JP3690014B2 - Surface protection sheet for cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member and surface protection method using the same - Google Patents
Surface protection sheet for cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member and surface protection method using the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、円筒状電子写真感光体の梱包、輸送に関し、詳しくは電子写真方式のプリンターあるいは複写機等に使用される有機感光体の表面保護シートおよびそれを用いた表面保護方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
円筒状電子写真感光体は、導電性基体上に光導電機能を有する感光層を積層した構造をとる。電荷の発生や電荷の輸送を担う機能成分として有機化合物を含有する有機電子写真感光体、とりわけ電荷発生層、電荷輸送層などの機能層を積層してなる積層型有機電子写真感光体は、材料の選択性が高く、機能設計が容易、生産性が高い、安全性に優れるなどの利点から、複写機をはじめとして各種プリンターおよびファクシミリへ応用されている。
【０００３】
有機電子写真感光体が搭載される装置には、通常電子写真プロセスの少なくとも一部の機能を有する部材と一体化したカートリッジ方式が採用されており、感光体はこのようなカートリッジに組み込まれるまでの間の輸送過程においては、表面保護の目的で紙あるいは樹脂等からなるシートを巻き付けることが一般的である。このような表面保護シートは、カートリッジに組み込まれる際に感光体から取り外されることから、着脱が容易となるようにシールあるいはテープ等の粘着性物質を有する部材で固定することが一般的に行われている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
感光体から取り外された表面保護シートは、そのまま廃棄されるかもしくはカートリッジ組立後の感光体表面保護の目的で再利用される。カートリッジ組立工程において、感光体表面に粘着性物質の残差が付着し、その結果黒ベタ画像上に白抜けが発生する不具合が発生することがあり、このような不具合が発生しない保護方法が求められていた。
【０００５】
本発明の目的は、表面保護シートを取り外したのちに粘着性物質の残差が感光体表面に付着しない円筒状電子写真感光体の表面保護シートおよびそれを用いた表面保護方法を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
感光体表面に粘着性物質が付着する原因を調査した結果、表面保護シートの取り外しまたは再利用時に、残存する粘着性物質がハンドリングミスによって感光体表面に触れるためであることが判明した。
従って、感光体に表面保護シートを固定する場合、（１）表面保護シートである黒紙の材質のはがれ強度が粘着性物質の粘着力より小さいと、シールあるいはテープを剥がした時に、黒紙の表面材質が粘着性物質側に移動し、黒紙の表面に粘着性物質の残差が残らず、粘着部に粘着力が残らない方法、（２）シールあるいはテープを表面保護シートに固定したままの状態で表面保護シートを取り外す方法、（３）表面保護シートの固定に非粘着性物質を使用する方法、（４）表面保護シートの端部形状を加工して、表面保護シートそのものを感光体表面に巻き付け時に固定可能にし、他の固定部材を使用しない方法により、表面保護シートあるいは固定用部材表面に粘着性物質を残さないようにすることができる。
【０００７】
上記の方法により、カートリッジ組立時に感光体表面への粘着性物質の付着が解消され、カートリッジ組立工程での直行率が向上した。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
図３は積層型有機感光体の構成図の一例である。図３において、積層型有機感光体は支持体１、下引き層２、電荷発生層３、電荷輸送層４からなり、必要に応じて耐環境性や機械的強度を向上させるために表面保護層５を設けることがある。
【０００９】
支持体１としては、アルミニウム製円筒状基体等の導電性基体単独あるいは導電性基体表面をアルマイト化したものあるいは樹脂皮膜等による下引き層２にて表面修飾を施したものを用いることができる。
下引き層２に用いられる樹脂材料としては、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、ナイロン、メラミン、セルロース等の絶縁性高分子、あるいはポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子、あるいはこれらの高分子に二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物を含有せしめたものを用いることができる。
【００１０】
電荷発生層３は電荷発生材料と樹脂バインダーとより構成される。電荷発生材料としては、各種フタロシアニン化合物、アゾ化合物、多環キノン化合物、スクエアリウム化合物およびこれらの誘導体を用いることができる。樹脂バインダーとしては、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン、エポキシ、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルアセタール、フェノキシ、シリコン、アクリル、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、酢酸ビニル、ホルマール、セルロース等の樹脂、あるいはこれらの共重合体、およびこれらのハロゲン化物、シアノエチル化合物等を用いることができる。
【００１１】
電荷輸送層４は電荷輸送材料と樹脂バインダーとより構成される。電荷輸送材料としては、ヒドラゾン化合物、ブタジエン化合物、ジアミン化合物、インドール化合物、インドリン化合物、スチルベン化合物、ジスチルベンゼン化合物等をそれぞれ単独あるいは組み合わせて用いることができる。樹脂バインダーとしては、電荷発生層３で使用される樹脂を用いることができる。
【００１２】
下引き層２、電荷発生層３、電荷輸送層４には、感度の向上や残留電位の減少、あるいは耐環境性や有害な光に対する安定性の向上を目的として、必要に応じて電子受容性物質や酸化防止材、光安定剤等を添加することができる。
なお、本発明は上述した積層型有機感光体の他に、電荷発生材料と電荷輸送材料とが混在する単層型有機感光体にも適用することができる。
【００１３】
以下に図面をもとに実施例について説明する。
【００１４】
【実施例】
（実施例１）膜厚およそ７μｍのアルマイト層を設けたアルミニウム円筒状支持体上に、電荷発生物質としてチタニルオキシフタロシアニン１重量部、樹脂バインダーとして塩化ビニル酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂１重量部をジクロロメタン９８重量部に分散させて塗布液を作成し、浸積塗工の後９０℃で３０分乾燥して膜厚約０．２μｍの電荷発生層を生成した。次にヒドラゾン化合物５重量部、ブタジエン化合物５重量部、特殊ポリカーボネート樹脂１０重量部をジクロロメタン８０重量部に溶解させて塗布液を作成し、浸積塗工の後１００℃で１時間乾燥して膜厚約２０μｍの電荷輸送層を生成した。
【００１５】
図２に示すように、上記の感光体６に対して、上質ブラックスリーブ４８ｇ／ｍ2 紙（紀州製紙（株）製黒色紙）を表面保護シート７として使用し、支持体が上質紙であり粘着力がＪＩＳＺ１５３８に示される１号に適合する粘着性物質を片面に塗布した幅１５ｍｍ長さ６０ｍｍのシール（粘着部材）８を使用して巻き付け、図１に示すように固定したものを１００個作成した。
【００１６】
（実施例２）シール８の幅を２５ｍｍとした以外は、実施例１と同様にして表面保護シート７を巻き付けたものを１００個作成した。
（参考例１）表面保護シート７としてコニーブラック５０ｇ／ｍ2 紙（四国製紙（株）製黒色紙）を使用し、支持体が上質紙であり粘着力がＪＩＳＺ１５３８に示される３号に適合する粘着性物質を片面に塗布した幅１５ｍｍ長さ６０ｍｍの中央にミシン目９を入れたシール８を使用して、表面保護シート７の合わせ目がミシン目９に合致するようにして図４に示すように表面保護シート７を巻き付けたものを１００個作成した。
【００１７】
（参考例２）表面保護シート７を固定する方法として、感光体６に表面保護シート７を巻き付けた上から、幅５０ｍｍの非粘着性の塩化ビニリデンシートを巻き付けて固定した以外は、参考例１と同様の部材を使用したものを１００個作成した。
（実施例５）表面保護シート７として上質ブラックスリーブ４８ｇ／ｍ2 紙（紀州製紙（株）製黒色紙）を使用し、感光体６に巻き付ける以前に図５に示すように両端部を５ｍｍの幅で折り返しておき、巻き付けたのちに一方の部分を折り返し部に挟み込むようにして図６に示すように固定したものを１００個作成した。
【００１８】
（比較例１）シール８の幅を３０ｍｍとした以外は実施例１と同様にして表面保護シート７を巻き付けたものを１００個作成した。
（比較例２）表面保護シート７としてコニーブラック５０ｇ／ｍ2 紙（四国製紙（株）製黒色紙）を使用し、支持体が上質紙であり粘着力がＪＩＳＺ１５３８に示される１号に適合する粘着性物質を片面に塗布した幅１５ｍｍ長さ６０ｍｍのシール８を使用した以外は、実施例１と同様にして表面保護シート７を固定したものを１００個作成した。
【００１９】
（比較例３）表面保護シート７としてコニーブラック５０ｇ／ｍ2 紙（四国製紙（株）製黒色紙）を使用し、支持体が上質紙であり粘着力がＪＩＳＺ１５３８に示される３号に適合する粘着性物質を片面に塗布した幅１５ｍｍ長さ６０ｍｍのシール８を使用した以外は、実施例１と同様にして表面保護シート７を固定したものを１００個作成した。
【００２０】
（比較例４）支持体の粘着力がＪＩＳＺ１５３８に示される３号に適合する粘着性物質を片面に塗布した幅１５ｍｍ長さ６０ｍｍのシール８を使用した以外は実施例１と同様にして表面保護シート７を固定したものを１００個作成した。
上述の実施例と比較例で記載した方法に則り作成した感光体６に、樹脂製ギアフランジ（図示せず）を接着したのち、表面保護シート７を感光体６から取り外し、市販のレーザープリンターのカートリッジに装着したのち、カートリッジ全体に取り外した表面保護シート７を被せて一昼夜放置し、その後に黒ベタ画像を１枚プリントして画像欠陥の有無を評価した。これらの結果を表１に示す。
【００２１】
【表１】
表１の結果から明らかなように、表面保護シートとして実施例に示す上質ブラックスリーブのような紙の繊維が緻密で腰の強い紙を使用し、固定部材として強い粘着力を有する粘着性物質を塗布したシールを組み合わせて使用することにより、表面保護シートを取り外したのちの黒紙およびシール表面に粘着性物質は残存しなくなるため、カートリッジ組立後の画像不具合発生を解消することができる。
【００２２】
また、参考例１に示すように、表面保護シートおよびシールの材質を選ばず、シールあるいはテープを張りつけたまま、シールあるいはテープごと切断するように表面保護シートを取り外しても、同様の効果が得られる。
さらに、参考例２および実施例５に示すように、表面保護シートの固定に粘着性物質を使用しないことによっても同様の効果が得られる。
【００２３】
シールあるいはテープの幅は、比較例１に示すように、ある程度広くなると粘着性物質塗布部全面に紙の繊維が付着せず、一部粘着力が残って不具合が発生する可能性が発生するため、作業性を考慮すると幅５ｍｍ以上２５ｍｍ以下が望ましい。
【００２４】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、カートリッジ組立時の粘着性物質付着に起因する工程不良を解消し、カートリッジ組立後の画像不具合発生を解消することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 この発明の１実施例を示す構成図。
【図２】 感光体に保護シートを巻き付ける様子を示す図。
【図３】 積層型有機感光体の構成の概要を示す図。
【図４】 ミシン目付きシールを使用した参考例を示す構成図。
【図５】 両端部を折り返した表面保護シートを示す図。
【図６】 折り返し付き表面保護シートを使用した実施例を示す構成図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to packing and transportation of a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly to a surface protective sheet for an organic photosensitive member used in an electrophotographic printer or copying machine, and a surface protective method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member has a structure in which a photosensitive layer having a photoconductive function is laminated on a conductive substrate. An organic electrophotographic photosensitive member containing an organic compound as a functional component responsible for charge generation and charge transport, in particular, a stacked organic electrophotographic photosensitive member formed by laminating functional layers such as a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer is a material. Therefore, it is applied to various printers and facsimiles including copying machines because of its advantages such as high selectivity, easy functional design, high productivity, and excellent safety.
[0003]
The apparatus on which the organic electrophotographic photosensitive member is mounted usually employs a cartridge system integrated with a member having at least a part of the function of the electrophotographic process, and the photosensitive member is incorporated into such a cartridge. In the transportation process, a sheet made of paper or resin is generally wound for the purpose of surface protection. Since such a surface protection sheet is removed from the photoconductor when it is incorporated in the cartridge, it is generally fixed with a member having an adhesive substance such as a seal or tape so that it can be easily attached and detached. ing.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The surface protection sheet removed from the photoreceptor is discarded as it is or reused for the purpose of protecting the photoreceptor surface after assembling the cartridge. In the cartridge assembling process, a residue of adhesive material adheres to the surface of the photoconductor, and as a result, there may be a problem that white spots occur on the solid black image. A protection method that does not cause such a problem is required. It was done.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a surface protective sheet for a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a residue of an adhesive substance does not adhere to the surface of the photosensitive member after the surface protective sheet is removed, and a surface protective method using the same. is there.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of investigating the cause of the adhesive material adhering to the surface of the photoreceptor, it was found that the remaining adhesive material touches the surface of the photoreceptor due to a handling mistake when the surface protection sheet is removed or reused.
Therefore, when fixing the surface protection sheet to the photoreceptor, (1) if the peel strength of the black paper material that is the surface protection sheet is smaller than the adhesive strength of the adhesive substance, the black paper will be removed when the seal or tape is peeled off. A method in which the surface material moves to the adhesive material side, no residue of adhesive material remains on the black paper surface, and no adhesive force remains on the adhesive part. (2) With the seal or tape fixed to the surface protection sheet (3) A method of using a non-adhesive substance for fixing the surface protective sheet, (4) An end shape of the surface protective sheet is processed, and the surface protective sheet itself is used as a photoreceptor. It can be fixed at the time of winding on the surface, and a sticky substance can be left on the surface of the surface protection sheet or fixing member by a method that does not use other fixing members.
[0007]
By the above method, adhesion of the adhesive substance to the surface of the photosensitive member at the time of assembling the cartridge was eliminated, and the straightness rate in the cartridge assembling process was improved.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 3 is an example of a configuration diagram of a multilayer organic photoreceptor. In FIG. 3, the laminated organic photoconductor comprises a support 1, an undercoat layer 2, a charge generation layer 3, and a charge transport layer 4, and a surface protective layer for improving environmental resistance and mechanical strength as required. 5 may be provided.
[0009]
As the support 1, a conductive substrate such as an aluminum cylindrical substrate alone, a surface of the conductive substrate anodized, or a surface modified with an undercoat layer 2 made of a resin film or the like can be used.
Examples of the resin material used for the undercoat layer 2 include insulating polymers such as casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nylon, melamine, and cellulose, conductive polymers such as polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline, or titanium dioxide for these polymers. A metal oxide containing a metal oxide such as zinc oxide can be used.
[0010]
The charge generation layer 3 is composed of a charge generation material and a resin binder. As the charge generation material, various phthalocyanine compounds, azo compounds, polycyclic quinone compounds, squalium compounds, and derivatives thereof can be used. As the resin binder, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, phenoxy, silicon, acrylic, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, formal, cellulose, or a copolymer thereof, These halides, cyanoethyl compounds and the like can also be used.
[0011]
The charge transport layer 4 is composed of a charge transport material and a resin binder. As the charge transport material, a hydrazone compound, a butadiene compound, a diamine compound, an indole compound, an indoline compound, a stilbene compound, a distylbenzene compound, or the like can be used alone or in combination. As the resin binder, a resin used in the charge generation layer 3 can be used.
[0012]
The undercoat layer 2, the charge generation layer 3, and the charge transport layer 4 have an electron accepting property as necessary for the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential, or improving environmental resistance and stability against harmful light. Substances, antioxidants, light stabilizers and the like can be added.
The present invention can also be applied to a single-layer organic photoreceptor in which a charge generating material and a charge transport material are mixed, in addition to the above-described stacked organic photoreceptor.
[0013]
Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
【Example】
Example 1 On an aluminum cylindrical support provided with an alumite layer having a thickness of about 7 μm, 1 part by weight of titanyloxyphthalocyanine as a charge generating substance and 1 part by weight of a vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer resin as a resin binder were added in dichloromethane 98. A coating solution was prepared by dispersing in parts by weight. After dip coating, the coating solution was dried at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of about 0.2 μm. Next, 5 parts by weight of a hydrazone compound, 5 parts by weight of a butadiene compound, and 10 parts by weight of a special polycarbonate resin are dissolved in 80 parts by weight of dichloromethane to prepare a coating solution. After dip coating, the film is dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. A charge transport layer about 20 μm thick was produced.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 2, a high-quality black sleeve 48 g / m 2 paper (black paper manufactured by Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.) is used as the surface protection sheet 7 with respect to the above-described photoreceptor 6, and the support is high-quality paper. 100 wraps using a seal (adhesive member) 8 with a width of 15 mm and a length of 60 mm coated on one side with an adhesive substance conforming to No. 1 shown in JISZ1538, and fixed as shown in FIG. Created.
[0016]
(Example 2) Except for setting the width of the seal 8 to 25 mm, 100 pieces of the surface protection sheet 7 wound around were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
( Reference Example 1 ) Cony black 50 g / m @ 2 paper (black paper manufactured by Shikoku Paper Co., Ltd.) was used as the surface protection sheet 7 and the support was a high-quality paper, and the adhesive strength conformed to No. 3 shown in JISZ1538. As shown in FIG. 4, the surface protection sheet 7 has a seam 9 aligned with the perforation 9 using a seal 8 having a perforation 9 in the center of 15 mm in width and 60 mm in length, coated with a chemical substance on one side. 100 pieces each having the surface protection sheet 7 wound thereon were prepared.
[0017]
Reference Example 2 As a method for fixing the surface protection sheet 7, Reference Example 1 except that the surface protection sheet 7 was wound around the photoreceptor 6 and then a non-adhesive vinylidene chloride sheet having a width of 50 mm was wound and fixed. 100 things using the same member were made.
(Example 5) A high-quality black sleeve 48 g / m @ 2 paper (black paper manufactured by Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.) was used as the surface protection sheet 7, and before winding around the photoreceptor 6, both ends were 5 mm wide as shown in FIG. Then, after folding, 100 pieces were prepared which were fixed as shown in FIG. 6 so that one portion was sandwiched between the folded portions.
[0018]
(Comparative example 1) 100 things which wound the surface protection sheet 7 like Example 1 were produced except having made the width | variety of the seal | sticker 8 into 30 mm.
(Comparative Example 2) Cony black 50 g / m 2 paper (black paper manufactured by Shikoku Paper Co., Ltd.) is used as the surface protection sheet 7 and the support is high-quality paper, and the adhesive strength conforms to No. 1 shown in JISZ1538. 100 pieces having the surface protective sheet 7 fixed thereto were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the seal 8 having a width of 15 mm and a length of 60 mm, in which an adhesive substance was applied on one side, was used.
[0019]
(Comparative Example 3) Cony black 50 g / m 2 paper (black paper manufactured by Shikoku Paper Co., Ltd.) was used as the surface protective sheet 7 and the support was high-quality paper, and the adhesive strength conformed to No. 3 shown in JISZ1538. 100 pieces having the surface protective sheet 7 fixed thereto were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the seal 8 having a width of 15 mm and a length of 60 mm, in which an adhesive substance was applied on one side, was used.
[0020]
(Comparative Example 4) Surface protection was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a seal 8 having a width of 15 mm and a length of 60 mm was applied on one side with an adhesive material suitable for No. 3 shown in JISZ1538. 100 sheets on which the sheet 7 was fixed were prepared.
After a resin gear flange (not shown) is bonded to the photosensitive member 6 prepared in accordance with the method described in the above-described examples and comparative examples, the surface protection sheet 7 is removed from the photosensitive member 6, and a commercially available laser printer is used. After mounting on the cartridge, the entire surface of the cartridge was covered with the removed surface protection sheet 7 and allowed to stand for a whole day and night. Thereafter, one black solid image was printed to evaluate the presence or absence of image defects. These results are shown in Table 1.
[0021]
[Table 1]
As is clear from the results in Table 1, paper having a dense and strong paper fiber, such as the high-quality black sleeve shown in the examples, is used as the surface protection sheet, and an adhesive substance having a strong adhesive force is used as the fixing member. By using the applied seal in combination, the sticky substance does not remain on the black paper and the seal surface after the surface protective sheet is removed, so that it is possible to eliminate the occurrence of image defects after assembling the cartridge.
[0022]
Also, as shown in Reference Example 1 , the same effect can be obtained even if the surface protection sheet and the seal material are not selected, and the surface protection sheet is removed so that the seal or tape is cut with the seal or tape attached. It is done.
Furthermore, as shown in Reference Example 2 and Example 5 , the same effect can be obtained by not using an adhesive substance for fixing the surface protection sheet.
[0023]
As shown in Comparative Example 1, when the width of the seal or tape is increased to some extent, paper fibers do not adhere to the entire surface of the adhesive-applied portion, and a part of the adhesive force may remain and a problem may occur. In consideration of workability, the width is preferably 5 mm or more and 25 mm or less.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to eliminate a process failure caused by adhesion of an adhesive substance at the time of assembling the cartridge and to eliminate the occurrence of an image defect after the cartridge is assembled.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state where a protective sheet is wound around a photoconductor.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of the configuration of a multilayer organic photoreceptor.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a reference example using a perforated seal.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a surface protective sheet with both ends folded back.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which a surface protection sheet with folds is used.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32498696A JP3690014B2 (en) | 1996-12-05 | 1996-12-05 | Surface protection sheet for cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member and surface protection method using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32498696A JP3690014B2 (en) | 1996-12-05 | 1996-12-05 | Surface protection sheet for cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member and surface protection method using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10167340A JPH10167340A (en) | 1998-06-23 |
| JP3690014B2 true JP3690014B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
Family
ID=18171860
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32498696A Expired - Lifetime JP3690014B2 (en) | 1996-12-05 | 1996-12-05 | Surface protection sheet for cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member and surface protection method using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3690014B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6052012B2 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2016-12-27 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Packing method for cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member |
-
1996
- 1996-12-05 JP JP32498696A patent/JP3690014B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10167340A (en) | 1998-06-23 |
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