JP3683673B2 - Residual formwork - Google Patents

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JP3683673B2
JP3683673B2 JP11431197A JP11431197A JP3683673B2 JP 3683673 B2 JP3683673 B2 JP 3683673B2 JP 11431197 A JP11431197 A JP 11431197A JP 11431197 A JP11431197 A JP 11431197A JP 3683673 B2 JP3683673 B2 JP 3683673B2
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JPH10292399A (en
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宣明 高村
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タカムラ総業株式会社
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はコンクリ−ト製の擁壁,砂防ダム,橋脚等の構造物を施工する際に、そのものがコンクリ−ト打設の型枠として使用し、打設後はそのままコンクリ−トの表面に固着し残存するタイプの残存型枠に関し、特には構造物の人目に付かない裏側に使用するためのものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、コンクリ−ト製の擁壁,砂防ダム,橋脚等の構造物を施工する際に、施工の容易さ及び表面の仕上の美しさあるいは建設廃材等の環境との面からも、構造物の表面に取付ける壁材として、残存型枠が使用されている。
【0003】
この残存型枠は、通常表型枠部材であり、つまり、片側表面を天然石風の外観化粧仕上されたコンクリ−ト製のプレ−トである。この一定面積のプレ−トを型枠部材として使用しコンクリ−ト構造物が施工される際、コンクリ−ト構造物の人目に触れる表側に順次並べて表型枠部材とし、対向する人目に触れない裏側の対向部材と間を種々の固定具を用いて全体を枠組し、枠組された表型枠部材と対向部材との間にコンクリ−トを打設し、表型枠部材はそのまま壁板として打設コンクリ−トに結合し残存させ、対向部材はコンクリ−トを打設後に取外しするものであった。この打設コンクリ−トの裏側に枠組する対向部材は、合板又は鉄製の型枠を枠組したもの、あるいは時として表型枠部材をそのまま裏側にも型枠として使用することもあった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記打設するコンクリ−トの裏側に枠組する対向部材は、合板型枠工法では大工の技量に左右され熟練を要し、脱型作業も手間を要し、その際に廃材も多く出て環境的にも悪影響を及ぼす。他方金型枠では廃材は殆ど出ないとしても、必ず脱型作業を必要とし、その重量も重いので搬出に多大な手間を要し、又、脱型後の型枠の清掃作業も必要となり、このため、従来の対向部材ではいずれにしても作業性が悪く、コスト面で有利でなく、特に合板では廃材の発生により環境面からも良くなく、又、表面化粧仕上した表型枠部材を裏側の型枠として使用することは、脱型作業が不要で廃材が出ない等の利点を有するも、人目に触れない裏側にこのような化粧仕上した表型枠部材を使用すると、施工費が高く付くと共に、表型枠部材には見栄え上貫通穴が無く、このため、打設コンクリ−トの余分な水分及び打設時に空気を逃がすことができない等の問題点を有していた。従って裏側用に使用する残存型枠が要望されていた。
【0005】
本発明は前記の問題点に鑑み、コンクリ−ト打設における枠組、特に人目に触れない裏側の枠組が容易で、コンクリ−ト打設後の脱型作業を不要とし、且つ廃材が出ず、省力化及び環境的にもよい残存型枠を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
他の目的は、比較的軽量で強く、且つ打設コンクリ−トとの結合性が良く、しかも打設コンクリ−トの余分な水分あるいは打設時の空気を逃がせると共に打設コンクリ−トの充填状態が確認でき、更に安価な裏側用の残存型枠を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の残存型枠は、表面処理を施したエキスパンドメタルの金網(2)入りで表面化粧仕上のない四角形状のコンクリート系パネル(1)面に、少なくとも多数の貫通穴(1a)を前記金網(2)の網目(2a)位置に穿設し、且つ前記コンクリート系パネル(1)の外周には、その各角部に面取り部(1b)を、各辺部に切欠溝(1c)を形成し、前記各貫通穴(1a)の最小径部における穴径が1mm〜25mmの範囲としたものである。
【0008】
又、本発明の残存型枠は、前記コンクリート系パネル(1)の裏面側に、前記貫通穴(1a)の他に、テーパー状の穴形である多数の溝穴(1d)を前記金網(2)の網目( 2a )位置に穿設したもので、残存型枠全体を軽量化し、運搬及び作業性の面で好ましく、打設コンクリートとの結合性もよい。尚、コンクリート系パネル(1)の裏面側とは、打設コンクリートと結合する側のコンクリート系パネル(1)の面を言う。
【0009】
前記貫通穴(1a)は、テ−パ−状の段付貫通穴とすると、打設コンクリ−トとの結合性がよく、コンクリ−ト打設時の空気の逃げもよい点で好ましい。
【0010】
前記貫通穴( 1a )は、前記金網(2)の網目(2a)位置に穿設させ、且つ前記溝穴(1d)は、テーパー状の穴形とすると、ストレートな溝穴に比べコンクリート打設時の空気逃げもよく空気だまりがなく、又、打設コンクリートとが溝穴(1d) 内に入り易い点で好ましい。
【0011】
前記面取り部(1b)は、45°の角度で直線状に面取りするか、あるいは円弧状に面取りし、且つ前記切欠溝(1c)は、45°開きのV字状に切欠いて形成するか、あるいは半円状に形成すると、枠組の際にそれら面取り部(1b)、切欠溝(1c)自体の合わせが簡単で、合わせてできる外周通し穴(1e)も正方形又は円形となり、その外周通し穴(1e)にボルト等を挿通する場合に好ましい。
【0012】
前記金網(2)は、エキスパンドメタルが特有な網目形状なため、補強骨材として強く、又、網目(2a)内に貫通穴(1a)あるいは溝穴(1d)を穿設するのに都合がよく、好ましく、更にエキスパンドメタルに表面処理を施すのが長期間錆ることなく全体の強度を維持でき好ましい。
【0013】
前記コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)は、その裏面側の周辺角を全周面取りする。これにより各枠組でコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を直角又は曲面に沿って配列する場合に、互の裏面側の角が当らず、当接するコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の表面側の開き具合を少なくできる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施形態につき説明する。先ず本発明の実施形態につき、図1は本発明の実施例を示す平面図である。図2は本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。この図1,2中において、(1)は一定の厚さと面積を有した表面化粧仕上が施していない四角形のコンクリ−ト系パネルである。該コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)としては、通常セメントに砂及び砂利等を適宜に配合して硬化したコンクリ−トが使用され、このコンクリ−トとしては、単にレジンコンクリ−トや特殊シリカセメントが用いられる他に、硬化したコンクリ−トに低粘度のビニル系モノマ−を含浸.重合させたり、コンクリ−トに金属短繊維を混入し硬化させ、その中に低粘度のビニル系ポリマ−を含浸.重合させたりすると耐久性及び機械的強度を著しく向上させることができる。又、軽量化対策として発泡コンクリ−トとして使用する場合もある。更にコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の厚さとしては、軽量化のため50mm以下の厚さが望ましく、好ましくは30mm〜50mmの範囲が軽量化及び強度の面で使用するのによい。
【0015】
又、本発明では、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)面に多数の貫通穴(1a)を後述する金網(2)の網目(2a)の位置、つまり中に一定間隔で穿設している。この貫通穴(1a)は、ストレ−ト穴以外に、その形状が打設コンクリ−トが流し込んで結合する側の裏面側を大きくテ−パ−状に座ぐり、その座ぐり穴から表面側に小径の穴を貫通させ、この貫通穴(1a)の断面形状は、全体としてテ−パ−状の段付溝穴に形成したものである。従って、貫通穴(1a)の最小径部とは、貫通穴(1a)の一番細い部分の穴径部を示し、図1ではコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の表面側、つまり打設コンクリ−トと結合しない面側の穴径に相当するが、必ずしも表面側と限らずコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の中間の場合もある。この貫通穴(1a)の配列としては、金網(2)の網目(2a)と同じく配列するが、場合によっては、網目(2a)を選択して平行又は千鳥状に配列することもある。又、この貫通穴(1a)の最小径部の穴径は1mm〜25mmの範囲とし、この最小径部の穴径は、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を枠組する際に針金又はボルトで固定する関係上、1mm以下では強度的に満足な針金が挿通できず、又、25mm以上では打設するコンクリ−トが大量に流出する恐れが生じる。この流出の恐れは、コンクリ−トに混入する砂利の大きさが殆ど25mm以下であるため、穴径が25mm以上では砂利が穴で止められず、コンクリ−トが流出しつづけるからである。
【0016】
更にコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の外周の四隅には、その各角部に面取り部(1b)を形成し、各辺部に切欠溝(1c)を形成させる。この面取り部(1b)及び切欠溝(1c)について更に説明すると、先ず面取り部(1b)は四角形コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の4箇所の角部を45°の角度で直線状にカットした状態で形成され、その面取り部(1b)の大きさは、図5の如く4枚のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を並べ各角部を突き合わせた際に面取り部(1b)で囲まれて形成される四角形状の外周通し穴(1e)が、略4mm〜20mmまでの太さのボルトに対し、使用する太さのボルトに合わせ、そのボルトが丁度良く挿通できる大きさに面取りしたものである。又、面取り部(1b)の形状は45°で直線状にカットすると、前記外周通し穴(1e)が正四角形となり、ボルトを挿通するのに適した形状であり、又、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)自体は角部が当っても欠け難く強度的面で好ましい。又、図示しないが、角部を円の4分の1の円弧状にカットすると外周通し穴(1e)が円形となり、前記正四角形と同様に好ましい。
【0017】
次に、切欠溝(1c)は、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の外周の辺部にV字状の切欠いた溝を形成したものであり、これは図6の如く2枚のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の辺部を突き合わせたり、あるいは1枚の辺部の切欠溝(1c)に他の2枚の角部の面取り部(1b)が位置する際に、前記角部と同様な四角形状の外周通し穴(1e)を形成するためのものであり、この外周通し穴(1e)には前記角部で説明した太さのボルトが挿通されるため、その使用されるボルトの太さに対応した大きさの切欠溝(1c)を選択的に形成している。又、切欠溝(1c)の形状は、45°開きのV字状とすると、外部通し穴(1e)が正四角状となり、ボルトを挿通するのに形状的に好ましい。又、図示しないが、面取り部(1b)を円弧状とし、且つ切欠溝(1c)を半円状に形成すると外周通し穴(1e)は全て円形となり、この場合もボルトを挿通するのに形状的に好ましい。
【0018】
更に、切欠溝(1c)は、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)が長方形の場合、長辺側の中央と各角部近くにそれぞれ1箇所ずつ設け、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を段積みした際に外周通し穴(1e)が形成されるようにしている。しかしながら、切欠溝(1c)の配置については、必ずしも上記の箇所に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて配置され、その数も増減してもよい。
【0019】
(2)は補強用の骨材としての金属製の網であり、特にはエキスパンドメタルが特有な網形状でコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)との結合性もよく、又、強度も強く、安価な点で好ましい。更に金網(2)は、表面処理を施して錆の発生を防止させる。この表面処理としては、メッキ、塗装等であり、特にはカチオン電着塗装が安価で、且つ防錆の面で強い点で好ましく、エキスパンドメタルを使用した場合に塗料の乗りにくいエッジ(角部)が多いため、ダブルコ−トカチオン電着塗装を行うとよい。このダブルコ−トカチオン電着塗装とは、カチオン電着塗装を2回行う塗装方法で、特にエキスパンドメタルのエッジが確実に塗装でき、強固な塗膜を形成でき極めて防錆効果が大きくなる。
【0020】
図3,図4は本発明のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)に貫通穴(1a)と溝穴(1d)の両方を穿設したものを示すそれぞれの実施例を示す平面図,断面図であり、この場合の両者の配列は交互に千鳥状に配列させている。この貫通穴(1a)と溝穴(1d)の両方を穿設したものは、本発明の残存型枠をより軽量化できると共にコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)一枚当りのコンクリ−トの使用量も少なくできコスト的にも安価に製造でき、又、表面積が増大し打設コンクリ−トとの結合がより大きくできる。この場合の溝穴(1d)は、打設コンクリ−トが流れ込み結合するコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の裏面側を大きくテ−パ−状に座ぐって、貫通しない溝穴(1d)を多数形成したものであり、テ−パ−状の溝穴(1d)にすると、ストレ−トの溝穴(1d)に比べ打設コンクリ−トが溝穴(1d)に良く流入し、且つコンクリ−ト打設時の空気抜けが良く、溝穴(1d)に空気だまりが起き難いので好ましい。又、溝穴(1d)は、貫通穴(1a)と同様に金網(2)の網目(2a)の位置に設けると、溝穴(1d)を深くしても金網(2)に当らず、つまり金網(2)が溝穴(1d)で露出せず、且つ溝穴(1d)を形成する際に金網(2)が邪魔にならず好ましい。
【0021】
次に本発明の残存型枠を打設コンクリ−トの裏側に使用した枠組について説明する。図5は本発明の残存型枠を同列に並べた枠組状態を示す平面図である。図6は本発明の残存型枠を横に半分ずらして段積した枠組状態を示す平面図である。図7は本発明の残存型枠と表残存型枠との枠組状態を示す斜視図である。図8は本発明の残存型枠同士を段積みする際の裏面側から見た接続状態を示す一部省略した平面図である。図9は本発明の残存型枠同士の接続状態及び本残存型枠と表残存型枠との間隔保持状態を示す断面図である。図10は、本発明の残存型枠同士を外周通し穴を利用し、パイプで補強する場合の接続状態を示す断面図である。図11は本発明の残存型枠の裏面側から見た部分斜視図である。図12は本発明の残存型枠を曲げて配列した状態を示す断面図である。
【0022】
本発明の残存型枠を段積みする配列方法としては、図5に示す同列に並べたものと、図6に示す上下段を横にずらせて段積みする方法が考えられ、一般的には図6の方法が段積みに対して強く崩れ難く強い段積みとなるので好ましい。
【0023】
又、図7に示すように、本発明の残存型枠は、表面化粧仕上した表残存型枠(3)と対向して打設コンクリ−トの厚さだけ離して配し段積みされる。この際に表残存型枠(3)と本発明のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)間は、概略的に連結プレ−ト(4),長短のセパレ−タ−(5),パイプ(6),ホ−ムタイ(7)及び袋ナット付ボルト(8),ナット(9)等で間隔を保持して枠組される。
【0024】
更に、具体的には図8及び図9に示すように、本発明のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)をずらせて段積みした場合に、下側2枚のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の角部の面取り部(1b)と上段1枚の辺部の切欠溝(1c)とで形成された外周通し穴(1e)を利用し、この外周通し穴(1e)には、表残存型枠(3)から伸びた長短のセパレ−タ−(5)の一端ネジ部が挿通され、その際に打設コンクリ−ト側のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の裏面側には、セパレ−タ−(5)のネジ部が貫通すると共に3枚のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)に跨ぐ断面C形状で板状の接続金具(11)を、ネジ部に2個のナット(10)で挾持して固定し、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の表面側には、前記接続金具(11)と面が略同等の大きさの板座金(12)を当て、その板座金(12)の中央を貫通して伸びた長短のセパレ−タ−(5)のネジ部とナット(9)とで3枚のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を接続固定させる。更に接続金具(11)と板座金(12)とは、端部の貫通穴(1a)を挿通する4本のボルト(13)と、そのボルト(13)と螺合するナット(14)とで締付固定される。これにより、3枚のコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)は互いに確実に接続固定され、コンクリ−ト打設に対して充分な強度を保つのである。
【0025】
図10は外周通し穴(1e)を利用し、パイプで補強する場合の接続状態を示す断面図であり、この図中で、外周通し穴(1e)には、表残存型枠(3)から伸びた長短のセパレ−タ−(5)の一端ネジ部が挿通され、その際にコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の裏面側には、そのネジ部が貫通する断面C形で外周通し穴(1e)を跨ぐ板状の小形接続金具(15)をネジ部に2個のナット(10)で挾持して固定し、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の表面側には、2本の補強用のパイプ(6)をコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)に当接させて設け、このパイプ(6)間まで伸びた長短のセパレ−タ−(5)のネジ部と袋ナット付ボルト(8)とナット(9)とでパイプ(6)を固定し補強し、表残存型枠(3)とコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)との間隔を保持させるのである。他方貫通穴(1a)を利用して本残存型枠と表残存型枠(3)とを間隔保持する場合においても、同様な方法が用いられる。
【0026】
図11,図12では、本発明の残存型枠が裏面側に曲がって配列される場合であって、この場合には、図11のように、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)裏面側の周辺の角が、全周面取りしてあるため、図12のように曲がって配列しても裏面側の角が当らず、表面側の角の両合わせ部分(イ)が余り開かず奇麗に配列でき、且つ合わせ易い利点を有する。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上説明した構成により次の効果を有する。
【0028】
(イ)本発明の残存型枠では、脱型の際にそのものが残存するため、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の裏面側のパイプ(6)やホ−ムタイ(7)或いは袋ナット付ボルト(8),ナット(9)等だけの撤去で済み、簡単であり、又、従来のコンパネ,サン木,釘等の廃材の発生がなく、そのために環境問題も少ない。
【0029】
(ロ)本発明の残存型枠は工場製作で現場に搬入されるので、現場での型枠製作の手間がなく型組の工期も短くなる。
【0030】
(ハ)本発明の残存型枠には、多数の貫通穴(1a)を穿設したことにより、その貫通穴(1a)を利用して枠組が簡単にでき、又、その貫通穴(1a)は、打設コンクリ−トつまりモルタルの充填状態が確認できる。つまりモルタルが貫通穴(1a)から出てきた時点で打設バイブ作業を終了できる目安とすることができ良好なコンクリ−トの打設を可能とする。更に貫通穴(1a)からはコンクリ−ト打設時に空気を逃がせられ、空気だまりも防止できる。
【0031】
(ニ)更にこの貫通穴(1a)は打設コンクリ−トの余分な水分を外部に排出でき、硬化した際のコンクリ−トの強度を高める。
【0032】
(ホ)本発明の貫通穴(1a)及び溝穴(1d)において、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の裏面側を表面側より大きなテ−パ−状に形成したものは、裏面側の表面積が大きくなり打設コンクリ−トとの結合を強くでき、且つコンクリ−ト打設時に貫通していない溝穴(1d)に対する裏面側からの空気逃げをも容易とし、又、貫通穴(1a)及び溝穴(1d)内に入るコンクリ−トの流動性もよい。又、溝穴(1d)を設けるとコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の軽量化を伴い、運搬や枠組作業の効率を高める。
【0033】
(ヘ)本発明の貫通穴(1a)及び溝穴(1d)は、金網(2)の網目(2a)の位置に穿設したことにより、本発明の残存型枠を製作するのに型で穴(1a),(1d)成形の際や、コンクリ−ト打設における枠組の際に、貫通穴(1a)にセパレ−タ−(5)やボルト(8)を挿通する場合にも、金網(2)が邪魔にならない。
【0034】
(ト)本発明はコンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の外周に面取り部(1b)と切欠溝(1c)を形成したことにより、コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を枠組する際に、各コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)を並べて段積してできる通し穴(1e)を利用して、隣接する各コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の接続が強固になり、特に接続した中心をセパレ−タ−(5)が貫通して保持でき、補強用のパイプ(6)にホ−ムタイ(7)を介してセパレ−タ−(5)が係止されるため極めて各コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の接続強度が保持されると共に、接続中心での支持は枠組の安定性も高める。
【0035】
(チ)コンクリ−ト系パネル(1)の裏面側の周辺角が面取りしたことにより、本発明の残存型枠を曲げて配列しても奇麗に配列でき、特に表面側の対向する突き合う角の開きを小さくできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の残存型枠の実施例を示す平面図である。
【図2】本発明の残存型枠の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図3】本発明の残存型枠でパネルに貫通穴と溝穴の両方を穿設した状態を示す平面図である。
【図4】本発明の残存型枠でパネルに貫通穴と溝穴の両方を穿設した状態の断面図である。
【図5】本発明の残存型枠を同列に並べた枠組状態を示す平面図である。
【図6】本発明の残存型枠を横に半分ずらして段積した枠組状態を示す平面図である。
【図7】本発明の残存型枠と表残存型枠との枠組状態を示す斜視図である。
【図8】本発明の残存型枠の段積で接続状態を示す平面図である。
【図9】本発明の残存型枠同士の通し穴を利用した接続状態及び本残存型枠と表残存型枠との間隔保持状態を示す断面図である。
【図10】本発明の残存型枠同士の通し穴を利用し、パイプで補強する場合の接続状態を示す断面図である。
【図11】本発明の残存型枠の裏面側から見た部分斜視図である。
【図12】本発明の残存型枠を曲げて配列した状態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 コンクリ−ト系パネル
1a 貫通穴
1b 面取り部
1c 切欠溝
1d 溝穴
2 金網
2a 網目
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, when constructing a concrete retaining wall, a sabo dam, a pier, etc., it is used as a formwork for concrete placement, and after placement, it is directly applied to the surface of the concrete. With respect to the remaining form of the fixed and remaining type, it is particularly intended for use on the back side of a structure that is not visible to the human eye.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when constructing structures such as concrete retaining walls, sabo dams, piers, etc., in terms of the ease of construction and the beauty of the surface or the environment such as construction waste, Residual molds are used as wall materials to be attached to the surface.
[0003]
This remaining formwork is usually a surface formwork member, that is, a plate made of concrete having a natural stone-like exterior finish on one surface. When a concrete structure is constructed using this fixed area plate as a formwork member, it is sequentially arranged on the front side of the concrete structure that touches the human eye to make it a front formwork member and does not touch the opposite person. The entire frame is framed between the opposing member on the back side using various fixtures, and concrete is placed between the framed frame member and the opposed member. It was bonded to the casting concrete and left, and the opposing member was removed after the concrete was cast. The opposing member that is framed on the back side of the placing concrete is one in which a plywood or iron mold is framed, or sometimes the front mold member is also used as a mold on the back.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The opposing members framed on the back side of the concrete to be placed are dependent on the skill of the carpenter in the plywood formwork method, requiring skill, and demolding work is also troublesome. Adversely affected. On the other hand, even if there is almost no waste material in the mold frame, it always requires demolding work, and its weight is heavy, so it takes a lot of labor to carry out, and also requires work to clean the mold form after demolding, For this reason, in any case, the conventional facing member has poor workability and is not advantageous in terms of cost. In particular, the plywood is not good in terms of the environment due to the generation of waste material. Use as a formwork has the advantage that no demolding work is required and no waste material is produced, but if such a decorative surface formwork member is used on the back side that is not visible to the human eye, the construction cost is high. At the same time, the surface form frame member has no appearance through holes, and therefore, there is a problem that excess moisture of the placing concrete and air cannot be released during placing. Therefore, there has been a demand for a remaining formwork used for the back side.
[0005]
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention makes it easy to construct a frame in concrete placement, particularly a framework on the back side that is not touched by human eyes, eliminates the need for demolding work after the concrete placement, and does not produce waste materials. The object is to provide a remaining formwork which is labor-saving and environmentally friendly.
[0006]
Other purposes are relatively light and strong, and have good bonding properties with the casting concrete. In addition, the excess moisture of the casting concrete or the air at the time of casting can be released, and the casting concrete It is to provide a remaining formwork for the back side that can confirm the filling state and is more inexpensive.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The remaining mold of the present invention is a metal mesh (2) with an expanded metal subjected to a surface treatment and has at least a large number of through holes (1a) on the surface of a rectangular concrete panel (1) having no surface finish. Drilled at the mesh (2a) position of (2), and formed a chamfered portion (1b) at each corner and a notch groove (1c) at each side on the outer periphery of the concrete panel (1). And the hole diameter in the minimum diameter part of each said through-hole (1a) is made into the range of 1 mm-25 mm.
[0008]
Further, the remaining formwork of the present invention, on the back side of the Concrete panel (1), wherein in addition to the through hole (1a), a number of slots (1d) the wire mesh is a tapered hole shaped ( It is drilled at the mesh ( 2a ) position of 2 ). The entire remaining formwork is reduced in weight, which is preferable in terms of transportation and workability, and also has good bondability with cast concrete. In addition, the back surface side of a concrete system panel (1) means the surface of the concrete system panel (1) of the side couple | bonded with placement concrete.
[0009]
If the through hole (1a) is a taper-shaped stepped through hole, it is preferable in terms of good binding property with the placing concrete and good escape of air when placing the concrete.
[0010]
If the through hole ( 1a ) is drilled at the position of the mesh (2a) of the wire mesh (2) and the slot (1d) has a tapered hole shape, the concrete is casted in comparison with a straight slot. The air escape at the time is good, there is no air accumulation, and the cast concrete is preferable because it easily enters the slot (1d).
[0011]
The chamfered portion (1b) is chamfered linearly at an angle of 45 °, or chamfered in a circular arc shape, and the cutout groove (1c) is formed by cutting out into a V-shape opening at 45 °, Alternatively, if it is formed in a semicircular shape, the chamfered portion (1b) and the notch groove (1c) itself can be easily aligned when forming the frame, and the outer peripheral through hole (1e) that can be combined is also square or circular. This is preferable when a bolt or the like is inserted into (1e).
[0012]
The metal mesh (2) is strong as a reinforcing aggregate because the expanded metal has a unique mesh shape, and is convenient for drilling through holes (1a) or slots (1d) in the mesh (2a). Further, it is preferable to subject the expanded metal to a surface treatment because the entire strength can be maintained without rusting for a long time.
[0013]
The concrete panel (1) is chamfered around the peripheral corners on the back side. As a result, when the concrete panels (1) are arranged at right angles or along a curved surface in each frame, the corners on the back side of the concrete panels (1) do not hit each other, and the opening on the front side of the concrete system panel (1) that comes into contact with each other. The condition can be reduced.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIGS. 1 and 2, (1) is a rectangular concrete panel having a certain thickness and area and having no surface finish. As the concrete panel (1), usually a concrete obtained by appropriately blending sand and gravel into cement and hardening is used, and as this concrete, a resin concrete or a special silica cement is used. Is used, and a hardened concrete is impregnated with a low-viscosity vinyl monomer. Polymerized or mixed with short metal fibers in the concrete and cured, impregnated with low viscosity vinyl polymer. When polymerized, durability and mechanical strength can be remarkably improved. Also, it may be used as foamed concrete as a measure to reduce weight. Further, the thickness of the concrete panel (1) is preferably 50 mm or less for weight reduction, and preferably in the range of 30 mm to 50 mm for light weight and strength.
[0015]
Further, in the present invention, a large number of through holes (1a) are formed on the surface of the concrete panel (1) at the positions of the meshes (2a) of the metal mesh (2) to be described later, that is, at regular intervals. This through hole (1a) has a taper shape on the back side where the casting concrete flows in and joins in addition to the straight hole. The through hole (1a) is formed into a taper-shaped stepped slot as a whole. Therefore, the minimum diameter part of the through hole (1a) is the narrowest part of the through hole (1a). In FIG. 1, the surface side of the concrete panel (1), that is, the placement concrete is shown. -Corresponds to the hole diameter on the surface side that is not coupled to the surface, but not necessarily on the surface side, and may be in the middle of the concrete panel (1). The through holes (1a) are arranged in the same manner as the mesh (2a) of the wire mesh (2), but in some cases, the mesh (2a) may be selected and arranged in parallel or staggered. Also, the hole diameter of the minimum diameter part of this through hole (1a) is in the range of 1mm to 25mm, and the hole diameter of this minimum diameter part is fixed with a wire or bolt when framing the concrete panel (1). For this reason, if the length is 1 mm or less, a wire that is strong in strength cannot be inserted, and if it is 25 mm or more, there is a risk that a large amount of concrete to be cast out. The fear of this outflow is that the gravel mixed into the concrete is almost 25 mm or less, and therefore the gravel cannot be stopped by the hole when the hole diameter is 25 mm or more, and the concrete continues to flow out.
[0016]
Further, at the four corners of the outer periphery of the concrete panel (1), a chamfered portion (1b) is formed at each corner, and a notch groove (1c) is formed at each side. The chamfered portion (1b) and the cutout groove (1c) will be further described. First, the chamfered portion (1b) is formed by linearly cutting four corners of the rectangular concrete panel (1) at an angle of 45 °. The size of the chamfered portion (1b) is formed in a state, and is surrounded by the chamfered portion (1b) when four concrete panels (1) are arranged as shown in FIG. The formed square outer perforation hole (1e) is chamfered to the size of a bolt with a thickness of approximately 4mm to 20mm, and the size of the bolt can be inserted exactly in accordance with the bolt of the thickness to be used. is there. When the chamfered portion (1b) is cut into a straight line at 45 °, the outer perforation hole (1e) becomes a square shape, which is suitable for inserting bolts. (1) It is preferable from the standpoint of strength because it is difficult to chip even when the corner is hit. Although not shown in the drawings, the outer peripheral through hole (1e) becomes circular when the corner is cut into an arc of a quarter of a circle, which is preferable as in the case of the regular square.
[0017]
Next, the notch groove (1c) is formed by forming a V-shaped notch groove on the side of the outer periphery of the concrete panel (1), as shown in FIG. When the sides of the panel (1) are abutted or the chamfered portion (1b) of the other two corners is positioned in the notch groove (1c) of one side, the same as the corner This is for forming a rectangular outer perforation hole (1e). Since the bolt with the thickness described in the corner portion is inserted into the outer perforation through hole (1e), the thickness of the bolt to be used is as follows. A notch groove (1c) having a size corresponding to the height is selectively formed. Further, if the shape of the notch groove (1c) is a 45-degree V-shape, the external through hole (1e) has a regular square shape, which is preferable in terms of shape for inserting a bolt. Although not shown, if the chamfered portion (1b) is formed in an arc shape and the cutout groove (1c) is formed in a semicircular shape, the outer peripheral through hole (1e) is all circular, and in this case also a shape for inserting a bolt. Is preferable.
[0018]
Furthermore, when the concrete panel (1) is rectangular, the notch groove (1c) is provided at a location near the center and each corner on the long side, and the concrete panel (1) is stacked. In this case, an outer peripheral through hole (1e) is formed. However, the arrangement of the notch grooves (1c) is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned location, and the arrangement is made as necessary, and the number thereof may be increased or decreased.
[0019]
(2) is a metal net as a reinforcing aggregate, and especially expanded metal has a unique net shape, good bonding with the concrete panel (1), high strength, and low cost. This is preferable. Furthermore, the wire mesh (2) is subjected to a surface treatment to prevent the generation of rust. This surface treatment includes plating, painting, etc. Especially, cationic electrodeposition coating is preferable because it is inexpensive and strong in terms of rust prevention. Therefore, double coat cationic electrodeposition is recommended. This double coat cation electrodeposition coating is a coating method in which the cation electrodeposition coating is performed twice. Particularly, the edge of the expanded metal can be reliably coated, a strong coating film can be formed, and the rust prevention effect is greatly increased.
[0020]
3 and 4 are plan views and sectional views showing respective embodiments showing the concrete panel (1) according to the present invention in which both the through hole (1a) and the slot (1d) are formed. In this case, the two arrays are alternately arranged in a staggered pattern. In the case where both the through hole (1a) and the slot (1d) are formed, the remaining mold of the present invention can be further reduced in weight, and the concrete system panel (1) can be used for one concrete. The amount can be reduced and the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the surface area can be increased and the coupling with the casting concrete can be increased. In this case, the slot (1d) has a large taper shape on the back side of the concrete panel (1) to which the casting concrete flows in and joins. When the taper-shaped slot (1d) is formed, the casting concrete flows into the slot (1d) better than the slot (1d) of the straight, and the concrete This is preferable because air can be easily removed when the trowel is placed, and air is not easily trapped in the slot (1d). In addition, if the slot (1d) is provided at the position of the mesh (2a) of the wire mesh (2) in the same way as the through hole (1a), it does not hit the wire mesh (2) even if the slot (1d) is deepened. That is, it is preferable that the wire mesh (2) is not exposed in the slot (1d) and the wire mesh (2) does not get in the way when the slot (1d) is formed.
[0021]
Next, a description will be given of a framework in which the remaining mold of the present invention is used on the back side of the placing concrete. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a framed state in which the remaining molds of the present invention are arranged in the same row. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a framed state in which the remaining molds of the present invention are stacked halfway horizontally. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a framed state of the residual mold and the front residual mold of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a partially omitted plan view showing a connection state viewed from the back side when stacking the remaining molds of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state between the remaining molds of the present invention and a state of maintaining a gap between the remaining molds and the front remaining molds. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state in a case where the remaining molds of the present invention are reinforced with pipes using outer peripheral through holes. FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view seen from the back side of the remaining mold of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the remaining molds of the present invention are bent and arranged.
[0022]
As the arrangement method for stacking the remaining molds of the present invention, there are a method of stacking them in the same row shown in FIG. 5 and a method of stacking the upper and lower steps shown in FIG. Method 6 is preferable because it is strong and difficult to collapse with respect to stacking.
[0023]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the remaining molds of the present invention are arranged and stacked facing the front remaining mold (3) having a surface finish and spaced apart by the thickness of the casting concrete. At this time, between the remaining table mold (3) and the concrete panel (1) of the present invention, there is roughly a connecting plate (4), a long and short separator (5), and a pipe (6). , A frame tie (7), cap nuts with cap nuts (8), nuts (9), etc., maintaining a gap.
[0024]
More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, when the concrete panels (1) according to the present invention are stacked and stacked, the lower two concrete panels (1) The outer through-hole (1e) formed by the chamfered portion (1b) at the corner and the cutout groove (1c) at one side of the upper stage is used. One end thread portion of a long and short separator (5) extending from (3) is inserted, and at that time, a separator panel (1) on the placing concrete side has a separator on the back side. -A plate-shaped connection fitting (11) with a C-shaped cross-section straddling the three concrete panels (1) through the threaded part of (5), and two nuts (10) held between the screw parts A plate washer (12) having a surface approximately the same size as the connection fitting (11) is applied to the surface side of the concrete panel (1), and the plate washer ( 12) The three concrete panels (1) are connected and fixed by the screw portion of the long and short separator (5) extending through the center of (12) and the nut (9). Furthermore, the connection fitting (11) and the plate washer (12) are composed of four bolts (13) inserted through the through holes (1a) at the ends and nuts (14) screwed into the bolts (13). Tightened and fixed. As a result, the three concrete panels (1) are securely connected to each other, and have sufficient strength against concrete placement.
[0025]
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state in the case where the outer peripheral through hole (1e) is used to reinforce with a pipe. In this figure, the outer peripheral through hole (1e) is connected to the front remaining mold (3). One end thread portion of the elongated long and short separator (5) is inserted, and at that time, the back side of the concrete panel (1) has a C-shaped outer peripheral through hole (through the thread portion) ( 1e) A plate-shaped small connection fitting (15) straddling the plate is fixed by holding it with two nuts (10) on the threaded part, and on the surface side of the concrete panel (1) there are two reinforcements The pipe (6) is provided in contact with the concrete panel (1), the threaded part of the long and short separator (5) extending between the pipes (6) and the cap nut (8) And the nut (9) are used to fix and reinforce the pipe (6) to maintain the distance between the remaining mold (3) and the concrete panel (1). It is. The same method is also used when the remaining residual formwork and the front residual formwork (3) are kept spaced by using the other through hole (1a).
[0026]
11 and 12 show the case where the remaining molds of the present invention are bent and arranged on the back surface side. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, the periphery of the concrete panel (1) on the back surface side. Since the corners of the surface are chamfered all around, even if they are bent and arranged as shown in Fig. 12, the corners on the back side do not hit, and both the corners (a) on the front side are not opened so much that they can be neatly arranged. And has the advantage of being easy to match.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the following effects by the configuration described above.
[0028]
(A) In the remaining mold according to the present invention, the mold itself remains at the time of demolding. Therefore, the pipe (6), the form tie (7) on the back side of the concrete panel (1), or the bolt with cap nut (8) Only the nuts (9), etc. can be removed and simple, and there is no generation of waste materials such as conventional panels, sun wood, nails, etc., so there are few environmental problems.
[0029]
(B) Since the remaining formwork of the present invention is carried into the site by factory production, there is no need for on-site formwork production and the construction period of the mold assembly is shortened.
[0030]
(C) The remaining mold of the present invention has a large number of through holes (1a) so that the frame can be easily made using the through holes (1a), and the through holes (1a) Can confirm the filling state of the casting concrete, that is, the mortar. In other words, when the mortar comes out of the through hole (1a), it can be used as a guideline for finishing the placing vibe work, and good concrete can be placed. Furthermore, air can escape from the through hole (1a) when placing concrete, and air accumulation can be prevented.
[0031]
(D) Further, this through hole (1a) can discharge excess moisture from the casting concrete to the outside, and increases the strength of the concrete when cured.
[0032]
(E) In the through hole (1a) and the slot (1d) of the present invention, the back surface side of the concrete panel (1) is formed in a larger taper shape than the front surface side. Increases the strength of the connection with the casting concrete and facilitates air escape from the back side to the slot (1d) that has not been penetrated when the concrete is placed, and the through hole (1a) Also, the fluidity of the concrete entering the slot (1d) is good. In addition, the provision of the slot (1d) increases the efficiency of transportation and frame work as it reduces the weight of the concrete panel (1).
[0033]
(F) The through hole (1a) and the slot (1d) of the present invention are drilled at the position of the mesh (2a) of the wire mesh (2), so that the residual mold of the present invention can be manufactured with a mold. Even when the separator (5) or bolt (8) is inserted into the through hole (1a) when forming the holes (1a), (1d), or when forming a frame for concrete placement, (2) does not get in the way.
[0034]
(G) In the present invention, the chamfered portion (1b) and the notch groove (1c) are formed on the outer periphery of the concrete panel (1), so that each concrete panel (1) is framed. -By using the through holes (1e) formed by stacking the stacked panels (1) side by side, the connection between the adjacent concrete panels (1) is strengthened. -Since (5) can be held through and the separator (5) is locked to the reinforcing pipe (6) via the home tie (7), each concrete panel (1 ) Is maintained, and support at the center of the connection also increases the stability of the frame.
[0035]
(H) Since the peripheral corner on the back side of the concrete panel (1) is chamfered, it can be neatly arranged even if the remaining molds of the present invention are bent and arranged, particularly the opposing corners on the front side. Can be made smaller.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a remaining mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a remaining mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state in which both a through hole and a slot are formed in the panel in the remaining mold of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which both a through hole and a slot are formed in the panel in the remaining mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a framed state in which the remaining molds of the present invention are arranged in the same row.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a framed state in which the remaining molds of the present invention are stacked halfway horizontally.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a framed state of the remaining mold form and the front remaining mold form of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a connection state in a stacked product of the remaining mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state using the through holes between the remaining molds of the present invention and a state of maintaining a distance between the present remaining mold and the front residual mold.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state in the case where the through-holes of the remaining molds of the present invention are used to reinforce with pipes.
FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the remaining mold of the present invention as seen from the back side.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the remaining molds of the present invention are bent and arranged.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 concrete panel
1a Through hole
1b Chamfer
1c Notch groove
1d Slot 2 Wire mesh
2a mesh

Claims (3)

表面処理を施したエキスパンドメタルの金網(2)入りで表面化粧仕上のない四角形状のコンクリート系パネル(1)面に、少なくとも多数の貫通穴(1a)を前記金網(2)の網目(2a)位置に穿設し、且つ前記コンクリート系パネル(1)の外周には、その各角部に面取り部(1b)を、各辺部に切欠溝(1c)を形成し、前記各貫通穴(1a)の最小径部における穴径が1mm〜25mmの範囲であることを特徴とする残存型枠。 The surface of the expanded metal wire mesh (2) that has been subjected to surface treatment and has a surface of a rectangular concrete panel (1) with no surface finish. At least a large number of through holes (1a) are formed in the mesh (2a) of the wire mesh (2). A chamfered portion (1b) is formed at each corner of the outer periphery of the concrete panel (1), and a notch (1c) is formed at each side. ) In the range of 1 mm to 25 mm in the minimum diameter portion. 前記コンクリート系パネル(1)の裏面側に、テーパー状の穴形である多数の溝穴(1d)を前記金網(2)の網目( 2a )位置に穿設した請求項1記載の残存型枠。The residual formwork according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of slots (1d) each having a tapered hole shape are formed at the mesh ( 2a ) position of the wire mesh (2) on the back surface side of the concrete panel (1). . 前記貫通穴(1a)が、テーパー状の段付貫通穴である請求項1又は2記載の残存型枠。  The residual formwork according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the through hole (1a) is a tapered stepped through hole.
JP11431197A 1997-04-15 1997-04-15 Residual formwork Expired - Lifetime JP3683673B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11431197A JP3683673B2 (en) 1997-04-15 1997-04-15 Residual formwork

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11431197A JP3683673B2 (en) 1997-04-15 1997-04-15 Residual formwork

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Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10292399A JPH10292399A (en) 1998-11-04
JP3683673B2 true JP3683673B2 (en) 2005-08-17

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JP2009282102A (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-12-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Liquid crystal display device
JP6695399B2 (en) * 2018-10-09 2020-05-20 株式会社トーテツ Remaining formwork for concrete structure formation

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