JP3689851B2 - Polyolefin-based skin material - Google Patents

Polyolefin-based skin material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3689851B2
JP3689851B2 JP2003150335A JP2003150335A JP3689851B2 JP 3689851 B2 JP3689851 B2 JP 3689851B2 JP 2003150335 A JP2003150335 A JP 2003150335A JP 2003150335 A JP2003150335 A JP 2003150335A JP 3689851 B2 JP3689851 B2 JP 3689851B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
polyolefin
sheet
skin material
polyolefin resin
foam
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JP2003150335A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004351694A (en
Inventor
晴英 川井
哲生 野寺
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Okamoto Industries Inc
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Okamoto Industries Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に、自動車のインストルメントパネル、ドア、コンソールボックス、天井などの内装材に用いる表皮材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車のインストルメントパネル、ドア、シートバックポケット、ピラー、アームレスト、コンソールボックス、天井等の内装材などに用いる表皮材は、従来、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートの片面にポリ塩化ビニルシートや熱可塑性エラストマーシートを積層したものが用いられている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。このポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートとしては、押出発泡成形機などによってシート状に発泡成形したものが用いられている。
【0003】
ところで、近年、リサイクル性の観点から、スタンピング成形、真空成形(絞反転タイプ又は絞残しタイプ)、圧空成形、プレス成形などの成形用表皮材の素材として、上記のポリ塩化ビニルシートに代えてポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを用いることが行われている。しかし、押出発泡成形などによって成形したポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートの片面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層した表皮材は、ポリ塩化ビニルシートを積層した従来の表皮材に比較して、基材に貼着する時のいわゆる端末巻き込み作業の作業性が悪いという問題点がある。
【0004】
すなわち、ポリ塩化ビニルシートは常温付近の低温においても変形し易さの温度依存性が大きく、そのためポリ塩化ビニルシートを積層した表皮材は、加熱成形後の余熱でも容易に且つ外観良い巻き込み作業ができ、また冷えきった場合でも少しの加熱で容易に且つ外観良い巻き込み作業を行うことができる。一方、ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートは高温における変形し易さの温度依存性は大きいが常温付近の低温における変形し易さの温度依存性は小さく、そのためポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層した表皮材は、巻き込み作業が難しく、また外観良く仕上げるのが困難である。
【0005】
また、従来のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートの片面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層した表皮材は、反発力が大きく、均一に屈曲させるのが難しくて折れシワが生じやすく、また折ったときいわゆる骨が発生しやすい。また、この表皮材を基材と部分的に接着した場合には、非接着部に折れシワが生じやすいという問題点もある。更に、近年、基材との接着部分が余りなく、基材と表皮材の間にウレタンモールドフォームを充填する内装材が提案されている(例えば、特許文献2)が、肘をついたときなどに折れシワができやすく、商品性が低いという問題点がある。また、折れシワが出やすい表皮材は、荷重が掛かったときの沈み込み感が悪い。そこで折れシワが生じない、自然な沈み込み感がある柔軟な表皮材が、特に、アームレスト、コンソールボックスなどのウレタンモールドフォームを基材と表皮材の間に挟む部材で望まれている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−262716号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平6−126873号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みなされたもので、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートとポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層してなる表皮材について、巻き込み作業性が良く、容易に且つ外観良く巻き込み部を作り得、また折曲時に折れシワが生じない、柔軟で、表面強度が高いポリオレフィン系樹脂表皮材を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、表皮材についての上記の課題を解決すべく種々検討した結果、ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートと積層させる、従来の押出発泡成形機などで成形したポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートは、両面にスキン層が存在しており、この両面のスキン層の存在が上記した巻き込み作業性を悪くしたり、上記した折れシワを生じさせたりしていることに気付き、ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートが積層されている面の反対面をスキン層でないようにすることによって上記の問題点が解消できることを見出し本発明を完成した。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートとポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層してなる表皮材であって、上記のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートがスキン層面とスライス面とを有し、且つそのスキン層面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートが積層していることを特徴とするポリオレフィン系表皮材である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の態様】
本発明のポリオレフィン系表皮材のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体などのポリオレフィン系樹脂をシート状に発泡成形したものである。発泡成形は、化学架橋発泡成形法、電子線架橋発泡成形法、押出発泡成形法などによって行う。すなわち、例えば、電子線架橋発泡成形法ではポリオレフィン系樹脂に発泡剤、助剤などの添加剤を添加し、押出機でシート状に成形し、次いで電子線などの電離性放射線をを照射して原料樹脂を架橋させ、その後加熱して発泡させて発泡体シートを得る。また、押出発泡成形法では、押出機のホッパーにポリオレフィン系樹脂及び助剤を投入し押出機内で溶融混練し、この溶融状態の樹脂中に加圧状態で揮発性発泡剤を注入し混合し、その後ダイから大気中にシート状に押し出して発泡体シートを得る。
【0011】
上記の方法で成形した発泡体シートは、その両面がスキン層である。本発明では、スキン層面とスライス面とを有するポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートを用いる。そのため、本発明で用いるポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートは、通常の2倍の厚さの発泡体シートを成形し、この発泡体シートを厚さ方向中央部でスライスことにより効率良く製造することができる。発泡体シートは発泡倍率15〜30倍のものが好ましい。15倍以下では硬く、折れシワが出やすくなる。30倍以上ではスライス面の基材との接着が悪くなる。また、発泡体シートの厚さは、表皮材の使用目的で異なるが、1.0〜2.5mmである。
【0012】
本発明のポリオレフィン系表皮材のポリオレフィン系樹脂シートは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体などのポリオレフィン系樹脂のシートである。また、ポリオレフィン系樹脂とオレフィン系ゴムとを混練したポリオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーや、ポリオレフィン系樹脂とオレフィン系ゴムとを混練し部分架橋させた或は完全架橋させたポリオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーのシートである。特に、50%伸張応力(この測定法は、JIS K6732の引張試験法に準ずる)が450N/cm2〜1100N/cm2であるポリオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーが好ましい。450N/cm2未満では表面強度が不足し、1100N/cm2を超えると硬くなり、作業性が悪くなり、また商品性が劣る。
【0013】
ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートをポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートのスキン層面に積層するには、ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートの積層面を150〜200℃に加熱し、一方ポリオレフィン系発泡体シートの積層面(スキン層面)を50〜100℃に加熱し、両シートの積層面同士を合わせ、圧力を掛けて圧着させる。また、接着剤を用いて接着しても良いし、接着剤を付与するときにコロナ放電処理を行ってもよい。
【0014】
本発明のポリオレフィン系表皮材は自動車のインストルメントパネル、ドア、シートバックポケット、ピラー、アームレスト、コンソールボックス、天井等の内装材などに好適である。例えば、ポリプロピレン基材と重ね合わせ、プレス圧着成形し端末を巻き込んでピラーやシートバックポケットを作成する。またプレス成形した後、ポリプロピレン基材、ウレタンモールドフォームと重ね、端末を巻き込んでタッカー止めしてアームレストやコンソールボックスカバーを作成する。
【0015】
【実施例】
実施例1
エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン系ゴム(EPDM=オレフィン系ゴム)48質量%とランダムポリプロピレン20質量%とパラフィンオイル32質量%とを動的に部分架橋させたオレフィン系ゴム40質量部、ホモポリプロピレン30質量部、ランダムポリプロピレン質量部、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン15質量部、炭酸カルシウム粉末10質量部、ステアリン酸亜鉛0.3質量部、リン酸エステル金属塩0.2質量部、光安定剤0.2質量部、紫外線吸収剤0.1質量部及び顔料7質量部を混合し、押出成形機を用いてTダイから押出して、厚さ0.35mmのポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを成形した。このシートの50%伸張応力は、タテ794.3N/cm2、ヨコ704.8N/cm2であった。このシートの表面を、シリコーン変性ポリカーボネート系ウレタンで表面処理し、絞付け加工した。
【0016】
積水化学工業社製のポリオレフィン系発泡体シート(商品名:LPM1502)を厚さ方向中央部でスライスして、片面がスキン層であり、反対面がスライス面である厚さ1.0mmの発泡体シートを作成した。
上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートの裏面(積層面)を180℃に加熱し、一方ポリオレフィン系発泡体シートのスキン層面(積層面)を60℃に加熱し、積層面同士を重ね合わせ圧着して表皮材を作成した。
【0017】
上記で得た表皮材を、プライマーコートしたポリプロピレン基材の上に載置しプレス圧縮成形した。この成形品について、下記の評価方法で、表面傷付性、端末巻き込み性、折れシワ性、高温加熱ふくれ性について調べた。その結果を表1に示す。
表面傷付性は、JIS K5600−5−4(1999)に準じて試験した。すなわち、高度Hの鉛筆を用い、荷重を変化させながら、表面傷付性を調べた。荷重は、500g、600g、700g、800g、900gにした。順次荷重を増し、表面に傷付いたときの荷重(NG)を示した。
巻き込み性は、巻き込み作業時の作業性を相対評価した。
折れシワ性は、直径が35mm,25mm,15mm,10mm,5mm,3mm,1mmの丸棒のそれぞれに太い方から順に表皮材を巻きつけて折れシワが生じた時の丸棒の直径で評価した。
高温加熱時ふくれ性は、表皮材を160℃及び180℃で加熱し、ふくれの発生を目で見て調べた。160℃及び180℃のどちらの温度でもふくれが発生しないものは○、どちらの温度でもふくれるものは×に評価した。
【0018】
また、比較のために、実施例1と同じ材質のポリオレフィン系発泡体シートを用いて下記の比較例の表皮材を作成し、この表皮材についても上記の諸特性を調べた。その結果を合わせて表1に示す。
比較例1:スキン層面とスライスとを有するポリオレフィン系発泡体シートのスライス面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層した表皮材
比較例2:両面スキン層の厚さ1.0mmのポリオレフィン系発泡体シートの片面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層した表皮材
比較例3:両面スライス面のの厚さ1.0mmのポリオレフィン系発泡体シートの片面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層した表皮材
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003689851
【0020】
また、各表皮材のそれぞれに、モールドウレタンと基材とを重ねた構成にし(表皮材とモールドウレタンとは重ねただけで接着していない)、これに肘をついて沈み感を確認した。実施例1、比較例2は柔軟で滑らかな沈み感であった。比較例1、3はごわごわ感があり、商品性が劣った。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明のポリオレフィン系表皮材は、表面強度が高く、端末巻込性、折れシワ性、高温加熱時のふくれ性に優れている。そのため、自動車の内装材の作成に有用である。特に、アームレスト、コンソールカバーなどように、モールドウレタンに重ねて用いる、肘をつく内装材に適する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention mainly relates to a skin material used for interior materials such as an instrument panel, a door, a console box, and a ceiling of an automobile.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The skin materials used for interior materials such as automotive instrument panels, doors, seat back pockets, pillars, armrests, console boxes, ceilings, etc., have traditionally been polyvinyl chloride sheets and thermoplastic elastomers on one side of polyolefin resin foam sheets. A laminate of sheets is used (for example, see Patent Document 1). As the polyolefin-based resin foam sheet, a sheet foam-molded by an extrusion foam molding machine or the like is used.
[0003]
By the way, in recent years, from the viewpoint of recyclability, as a raw material for molding skin materials such as stamping molding, vacuum forming (drawing reversal type or undrawn type), pressure forming, press molding, and the like, polyolefin instead of the above polyvinyl chloride sheet is used. The use of a resin-based resin sheet has been performed. However, the skin material with a polyolefin resin sheet laminated on one side of a polyolefin resin foam sheet formed by extrusion foaming or the like is attached to a base material compared to a conventional skin material with a polyvinyl chloride sheet laminated. There is a problem that the workability of the so-called terminal entrainment work is poor.
[0004]
That is, the polyvinyl chloride sheet has a large temperature dependency of the ease of deformation even at a low temperature around room temperature, and therefore, the skin material laminated with the polyvinyl chloride sheet can be easily wound even with residual heat after heat forming and has a good appearance. In addition, even when it has cooled down, it is possible to perform the entrainment work easily and with good appearance with a little heating. On the other hand, the polyolefin resin sheet has a large temperature dependency of the ease of deformation at high temperatures, but the temperature dependency of the ease of deformation at low temperatures around room temperature is small. It is difficult to finish with good appearance.
[0005]
In addition, the skin material in which a polyolefin resin sheet is laminated on one side of a conventional polyolefin resin foam sheet has a large repulsive force, is difficult to bend uniformly, and is easy to bend and wrinkle. Likely to happen. In addition, when the skin material is partially bonded to the base material, there is a problem that the non-bonded portion is easily broken and wrinkled. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been proposed an interior material that does not have much adhesive portion with the base material and is filled with urethane mold foam between the base material and the skin material (for example, Patent Document 2). However, there is a problem that it is easy to crease and has low merchantability. In addition, the skin material that tends to bend and wrinkle has a poor feeling of sinking when a load is applied. Therefore, a flexible skin material that does not crease and has a natural feeling of sinking is particularly desired for a member that sandwiches a urethane mold foam such as an armrest or a console box between the base material and the skin material.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-262716 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-126873 [0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and for a skin material formed by laminating a polyolefin resin foam sheet and a polyolefin resin sheet, the winding workability is good, and a winding portion can be easily formed with good appearance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyolefin-based resin skin material that is flexible and has high surface strength that does not crease when bent.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems with the skin material, the present inventors have laminated a polyolefin resin sheet, and the polyolefin resin foam sheet formed by a conventional extrusion foam molding machine or the like is laminated on both sides. A skin layer is present, and the presence of the skin layers on both sides makes the above-mentioned winding workability worse, and causes the above-mentioned folding wrinkles, and a polyolefin resin sheet is laminated. The present invention has been completed by finding that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by making the opposite surface of the surface not a skin layer.
[0009]
That is, the present invention is a skin material obtained by laminating a polyolefin resin foam sheet and a polyolefin resin sheet, wherein the polyolefin resin foam sheet has a skin layer surface and a slice surface, and the skin. A polyolefin-based skin material in which a polyolefin-based resin sheet is laminated on a layer surface.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The polyolefin resin foam sheet of the polyolefin skin material of the present invention is obtained by foam-molding a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymer into a sheet shape. Foam molding is performed by a chemical cross-linking foam molding method, an electron beam cross-linking foam molding method, an extrusion foam molding method, or the like. That is, for example, in the electron beam cross-linking foam molding method, an additive such as a foaming agent and an auxiliary agent is added to a polyolefin resin, the sheet is molded with an extruder, and then irradiated with ionizing radiation such as an electron beam. The raw material resin is cross-linked and then heated and foamed to obtain a foam sheet. Further, in the extrusion foam molding method, a polyolefin resin and an auxiliary agent are charged into the hopper of the extruder and melt kneaded in the extruder, and a volatile foaming agent is injected and mixed in the molten resin in a pressurized state. Thereafter, the sheet is extruded from the die into the atmosphere to obtain a foam sheet.
[0011]
Both sides of the foam sheet formed by the above method are skin layers. In the present invention, a polyolefin resin foam sheet having a skin layer surface and a slice surface is used. Therefore, the polyolefin-based resin foam sheet used in the present invention can be efficiently produced by forming a foam sheet twice as thick as usual and slicing the foam sheet at the center in the thickness direction. . The foam sheet preferably has an expansion ratio of 15 to 30 times. If it is 15 times or less, it is hard and it becomes easy to wrinkle. If it is 30 times or more, the adhesion of the slicing surface to the base material becomes poor. The thickness of the foam sheet is 1.0 to 2.5 mm, although it varies depending on the purpose of use of the skin material.
[0012]
The polyolefin resin sheet of the polyolefin skin material of the present invention is a sheet of polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer. Also, a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer kneaded with polyolefin resin and olefin rubber, or a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer sheet kneaded with polyolefin resin and olefin rubber and partially or completely crosslinked. . In particular, a polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer having a 50% elongation stress (this measurement method conforms to the tensile test method of JIS K6732) of 450 N / cm 2 to 1100 N / cm 2 is preferable. Insufficient surface strength is less than 450N / cm 2, becomes hard and when it is more than 1100N / cm 2, workability is deteriorated, and the commodity is poor.
[0013]
In order to laminate the polyolefin resin sheet on the skin layer surface of the polyolefin resin foam sheet, the lamination surface of the polyolefin resin sheet is heated to 150 to 200 ° C., while the lamination surface (skin layer surface) of the polyolefin foam sheet is used. It heats to 50-100 degreeC, the lamination | stacking surfaces of both sheets are match | combined, pressure is applied, and it is crimped | bonded. Moreover, you may adhere | attach using an adhesive agent, and when giving an adhesive agent, you may perform a corona discharge process.
[0014]
The polyolefin-based skin material of the present invention is suitable for automotive interior panels, doors, seat back pockets, pillars, armrests, console boxes, ceilings and other interior materials. For example, a pillar and a seat back pocket are created by overlapping with a polypropylene base material, press-compression molding, and winding a terminal. Moreover, after press molding, it overlaps with a polypropylene base material and urethane mold foam, and a terminal is rolled up and tackered to create an armrest and a console box cover.
[0015]
【Example】
Example 1
Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM = olefin rubber) 48 mass%, random polypropylene 20 mass% and paraffin oil 32 mass% dynamically partially crosslinked olefin rubber 40 mass parts, homopolypropylene 30 mass parts , Random polypropylene parts by mass, linear low density polyethylene 15 parts by mass, calcium carbonate powder 10 parts by mass, zinc stearate 0.3 parts by mass, phosphate metal salt 0.2 parts by mass, light stabilizer 0.2 parts by mass Part, 0.1 part by weight of ultraviolet absorber and 7 parts by weight of pigment were mixed and extruded from a T-die using an extruder to form a polyolefin resin sheet having a thickness of 0.35 mm. The 50% elongation stress of this sheet was vertical 794.3 N / cm 2 and horizontal 704.8 N / cm 2 . The surface of this sheet was surface-treated with a silicone-modified polycarbonate-based urethane and subjected to a drawing process.
[0016]
A polyolefin foam sheet (trade name: LPM1502) manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. is sliced at the center in the thickness direction, and a foam having a thickness of 1.0 mm, one side of which is a skin layer and the other side is a sliced surface. Created a sheet.
The back surface (laminate surface) of the polyolefin-based resin sheet is heated to 180 ° C., while the skin layer surface (laminate surface) of the polyolefin-based foam sheet is heated to 60 ° C. It was created.
[0017]
The skin material obtained above was placed on a primer-coated polypropylene substrate and press compression molded. With respect to this molded article, the following evaluation methods were used to examine surface scratch resistance, terminal wrapping property, folding wrinkle property, and high-temperature heating blistering property. The results are shown in Table 1.
The surface scratch resistance was tested according to JIS K5600-5-4 (1999). That is, using a pencil with an altitude H, the surface scratch resistance was examined while changing the load. The load was 500 g, 600 g, 700 g, 800 g, and 900 g. The load (NG) when the load was sequentially increased and the surface was damaged was shown.
For the entrainment property, the workability during the entrainment work was relatively evaluated.
The wrinkle resistance was evaluated by the diameter of the round bar when the wrinkle was generated by winding the skin material in order from the thicker one to the round bar of 35 mm, 25 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm, 1 mm in diameter. .
The blistering property at high temperature heating was examined by visually checking the occurrence of blistering by heating the skin material at 160 ° C and 180 ° C. The case where blistering did not occur at either 160 ° C. or 180 ° C. was evaluated as “good”, and the case where blistering at either temperature was evaluated as “poor”.
[0018]
For comparison, a skin material of the following comparative example was prepared using a polyolefin-based foam sheet made of the same material as in Example 1, and the above-mentioned various characteristics were also examined for this skin material. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative Example 1: A skin material in which a polyolefin resin sheet is laminated on a slice surface of a polyolefin foam sheet having a skin layer surface and a slice Comparative Example 2: One surface of a polyolefin foam sheet having a double-sided skin layer thickness of 1.0 mm Comparative Example 3 of Layered Polyolefin Resin Sheet on Layer: Surface Layered Layer of Polyolefin Resin Sheet on One Side of 1.0 mm Thickness Polyolefin Foam Sheet with Double-side Sliced Surface
[Table 1]
Figure 0003689851
[0020]
Moreover, it was set as the structure which laminated | stacked the mold urethane and the base material on each of each skin material (the skin material and the mold urethane were not bonded only by overlapping), and the feeling of sinking was confirmed by attaching an elbow to this. Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 had a soft and smooth feeling of sinking. Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were stiff and the merchantability was poor.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The polyolefin-based skin material of the present invention has high surface strength, and is excellent in terminal wrapping property, crease property, and blistering property at high temperature heating. Therefore, it is useful for the production of automobile interior materials. In particular, it is suitable for interior materials with elbows, such as armrests and console covers, which are used in layers with molded urethane.

Claims (1)

ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートとポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを積層してなる表皮材であって、上記のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体シートがスキン層面とスライス面とを有し、且つそのスキン層面にポリオレフィン系樹脂シートが積層していることを特徴とするポリオレフィン系表皮材。A skin material obtained by laminating a polyolefin resin foam sheet and a polyolefin resin sheet, the polyolefin resin foam sheet having a skin layer surface and a slice surface, and the polyolefin resin sheet on the skin layer surface A polyolefin-based skin material characterized in that is laminated.
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JP2011235775A (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-24 Tomei Kasei Kk Vehicle interior equipment, and skin material for vehicle interior used as skin material of the vehicle interior equipment
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