JP3679321B2 - Oil and fat-containing food in sealed containers and process - Google Patents

Oil and fat-containing food in sealed containers and process Download PDF

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JP3679321B2
JP3679321B2 JP2000322272A JP2000322272A JP3679321B2 JP 3679321 B2 JP3679321 B2 JP 3679321B2 JP 2000322272 A JP2000322272 A JP 2000322272A JP 2000322272 A JP2000322272 A JP 2000322272A JP 3679321 B2 JP3679321 B2 JP 3679321B2
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fat
oil
containing food
milk
water
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JP2001149052A (en
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徹 薦田
靖志 鈴木
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カネボウ株式会社
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【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、長期間保存中、安定した乳化状態を保持することができる高温加熱殺菌された密封容器入り油脂含有食品及びその製法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、乳脂肪、カカオ油脂、植物性油脂等の油脂成分を含む油脂含有飲料としては、ミルクコーヒー、ミルクティー、スープ等の乳飲料やココア飲料等が良く知られている。これら油脂含有飲料は、通常、上記油脂成分と他の原料とを温水に溶解し、100〜250kg/cm2 程度の圧力で均質化した後、缶等の容器に充填し、密封殺菌して製造される。
しかしながら、上記密封容器入り油脂含有飲料を長期間保存すると、飲料中の油脂成分は、飲料液上面に浮上し、リング状のクリーム層を形成し、飲料の品質を低下させる。
【0003】
そこで、クリーム層の発生を防止する手段として、蔗糖脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル等の各種乳化剤を単品もしくは数種組み合わせて添加することが行われている。
しかしながら、上記乳化剤を添加しても、クリーム層の発生を防止できるのは、油脂含有量が1重量%(以下「%」と記す)以下の飲料であり、高濃度に油脂を含有する飲料の場合には、乳化剤の効果は殆ど期待できない。また、油脂含有量が多い程、乳化剤の添加量も増えるため、乳化剤特有の苦味が飲料の風味を損ねるという問題もある。
また、油脂原料として生クリームやカカオ油脂を用いた場合、特に乳化状態が不安定となり易く、油脂含有量が1%以下でもリング層を形成したり、冷蔵保存によって凝集して凝固物となったりする。この凝固物は、容器を振っても再度分散させることができないため、品質低下の大きな原因となっている。
【0004】
そこで、上記問題を解決する方法としては、例えば、特開昭50−132160号公報に記載の方法が提案されている。この方法は、粉末ココアに植物ガム等の乳化安定剤を加えた水溶液を、60℃以上に加熱し、有機酸を添加してpHを5.0〜5.5に調整して蛋白変性させた後、50kg/cm2 以上の圧力で均質化し、希釈してチョコレート飲料とする方法である。
しかしながら、この方法では、水溶液が蛋白質の等電点にある場合、蛋白質の変性が進み、蛋白質自身が持つ保護コロイド作用が失われてしまい、再度pHを上昇させても、保護コロイド効果が得られないため、油脂の乳化を保持するために過剰に乳化剤や安定剤を添加する必要がある。
【0005】
また、その他の方法として、特開平1−252273号公報に記載の方法が挙げられる。この方法は、脂肪分含有乳成分からなる原料液に、グリセリン脂肪酸エステルとイオタカラギナンとを添加、溶解し、高速攪拌機にて予備乳化した後、200〜250kg/cm2 の圧力で均質化し、次いで、コーヒー抽出液もしくは果汁類と甘味成分とを加え、得られた混合液を加熱殺菌すると共に再度均質化を行う方法である。
しかしながら、この方法では、加熱殺菌をした後、再度均質化をして容器に充填しているので、▲1▼容器に充填する際、予め容器を殺菌しておき、無菌状態で充填を行うか、▲2▼容器に充填後再度殺菌するかのいずれかの処理をしなくては長期間保存する事ができないが、このような処理を行うと、殺菌工程が煩雑になったり、殺菌工程を2回行うことにより過剰な熱履歴を受け、飲料の風味が悪くなるという欠点がある。
また、この方法では、油脂の含有量が1%を超える飲料の場合には、乳化を十分に行うことができない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みなされたものであって、その目的とするところは、高濃度に油脂成分や蛋白質を含有していても、長期間に亘って安定した乳化状態を保持し得る密封容器入り油脂含有食品及びその製法を提供するにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的は、油脂と蛋白質とを含有してなる密封容器入り油脂含有食品であって、該油脂含有食品中、陽イオン濃度が10-3〜10-1mol/l、かつ、水不溶性成分の最大粒子径が1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする高温加熱殺菌された密封容器入り油脂含有食品、並びに、油脂と蛋白質と水分とを混合し、陽イオン濃度が10-3〜10-1mol/lとなるよう調整した後、均質化して水不溶性成分の最大粒子径を1.0μm以下とし、高温加熱殺菌することを特徴とする高温加熱殺菌された密封容器入り油脂含有食品の製法によって達成される。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明者らは、油脂と蛋白質及びその他原料を温水等に混合溶解して油脂含有溶液を得るに際し、溶液中の陽イオン濃度が10-3〜10-1mol/lとなるように調整し、次いで、均質化して水不溶性成分の最大粒子径を1.0μm以下まで微細化すると、長期間に亘り、乳化状態を安定化できることを見いだし本発明に到達した。
【0009】
次に、本発明を詳しく説明する。
本発明に係る油脂成分を含有する食品としては、例えば、ミルクコーヒー、ウインナーコーヒー、ミルクティー、ココア、チョコレート飲料、スープ、味噌汁、ミルク汁粉、ミルクセーキ、抹茶ミルク、酸性乳飲料等の油脂含有飲料や、ババロア、プリン等のデザートミックス類、ドレッシング、ソース等の調味食品等が挙げられる。
本発明は、上記食品を、容器に充填して密封し、レトルト殺菌機等を用いて、例えば115〜130℃で10〜30分程度の高温加熱殺菌を行うことにより、密封容器入り食品とする場合に特に好適である。
すなわち、通常、上記のような過酷な熱履歴を受けると、食品中の蛋白質等が熱変性を起こし、凝集物が生じたり、風味が悪くなったりするが、本発明では、食品中の陽イオン濃度、及び水不溶性成分の最大粒子径を特定範囲に設定しているので、115〜130℃で10〜30分程度の高温加熱殺菌(所謂「レトルト殺菌」)を行っても、上記のような問題が生じることがない。
【0010】
上記油脂含有食品に用いられる油脂成分としては、生クリーム、牛乳、全粉乳、練乳、バター、チーズ等の乳製品由来の乳脂肪や、コーヒーオイル、カカオ油脂、カカオ同等脂、サラダ油、椰子油、大豆等の種実油、マーガリン、中鎖トリグリセリド、ナッツペースト等の植物性油脂を含有するものもしくはそれらの加工品や、魚油、ラード、ヘッド、卵油等の動物性油脂もしくはそれらの加工品等が挙げられる。これらは、目的に応じて単独でも2種以上併用してもよい。
【0011】
次に、蛋白質としては、牛乳、全粉乳、脱脂粉乳、全脂練乳、脱脂練乳、豆乳、バター、チーズ等の乳製品を飲料に含有させてもよく、あるいは、カゼイン、カゼインナトリウム等の乳製品由来の蛋白質精製物を含有させてもよい。また、これらは目的に応じて単独でも2種以上併用してもよい。
【0012】
更に、油脂含有食品中には、その他の原料として糖類、果実や野菜等の加工品酸味料、塩類、香料、着色料、澱粉、調味料、乳化剤、安定剤等を適宜選択して用いればよい。
【0013】
なお、本発明の油脂含有食品中においては、油脂含有量1重量部に対する蛋白質の含有量が0.75重量部を超えるように各原料を混合することが望ましい。蛋白質の含有量が、油脂含有量1重量部に対し、0.75重量部以下であると、油脂含有食品独特のコク味が不足し、風味のバランスが悪くなる傾向にある。
【0014】
また、油脂含有食品中の陽イオン濃度は10-3〜10-1mol/lとすることが重要である。
上記陽イオンとしては、油脂含有溶液中の原料に由来するナトリウムイオン(Na+)、カリウムイオン(K+ )、カルシウムイオン(Ca2+)、燐イオン(P3+)等が挙げられる。
これら陽イオン濃度が10-3mol/ l未満であったり、10-1mol/ lを超えると、乳化状態を長期間維持することができず、食品上面にクリーム層が発生する。なお、このとき陽イオン濃度は、炎光分析法やイオンメーター等を用いて測定すればよい。
【0015】
陽イオン濃度の調整方法としては、例えば、油脂含有溶液中の陽イオン濃度が10-3mol/ l未満である場合には、アルカリ金属塩や有機酸塩等の塩類を、単独または併用して添加すればよく、逆に10-1mol/ lを超える場合には、油脂含有溶液の一部または全量をイオン交換樹脂に接触させることにより、濃度を低減すればよい。
【0016】
また、本発明の油脂含有食品の水不溶性成分の最大粒子径は1.0μm以下、好ましくは0.7μm以下とする。最大粒子径が1.0μmを超えると、たとえ、油脂含有食品の陽イオン濃度を10-3〜10-1mol/lに調製しても、長期乳化安定化効果を得ることができない。
なお、ここでいう水不溶性成分とは、油脂成分や蛋白質及びこれらの複合物やその他の固形物等を指す。
【0017】
次に、本発明の密封容器入り油脂含有食品は、例えば、次のようにして製造される。すなわち、まず、上記油脂と蛋白質、及び必要に応じてその他原料を混合し、水等の水性媒体を添加して50℃以上、好ましくは85℃以下に昇温保持し、上記条件を満たす油脂含有溶液とする。すなわち、食品中の陽イオン濃度を上記範囲としておく。
【0018】
このとき油脂含有溶液の昇温温度が50℃未満であると、後述の均質化工程において、水不溶性成分の最大粒子径を1.0μm以下にすることが困難になる傾向にあり、逆に85℃を超えると、後述の均質化工程中に油脂含有均質化溶液の温度が上昇しすぎてしまい、過度の熱履歴を受けて風味が劣化する傾向にある。なお、昇温方法は特に限定するものではなく、温水等の加熱した水性媒体の添加、ジャケット式タンクにより熱水、蒸気を循環させる間接加熱、プレート式ヒーター等の方法を適宜用いればよい。
【0019】
次に、上記油脂含有溶液を均質化し、水不溶性成分の最大粒子径が1.0μm以下の油脂含有均質化溶液とする。
このときの均質化圧力は、好ましくは500kg/cm2 以上、より好ましくは700〜1500kg/cm2 にすると、水溶性成分の最大粒子径を1.0μm以下とすることができる。
【0020】
このとき使用する均質機は、例えば、図2に示すような高速ホモミキサーや、図3に示すようなマントンゴーリン、図1に示すような液体流路が分岐後合流するような機構を有する均質機や、アクアジェットポンプ(株式会社スギノマシン製)等の、乳化物同士を衝突させるか、もしくは乳化物を器壁に衝突させるような機構を有する均質機が挙げられる。
【0021】
図2(a)〜(c)に示すように、高速ホモミキサーは、ステーター16内のタービン羽根17を高速回転させることによって、液体を高速で攪拌し、その間に生じる剪断力、衝撃、粒子同士の衝突等によって均質化を行うものである。
また、図3に示すように、マントンゴーリンは、一定量の試料30を高圧でバルブ22とバルブ23との細い間隙Cに送り、その時の粒子の衝突によって均質化するものである。マントンゴーリンにおける圧力は、試料30が間隔Cを通過する前までにかかる圧力の総量を検出するようになっている。
【0022】
また、このとき、例えば、図1に示すような液体流路が分岐後合流するような機構を有する均質機を用いると、乳化効果が高まり、好適である。
具体的には、例えば、ナノマイザー(株)製の「ナノマイザー」やマイクロフルイデックス社製の「マイクロフルイダイザー」等が挙げられる。
【0023】
図1において、1はポンプ、2は圧力計、3はチャンバー、4は送液路、5a、5bは分割路(細管)、6は送液路、7は製品出口である。
この均質機は、送液路4が分岐点Aで2本の分割路5a、5bとなり、更に、この分割路5a、5bが合流点Bで合流して送液路6となっている。
このような機構となっていることにより、ポンプ1を介して、高圧で試料10を送液路4へ送ったとき、試料10中の粒子が分岐点Aで衝突して分岐し、次に各分割路5a、5bの細い流路を通ることにより、更に粒子同士が衝突し、そして、各分割路5a、5bの合流点Bで液体同士が合流する衝撃で更に粒子が衝突するようになっている。なお、この均質機において圧力は、試料10が分割路5a、5bに入る前までの圧力を検出するようになっている。
従って、前述の図2や図3に示す高速ホモミキサーやマントンゴーリンタイプの均質機に比べ、液体全体に均一に均質圧力が加わり、液体中の水不溶性成分の粒子径を均一に小さくすることができる。
【0024】
また、上記均質化は、1回でも2回以上繰り返してもよく、圧力や油脂含有溶液の種類に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
また、均質機構の異なる均質機を2種以上併用したり、1回ごとに異なる均質化圧力としてもよい。
なお、均質化工程において、乳化剤もしくは安定剤を予め溶解した液を油脂含有溶液とは別に用意しておき、油脂含有溶液を均質化した後に、添加すると長期保存中の耐熱性芽胞菌等の繁殖を抑制することができ好適である。
【0025】
次に、上記油脂含有均質化溶液を、そのまままたは適宜加熱して缶、瓶、紙パック、レトルトパウチ等の容器に充填、密封し、レトルト殺菌機等により高温加熱殺菌する。なお、密封は殺菌の後に行ってもよい。
上記のようにして得られた密封容器入り油脂含有食品は、殺菌時の熱履歴を受けているにも拘わらず、蛋白質の臭みがなく良好な風味を有し、なおかつ乳化安定性に優れ、長期間保存してもその状態を保つことができる。
また、上記油脂含有均質化溶液に更に加工を施してもよい。
また、本発明の密封容器入り油脂含有食品は、常温のまま流通しても、必要に応じ、加温もしくは冷蔵して販売することもできる。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の密封容器入り油脂含有食品は、陽イオン濃度が特定に調整され、かつ水不溶性成分の最大粒子径が1.0μm以下まで微細化されているので、食品の製造中、殺菌による過酷な熱履歴を受けても、長期に亘り良好な乳化安定性を保持することができる。
本発明は、特に、乳化状態が不安定になりやすい飲料において優れた効果が発揮される。すなわち、例えば高濃度の油脂を含有する飲料や、カカオ油脂、生クリーム等の、乳化に対して特異的に不安定な油脂を含有する飲料に好適に用いることができ、更に、上記飲料をレトルト殺菌機等による高温加熱殺菌工程を経て密封容器入り飲料とする場合に好適に用いることができる。
【0027】
次に、本発明を実施例を挙げて具体的に説明する。
〈実施例1〜4、比較例1〉
表1の配合Aに示す組成で油脂含有溶液を調製し、陽イオン濃度をイオンメーター(堀場製作所製N−8F)を用いて測定した後、表2に示す条件で均質化した。
〈実施例5〉
表1の配合Bに示す組成で油脂含有溶液を調製し、陽イオン濃度をイオンメーター(堀場製作所製N−8F)を用いて測定した後、表2に示す条件で均質化した。
〈比較例2〉
表1の配合Cに示す組成で、油脂含有溶液を調製し、陽イオン濃度をイオンメーター(堀場製作所製N−8F)を用いて測定した後、表2に示す条件で均質化した。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 0003679321
【0029】
上記実施例及び比較例の油脂含有均質化溶液を、ガラス瓶(240cc容量、直径65mm、高さ120mm)に充填し、巻き締めした後、121℃で20分間加熱殺菌した。
このようにして得られた瓶入り抹茶飲料を25℃で3か月間静置した後、生成したクリーム層の幅を測定した。また、製造直後の各飲料の風味(コク味)について、専門パネラー10名にて官能評価した。その結果を表2に併せて示す。
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0003679321
【0031】
表2の結果から、実施例1〜5の瓶入り抹茶飲料は、長期間加温保存した後も乳化状態が良好であり、クリーム層の発生が認められないか、または認められたとしても極僅かであった。
特に、実施例1〜4の瓶入り抹茶飲料は、油脂含有飲料独特のコク味を有しており、風味も大変良好であった。
これに対し比較例1と2の瓶入り抹茶飲料は、長期間保存中に乳化が破壊され、厚いクリーム層が生じていた。
【0032】
〈実施例6〜9、比較例3〉
表3の配合Dに示す組成で油脂含有溶液を調製し、表4に示す条件で均質化した他は、実施例1と同様にして瓶入りココア飲料を得た。
〈実施例10〉
表3の配合Eに示す組成で油脂含有溶液を調製し、表4に示す条件で均質化した他は、実施例1と同様にして瓶入りココア飲料を得た。
〈比較例4〉
表3の配合Fに示す組成で油脂含有溶液を調製し、表4に示す条件で均質化した他は、実施例1と同様にして瓶入りココア飲料を得た。
このようにして得られた瓶入りココア飲料を25℃で3か月間静置した後、生成したクリーム層の幅を測定した。また、製造直後の風味(コク味)について、専門パネラー10名にて官能評価した。その結果を表4に併せて示す。
【0033】
【表3】
Figure 0003679321
【0034】
【表4】
Figure 0003679321
【0035】
表4の結果から、実施例6〜10の瓶入りココア飲料は、長期間加温保存しても蛋白質の臭みが感じられず良好な風味を有していた。また、比較的乳化状態の不安定なカカオ油脂が含有されているにもかかわらず、乳化状態が長期に亘って良好であり、クリームの発生が認められないか、または認められたとしても極僅かであった。特に、実施例6〜9の瓶入りココア飲料は、油脂含有飲料独特のコク味を有しており、風味も大変良好であった。
これに対し比較例3〜4の瓶入りココア飲料は、保存中に乳化が破壊され、厚いクリーム層が生じていた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明で用いる均質機の機構を示す説明図。
【図2】本発明で用いる均質機の機構を示す説明図。
【図3】本発明で用いる均質機の機構を示す説明図。
【符号の説明】
1 ポンプ
2 圧力計
3 チャンバー
4 送液路
5 分割路
6 送液路
7 製品出口
10 試料[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a fat-containing food in a hermetically sealed container that is capable of maintaining a stable emulsified state during long-term storage and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, milk and beverages containing fat and oil components such as milk fat, cacao oil and fat, vegetable oil and fat, milk drinks such as milk coffee, milk tea, and soup, and cocoa drinks are well known. These fat and oil-containing beverages are usually produced by dissolving the above fat and oil ingredients and other raw materials in warm water, homogenizing them at a pressure of about 100 to 250 kg / cm 2 , filling them into containers such as cans, and sealing and sterilizing them. Is done.
However, when the above fat-containing beverage in a sealed container is stored for a long period of time, the fat component in the beverage floats on the upper surface of the beverage, forms a ring-shaped cream layer, and lowers the quality of the beverage.
[0003]
Therefore, as means for preventing the generation of the cream layer, various emulsifiers such as sucrose fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglycerin fatty acid ester and polyglycerin fatty acid ester are added individually or in combination.
However, the addition of the above-mentioned emulsifier can prevent the formation of a cream layer in beverages having a fat content of 1% by weight (hereinafter referred to as “%”) or less, In some cases, the effect of the emulsifier can hardly be expected. Moreover, since the addition amount of an emulsifier increases as the fat content increases, there is also a problem that the bitterness unique to the emulsifier impairs the flavor of the beverage.
In addition, when fresh cream or cacao oil or fat is used as an oil or fat raw material, the emulsified state tends to become unstable, and even if the oil or fat content is 1% or less, a ring layer is formed or agglomerated by refrigeration storage to become a coagulated product. To do. This coagulated product cannot be dispersed again even if the container is shaken, which is a major cause of quality deterioration.
[0004]
Therefore, as a method for solving the above problem, for example, a method described in JP-A-50-132160 has been proposed. In this method, an aqueous solution in which an emulsion stabilizer such as plant gum is added to powdered cocoa is heated to 60 ° C. or higher, and an organic acid is added to adjust the pH to 5.0 to 5.5 for protein denaturation. Then, it is a method of homogenizing at a pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 or more and diluting to make a chocolate beverage.
However, in this method, when the aqueous solution is at the isoelectric point of the protein, protein denaturation proceeds and the protective colloid action of the protein itself is lost. Even if the pH is raised again, the protective colloid effect can be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to add an emulsifier and a stabilizer excessively in order to maintain the emulsification of the fats and oils.
[0005]
Other methods include those described in JP-A-1-252273. In this method, a glycerin fatty acid ester and iota carrageenan are added and dissolved in a raw material liquid composed of a fat-containing milk component, pre-emulsified with a high-speed stirrer, and then homogenized at a pressure of 200 to 250 kg / cm 2. In this method, a coffee extract or fruit juice and a sweetening component are added, and the resulting mixture is sterilized by heating and homogenized again.
However, in this method, after sterilization by heating, the container is homogenized again and filled into the container. (1) When filling the container, is the container pre-sterilized and filled in aseptic condition? (2) The container cannot be stored for a long time unless it is sterilized again after filling into the container. However, if such a process is performed, the sterilization process becomes complicated or the sterilization process is not performed. There is a drawback in that it is excessively heat-history by being performed twice, and the flavor of the beverage is deteriorated.
Moreover, in this method, in the case of a beverage in which the content of fats and oils exceeds 1%, emulsification cannot be sufficiently performed.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to maintain a stable emulsified state for a long period of time even when containing a fat component or protein at a high concentration. The object is to provide a fat-containing food containing a sealed container and a method for producing the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-mentioned object is a fat-containing food in a sealed container containing fat and protein, wherein the fat-containing food has a cation concentration of 10 −3 to 10 −1 mol / l and a water-insoluble component. The fat-containing food in a hermetically sealed container sterilized by high-temperature heat sterilization characterized by having a maximum particle size of 1.0 μm or less, and a mixture of fat, oil, protein and water, and a cation concentration of 10 −3 to 10 After adjusting to 1 mol / l, homogenization is performed so that the maximum particle size of the water-insoluble component is 1.0 μm or less, and high-temperature heat-sterilized food containing fat and oil in a sealed container is sterilized at high temperature . Achieved by manufacturing method.
[0008]
That is, the present inventors mixed and dissolved fats and oils and proteins and other raw materials in warm water or the like to obtain a fat and oil-containing solution so that the cation concentration in the solution is 10 −3 to 10 −1 mol / l. After adjusting and then homogenizing to refine the maximum particle size of the water-insoluble component to 1.0 μm or less, it was found that the emulsified state can be stabilized over a long period of time, and the present invention has been achieved.
[0009]
Next, the present invention will be described in detail.
Examples of the food containing the fat and oil component according to the present invention include fat-containing beverages such as milk coffee, Wiener coffee, milk tea, cocoa, chocolate drinks, soup, miso soup, milk juice powder, milk shake, matcha milk, and acidic milk drinks. , Dessert mixes such as Bavaroa and pudding, and seasoning foods such as dressings and sauces.
In the present invention, the above food is filled in a container and sealed, and is subjected to high-temperature heat sterilization at 115 to 130 ° C. for about 10 to 30 minutes using a retort sterilizer or the like to obtain a food in a sealed container. It is particularly suitable for the case.
That is, usually, when subjected to the severe heat history as described above, proteins in the food undergo thermal denaturation, resulting in agglomerates and poor flavor. Since the concentration and the maximum particle size of the water-insoluble component are set within a specific range, even if high temperature heat sterilization (so-called “retort sterilization”) is performed at 115 to 130 ° C. for about 10 to 30 minutes, There is no problem.
[0010]
As fat components used in the above fat-containing food, milk fat derived from dairy products such as fresh cream, milk, whole milk powder, condensed milk, butter, cheese, coffee oil, cacao fat, cacao equivalent fat, salad oil, coconut oil, Contains seed oils such as soybeans, margarine, medium chain triglycerides, vegetable oils such as nut paste or processed products thereof, animal oils such as fish oil, lard, head, egg oil or processed products thereof Can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more according to the purpose.
[0011]
Next, as protein, milk products such as milk, whole milk powder, skim milk powder, whole fat condensed milk, skimmed condensed milk, soy milk, butter, cheese, etc. may be included in the beverage, or dairy products such as casein, casein sodium, etc. You may contain the protein refinement | purification material derived from. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more according to the purpose.
[0012]
Furthermore, in fat and oil-containing foods, as other raw materials, processed products such as sugars, fruits and vegetables, acidulants, salts, flavorings, coloring agents, starches, seasonings, emulsifiers, stabilizers and the like may be appropriately selected and used. .
[0013]
In addition, in the fat-and-oil containing foodstuff of this invention, it is desirable to mix each raw material so that protein content may exceed 0.75 weight part with respect to 1 weight part of fats and oils. If the protein content is 0.75 parts by weight or less with respect to 1 part by weight of the fat and oil content, the rich taste unique to the fat and oil-containing food tends to be insufficient, and the flavor balance tends to deteriorate.
[0014]
Moreover, it is important that the cation concentration in the oil-containing food is 10 −3 to 10 −1 mol / l.
Examples of the cation include sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + ), calcium ion (Ca 2+ ), phosphorus ion (P 3+ ) and the like derived from the raw material in the oil and fat-containing solution.
If the cation concentration is less than 10 −3 mol / l or exceeds 10 −1 mol / l, the emulsified state cannot be maintained for a long time, and a cream layer is generated on the upper surface of the food. At this time, the cation concentration may be measured using a flame analysis method or an ion meter.
[0015]
As a method for adjusting the cation concentration, for example, when the cation concentration in the oil-containing solution is less than 10 −3 mol / l, salts such as alkali metal salts and organic acid salts may be used alone or in combination. In contrast, when it exceeds 10 −1 mol / l, the concentration may be reduced by bringing a part or all of the oil-containing solution into contact with the ion exchange resin.
[0016]
Moreover, the maximum particle size of the water-insoluble component of the oil-containing food of the present invention is 1.0 μm or less, preferably 0.7 μm or less. When the maximum particle size exceeds 1.0 μm, even if the cation concentration of the oil-containing food is adjusted to 10 −3 to 10 −1 mol / l, the long-term emulsion stabilization effect cannot be obtained.
In addition, the water-insoluble component here refers to an oil-and-fat component, a protein, a composite thereof, other solids, and the like.
[0017]
Next, the oil-and-fat-containing food in a sealed container of the present invention is produced, for example, as follows. That is, first, the above fat and protein, and other raw materials as necessary are mixed, and an aqueous medium such as water is added, and the temperature is maintained at 50 ° C. or higher, preferably 85 ° C. or lower, and the fat and oil containing the above conditions are satisfied Make a solution. That is, the cation concentration in the food is set in the above range.
[0018]
At this time, if the temperature rise temperature of the oil-containing solution is less than 50 ° C., it tends to be difficult to make the maximum particle size of the water-insoluble component 1.0 μm or less in the homogenization step described later. If it exceeds ℃, the temperature of the fat-and-oil-containing homogenized solution will rise excessively during the homogenizing step described later, and the flavor tends to deteriorate due to excessive heat history. The temperature raising method is not particularly limited, and a method such as addition of a heated aqueous medium such as hot water, indirect heating in which hot water or steam is circulated through a jacketed tank, or a plate heater may be used as appropriate.
[0019]
Next, the said fat-and-oil containing solution is homogenized, and it is set as the fat-and-oil containing homogenized solution whose maximum particle diameter of a water-insoluble component is 1.0 micrometer or less.
Homogenization pressure at this time is preferably 500 kg / cm 2 or more, more preferably when the 700~1500kg / cm 2, the maximum particle diameter of the water-soluble component may be 1.0μm or less.
[0020]
The homogenizer used at this time is, for example, a high-speed homomixer as shown in FIG. 2, a Manton Gorin as shown in FIG. 3, or a homogenous mechanism having a mechanism in which the liquid flow path as shown in FIG. And a homogenous machine having a mechanism for causing the emulsions to collide with each other or causing the emulsion to collide with the vessel wall, such as an aqua jet pump (manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.).
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the high-speed homomixer stirs the liquid at high speed by rotating the turbine blades 17 in the stator 16 at high speed, and generates shearing force, impact, and particles between them. Homogenization is performed by the collision of the above.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the manton gourin sends a constant amount of the sample 30 to the narrow gap C between the valve 22 and the valve 23 at a high pressure and homogenizes it by the collision of particles at that time. The pressure in Manton Gorin detects the total amount of pressure applied before the sample 30 passes through the interval C.
[0022]
At this time, for example, it is preferable to use a homogenizer having a mechanism such that the liquid flow paths as shown in FIG.
Specifically, for example, “Nanomizer” manufactured by Nanomizer Co., Ltd., “Microfluidizer” manufactured by Microfluidics, and the like can be mentioned.
[0023]
In FIG. 1, 1 is a pump, 2 is a pressure gauge, 3 is a chamber, 4 is a liquid feeding path, 5a and 5b are dividing paths (fine tubes), 6 is a liquid feeding path, and 7 is a product outlet.
In this homogenizer, the liquid feed path 4 is divided into two split paths 5a and 5b at a branch point A, and the split paths 5a and 5b are joined at a junction B to form a liquid feed path 6.
Due to such a mechanism, when the sample 10 is sent to the liquid feeding path 4 at a high pressure via the pump 1, the particles in the sample 10 collide at the branch point A and branch. By passing through the narrow flow paths of the dividing paths 5a and 5b, the particles collide further, and the particles collide with each other at the junction B of the dividing paths 5a and 5b. Yes. In this homogenizer, the pressure before the sample 10 enters the dividing paths 5a and 5b is detected.
Therefore, compared with the high-speed homomixer or the manton gorin type homogenizer shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the uniform pressure is uniformly applied to the entire liquid, and the particle size of the water-insoluble component in the liquid can be uniformly reduced. it can.
[0024]
Moreover, the said homogenization may be repeated once or twice or more, and may be set as appropriate according to the pressure and the type of oil-containing solution.
Further, two or more homogenizers having different homogenous mechanisms may be used in combination, or different homogenization pressures may be used each time.
In addition, in the homogenization step, a solution in which an emulsifier or stabilizer is dissolved in advance is prepared separately from the oil-containing solution, and when the oil-containing solution is homogenized, it is added to propagate heat-resistant spore bacteria during long-term storage. This is preferable.
[0025]
Next, the fat-and-oil-containing homogenized solution is heated as it is or appropriately, filled in a container such as a can, bottle, paper pack, or retort pouch, sealed, and sterilized by high-temperature heat using a retort sterilizer or the like. Sealing may be performed after sterilization.
The fat-containing food in a sealed container obtained as described above has a good flavor without protein odor despite having a heat history at the time of sterilization, and is excellent in emulsion stability and long. Even if it is stored for a period, the state can be maintained.
Moreover, you may further process to the said fat-and-oil containing homogenization solution.
Moreover, even if the fat-containing food in a sealed container of the present invention is distributed at room temperature, it can be sold by heating or refrigeration as necessary.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the oil-and-fat-containing food in a sealed container of the present invention is adjusted to a specific cation concentration and the maximum particle size of the water-insoluble component is refined to 1.0 μm or less. Even under severe heat history due to sterilization, good emulsification stability can be maintained over a long period of time.
The present invention is particularly effective for beverages in which the emulsified state tends to be unstable. That is, for example, it can be suitably used for beverages containing a high concentration of fats and oils, fats and oils that are specifically unstable to emulsification, such as cacao fats and oils, and the retort It can use suitably, when it is set as a drink with a sealed container through the high temperature heat sterilization process by a sterilizer.
[0027]
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
<Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Example 1>
After preparing an oil-and-fat-containing solution with the composition shown in Formulation A in Table 1, the cation concentration was measured using an ion meter (N-8F manufactured by Horiba Seisakusho), and then homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 2.
<Example 5>
An oil-containing solution was prepared with the composition shown in Formulation B of Table 1, and the cation concentration was measured using an ion meter (N-8F manufactured by Horiba Seisakusho), and then homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 2.
<Comparative example 2>
After preparing an oil and fat-containing solution with the composition shown in Formulation C of Table 1, the cation concentration was measured using an ion meter (N-8F manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), and then homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 2.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003679321
[0029]
The fat-and-oil-containing homogenized solutions of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were filled in a glass bottle (240 cc capacity, diameter 65 mm, height 120 mm), wound, and then heat sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes.
The bottled green tea beverage thus obtained was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 3 months, and then the width of the produced cream layer was measured. Moreover, sensory evaluation was carried out by 10 expert panelists about the flavor (kokumi) of each beverage immediately after production. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003679321
[0031]
From the results of Table 2, the bottled green tea beverages of Examples 1 to 5 are in a good emulsified state even after being warmed for a long period of time, and even if the generation of a cream layer is not observed or is recognized, It was slight.
In particular, the bottled green tea beverages of Examples 1 to 4 had a rich taste peculiar to fat and oil-containing beverages, and the flavor was very good.
On the other hand, the bottled green tea beverages of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were broken in emulsification during storage for a long period of time, resulting in a thick cream layer.
[0032]
<Examples 6 to 9, Comparative Example 3>
A cocoa beverage in a bottle was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an oil-containing solution was prepared with the composition shown in Formulation D of Table 3 and homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 4.
<Example 10>
A cocoa beverage in a bottle was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an oil-containing solution was prepared with the composition shown in Formulation E of Table 3 and homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 4.
<Comparative example 4>
A cocoa beverage in a bottle was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an oil-containing solution was prepared with the composition shown in Formulation F in Table 3 and homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 4.
The bottled cocoa beverage thus obtained was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 3 months, and then the width of the produced cream layer was measured. Moreover, sensory evaluation was carried out by 10 professional panelists about the flavor (kokumi) immediately after manufacture. The results are also shown in Table 4.
[0033]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003679321
[0034]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003679321
[0035]
From the results shown in Table 4, the bottled cocoa beverages of Examples 6 to 10 had a good flavor with no protein odor even after warm storage for a long time. In addition, despite containing relatively unstable cocoa fats and oils, the emulsified state is good over a long period of time, and the occurrence of cream is not observed, or very little if any Met. In particular, the cocoa drinks in bottles of Examples 6 to 9 had a rich taste unique to fat and oil-containing drinks, and the flavor was also very good.
On the other hand, the bottled cocoa beverages of Comparative Examples 3 to 4 were broken in emulsification during storage, resulting in a thick cream layer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a mechanism of a homogenizer used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a mechanism of a homogenizer used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a mechanism of a homogenizer used in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Pump 2 Pressure gauge 3 Chamber 4 Liquid feed path 5 Dividing path 6 Liquid feed path 7 Product outlet 10 Sample

Claims (2)

油脂と蛋白質とを含有してなる密封容器入り油脂含有食品であって、該油脂含有食品中、陽イオン濃度が10-3〜10-1mol/l、かつ、水不溶性成分の最大粒子径が1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする高温加熱殺菌された密封容器入り油脂含有食品。A fat-containing food in a sealed container containing fats and oils, wherein the fat-containing food has a cation concentration of 10 −3 to 10 −1 mol / l and a maximum particle size of a water-insoluble component. A fat-containing food in a hermetically sealed container sterilized at high temperature, which is 1.0 μm or less. 油脂と蛋白質と水分とを混合し、陽イオン濃度が10-3〜10-1mol/lとなるよう調整した後、均質化して水不溶性成分の最大粒子径を1.0μm以下とし、高温加熱殺菌することを特徴とする高温加熱殺菌された密封容器入り油脂含有食品の製法。The fat and protein and water are mixed, after adjusting to cation concentration of 10 -3 ~10 -1 mol / l, homogenized by a maximum particle size of the water-insoluble components and 1.0μm or less, a high temperature high temperature heating sterilized sealed containers preparation of fat-containing food, characterized in that heat sterilization.
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