JP3685576B2 - Electrode for lithium ion secondary battery - Google Patents

Electrode for lithium ion secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3685576B2
JP3685576B2 JP01765897A JP1765897A JP3685576B2 JP 3685576 B2 JP3685576 B2 JP 3685576B2 JP 01765897 A JP01765897 A JP 01765897A JP 1765897 A JP1765897 A JP 1765897A JP 3685576 B2 JP3685576 B2 JP 3685576B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
chlorotrifluoroethylene
ion secondary
active material
lithium ion
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JP01765897A
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JPH10199536A (en
Inventor
和幸 道下
裕二郎 山本
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Asahi Kasei EMD Corp
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Asahi Kasei EMD Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は非水電解質リチウムイオン二次電池に関し、特に活物質等を集電体に接着するために用いる結着剤に関するものである。
【従来の技術】
近年、電子機器の小型化、軽量化はめざましく、それに伴い電源となる電池に対しても高性能、小型化、軽量化が要求されている。その中でもリチウムイオン二次電池は高エネルギー密度の高性能電池として有望視されている。
リチウムイオン二次電池は、一般的には活物質と導電性助剤を混合し、この混合物と予め結着剤を溶解していた溶剤でスラリーを作製後、集電体である金属箔上に塗布し、乾燥、プレスを行い、スリットや捲回などの工程を経て電池としている。
【0002】
このときの結着剤としては、従来から知られているテフロン、ポリエチレン、ニトリルゴム、ポリブタジエン、ブチルゴム、ポリスチレン、スチレン/ ブタジエンゴム、多硫化ゴム、ニトロセルロース、シアノエチルセルロース、各種のラテックス及びアクリロニトリル、フッ化ビニル、フッ化ビニリデン、フッ化プロピレン、フッ化クロロプレン等の重合物及びれらの混合物などが挙げられる。その中で、特開平4−95363号公報にはゴム弾性を有し、且つ耐熱温度が200℃以上を有する結着剤として、クロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンとの共重合物を主成分とするフッ素ゴムを用いて集電体からの剥離等を改善して、充放電サイクル特性を向上する技術が開示されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
フッ化ビニリデン系重合物の中でもゴム弾性をほとんど有しないフッ化ビニリデン樹脂を結着剤とすると、該樹脂は剛性があるため活物質、導電剤および結着剤で構成される電極合剤層部が硬くなり、プレスまたはスリット,捲回などの加工工程で電極合剤層部に亀裂や剥離が生じ生産性が低下する問題がある。また、電池缶内部で電極合剤層部が剥離、脱落すると電池容量低下、集電性低下等種々の問題が発生する。
【0004】
本発明は、結着剤として特定のフッ化ビニリデン共重合物を用いて柔軟な電極合剤層を形成することにより、プレス等のプロセスにおいて成形加工が容易に行え、かつ電極合剤層に亀裂や剥離が全く生じることがなく、以て電池の生産性向上や電池寿命を改善することを目的とするものである。
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能な活物質を有する正極と、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能な活物質を有する負極とで構成されているリチウムイオン二次電池において、正極および/または負極の活物質結着剤がクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物単独からなり、且つクロロトリフルオロエチレン含有量が10〜15重量%である。
【0005】
本発明の共重合物は、ゴム弾性はほとんどなくしかも溶融温度が200℃未満となる性質を有しており、この共重合物を用いることで電極合剤層が柔軟になるため、プレス,スリット,捲回などの加工工程や電池缶において電極合剤層の亀裂や剥離、脱落を回避できる効果を有する。
【0006】
クロロトリフルオロエチレン含有量が8重量%未満ではフッ化ビニリデン樹脂特有の剛性が強くなるため、電極合剤層が硬くなり折り曲げ加工で亀裂や剥離が発生する。一方、20重量%を越えると結着剤の電解液への溶解が著しくなり電池組立後に活物質や導電剤が電極から剥離、脱落し易くなる。
本発明の実施においては、正極活物質、負極活物質、導電性助剤、および電解液等は特に限定するものではなく、従来より公知のものが使用できる。
【0007】
正極活物質としては、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能なものであればよい。例えば、リチウム複合酸化物Lix Y z 2 (Mは遷移金属の少なくとも一種を表し、Nは非遷移金属の少なくとも一種を表し、X、Y、Zは各々0.05<X<1.10,0.85<Y≦1.00,0≦Z<0.10の数を有し、Mはコバルト、ニッケル、マンガン及びその他の遷移金属の一種またはそれらの混合物を表し、NはAl、In、Snの少なくとも一種を表する。)が挙げられる。
負極活物質としては、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能なものであればよい。例えば、熱分解炭素類、コークス類(ピッチコークス、ニードルコークス、石油コークス等)、黒鉛類、ガラス状炭素類、有機高分子化合物焼成体、炭素繊維、活性炭等の炭素材料が挙げられる。
【0008】
導電性助剤は、活性炭、各種のコークス、アセチレンブラック、天然及び人造の各種黒鉛等の炭素材料が挙げられる。
電解液としての有機溶媒には、例えばエーテル類、ケトン類、ラクトン類、ニトリル類、アミン類、アミド類、硫黄化合物、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、エステル類、カーボネート類、ニトロ化合物、リン酸エステル系化合物、スルホラン系化合物等を用いることができるが、これらのうちでもエーテル類、ケトン類、エステル類、ラクトン類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、カーボネート類、スルホラン系化合物が好ましい。これらの例としては、テトラヒドロフラン、2ーメチルテトラヒドロフラン、1、4ージオキサン、アニソール、モノグライム、4ーメチルー2ーペンタノン、酢酸エチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、1、2ージクロロエタン、γーブチロラクトン、ジメトキシエタン、メチルフォルメイト、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルチオホルムアミド、スルホラン、3ーメチルースルホラン、リン酸トリメチル、リン酸トリエチル及びこれらの混合溶媒等を挙げることができ、また電解液に用いる電解質には、LiClO4 、LiBF4 、LiAsF6 、LiPF6 等及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例、比較例により本発明を詳細に述べる。
【実施例】
実施例1
正極作製は、先ず正極活物質としてLiCoO2 を100g、導電剤としてグラフアイト5g、結着剤としてクロロトリフルオロエチレンを15重量%含有するクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物の3gをN─メチル─2─ピロリドンに分散させてスラリーにした。次にこの正極合剤スラリーを厚さ15μmのアルミシートの片面に均一になる様にアプリケーターで手塗り塗工した後、120℃のオーブンで乾燥し、乾燥後の電極を幅10cm、長さ15cmのサイズにカットしロールプレス機を用いて40kg/cm2 Gの圧力で5回プレスした。
実施例2
結着剤としてクロロトリフルオロエチレンを10重量%含有するクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製した。
【0010】
実施例3
負極作製は、先ず負極活物質としてカーボンを100g、結着剤としてクロロトリフルオロエチレンを15重量%含有するクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物の3gをN─メチル─2─ピロリドンに分散させてスラリーにした。次にこの負極合剤スラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔シートの片面に均一になる様にアプリケーターで手塗り塗工した後、120℃のオーブンで乾燥し、乾燥後の電極を幅10cm、長さ15cmのサイズにカットしロールプレス機を用いて40kg/cm2 Gの圧力で5回プレスした。
【0011】
比較例1
結着剤としてクロロトリフルオロエチレンを6重量%含有するクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製した。
比較例2
結着剤としてクロロトリフルオロエチレンを22重量%含有するクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製した。
【0012】
以上の実施例と比較例において得たプレス後の電極について、電極合剤層の集電体に対する密着性評価(R評価)とエチレンカーボネート液(60℃)への浸漬(10日間)による耐溶剤性評価を行った。
R評価は、一定の厚みを有し且つ片側にR加工を施した金属板に電極集電体である金属箔が内側すなわち電極合剤層が外側になる様に押し付け、金属板のR加工部で180度折り曲げ、曲げ部分の電極合剤層の状態について亀裂あるいは剥離の有無を評価した。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003685576
<判定> ○:変化なし
△:やや亀裂発生
×:大きな亀裂、あるいは剥離
【0014】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、電極合剤層が柔軟であるためプレスやスリット、捲回などの加工工程での亀裂や剥離を防止でき、電池の生産性向上や電池寿命を改善したリチウムイオン二次電池用電極を提供できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery, and more particularly to a binder used for bonding an active material or the like to a current collector.
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electronic devices have been remarkably reduced in size and weight, and as a result, a battery serving as a power source is also required to have high performance, size reduction, and weight reduction. Among them, lithium ion secondary batteries are regarded as promising as high-performance batteries with high energy density.
In general, a lithium ion secondary battery is a mixture of an active material and a conductive aid, and a slurry is prepared with a solvent in which the mixture and a binder have been dissolved in advance. The battery is applied, dried, pressed, and subjected to processes such as slitting and winding.
[0002]
The binder used here includes conventionally known Teflon, polyethylene, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, polystyrene, styrene / butadiene rubber, polysulfide rubber, nitrocellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, various latexes and acrylonitrile, fluorine. Examples thereof include polymers such as vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, propylene fluoride, and chloroprene fluoride, and mixtures thereof. Among them, JP-A-4-95363 discloses a binder of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride as a main component as a binder having rubber elasticity and a heat-resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher. A technique for improving the charge / discharge cycle characteristics by improving the peeling from the current collector and the like using a fluoro rubber is disclosed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among vinylidene fluoride-based polymers, when a vinylidene fluoride resin having almost no rubber elasticity is used as a binder, the resin mixture has rigidity, so that the electrode mixture layer portion composed of an active material, a conductive agent, and a binder However, there is a problem that the electrode mixture layer is cracked or peeled off during processing such as pressing, slitting or winding, and the productivity is lowered. In addition, when the electrode mixture layer is peeled and dropped inside the battery can, various problems such as a decrease in battery capacity and a decrease in current collection occur.
[0004]
By forming a flexible electrode mixture layer using a specific vinylidene fluoride copolymer as a binder, the present invention can be easily molded in a process such as pressing, and the electrode mixture layer is cracked. In other words, the object of the present invention is to improve battery productivity and battery life.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a positive electrode and / or negative electrode active material in a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a positive electrode having an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions and a negative electrode having an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions. The material binder is made of a copolymer consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride alone , and the chlorotrifluoroethylene content is 10 to 15% by weight .
[0005]
The copolymer of the present invention has almost no rubber elasticity and has a property that the melting temperature is less than 200 ° C. Since the electrode mixture layer becomes flexible by using this copolymer, press, slit , It has the effect of avoiding cracks, peeling and dropping of the electrode mixture layer in processing steps such as winding and battery cans.
[0006]
When the content of chlorotrifluoroethylene is less than 8% by weight, the rigidity specific to vinylidene fluoride resin becomes strong, so that the electrode mixture layer becomes hard and cracks and peeling occur during bending. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 20% by weight, the binder is significantly dissolved in the electrolytic solution, and the active material and the conductive agent are easily separated from the electrode and detached after the battery is assembled.
In carrying out the present invention, the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, the electrolytic solution, and the like are not particularly limited, and conventionally known materials can be used.
[0007]
Any positive electrode active material that can occlude and release lithium ions may be used. For example, the lithium composite oxide Li x MY N z O 2 (M represents at least one kind of transition metal, N represents at least one kind of non-transition metal, and X, Y, and Z each represent 0.05 <X <1. .10, 0.85 <Y ≦ 1.00, 0 ≦ Z <0.10, M represents one or a mixture of cobalt, nickel, manganese and other transition metals, and N represents Al , In, or Sn).
Any negative electrode active material that can occlude and release lithium ions may be used. Examples thereof include carbon materials such as pyrolytic carbons, cokes (pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, etc.), graphites, glassy carbons, organic polymer compound fired bodies, carbon fibers, activated carbon, and the like.
[0008]
Examples of the conductive auxiliary agent include carbon materials such as activated carbon, various cokes, acetylene black, and natural and artificial graphite.
Examples of the organic solvent as the electrolytic solution include ethers, ketones, lactones, nitriles, amines, amides, sulfur compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, carbonates, nitro compounds, and phosphate esters. Compounds, sulfolane compounds and the like can be used, and among these, ethers, ketones, esters, lactones, halogenated hydrocarbons, carbonates, and sulfolane compounds are preferable. Examples of these include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, anisole, monoglyme, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate, 1,2-dichloroethane, γ-butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, Methyl formate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylthioformamide, sulfolane, 3-methyl-sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate and these mixed solvent or the like can be mentioned, and also in the electrolyte used in the electrolytic solution, LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiP 6, etc. and mixtures thereof.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
【Example】
Example 1
First, 100 g of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, 5 g of graphite as a conductive agent, and 3 g of a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride containing 15% by weight of chlorotrifluoroethylene as a binder are prepared. Was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a slurry. Next, this positive electrode mixture slurry was hand-coated with an applicator so as to be uniform on one side of a 15 μm thick aluminum sheet, and then dried in an oven at 120 ° C. The dried electrode was 10 cm wide and 15 cm long. And was pressed five times at a pressure of 40 kg / cm 2 G using a roll press.
Example 2
An electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a copolymer composed of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride containing 10% by weight of chlorotrifluoroethylene was used as a binder.
[0010]
Example 3
First, 100 g of carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and 3 g of a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride containing 15% by weight of chlorotrifluoroethylene as the binder was added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. To make a slurry. Next, this negative electrode mixture slurry was hand-coated with an applicator so as to be uniform on one side of a 10 μm thick copper foil sheet, then dried in an oven at 120 ° C., and the dried electrode was 10 cm wide and long. It was cut into a size of 15 cm and pressed 5 times at a pressure of 40 kg / cm 2 G using a roll press.
[0011]
Comparative Example 1
An electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a copolymer composed of chlorotrifluoroethylene containing 6% by weight of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride was used as a binder.
Comparative Example 2
An electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a copolymer composed of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride containing 22% by weight of chlorotrifluoroethylene was used as a binder.
[0012]
About the electrode after the press obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the solvent resistance by adhesion evaluation (R evaluation) of the electrode mixture layer to the current collector and immersion in ethylene carbonate liquid (60 ° C.) (10 days) Sex evaluation was performed.
R evaluation is performed by pressing a metal foil as an electrode current collector on the inner side, that is, the electrode mixture layer on the outer side, against a metal plate having a certain thickness and having R processing on one side. Then, the state of the electrode mixture layer at the bent portion was evaluated for the presence or absence of cracks or peeling.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003685576
<Judgment> ○: No change Δ: Slight cracking ×: Large crack or peeling
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, since the electrode mixture layer is flexible, it is possible to prevent cracking and peeling in processing steps such as pressing, slitting and winding, and to improve battery productivity and battery life. Can provide.

Claims (1)

リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能な活物質を有する正極と、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能な活物質を有する負極とで構成されているリチウムイオン二次電池において、正極および/または負極に用いる結着剤がクロロトリフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンからなる共重合物単独からなり、且つクロロトリフルオロエチレン含有量が10〜15重量%であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。In a lithium ion secondary battery composed of a positive electrode having an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions and a negative electrode having an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a binder used for the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode is An electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride alone and having a chlorotrifluoroethylene content of 10 to 15 % by weight.
JP01765897A 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Electrode for lithium ion secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP3685576B2 (en)

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JP5626791B2 (en) * 2008-12-26 2014-11-19 株式会社クレハ Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode mixture, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
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