JP3700184B2 - Method of charging scrap into the blast furnace - Google Patents

Method of charging scrap into the blast furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3700184B2
JP3700184B2 JP23367694A JP23367694A JP3700184B2 JP 3700184 B2 JP3700184 B2 JP 3700184B2 JP 23367694 A JP23367694 A JP 23367694A JP 23367694 A JP23367694 A JP 23367694A JP 3700184 B2 JP3700184 B2 JP 3700184B2
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Prior art keywords
scrap
blast furnace
charging
furnace
coke
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JPH0892615A (en
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泰平 野内
幹治 武田
宏 板谷
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、高炉の生産性および操業安定性を確保しながら、比較的多量のスクラップを高炉で溶解できる高炉へのスクラップ装入方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
スクラップは従来、電気炉やキュポラによって溶解され、鋼として再利用されているが、電気炉の電力費やキュポラ用コークスの価格が高くかつ熱効率が悪いので、製造コストが高くなる欠点があった。このため大量生産ができ、かつ熱効率の良い高炉において、鉄鉱石に代わる鉄源としてスクラップの溶解、製錬を行うことが期待されている。
【0003】
この場合、スクラップの高炉内への装入方法は、例えば特開昭62-127411 号公報に示されているが、スクラップを装入コンベア上に直接切り出すとコンベアベルトを損傷させるという問題点があるため、これを避けるためにスクラップホッパは常に装入コンベア上の鉱石類ホッパの最下流側に設置し、かつ鉱石類ホッパから装入コンベア上に切り出された鉱石類の上にスクラップを切り出すようにしている。すなわち、スクラップを鉱石類に混合して高炉内に装入する方法が一般的であった。
【0004】
しかし、この方法により高炉内に装入されたスクラップはその軟化・溶融挙動が鉱石や焼結鉱と異なるために、軟化・溶融過程において鉱石層中に不均一な通気吹き抜け部を生成し、炉内ガス流分布を乱し、高炉の安定操業を阻害していた。そしてこの傾向はスクラップ使用比率が多ければ多いほど問題となった。
また、特開平5-295410号公報には高炉の炉頂中心部にスクラップあるいは粒鉄を集中させて装入し、炉芯部に炭素未飽和の鉄の液滴を滴下させることにより炉芯部に蓄積している粉コークスを選択的に消費させ、高炉操業の安定を図る方法が開示されている。
【0005】
しかし、この方法は炉中心部にのみスクラップを装入する方法であるので本質的に多量のスクラップを使用する技術ではない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決し、高炉の生産性および操業安定性を確保しながら、比較的多量のスクラップを高炉で溶解できる高炉へのスクラップ装入方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0007】
【課題解決のための手段】
本発明は、高炉内にスクラップを装入するに際して、装入するスクラップ量を全装入原料に対して15重量%以上とし、高炉内原料装入頂部においてスクラップとコークスとが均一に混合された状態になるように装入することを特徴とする高炉へのスクラップ装入方法である
【0008】
【作用】
スクラップは緻密な金属であり、その融点が1530℃と銑鉄の1140℃に比較して著しく高い。鉄鉱石を高炉で還元する場合、炉内で昇温、還元され海綿鉄を生成するとともに軟化し、融着層を形成し、コークスとの接触により浸され、次いで溶解、滴下する。一方、スクラップの場合には、炉内で軟化しにくく、スクラップを単独に高炉に装入する場合や鉱石類と混合して高炉に装入する場合は、コークスとの接触面積が狭く侵炭、溶解に時間がかかるという問題点がある。
【0009】
本発明者らは、スクラップを高炉で多量使用した場合に従来に比べて炉内がどのように変化するかを広範に実験・検討した結果、
(1) 軟化融着帯が羽口レベルよりも下に下がり、炉下部の通気、通液を悪化させ炉の安定操業を阻害する。
(2) 滴下帯で溶解しきれないスクラップが羽口に当り、羽口を座屈させる。
(3) 侵炭が不十分な溶融スクラップの滴下により炉壁部及び炉床部の炭素系耐火物を侵食してしまう。
等の問題が発生することを見出した。
【0010】
本発明者らは、何故このような現象が発生するのかを把握するために、スクラップの高炉内での溶解挙動、すなわち荷重、昇温・還元、軟化・溶融挙動をシミュレートした荷重軟化実験を行った。図2は荷重軟化実験装置の概略説明図である。この装置は常用1600℃、最大1800℃で用いることのできる雰囲気タンマン炉10で高炉炉内環境を正確に再現する装置であり、100mm 径の黒鉛るつぼ1、黒鉛発熱体2、混合ガス供給装置3、ガス予熱炉4、荷重負荷装置5から主に構成される。なお、図中TC1、TC2、TC3は温度計である。また、6は荷重負荷用黒鉛ロッド棒、7は 165mm径、長さ1100mmのアルミナ炉芯管であり、黒鉛るつぼ1中には、スクラップ8とコークス9が装入されている。なお、11は滴下物サンプリング装置、12はガスサンプリング装置、13はその分析計である。
【0011】
コークス9とスクラップ8を図3(a)に示すように層状装入した場合と図3(b)に示すように混合装入した場合の、滴下速度、滴下スクラップ中炭素濃度、るつぼの侵食等を測定した。この時の試料装入量は表1に示すように、スクラップとコークスとの装入体積(嵩)を同じにするように設定した。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003700184
【0013】
昇温速度10℃/minで1600℃まで加熱し、その後は1600℃で保持した。このときの荷重はいずれも2.5kg/cm2 とした。
滴下量の時間変化を図4に、滴下スクラップ中の炭素濃度の時間変化を図5に示した。
図4に示すように、図2の滴下物サンプリング装置11により採取されたスクラップの重量の時間変化から求めたスクラップの滴下速度は混合装入の方が速いことがわかる。
【0014】
図5に示す滴下したスクラップ中に含まれる炭素濃度の時間変化から、混合装入の方はスクラップが炭素飽和状態になって滴下しているのに対し、層状装入では未飽和で滴下していることがわかる。
実験終了後、るつぼの重量(W)を測定したが、その消耗率(W/W0 )を図6に示す。なお、W0 は実験開始前のるつぼの重量である。これより層状装入では、スクラップがるつぼを侵食したため、大幅に重量が減少していることが分かる。
【0015】
以上のように、これらの実験結果からスクラップとコークスの混合装入の場合はスクラップとコークスの層状装入の場合と比較して(a)溶け落ち速度が極端に速くなり、(b)溶け落ち溶鉄中の炭素濃度が飽和状態になり、炉床、炉壁の耐火物を損傷する可能性が低減することが分かった。
本発明では、スクラップとコークスを混合して装入するので、上述したような作用・効果を伴い、多量にスクラップを装入した場合にも、高炉の生産性および操業の安定性が達成できると考えられる。
【0016】
なお、スクラップの素性・種類は、特に限定されないが、自家発生屑の鋼屑(磁選済)やシュレッダー屑等が望ましい。また、そのサイズは、前処理等により50から 200mm程度に揃えておくことが望ましい。
また高炉への装入順は、スクラップとコークスの混合装入に次いで鉱石類(焼結鉱)を装入してもよく、スクラップが比較的少量のときはコークスの単一装入に次いでスクラップとコークスの混合装入、次いで鉱石類(焼結鉱)を装入してもよい。
【0017】
【実施例】
内容積4500Nm3 の高炉を用いてスクラップ装入操業を従来法および本発明法により行った。
従来法では、ベルトコンベアー上にまず焼結鉱を切出し、その上にスクラップを切り出した。この場合スクラップはほぼ均一に焼結鉱と混合し、炉内に装入される。なお、この場合スクラップの装入量は全装入原料の15重量%とした。
【0018】
一方、本発明法では、ベルトコンベアー上にまずコークスを切出し、その上にスクラップを切り出した。この場合スクラップはほぼ均一にコークスと混合し、炉内に装入される。なお、この場合スクラップの装入量は、約100日間全装入原料の15重量%とし、次の約100日間全装入原料の25重量%とした。
なお、いずれもスクラップはサイズ 150mm以下の国内市中屑のシュレッダー屑由来のものを使用した。またコークス比はいずれも一定の 450kg/tとし、送風温度、送風圧力もそれぞれ1200℃、3.5kg/cm2 を目標にした。
【0019】
従来法および本発明法での高炉操業結果を図1に示す。
従来法では、羽口から未溶融のスクラップの塊が頻繁に観察され、さらにその未溶融スクラップの降下によると思われる羽口の座屈トラブルも頻発した。融着帯根部高さの変動によると推定される送風圧力の変動も大きく、全装入原料中に占めるスクラップの比率は15%程度が限度であった。また出銑量は約 9000 t/日であった。
【0020】
一方、本発明法では、スクラップの溶解が促進され、未溶融のスクラップが羽口レベルまで降下してくることはほとんどなくなり、結果として羽口の座屈発生件数もほぼ0となった。送風圧力の変動も大幅に減少し、全原料中に占めるスクラップの比率を大幅に上昇させることができ、溶銑コストの低減が可能となった。また出銑量は約 11000t/日であった。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、スクラップとコークスとを混合して高炉に装入するので、スクラップの溶解が促進され、高炉操業を安定化することができた。その結果、従来不可能であった、高いスクラップ比での安定した高炉操業が可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】従来法ならびに本発明法での高炉操業結果を示すグラフ。
【図2】荷重軟化実験装置の概略説明図。
【図3】荷重軟化実験のスクラップとコークスの装入状態を示す説明図。
【図4】スクラップとコークスの装入方法とスクラップの滴下速度の関係を示すグラフ。
【図5】スクラップとコークスの装入方法と炭素濃度の時間変化を示すグラフ。
【図6】実験終了後のるつぼ重量の消耗率を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
1 黒鉛るつぼ
2 黒鉛発熱体
3 混合ガス供給装置
4 ガス予熱炉
5 荷重負荷装置
6 荷重負荷用黒鉛ロッド棒
7 アルミナ炉芯管
8 スクラップ
9 コークス
10 雰囲気タンマン炉
11 滴下物サンプリング装置
12 ガスサンプリング装置
13 ガス分析計[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for charging scrap into a blast furnace that can melt a relatively large amount of scrap in the blast furnace while ensuring the productivity and operational stability of the blast furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, scrap is melted by an electric furnace or cupola and reused as steel. However, since the electric power cost of the electric furnace and the price of cupola coke are high and the thermal efficiency is low, there is a drawback that the manufacturing cost is high. For this reason, it is expected that scraps will be melted and smelted as an iron source to replace iron ore in a blast furnace capable of mass production and having high thermal efficiency.
[0003]
In this case, the method of charging scrap into the blast furnace is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-127411, but there is a problem that if the scrap is directly cut out on the charging conveyor, the conveyor belt is damaged. Therefore, in order to avoid this, the scrap hopper is always installed on the most downstream side of the ore hopper on the charging conveyor, and scrap is cut out on the ore cut out on the charging conveyor from the ore hopper. ing. That is, a method of mixing scrap into ore and charging it into a blast furnace has been common.
[0004]
However, since the scrap charged into the blast furnace by this method is different in softening / melting behavior from ore and sintered ore, a non-uniform vent hole is generated in the ore layer during the softening / melting process. The internal gas flow distribution was disturbed and the stable operation of the blast furnace was hindered. This tendency became more problematic as the scrap usage ratio increased.
In addition, in JP-A-5-295410, scrap or granular iron is concentrated and charged in the center of the blast furnace top, and the core of the furnace is dropped by dropping droplets of carbon-unsaturated iron into the furnace core. Discloses a method for selectively consuming the powder coke accumulated in the blast furnace to stabilize the blast furnace operation.
[0005]
However, since this method is a method in which scrap is charged only in the center of the furnace, it is not a technique that essentially uses a large amount of scrap.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a scrap charging method to a blast furnace that can solve the above-described problems and can melt a relatively large amount of scrap in the blast furnace while ensuring the productivity and operational stability of the blast furnace. Is.
[0007]
[Means for solving problems]
In the present invention, when scrap is charged into the blast furnace, the amount of scrap to be charged is 15% by weight or more based on the total charged raw material , and the scrap and coke are uniformly mixed at the raw material charging top portion in the blast furnace. It is the scrap charging method to the blast furnace characterized by charging so that it may be in a state.
[0008]
[Action]
Scrap is a dense metal and its melting point is 1530 ° C, which is significantly higher than 1140 ° C for pig iron. When iron ore is reduced in a blast furnace, it is heated and reduced in the furnace to produce sponge iron and soften to form a fused layer, which is immersed by contact with coke, and then melted and dripped. On the other hand, in the case of scrap, it is difficult to soften in the furnace, and when scrap is charged into the blast furnace alone or mixed with ore and charged into the blast furnace, the contact area with the coke is narrow and carburized. There is a problem that it takes time to dissolve.
[0009]
As a result of extensive experimentation and examination of how the inside of a furnace changes compared to the conventional case when scrap is used in a large amount in a blast furnace,
(1) The softening cohesive zone falls below the tuyere level, which deteriorates ventilation and liquid flow in the lower part of the furnace and impedes stable operation of the furnace.
(2) Scrap that cannot be melted in the dripping zone hits the tuyere and buckles the tuyere.
(3) The dripping of molten scrap with insufficient carburization will erode the carbon-based refractories on the furnace wall and hearth.
It has been found that such problems occur.
[0010]
In order to understand why such a phenomenon occurs, the present inventors conducted a load softening experiment simulating the melting behavior of scrap in a blast furnace, that is, load, temperature rise / reduction, softening / melting behavior. went. FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a load softening experiment apparatus. This equipment accurately reproduces the environment in the blast furnace with an atmospheric Tamman furnace 10 that can be used at a normal 1600 ° C and a maximum of 1800 ° C. The gas preheating furnace 4 and the load loading device 5 are mainly configured. In the figure, TC1, TC2, and TC3 are thermometers. Further, 6 is a graphite rod for loading, 7 is an alumina furnace core tube having a diameter of 165 mm and a length of 1100 mm, and scrap 8 and coke 9 are charged in the graphite crucible 1. In addition, 11 is a drop sampling device, 12 is a gas sampling device, and 13 is an analyzer.
[0011]
Dropping speed, carbon concentration in dropping scrap, crucible erosion, etc. when coke 9 and scrap 8 are layered as shown in FIG. 3 (a) and mixed as shown in FIG. 3 (b) Was measured. As shown in Table 1, the sample charging amount at this time was set so that the charging volume (bulk) of scrap and coke was the same.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003700184
[0013]
The sample was heated to 1600 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min, and then maintained at 1600 ° C. The load at this time was 2.5 kg / cm 2 .
FIG. 4 shows the time variation of the dripping amount, and FIG. 5 shows the time variation of the carbon concentration in the dripping scrap.
As shown in FIG. 4, it is understood that the scrap dropping speed obtained from the time change of the weight of the scrap collected by the drop sampling apparatus 11 of FIG.
[0014]
From the time variation of the carbon concentration contained in the dripped scrap shown in FIG. 5, the mixed charging is dripping while the scrap is in a carbon saturated state, while the layer charging is unsaturated dripping. I understand that.
After the experiment, the weight (W) of the crucible was measured, and the consumption rate (W / W 0 ) is shown in FIG. W 0 is the weight of the crucible before the start of the experiment. From this, it can be seen that in the layered charging, the scrap eroded the crucible and the weight was greatly reduced.
[0015]
As described above, from the results of these experiments, in the case of mixed charging of scrap and coke, (a) the burn-off speed is extremely faster than in the case of layered charging of scrap and coke, and (b) It was found that the carbon concentration in the molten iron became saturated, and the possibility of damaging the hearth and refractories on the furnace wall was reduced.
In the present invention, since scrap and coke are mixed and charged, it is possible to achieve productivity and operational stability of the blast furnace even when a large amount of scrap is charged with the above-described actions and effects. Conceivable.
[0016]
In addition, although the feature and kind of scrap are not specifically limited, steel scraps (magnetically selected), shredder scraps, and the like of self-generated scraps are desirable. In addition, it is desirable that the size is adjusted to about 50 to 200 mm by pretreatment or the like.
In addition, the order of charging to the blast furnace may be charging the ore (sintered ore) after the mixed charging of scrap and coke. It is also possible to charge and mix coke and then charge ore (sintered ore).
[0017]
【Example】
Using a blast furnace with an internal volume of 4500 Nm 3 , scrap charging operation was performed by the conventional method and the method of the present invention.
In the conventional method, sintered ore is first cut out on a belt conveyor, and scrap is cut out thereon. In this case, the scrap is almost uniformly mixed with the sintered ore and charged into the furnace. In this case, the scrap charge was 15% by weight of the total charge.
[0018]
On the other hand, in the present invention method, first coke out Ri switching on the belt conveyor, cut scraps thereon. In this case, the scrap is almost uniformly mixed with the coke and charged into the furnace. In this case, the amount of scrap charged was 15% by weight of the total charged raw material for about 100 days and 25% by weight of the total charged raw material for the next about 100 days.
In all cases, scraps from domestic shredder scrap with a size of 150 mm or less were used. The coke ratio was set to a constant 450 kg / t, and the air temperature and pressure were set to 1200 ° C and 3.5 kg / cm 2 , respectively.
[0019]
The results of blast furnace operation in the conventional method and the method of the present invention are shown in FIG.
In the conventional method, a lump of unmelted scrap was frequently observed from the tuyere, and furthermore, the tuyere buckling trouble that seems to be due to the descent of the unmelted scrap occurred frequently. The fluctuation of the blowing pressure estimated to be due to the fluctuation of the cohesive zone root height was also large, and the ratio of scrap to the total charged raw material was limited to about 15%. Also tapping amount was about 900 0 t / day.
[0020]
On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, the melting of the scrap was promoted, and the unmelted scrap hardly dropped to the tuyere level, and as a result, the number of occurrences of buckling of the tuyere became almost zero. Fluctuation in the blast pressure was also greatly reduced, and the ratio of scrap in the total raw material could be greatly increased, and the hot metal cost could be reduced. In addition, the amount of tapping was about 11000 t / day.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since scrap and coke are mixed and charged into the blast furnace, melting of the scrap is promoted and blast furnace operation can be stabilized. As a result, stable blast furnace operation at a high scrap ratio, which was impossible before, has become possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing results of blast furnace operation in the conventional method and the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a load softening experiment apparatus.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of charging scrap and coke in a load softening experiment.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a scrap and coke charging method and scrap dropping speed.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a method of charging scrap and coke and a change over time in carbon concentration.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the consumption rate of crucible weight after the end of the experiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Graphite crucible 2 Graphite heating element 3 Mixed gas supply apparatus 4 Gas preheating furnace 5 Load loading apparatus 6 Graphite rod rod 7 for load loading Alumina furnace core tube 8 Scrap 9 Coke
10 Atmosphere Tamman furnace
11 Droplet sampling device
12 Gas sampling device
13 Gas analyzer

Claims (1)

高炉内にスクラップを装入するに際して、装入するスクラップ量を全装入原料に対して15重量%以上とし、高炉内原料装入頂部においてスクラップとコークスとが均一に混合された状態になるように装入することを特徴とする高炉へのスクラップ装入方法。When charging scrap into the blast furnace, the amount of scrap to be charged is set to 15% by weight or more with respect to all the charged raw materials so that the scrap and coke are uniformly mixed at the raw material charging top portion in the blast furnace. A method of charging scrap into a blast furnace, characterized in that it is charged into a blast furnace.
JP23367694A 1994-09-28 1994-09-28 Method of charging scrap into the blast furnace Expired - Fee Related JP3700184B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23367694A JP3700184B2 (en) 1994-09-28 1994-09-28 Method of charging scrap into the blast furnace

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JPH0892615A JPH0892615A (en) 1996-04-09
JP3700184B2 true JP3700184B2 (en) 2005-09-28

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5012079B2 (en) * 2007-02-16 2012-08-29 Jfeスチール株式会社 Charcoal-containing reduced iron for blast furnace charging and blast furnace operating method
JP5277698B2 (en) * 2008-04-11 2013-08-28 Jfeスチール株式会社 Blast furnace iron making method using low grade iron scrap

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