JP3681459B2 - Synchronous motor - Google Patents

Synchronous motor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3681459B2
JP3681459B2 JP03598796A JP3598796A JP3681459B2 JP 3681459 B2 JP3681459 B2 JP 3681459B2 JP 03598796 A JP03598796 A JP 03598796A JP 3598796 A JP3598796 A JP 3598796A JP 3681459 B2 JP3681459 B2 JP 3681459B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
rotor core
permanent magnet
layer side
rotor
synchronous motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP03598796A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH09233744A (en
Inventor
直 橋本
浩 村上
静 横手
幸夫 本田
慎一朗 川野
正行 神藤
浩 伊藤
能成 浅野
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP03598796A priority Critical patent/JP3681459B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複数の永久磁石を埋め込んだロータを備え、マグネットトルク及びリラクタンストルクを利用する同期電動機に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
鉄などの高透磁率材料からなるロータコアに、半径方向に間隔を置いた２層の永久磁石を回転方向に複数組埋め込むことによりリラクタンストルクの有効利用を図り、マグネットトルクのみならずリラクタンストルクをも併せ利用するようにした同期電動機は、特願平７−１３４０２３号において先に提案されている。
【０００３】
このように、ロータ外周側に位置する永久磁石とロータ内周側に位置する永久磁石が間隔を置いて２層に埋設されたロータにおいては、ステータ側の巻線群によって生じる回転磁界と永久磁石の磁界との間で発生するマグネットトルク及び回転磁界による磁路が内外の永久磁石の間隔部分等に形成されることより発生するリラクタンストルクとの合成トルクで回転する。
【０００４】
上記従来の同期電動機では、図５に示すように外層側及び内層側の永久磁石１７、１８の端とロータ１３外周との間の間隔、即ち永久磁石の端部におけるロータコア１６の厚さは両方の永久磁石について同じに設定されている。その厚さは薄い程洩れ磁束が少なくなるため高トルクが得られて好ましいが、あまり薄くするとロータ回転時の遠心力によってロータコアが破壊する恐れがあるため、高速回転時に十分な強度を確保できる範囲でできるだけ薄く設定されている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の構成では洩れ磁束Ｐを一層少なくして高トルクを得ながらさらに高速回転を実現することができないという問題があった。
【０００６】
そこで、ロータの高速回転時に作用する応力状態を詳細に分析したところ、外層側の永久磁石の端よりも内層側の永久磁石の端の方が大きな応力が作用し、特にその曲率中心から遠い方の角部近傍に大きな応力が集中することが判明した。
【０００７】
本発明は、永久磁石の端部におけるロータコアの厚さを高速回転時に作用する応力に応じて必要最小限に設定することにより、高トルクを維持しつつ高速回転時における強度を十分に確保できる同期電動機を提供することを目的とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の同期電動機は、高透磁率材料から成るロータコアにロータコア中心側が凸の円弧状の永久磁石をほぼ並行させてロータコアの半径方向外側と内側の２層に埋め込んだロータと、ロータの周囲にあって回転磁界を発生するステータとを備え、これらの永久磁石の端がロータ外周の近くまで延び、マグネットトルク及びリラクタンストルクを利用する同期電動機において、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さを、外層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さより大きくすることにより、洩れ磁束を殆ど大きくすることなく、高速回転時の遠心力によってより大きな応力が作用する部分の強度を大きくし、高トルクを維持しつつ高速回転時における強度を十分に確保できるようにしている。
【０００９】
ここで、外層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の間隔をｄａ、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の間隔をｄｂ、ロータコアの半径をｒとして、ｄｂをｄａの１．１倍より大きくすることによって効果を発揮するが２倍以上ではｄａの部分の強度が相対的に弱くなるため効果が無く、またｄａはｒの１／１００以上ないと全体として高速回転時の強度が得られず、またｄｂがｒの４／１００以上になると洩れ磁束が大きくなるので好ましくない。
【００１０】
また、外層側及び内層側の永久磁石の端部の両角を円弧に形成して角部での応力集中を緩和するとともに、そのうち特に大きな応力が作用する内層側の永久磁石の曲率中心から遠い方の角の円弧の曲率半径を他の円弧よりも大きくすることにより、応力が極大となる部分の応力集中を緩和してさらに高速回転時の強度を高くできる。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施形態について、図１〜図４を参照して説明する。
【００１２】
図１において、１は同期電動機で、ステータ２とロータ３にて構成されている。ステータ２には複数のティース４が設けられるとともに、各ティース４、４間のスロット５には巻線（図示せず）が配されていて、それらの巻線群に電流が与えられることで回転磁界を発生するように構成されている。
【００１３】
ロータ３は、ステータ２の巻線群によって生じる回転磁界の磁束が通り易い高透磁率材料の鉄材から成るロータコア６と、ロータコア６にロータ３の極に対応して周方向に等間隔に配設された４組の永久磁石７、８とを備えている。これら永久磁石７、８はロータコア６中心側が凸の円弧状のもので、ロータコア６の半径方向に間隔をおいてほぼ並行させて外層側と内層側の２層に埋設されており、各々の端７ａ、８ａはロータコア６の外周の近くまで延びている。各組の永久磁石７、８はＳ極とＮ極が周方向に交互となるように配設され、かつ層関係にある永久磁石７と８はその外周側の極性が同一となるように配設されている。
【００１４】
そして、外層側の永久磁石７の端７ａとロータコア６の外周との間の間隔をｄａ、内層側の永久磁石８の端８ａとロータコア６の外周との間の間隔をｄｂ、ロータコア６の半径をｒとして、ｄａ＞ｒ／１００、ｄｂ＜４ｒ／１００、１．１ｄａ＜ｄｂ＜２ｄａに設定されている。また、図３に示すように、外層側及び内層側の永久磁石７、８の端７ａ、８ｂの両角はＲ1 〜Ｒ4 の円弧に形成されており、さらに内層側の永久磁石８の曲率中心から遠い方の角の円弧Ｒ4 は、他の角の円弧Ｒ1 〜Ｒ3 よりも曲率半径の大きい円弧に形成されている。
【００１５】
以上の構成において、内層側の永久磁石８の端８ａとロータコア６の外周との間の厚さｄｂを、外層側の永久磁石７の端７ａとロータコア６の外周との間の厚さｄａより大きくしているので、高速回転時の遠心力によって特に大きな応力が作用する図２のＡ点での強度が大きくなり、高速回転時におけるロータコア６の強度を十分に確保できる。また、このようにｄｂをｄａよりも大きくしても、図４に示すように、強度は大きくなっても洩れ磁束は殆ど大きくならず、高トルクを維持することができる。かくして、高トルクを維持しながら、高速回転時の強度を確保することができる。
【００１６】
なお、上記効果を得るにはｄｂはｄａの１．１倍より大きくする必要があるが、逆に２倍以上にすると外層側の永久磁石７の端７ａにおける強度が相対的に弱くなるため効果が無くなる。又、ｄａは高速回転時の所要の強度を得るにはｒの１／１００より大きくする必要があり、またｄｂが４／１００以上になると洩れ磁束が大きくなるので好ましくない。
【００１７】
また、外層側及び内層側の永久磁石７、８の端部７ａ、８ａの両角を円弧Ｒ1 〜Ｒ4 に形成しているので、永久磁石７、８の角部での応力集中が緩和されて必要な強度を安定的に確保でき、特にそのうち大きな応力が作用する内層側の永久磁石８の曲率中心から遠い方の角の円弧Ｒ4 は、その曲率半径を他の円弧Ｒ1 〜Ｒ3 よりも大きくしているので、応力が極大となる部分の応力集中を特に緩和でき、さらに高速回転時の強度を高くできる。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の同期電動機によれば、以上の説明から明らかなように、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さを、外層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さより大きくすることにより、洩れ磁束を殆ど大きくすることなく、高速回転時の遠心力によってより大きな応力が作用する部分の強度を大きくすることができ、高トルクを維持しつつ高速回転時における強度を十分に確保することができる。
【００１９】
また、外層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さをｄａ、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さをｄｂ、ロータコアの半径をｒとして、ｄａ＞ｒ／１００、ｄｂ＜４ｒ／１００、１．１ｄａ＜ｄｂ＜２ｄａとすることにより、外層側及び内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さを可及的に小さくして洩れ磁束を小さくしながら高速回転時における強度を十分に確保することができる。
【００２０】
また、外層側及び内層側の永久磁石の端部の両角を円弧に形成して角部での応力集中を緩和するとともに、そのうち特に大きな応力が作用する内層側の永久磁石の曲率中心から遠い方の角の円弧の曲率半径を他の円弧よりも大きくすることにより、応力が極大となる部分の応力集中を緩和してさらに高速回転時の強度を高くできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の同期電動機の一実施形態の概略構成を示す断面図である。
【図２】同実施形態のロータの部分拡大断面図である。
【図３】図２の部分拡大断面図である。
【図４】外層側の永久磁石の端とロータ本体外周との間の厚さと、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータ本体外周との間の厚さの比を変化させた時のロータ本体の強度と洩れ磁束の変化を示すグラフである。
【図５】従来例のロータの部分拡大断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 同期電動機
２ ステータ
３ ロータ
６ ロータコア
７ 外層側の永久磁石
７ａ 永久磁石７の端
８ 内層側の永久磁石
８ａ 永久磁石８の端[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synchronous motor including a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded and using magnet torque and reluctance torque.
[0002]
[Prior art]
By embedding multiple sets of two-layer permanent magnets spaced in the radial direction into the rotor core made of a high permeability material such as iron in the rotational direction, effective use of the reluctance torque is achieved. A synchronous motor used in combination has been previously proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-134023.
[0003]
Thus, in the rotor in which the permanent magnet located on the rotor outer circumferential side and the permanent magnet located on the rotor inner circumferential side are embedded in two layers at an interval, the rotating magnetic field generated by the winding group on the stator side and the permanent magnet The magnetic torque generated between the magnetic field and the magnetic field generated by the rotating magnetic field is formed in a space between the inner and outer permanent magnets and the like, and the reluctance torque generated thereby is rotated.
[0004]
In the above conventional synchronous motor, as shown in FIG. 5, the distance between the end of the permanent magnets 17 and 18 on the outer layer side and the inner layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor 13, that is, the thickness of the rotor core 16 at the end of the permanent magnet is both. The same is set for permanent magnets. The thinner the thickness is, the less the leakage magnetic flux is, which is preferable because high torque can be obtained. However, if the thickness is too thin, the rotor core may be destroyed by the centrifugal force during rotor rotation. Is set as thin as possible.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional configuration has a problem that it is not possible to realize further high-speed rotation while obtaining a high torque by further reducing the leakage magnetic flux P.
[0006]
Therefore, a detailed analysis of the state of stress acting at the time of high-speed rotation of the rotor revealed that the end of the permanent magnet on the inner layer side is more stressed than the end of the permanent magnet on the outer layer side, especially the one far from the center of curvature. It was found that a large stress was concentrated in the vicinity of the corner.
[0007]
According to the present invention, the thickness of the rotor core at the end of the permanent magnet is set to the minimum necessary according to the stress acting at the time of high speed rotation, so that the strength at the time of high speed rotation can be sufficiently secured while maintaining high torque. An object is to provide an electric motor.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The synchronous motor according to the present invention includes a rotor core made of a high magnetic permeability material and an arc-shaped permanent magnet having a convex center side on the rotor core, which is embedded in two layers on the outer side and the inner side in the radial direction of the rotor core. e Bei a stator for generating a rotating magnetic field there, extend the end of the permanent magnet close to the rotor outer periphery, in a synchronous motor utilizing a magnet torque and reluctance torque, the end and the rotor core outer circumference of the inner layer side of the permanent magnet By making the thickness between the outer layers larger than the thickness between the end of the permanent magnet on the outer layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor core, a greater stress is applied by centrifugal force during high-speed rotation without almost increasing the leakage flux. The strength of the portion is increased so that sufficient strength can be secured during high-speed rotation while maintaining high torque.
[0009]
Here, the distance between the end of the outer permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core is da, the distance between the end of the inner permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core is db, the radius of the rotor core is r, and db is da. The effect is exhibited by making it larger than 1.1 times, but if it is 2 times or more, the strength of the portion of da becomes relatively weak, so there is no effect, and if da is not more than 1/100 of r, as a whole at high speed rotation Is not obtained, and if db is 4/100 or more of r, the leakage flux increases, which is not preferable.
[0010]
In addition, both corners of the outer layer side and inner layer side permanent magnets are formed into circular arcs to relieve stress concentration at the corners, and the farther from the center of curvature of the inner layer side permanent magnet to which particularly large stress acts. By making the radius of curvature of the arc at the corner larger than that of the other arcs, the stress concentration at the portion where the stress becomes maximum can be relaxed, and the strength during high-speed rotation can be further increased.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0012]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a synchronous motor, which includes a stator 2 and a rotor 3. The stator 2 is provided with a plurality of teeth 4, and windings (not shown) are arranged in the slots 5 between the teeth 4, 4. It is configured to generate a magnetic field.
[0013]
The rotor 3 includes a rotor core 6 made of an iron material of a high magnetic permeability material through which a magnetic flux of a rotating magnetic field generated by the winding group of the stator 2 easily passes, and the rotor core 6 is arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction corresponding to the poles of the rotor 3. The four permanent magnets 7 and 8 are provided. These permanent magnets 7 and 8 have a circular arc shape with a convex center on the rotor core 6, and are embedded in two layers, an outer layer side and an inner layer side, in parallel with a gap in the radial direction of the rotor core 6. 7 a and 8 a extend to the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rotor core 6. The permanent magnets 7 and 8 in each set are arranged so that the south pole and the north pole are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets 7 and 8 in a layer relationship are arranged so that the polarities on the outer circumference side are the same. It is installed.
[0014]
The distance between the end 7a of the outer layer side permanent magnet 7 and the outer periphery of the rotor core 6 is da, the distance between the end 8a of the inner layer side permanent magnet 8 and the outer periphery of the rotor core 6 is db, and the radius of the rotor core 6 Where r> 100, da> r / 100, db <4r / 100, and 1.1da <db <2da. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, both corners of the ends 7 a and 8 b of the outer layer side and inner layer side permanent magnets 7 and 8 are formed in arcs of R 1 to R 4 , and the curvature of the inner layer side permanent magnet 8. The arc R 4 at the corner farther from the center is formed into an arc having a larger radius of curvature than the arcs R 1 to R 3 at other corners.
[0015]
In the above-described configuration, the thickness db between the end 8a of the inner layer-side permanent magnet 8 and the outer periphery of the rotor core 6 is greater than the thickness da between the end 7a of the outer layer-side permanent magnet 7 and the outer periphery of the rotor core 6. Since it is increased, the strength at point A in FIG. 2 where particularly large stress acts due to the centrifugal force during high-speed rotation increases, and the strength of the rotor core 6 during high-speed rotation can be sufficiently secured. Further, even if db is larger than da in this way, as shown in FIG. 4, the leakage magnetic flux is hardly increased even if the strength is increased, and a high torque can be maintained. Thus, the strength during high-speed rotation can be ensured while maintaining high torque.
[0016]
In order to obtain the above effect, db needs to be larger than 1.1 times da, but conversely, if it is made twice or more, the strength at the end 7a of the outer permanent magnet 7 becomes relatively weak. Disappears. Further, da needs to be larger than 1/100 of r in order to obtain a required strength at high speed rotation, and if db becomes 4/100 or more, the leakage magnetic flux increases, which is not preferable.
[0017]
Moreover, since both corners of the end portions 7a and 8a of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 on the outer layer side and the inner layer side are formed in the arcs R 1 to R 4 , stress concentration at the corner portions of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 is alleviated. Thus, the necessary strength can be secured stably, and the arc R 4 at a corner farther from the center of curvature of the inner permanent magnet 8 to which a large stress acts is applied to the other arcs R 1 to R 3. Therefore, the stress concentration at the portion where the stress is maximized can be particularly relaxed, and the strength during high-speed rotation can be further increased.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
According to the synchronous motor of the present invention, as is clear from the above description, the thickness between the end of the inner permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core is set between the end of the outer permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core. By making it larger than the thickness, it is possible to increase the strength of the part where a greater stress is applied by centrifugal force during high-speed rotation without increasing the leakage flux, and the strength during high-speed rotation while maintaining high torque. Can be secured sufficiently.
[0019]
Furthermore, da> r is the thickness between the end of the permanent magnet on the outer layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor core, db is the thickness between the end of the permanent magnet on the inner layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor core, and r is the radius of the rotor core. / 100, db <4r / 100, 1.1da <db <2da, thereby reducing the thickness between the outer layer side and the end of the permanent magnet on the outer layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor core as much as possible. It is possible to ensure sufficient strength during high-speed rotation while reducing the height.
[0020]
In addition, both corners of the outer layer side and inner layer side permanent magnets are formed into circular arcs to relieve stress concentration at the corners, and the farther from the center of curvature of the inner layer side permanent magnet to which particularly large stress acts. By making the radius of curvature of the arc at the corner larger than that of the other arcs, the stress concentration at the portion where the stress becomes maximum can be relaxed, and the strength during high-speed rotation can be further increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a synchronous motor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor of the same embodiment.
3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 4 shows the rotor body when the ratio of the thickness between the end of the permanent magnet on the outer layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor body and the thickness between the end of the permanent magnet on the inner layer side and the outer periphery of the rotor body is changed. It is a graph which shows the change of intensity and leakage magnetic flux.
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of a conventional rotor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Synchronous motor 2 Stator 3 Rotor 6 Rotor core 7 Permanent magnet 7a on the outer layer side End 8 of the permanent magnet 7 Permanent magnet 8a on the inner layer side End of the permanent magnet 8

Claims (3)

高透磁率材料から成るロータコアにロータ中心側が凸の円弧状の永久磁石をほぼ並行させてロータコアの半径方向外側と内側の２層に埋め込んだロータと、ロータの周囲にあって回転磁界を発生するステータとを備え、これらの永久磁石の端がロータ外周の近くまで延び、マグネットトルク及びリラクタンストルクを利用する同期電動機において、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さを、外層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の厚さより大きくしたことを特徴とする同期電動機。A rotor core made of a high magnetic permeability material and an arc-shaped permanent magnet convex toward the center of the rotor is embedded in two layers on the outer side and the inner side in the radial direction of the rotor core, and a rotating magnetic field is generated around the rotor. e Bei a stator, extending ends of these permanent magnets close to the rotor outer periphery, in a synchronous motor utilizing a magnet torque and reluctance torque, the thickness between the end and the rotor core outer circumference of the inner layer side of the permanent magnet, A synchronous motor characterized in that it is larger than the thickness between the end of the outer permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core. 外層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の間隔をｄａ、内層側の永久磁石の端とロータコア外周との間の間隔をｄｂ、ロータコアの半径をｒとして、ｄａ＞ｒ／１００、ｄｂ＜４ｒ／１００、１．１ｄａ＜ｄｂ＜２ｄａとしたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の同期電動機。Da> r / 100, db where the distance between the end of the outer permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core is da, the distance between the end of the inner permanent magnet and the outer periphery of the rotor core is db, and the radius of the rotor core is r. The synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein <4r / 100, 1.1da <db <2da. 外層側及び内層側の永久磁石の端部の両角を円弧に形成するとともに、そのうち内層側の永久磁石の曲率中心から遠い方の角の円弧の曲率半径を他の円弧よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の同期電動機。Both corners of the outer layer side and inner layer side permanent magnets are formed into arcs, and the radius of curvature of the arc farther from the center of curvature of the inner layer side permanent magnets is larger than other arcs. The synchronous motor according to claim 1 or 2.
JP03598796A 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Synchronous motor Expired - Fee Related JP3681459B2 (en)

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CN102790502B (en) 2011-08-05 2014-03-26 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN102761182B (en) 2011-08-05 2013-03-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Motor rotor and electromotor employing same
CN102761183B (en) 2011-08-05 2013-06-19 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Motor rotor and motor with motor rotor
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WO2020067348A1 (en) 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 本田技研工業株式会社 Rotary electric machine rotor
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