽し易いと云う観点から、防腐剤(4)で全木材を、直接塗布することや長時間防腐剤(4)に浸漬したり特殊な装置で防腐剤(4)を加圧注入すること等であった。従来の木造構築物の防腐朽処理は、木材全体に防腐剤(4)を、直接塗布することや浸漬或いは加圧注入すること及び、木材の代わりに金属類を材料として施工していた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
木材(2)は、自然の環境や景観に優れた特徴をもつ材料であるが、耐腐朽性の問題や防腐剤の環境に対する影響及び、防腐処理が高価であることが課題であった。今日における木製支柱(18)の耐腐朽性向上に使用される防腐剤(4)は、動物や植物に対する安全性は、改善されつつあるものの、未だ自然環境への影響に対しては充分に解決できていないし、高価である。木造構築物に於いては防腐剤を、全木材に塗布することや浸漬あるいは加圧注入等の防腐朽処理を施して居り、耐腐朽性は向上するが、経年的に雨水や気象変化等の自然現象に依って、防腐剤(4)の溶脱が生じ、自然環境に悪影響を及ぼすと共に耐腐朽性が減少し又、費用が高価であった。この為、防腐剤(4)の溶脱を防止することと、耐腐朽効果を高めることや、防腐剤(4)の使用量の節減等で、環境対策や費用の節減が課題であった。
【0004】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
木材(2)は適切な乾燥状態を保たれて居れば、永い間腐朽し難いことは、古い木造建築物で実証されていることに基き、腐朽し易い部分のみを保護防腐朽工法を施すことを考えた。前記課題を解決するため、木製支柱(18)の特に腐朽され易い地中部(6)及び地上地際部(7)即ち支柱脚部(11)を、地中(26)や根巻コンクリート(14)及び地面(15)や水中の地中部(28)に設置するとき、支柱脚部(11)を、金属や合成樹脂等の固形の底付保護材(1)で包囲し、これと木製支柱(18)との間に空隙(3)を設け、この空隙(3)に防腐剤(4)を注入し、その頂部(9)をコーキング材(10)にて塞ぐことに依り、防腐剤(4)が自然環境に溶脱することを防ぐと同時に、木製支柱(18)の内芯部に含浸して行き、耐腐朽効果を高める。必要に応じコーキング材(10)を削り頂部(9)から防腐剤(4)を補充することも出来る。木造構築物に於いても上記工法を木製支柱(18)の支柱脚部(11)に施すことで、今日迄のように金属製で構築物を設置したり、全木材を防腐処理しなくても充分に耐久性の向上を図ることが出来、自然景観を保ち乍ら自然環境にも悪影響を与えず、低コストで当初の課題を解決出来る。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
発明の実施の形態を実施例に基づき、図面を参照として説明する。図1、図2は、後述する図5〜図7に示す実施例の各断面図を示し、図3は図1又は図2のA−A’線の断面図である。図3に於いて木製支柱(18)の支柱脚部(11)は乾湿を繰り返し大気に晒されるため、早く腐朽されることになることと考え、この部分を固形の底付保護材(1)で包囲し、防腐剤(4)を注入することで、解決できると考えた。
【0006】
本発明に於ける固形の底付保護材(1)は、金属や合成樹脂製等が考えられるが一般的には、支柱の外径(8)に応じた耐腐朽性がある、金属か合成樹脂製等のパイプの底を塞いだものが、安価で防蟻も出来、適当と考えられる。木造構築物の支柱脚部(11)では、地面(15)や根巻コンクリート面(29)及び水面(27)から50cm程度上迄を固形の底付保護材(1)で包囲し、防腐剤(4)を空隙(3)に注入し、その頂部(9)をコーキングすることで防腐剤(4)が大気への溶脱を防ぎ、内芯部にも含侵し、雨水の浸入を防ぎ耐腐朽性を向上させることが出来る。防腐剤(4)が内芯部に浸透して行き空隙(3)が低圧になり防腐剤(4)の含浸が妨げられることと考え、空隙(3)の内圧を調整するために、固形の底付保護材(1)の頂部(9)に、雨水が入らない程度の微細な切欠(13)を設け頂部(9)をコーキングする又、頂部(9)からの雨水の浸入を防止するためのキャップ(24)や乾燥に依る日割れ防止の切欠溝(25)も必要と考えた。この工法は、自然環境に配慮しなければならない地域の木造構築物での実施例、雪崩予防柵(図5)・防護柵(図6)や防風雪柵(図7)及びの水中桟橋(図8)等の支柱脚部(11)に施すことで、自然環境や耐腐朽性の向上に対応できると共に、費用を削減することが出来る。
【0007】
【実施例】
木製支柱(18)の外径(8)に適応した、金属又は合成樹脂製等の固形の底付保護材(1)の中に木製支柱(18)を挿入し、必要な空隙(3)を設け、この中に防腐剤(4)を注入し、その頂部(9)をコーキング材(10)で塞ぐことで、防腐剤(4)の大気中への溶脱と雨水の支柱脚部(11)へ侵入を防ぐと共に、防腐剤(4)の内芯部への含浸が図れる、木製支柱(18)が内部に於いて移動する恐れがあるときは、木材等に依るスペーサー(5)を底(12)迄挿入することに依り固定することが出来る。防腐剤(4)が含浸することで、空隙(3)の内圧が下がり含浸を阻害しないよう固形の底付保護材(1)の頂部(9)に、雨水が流入しない程度の微細な切欠(13)を設け内圧の調整を図る。木材(2)の乾燥に依る日割れを防止させるため縦長に切欠溝(25)を入れ、これをコーキングする。雨水が頂部からの浸入を防止するためキャップ(24)を付ける。木造構築物の実施例を説明する。図5に於ける雪崩予防柵の支柱脚部(11)、実施例図6の防護柵に於ける支柱脚部(11)実施例図7に於ける防風雪柵の根巻コンクリート(14)に於ける支柱脚部(11)及び実施例図8の水中桟橋に於ける支柱脚部(11)等に同工法を施すことで、自然環境に応しい、安価で耐久性のある木造構築物を設けることが出来る。
【0008】
実施例各図に於ける(1)は固形の底付保護材である。図5は雪崩予防柵に於ける正面図(a)と側面図(b)であり(11)は支柱脚部、(15)は地面、(16)は梁材、(17)は筋違、(18)は木製支柱、(19)は崩雪荷重に対応する支持ロープである。図6は防護柵における(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図であり(11)は支柱脚部、(15)は地面、(18)は木製支柱、(20)は防護材である。図7は防風雪柵に於ける(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図であり、(11)は支柱脚部、(14)は根巻コンクリート、(15)は地面、(18)は木製支柱、(21)は必要に応じて脱着できる脱着パネル、(22)は振止め用の控柱、(23)は定形を固定させるための挟樌である。次に水中桟橋について説明する。図4は図3に相当する図面で水中の地中部に設置する木製支柱のA−A’線の側・断面図であり、図8は水中桟橋に於ける(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図であり、木製支柱(18)を固形の底付保護材(1)で水面(27)上迄包囲し、水中の地中部(28)に設置する。(31)は敷板、(30)は行桁、(16)は梁材、(17)は筋違である。又、図5、図6に於けるキャップ(24)は頂部からの雨水の浸入を予防する為のものである。尚、各木製支柱(18)には乾燥に依る日割れを防ぐため木材(2)に適合した切欠溝(25)を縦長に入れこれをコーキングする。又、木材(2)の強度を劣化させない為に支柱脚部(11)以外の所を環境に適応じた撥水塗装をすることが効果的である。
【0009】
【発明の効果】
この発明は、防腐剤(4)が自然環境へ溶脱することを防げるため、自然環境への悪影響を防止し、長期間に亘り防腐剤(4)が木製支柱(18)の内芯部に含浸して行き耐腐朽効果を高め、必要な部分にのみしか防腐剤(4)を使用しないため防腐剤(4)の節約になり又、頂部(9)から防腐剤(4)を補充することも出来るため、耐腐朽性が向上し、費用の縮減になる。この工法は、自然環境や景観を重要視する地域に於ける木造構築物の、雪崩予防柵(図5)・防護柵(図6)・防風雪柵(図7)及び水中桟橋(図8)等の耐腐朽性を向上し、安価で自然環境や景観に相応しい耐久性に優れた木造構築物を設置することが出来ると同時に、暫増して行く間伐材の利用促進にも寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】木材(丸太材)を使用した実施例の断面図
【図2】木材(角材)を使用した実施例の断面図
【図3】図1及び図2のA−A’線の側・断面図
【図4】図3に相当する図で水中部に於けるA−A’線の側・断面図
【図5】雪崩予防柵の実施例で、(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図である。
【図6】防護柵の実施例で、(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図である。
【図7】防風雪柵の実施例で、(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図である。
【図8】水中桟橋の実施例で(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図である。
【符号の説明】
1.固形の底付保護材 7.地上地際部
2.木材(丸太材・角材) 8.支柱の外径
3.空隙(防腐剤を充填するところ) 9.頂部
4.防腐剤 10.コーキング材
5.スペーサー 11.支柱脚部
6.地中部 12.底
13.切欠
14.根巻コンクリート
15.地面
16.梁材
17.筋違
18.木製支柱
19.支持ロープ
20.防護材
21.脱着パネル
22.控柱
23.狭樌
24.キャップ
25.切欠溝
26.地中
27.水面
28.水中の地中部
29.根巻コンクリート面
30.行桁
31.敷板[0001]
[Field of the Invention]
The present invention relates to a method for protecting and preserving wooden struts (18) and a wooden structure to which this is applied.
[0002]
[Prior art]
From the viewpoint that the wood (2) is easily decayed, the conventional wooden support (18) can be applied directly to the whole wood with the preservative (4) or immersed in the preservative (4) for a long time. For example, the preservative (4) was injected under pressure with an apparatus. In the conventional anticorrosion treatment of a wooden structure, the preservative (4) is directly applied to the whole wood, applied by immersion or pressure injection, and metal is used instead of wood.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Wood (2) is a material having excellent characteristics in the natural environment and landscape, but there are problems of decay resistance, the influence of preservatives on the environment, and the high preservative treatment. The antiseptic (4) used to improve the decay resistance of wooden props (18) today is improving the safety for animals and plants, but it still solves the impact on the natural environment. Not done and expensive. In wooden structures, preservatives are applied to all timber and subjected to antiseptic treatment such as immersion or pressurized injection, which improves anti-corrosion properties. Depending on the phenomenon, leaching of the preservative (4) occurred, which adversely affected the natural environment, reduced decay resistance, and was expensive. For this reason, environmental measures and cost savings were problems such as preventing leaching of the preservative (4), enhancing the anti-corrosion effect, and reducing the amount of preservative (4) used.
[0004]
[Means for solving the problems]
If the wood (2) is kept in an appropriate dry state, it is difficult to decay for a long time. Based on the fact that it has been demonstrated in old wooden buildings, only the perishable parts are protected and decayed. Thought. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the underground part (6) and the ground edge part (7), that is, the pillar leg part (11) of the wooden pillar (18), which are particularly susceptible to decay, are replaced with the underground part (26) and the root winding concrete (14). ) And the ground (15) or the underwater underground part (28), the support leg part (11) is surrounded by a solid bottomed protective material (1) such as metal or synthetic resin, and the wooden support pillar. (18) is provided with a gap (3), a preservative (4) is injected into the gap (3), and the top portion (9) is closed with a caulking material (10). 4) Prevents leaching into the natural environment, and at the same time, impregnates the inner core of the wooden support (18) to enhance the anti-corrosion effect. If necessary, the caulking material (10) can be shaved and the preservative (4) can be replenished from the top (9). Even in the case of wooden structures, by applying the above method to the column legs (11) of the wooden columns (18), it is enough to install a metal structure as in the past and not to preserve the whole wood. In addition, the durability can be improved and the original problem can be solved at low cost without adversely affecting the natural environment while maintaining the natural landscape.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the invention will be described based on an example with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are sectional views of embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 described later, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 1 or FIG. In FIG. 3, it is considered that the column base (11) of the wooden column (18) is subject to decay quickly because it is repeatedly exposed to the atmosphere, and this portion is considered to be a solid bottom protective material (1). It was thought that it could be solved by injecting antiseptic (4).
[0006]
The solid bottom protective material (1) in the present invention may be made of metal, synthetic resin, or the like, but is generally made of metal or synthetic material having decay resistance according to the outer diameter (8) of the column. A resin-made pipe with its bottom closed is cheap and can be protected, making it suitable. In the column base (11) of the wooden structure, a solid bottomed protective material (1) surrounds the ground (15), the root wound concrete surface (29) and the water surface (27) by about 50 cm, and a preservative ( 4) is injected into the gap (3), and the top (9) is caulked to prevent the preservative (4) from leaching into the atmosphere and also impregnate the inner core, preventing rainwater from entering and decay resistant. Can be improved. In order to adjust the internal pressure of the void (3), the preservative (4) penetrates into the inner core and the void (3) becomes low pressure and impregnation of the preservative (4) is impeded. In order to prevent rainwater from entering from the top portion (9), the top portion (9) of the bottom protective material (1) is provided with a fine notch (13) that does not allow rainwater to enter, and the top portion (9) is caulked. The cap (24) and the notched groove (25) for preventing sun cracks due to drying were also considered necessary. This method is based on an example of a wooden structure in an area where the natural environment must be considered, an avalanche prevention fence (Fig. 5), a protective fence (Fig. 6), a windbreak snow fence (Fig. 7), and an underwater pier (Fig. 8). ) Etc., it is possible to cope with the improvement of the natural environment and anti-corrosion and to reduce the cost.
[0007]
【Example】
Insert the wooden column (18) into a solid bottomed protective material (1) made of metal or synthetic resin, which is suitable for the outer diameter (8) of the wooden column (18), and provide the necessary gap (3). The antiseptic (4) is poured into the container, and the top (9) is closed with a caulking material (10), so that the antiseptic (4) is leached into the atmosphere and the column base of the rainwater (11). When there is a risk that the wooden support (18) may move in the interior of the inner core of the preservative (4), the spacer (5) made of wood or the like is placed on the bottom ( It can be fixed by inserting until 12). By impregnating with the preservative (4), the internal pressure of the gap (3) is lowered, and a fine notch that prevents rainwater from flowing into the top (9) of the solid bottomed protective material (1) so as not to impede impregnation ( 13) is provided to adjust the internal pressure. In order to prevent sun cracking due to drying of the wood (2), a notch groove (25) is vertically inserted and caulked. A cap (24) is attached to prevent rainwater from entering from the top. An example of a wooden structure will be described. 5 for the avalanche prevention fence post (11) in FIG. 5, the support leg (11) in the protection fence of FIG. 6 for the windbreak snow fence root winding concrete (14) in FIG. By applying the same method to the strut legs (11) and the strut legs (11) in the underwater jetty of FIG. 8, a cheap and durable wooden structure suitable for the natural environment is provided. I can do it.
[0008]
(1) in each figure of an Example is a solid bottomed protective material. FIG. 5 is a front view (a) and a side view (b) of the avalanche prevention fence. (11) is a support leg, (15) is the ground, (16) is a beam material, (17) is a streak, (18) is a wooden support and (19) is a support rope corresponding to a snowfall load. 6 (a) is a front view, FIG. 6 (b) is a side view, (11) is a support leg, (15) is the ground, (18) is a wooden support, and (20) is a protection material. . 7A is a front view, FIG. 7B is a side view, FIG. 7B is a side view, FIG. 7B is a support leg, FIG. Is a wooden support, (21) is a detachable panel that can be detached as needed, (22) is a retaining post, and (23) is a clamp for fixing the fixed shape. Next, the underwater pier will be described. 4 is a side and cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of a wooden column installed underwater in the drawing corresponding to FIG. 3. FIG. 8A is a front view of the underwater pier, and FIG. ) Is a side view in which the wooden support (18) is surrounded by the solid bottomed protective material (1) up to the surface of the water (27) and installed in the underground part (28). (31) is a floorboard, (30) is a row girder, (16) is a beam material, and (17) is a streak. Moreover, the cap (24) in FIG. 5, FIG. 6 is for preventing infiltration of rain water from the top. In addition, in order to prevent the day cracking by drying, each wooden support | pillar (18) puts the notch groove (25) suitable for wood (2) vertically, and caulks this. Further, in order not to deteriorate the strength of the wood (2), it is effective to apply water-repellent coating suitable for the environment other than the support leg (11).
[0009]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention prevents the preservative (4) from leaching into the natural environment, thus preventing adverse effects on the natural environment, and the preservative (4) is impregnated into the inner core of the wooden column (18) for a long period of time. Therefore, the anti-corrosion effect is increased, and the preservative (4) is used only in the necessary portion, so that the preservative (4) can be saved, and the top (9) can be supplemented with the preservative (4). This can improve decay resistance and reduce costs. This construction method is made of wooden structures in areas where natural environment and landscape are important, avalanche prevention fence (Fig. 5), protective fence (Fig. 6), windbreak snow fence (Fig. 7), underwater pier (Fig. 8), etc. It is possible to improve the anti-corrosion property, and to install a wooden structure excellent in durability suitable for the natural environment and landscape at the same time, and at the same time, it can contribute to the promotion of the use of thinned wood that increases gradually.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment using wood (logs). FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment using wood (square wood). FIG. 3 is a side of the line AA ′ in FIGS.・ Cross sectional view [FIG. 4] A side sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in the underwater part in a view corresponding to FIG. 3 [FIG. 5] An embodiment of an avalanche prevention fence, (a) is a front view, ) Is a side view.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show an embodiment of a protective fence, in which FIG. 6A is a front view, and FIG. 6B is a side view.
7A and 7B show an embodiment of a windproof snow fence, where FIG. 7A is a front view and FIG. 7B is a side view.
8A is a front view and FIG. 8B is a side view of an embodiment of an underwater pier.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. 6. Solid bottomed protective material The ground part 2. Wood (logs and squares) 8. 2. Outer diameter of strut 8. Air gap (where preservative is filled) Top 4. Preservative 10. 4. Caulking material Spacer 11. Post leg 6. Underground part 12. Bottom 13. Notch 14. Negori concrete15. Ground 16. Beam material 17. Streak 18. Wooden prop 19. Support rope 20. Protective material 21. Desorption panel 22. Holding pillar 23. Narrow 24. Cap 25. Notch groove 26. Underground 27. Water surface 28. Underwater underground part 29. Neck roll concrete surface 30. Line column 31. Floor board