JP3673388B2 - Musical sound channel assignment apparatus and musical sound channel assignment method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a musical sound channel assignment apparatus or a musical sound channel assignment method, and more particularly to control of synthesis of musical sounds having the same frequency.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in an electronic musical instrument channel assignment device, a number of musical sound generation channels that are not more than the number of musical sounds that can be generated simultaneously are configured by time-sharing processing. Assigned to an empty channel, thereby generating a musical sound.
[0003]
The musical sound assigned to each channel depends on the operation of each key on the keyboard, and the pitch (frequency) is different. The waveform of this tone is the same or different. If the tone waveform is different, the tone will be different.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in some cases, a plurality of musical sounds assigned to each channel have the same pitch (frequency), and it is useless to assign different channels to such a musical tone having the same frequency. In addition, some of the envelope musical sounds generated individually have the same pitch (frequency) in some cases, and it was useless to add separate envelopes to such musical sounds of the same frequency.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention discriminates musical tones having the same frequency among a plurality of musical tones generated at the same time, synthesizes the generated amounts of musical tones having the same frequency, and combines them into one channel. When assigning musical sounds to these channels, the size of each musical sound is discriminated, and a channel is assigned to the musical sound selected based on the discrimination result.
[0006]
As a result, it is possible not to assign a channel to a small musical sound from the beginning, or to channel a channel to which a small musical sound is assigned to a large musical sound to effectively use the channel. In addition, a large musical sound can be preferentially assigned to a channel to realize a good sound feeling.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1. Overall circuit
FIG. 1 shows an entire circuit of a musical tone control apparatus or an electronic musical instrument. Each key of the keyboard 11 instructs to generate and mute a musical tone, and is scanned by the key scan circuit 12 to detect data indicating key-on and key-off, and is written in the program / data storage unit 4 by the controller 2. Then, it is compared with the data indicating the on / off state of each key stored in the program / data storage unit 4 so far, and the on / off event of each key is discriminated by the controller 2.
[0008]
Each key of the keyboard 11 is provided with a step touch switch, the above scan is performed for each step switch, and an on event / off event is detected for each on / off of the top of each step switch. The step switch generates the touch information indicating the touch speed and strength, that is, the initial touch data and the after touch data.
[0009]
The keyboard 11 is composed of a lower keyboard, an upper keyboard, a pedal keyboard, and the like, and a tone having a different tone color, that is, a tone having a different envelope waveform is generated for each. With respect to the upper keyboard, it is possible to simultaneously play two tone sounds with one key-on. The keyboard 11 may be replaced with an electronic stringed instrument, an electronic brass (wind) instrument, an electronic percussion instrument (pad, etc.), a computer keyboard, or the like.
[0010]
Each switch of the panel switch group 13 is scanned by the panel scan circuit 14. By this scanning, data indicating ON / OFF of each switch is detected and written to the program / data storage unit 4 by the controller 2. Then, the controller 2 compares the data indicating the on / off state of each switch that has been stored in the program / data storage unit 4 so far, and the controller 2 determines whether each switch is on or off.
[0011]
The MIDI interface 15 is an interface for transmitting / receiving musical sound data to / from an externally connected electronic musical instrument. The musical tone data is based on the MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard, and sound generation based on the musical tone data is also performed.
[0012]
The keyboard 11 or the midi interface 15 includes an automatic performance device. The performance information (musical sound generation information) generated from the keyboard 11, the panel switch group 13, and the midi interface 15 is information for generating musical sounds.
[0013]
The performance information (musical tone generation information) is musical factor information, such as pitch (frequency range) information (pitch determinant), pronunciation time information, performance field information, pronunciation number information, resonance information, etc. is there. The pronunciation time information indicates the elapsed time from the start of tone generation. The performance field information indicates performance part information, musical sound part information, musical instrument part information, etc., and corresponds to, for example, melody, accompaniment, chord, bass, rhythm, MIDI, etc., or upper keyboard, lower keyboard, foot keyboard, solo keyboard , MIDI, etc.
[0014]
The pitch information is captured as key number data KN. The key number data KN is composed of octave data (sound range data) and pitch name data. The performance field information is taken in as part number data PN, and this part number data PN is data for identifying each performance area, and is set according to which performance area the musical sound subjected to sound generation is from.
[0015]
The pronunciation time information is taken in as tone time data TM and is obtained by a flowchart described later, based on time count data from a key-on event, or substituted in an envelope phase. This sounding time information is shown in detail in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-219324 and drawings as elapsed time information from the start of sounding.
[0016]
The number-of-sounding information indicates the number of musical sounds that are simultaneously generated. For example, this number is based on the number of musical sounds whose on / off data in the assignment memory 40 is “1”. 15 and FIG. 8 and FIG. 18 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-2476855, FIG. 9 and FIG. 20 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-276857, and FIG. 9 and FIG. 21 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-276858. It is done.
[0017]
The resonance degree information indicates the degree of resonance between one musical sound that is sounded at the same time and another musical sound. If the pitch frequency of one musical tone and the pitch frequency of the other musical tone are small integer ratios such as 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: 5, 5: 6, the resonance information The value is large, and the value of the resonance degree information is small if the integer multiple ratio is large such as 9: 8, 15: 8, 15:16, 45:32, 64:45. This resonance degree information is read from the resonance correlation table 53 or the resonance ratio table 54 in FIG. 7 of Japanese Patent Application No. 1-314818.
[0018]
Further, the panel switch group 13 is provided with various switches, and these various switches are timbre tablets, effect switches, rhythm switches, pedals, wheels, levers, dials, handles, touch switches, etc., which are for musical instruments. . This pedal is a damper pedal, a sustain pedal, a mute pedal, a soft pedal, or the like.
[0019]
Music control information is generated from the various switches, and the music control information is information for controlling the generated music and is musical factor information. Tone information (tone determination factor), touch information (pronunciation) Speed (intensity of instruction operation), sound number information, resonance information, effect information, rhythm information, sound image (stereo) information, quantize information, modulation information, tempo information, volume information, envelope information, and the like. The musical factor information is also merged with the performance information (musical sound information) and input from the various switches, and is merged with the automatic performance information or the performance information transmitted / received through the interface.
[0020]
The tone information corresponds to the type of instrument (sounding medium / sounding means) of a keyboard instrument (piano, etc.), a wind instrument (flute, etc.), a stringed instrument (violin, etc.), and a percussion instrument (drum, etc.). Captured as TN. The envelope information includes an envelope level EL, an envelope time ET, an envelope phase EF, and the like.
[0021]
Such musical factor information is sent to the controller 2, and various signals, data, and parameters to be described later are switched to determine the contents of the musical sound. The performance information (musical tone generation information) and the musical tone control information are processed by the controller 2 and various data are sent to the musical tone signal generator 5 to generate a musical sound waveform signal MW. The controller 2 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
[0022]
The program / data storage unit 4 (internal storage medium / means) includes a storage device such as ROM or writable RAM, flash memory, or EEPROM, and is stored in the information storage unit 7 (external storage medium / means) such as an optical disk or magnetic disk. The stored computer program is copied and stored (installed / transferred). The program / data storage unit 4 also stores (installs / transfers) a program transmitted from an external electronic musical instrument or computer via the MIDI device or the transmission / reception device. The storage medium for this program includes a communication medium.
[0023]
This installation (transfer / copy) is automatically executed when the information storage unit 7 is set in the musical tone generating apparatus or when the musical tone generating apparatus is turned on, or is installed by an operation by the operator. The The program is a program according to a flowchart to be described later for the controller 2 to perform various processes.
[0024]
Note that another operating system, a system program (OS), and other programs may be stored in advance in the apparatus, and the program may be executed together with these OS and other programs. When this program is installed in the apparatus (computer main body) and executed, it is only necessary to execute the processing / function described in the claims together with another program or alone.
[0025]
Further, a part or all of this program is stored and executed in one or more other devices other than this device, and data to be processed / already processed through communication means between this device and another device. The present invention may be executed as the entire apparatus and the separate apparatus.
[0026]
The program / data storage unit 4 also stores the musical factor information described above, the various data described above, and other various data. These various data include data necessary for time division processing, data for allocation to time division channels, and the like.
[0027]
In the tone signal generator 5, a tone waveform signal MW having a predetermined length is repeatedly generated and outputted from the sound system 6. In accordance with the pitch information, the generation speed of the repetitively generated musical sound waveform signal MW is changed. The waveform shape of the musical tone waveform signal MW that is repeatedly generated is switched according to musical factor information such as the pitch color information. The musical tone signal generator 5 simultaneously generates a plurality of musical tone signals by time division processing and generates polyphonic sounds.
[0028]
From the timing generator 3, a timing control signal for synchronizing all the circuits of the tone generator is output to each circuit. This timing control signal includes a clock signal of each period, a signal obtained by logical product or logical sum of these clock signals, a signal having a period of channel division time of time division processing, channel number data CHNo, time count data TI, etc. including. The time count data TI indicates the absolute time, that is, the passage of time, and the period from the overflow reset of the time count data TI to the next overflow reset is longer than the longest sounding time of each musical tone, and in some cases is several times longer. Is set.
[0029]
2. Component sound table 20
FIG. 2 shows a component sound table 20 in the program / data storage unit 4. The component sound table 20 stores the data of each component sound constituting the tone of each tone color (tone number data TN), and the corresponding component sound data is converted from the tone number data TN and read out. The component sound data includes a plurality of frequency number ratio data FNR, a plurality of envelope data, and level data LE.
[0030]
The frequency number ratio data FNR indicates the ratio of the frequency of each component sound to the fundamental frequency according to the pitch. The specified pitch frequency is multiplied by the frequency number ratio data FNR to obtain the frequency of each component sound. Since the frequency number ratio data FNR of the fundamental frequency is “1”, it may be omitted.
[0031]
The envelope data indicates an envelope for each component sound. Each envelope data is composed of envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET for each envelope phase. Envelope speed data ES indicates a step value of calculation per cycle of envelope digital calculation. The envelope time data ET indicates the envelope calculation time (generation time, sound generation time) for each phase, that is, the number of calculations for each phase of the digital calculation. The amplitude of the envelope waveform calculated from the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET indicates the amount of each component sound (each musical sound) generated.
[0032]
The number of component sounds is plural for one timbre, but may be one in some cases. This component sound is synthesized and output for each musical tone. This composition ratio changes according to the envelope data. If the envelope calculation level based on the envelope data is “0”, the ratio of the component sound is “0”. One channel is assigned to each of the component sounds, the envelopes are individually controlled, synthesized, and output.
[0033]
The level data LE indicates the sustain level of the envelope of each component sound, and this level is achieved in the sustain state of the envelope data. Therefore, the level data LE may be calculated from the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET, or may be omitted.
[0034]
In addition to the sustain level, the level data LE may be the maximum level of the component sound or the attack arrival level. Even in this case, the level data LE may be calculated from the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET, or may be omitted. Further, the level data LE may be a value corresponding to the integral value of the envelope waveform of the component sound. As a result, the level data LE corresponds to the volume energy of the component sound.
[0035]
3. Assignment memory 40
FIG. 3 shows the assignment memory 40 of the tone signal generator 5. In the assignment memory 40, a plurality of channel memory areas (16, 32, 64, etc.) are formed, and data relating to component sounds assigned to the plurality of tone generation channels formed in the tone signal generator 5 is stored. Remembered.
[0036]
Each channel memory area stores frequency number data FN, key number data KN and high release flag HRF of the component sound to which the channel is assigned, the envelope speed data ES, envelope time data ET, and envelope phase data EF. . In some cases, tone number data TN, touch data TC, tone time data TM, part number data PN, the resonance information, on / off data, and the like are also stored.
[0037]
The on / off data indicates whether a musical sound (component sound) to be assigned and sounded is key-on or sounding (“1”), key-off or sound-deadening (“0”). The frequency number data FN indicates the frequency value of the component sound assigned and sounded, converted from the key number data KN, and further multiplied by the frequency number ratio data FNR. The program / data storage unit 4 is provided with a table (decoder) for this conversion.
[0038]
The high release flag HRF indicates that the tone of the channel has been determined to give up the channel to a new tone, and the currently assigned tone is rapidly attenuated. This high release flag HRF is set when channel surrender is determined, and is cleared when the tone becomes level “0” or below a predetermined level.
[0039]
The envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET are as described above. The envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET are rewritten every time a new component sound having the same frequency is assigned to the channel, and the envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET of the envelope obtained by synthesizing the new component sound. Replaced.
[0040]
The envelope phase data EF indicates each part of the envelope before or after the synthesis of (1), (2), and (3) in FIG. The count value from the phase counter 50 is taken in and stored in the assignment memory 40 as the envelope phase data EF.
[0041]
The key number data KN indicates the pitch (frequency) of the musical sound assigned and pronounced, and is determined according to the pitch information. The key number data KN is stored for all component sounds constituting one musical sound, and each time the component sound is assigned to a channel and synthesized, the key number data KN is stored in the assignment memory 40. The key number data KN that is additionally stored in the channel memory area and corresponding to each off event is deleted. The upper data of the key number data KN indicates a tone range or octave, and the lower data indicates a pitch name.
[0042]
Corresponding to each key number data KN, envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET for releasing the envelope of the component sound are stored. If there are a plurality of envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET of this release in one component sound, all of the plurality are stored.
[0043]
The tone number data TN indicates the tone color of the assigned tone to be generated and is determined according to the tone color information. If the tone number data TN is different, the tone color is different, and the tone waveform of the tone is also different. The touch data TC indicates the speed or strength of the sound generation operation, is obtained based on the operation of the step switch, or is determined according to the touch information. The part number data PN indicates each performance area as described above, and is set according to which performance area the musical sound subjected to sound generation is from. The tone time data TM indicates the elapsed time from the key-on event.
[0044]
Each data in each channel memory area is written at an on timing and / or an off timing, and is rewritten or read at each channel timing, and processed by the tone signal generator 5. The assignment memory 40 may be provided in the program / data storage unit 4 or the controller 2 instead of in the musical tone signal generation unit 5.
[0045]
A method of assigning or truncating each musical sound to a plurality of musical sound generating systems for generating a plurality of musical sounds (component sounds) in parallel, that is, a channel formed by the time division processing, is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-442298. No. 1, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-305818, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-312175, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-208917, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-409777, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2-409578 are used.
[0046]
4). Music signal generator 5
FIG. 4 shows the tone signal generator 5. The frequency number data FN and the like of each channel of the assignment memory 40 are sent to the waveform reading unit 41, and the musical sound waveform data MW is read at a speed (pitch) corresponding to the frequency number data FN. The read musical tone waveform data MW is multiplied and synthesized by the envelope data EN by the multiplier 43, and the musical tone waveform data of all the channels is accumulated and synthesized by the accumulator 44 and generated by the sound system 6.
[0047]
This musical sound waveform data MW is only one kind of sine wave. Accordingly, a plurality of sine waves having different frequencies for one musical sound are synthesized with harmonics and output. Therefore, if the amplitude or frequency of each sine wave changes, the waveform of the musical tone to be synthesized also changes and the tone color also changes. The sine wave is not stored in the memory, but may be converted from the tone time data TM or the time count data TI by trigonometric function calculation.
[0048]
The musical sound waveform data MW may be a complex waveform other than a sine wave, or a different waveform may be stored and selected for each tone color, part, pitch (tone range), touch, and sounding time. In this case, tone number data TN, part number data PN, touch data TC, etc. are sent to the waveform reading unit 41, and tone waveform data corresponding to the tone number data TN, part number data PN, touch data TC from the waveform memory 42. MW is selected, and the selected musical sound waveform data MW is read at a speed (pitch) corresponding to the frequency number data FN.
[0049]
The envelope speed data ES of each channel of the assignment memory 40 is sequentially accumulated in a time-division manner by the adder 46 and the envelope calculation memory 48, and the envelope calculation data EN is calculated, and is sent to the multiplier 43 as the envelope data EN. Sent. The envelope calculation memory 48 has an area corresponding to the number of time-division channels, stores envelope calculation data EN for each channel, and calculates an envelope for each channel.
[0050]
The envelope calculation memory 48 is addressed by the channel number data CHNo, and only the designated address is written / read or reset. Each channel area of the envelope calculation memory 48 is individually reset (cleared) by an off event signal and / or an on event signal.
[0051]
The envelope time data ET of each channel of the assignment memory 40 is sequentially “−1” by the selector 47, the envelope time memory 49 and the adder 51, and when it becomes “0”, the phase end signal is detected and output by the NAND gate group 52. Is done. This phase end signal indicates the end of each phase of the envelope.
[0052]
This phase end signal is input to the phase counter 50 and incremented, that is, +1. In this phase counter 50, the phase of the envelope of each channel is counted. The phase counter 50 is provided with a counter corresponding to the number of time-division channels, only the counter designated by the channel number data CHNo is enabled, and only the designated counter is incremented or reset.
[0053]
Only the counter designated by the channel number data CHNo is reset (cleared) by the controller 2 at the time of an on event and an off event. At this time, as described above, the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET are synthesized / rewritten.
[0054]
The envelope phase data EF of the phase counter 50 is sent as address data to the assignment memory 40, and the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET for each phase in each channel are read or written. The assignment memory 40 is addressed by the channel number data CHNo, and only the designated address is written / read and cleared. Each channel area of the assignment memory 40 is individually reset (cleared) by an off event signal and / or an on event signal.
[0055]
The phase end signal is sent to the selector 47, and the envelope time data ET is switched to the envelope time data ET of the next phase. The envelope time memory 49 is addressed by the channel number data CHNo, and only the designated address is written / read or reset. Each channel area of the envelope time memory 49 is individually reset (cleared) by an off event signal (on event signal).
[0056]
The envelope calculation data EN of each channel from the envelope calculation memory 48 is weighted for channel assignment by the multiplier 131 and written to the modified envelope memory 132. The modified envelope memory 132 has an area corresponding to the number of time division channels, and stores modified envelope data MEN for each channel.
[0057]
The weighted and corrected corrected envelope data MEN are compared by the first minimum level detection circuit 141, the second minimum level detection circuit 142, and the third minimum level detection circuit 143. The channel number with the second lowest music level is detected. The detected first minimum channel number 1MCH, second minimum channel number 2MCH, and third minimum channel number 3MCH are stored in the minimum channel memory 134. The minimum channel numbers 1MCH, 2MCH, and 3MCH indicate the priority of channel surrender (truncation).
[0058]
In the first minimum level detection circuit 141, the second minimum level detection circuit 142, and the third minimum level detection circuit 143, a channel having the modified envelope data MEN of “0” is also detected, and this detection data is used as an empty channel flag ECF. Are stored in the minimum channel memory 134 together with the channel numbers 1MCH, 2MCH and 3MCH.
[0059]
The first minimum level detection circuit 141, the second minimum level detection circuit 142, and the third minimum level detection circuit 143 also detect the corrected envelope data MEN of each detected channel, and the detected three minimum corrections. Envelope data 1MEN, 2MEN and 3MEN are also stored in the minimum channel memory 134. The minimum channel memory 134 and the modified envelope memory 132 are written in the first half of one time division channel time and read in the second half.
[0060]
The frequency number data FN of each channel read out from the assignment memory 40 is sent to the weighting memory 133, the weighting data WT is read out and sent to the multiplier 131, and the priority of channel transfer (truncation) is weighted. The In this weighting memory 133, as shown in FIG. 12 (2), each weighting data WT is stored for each frequency number data FN.
[0061]
In this characteristic (2), the weighting in the vicinity of the middle tone per 1000 to 4000 Hz of the musical tone frequency is increased, and the weighting is reduced between the low tone and the high tone. This characteristic (2) is along the human equal loudness curve or the lowest audible curve, and can realize the priority characteristic of channel assignment that matches the human hearing (loudness characteristic, masking characteristic). This can be done only in the present embodiment in which component sounds having the same frequency are synthesized and channel assignment is performed.
[0062]
The minimum audible curve represents the characteristics of the lowest sound intensity (decibel, level) (minimum audible value) that humans can hear, and the equal loudness curve is the same intensity for humans. Represents the characteristics corresponding to the frequency (pitch) of the sound intensity (decibel, level) heard. In the characteristic shown in FIG. 12 (2), since the equal loudness curve or the lowest audible curve is reversed, the numerical value of the middle range is large and the numerical value of the high range and the low range are small.
[0063]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 12A, the weighting data WT is larger as the musical tone frequency is lower, and the priority of channel assignment may be higher in the low tone. Furthermore, in the weighted data WT, on the contrary, the frequency (possibility) of channel surrender (truncation) may be higher in the low tone. Further, the weighting memory 133 and the multiplier 131 are omitted, and the priority of channel assignment may not be weighted according to musical properties. Thereby, the possibility (frequency) of channel truncation increases as the level of the synthesized component sound of each channel decreases.
[0064]
In addition, other musical factor information may be input to the weighting memory 133 instead. For example, the above-described key number data KN, tone number data TN, part number data PN, touch data TC, tone time data TM, resonance degree information, and the like. As a result, the channel assignment priority is modified (decision controlled) in accordance with musical properties such as tone range (pitch), tone color, performance field, touch, sound generation time, and resonance.
[0065]
Thus, for example, the higher the tone number (tone color), touch data, and resonance level, the higher the pitch (range), the part number (MIDI channel number), or the shorter the sounding time, the higher the priority of channel assignment and the truncation. The possibility (frequency) becomes low. A plurality of these data may be added and sent to the weighting memory 133.
[0066]
The music signal generators 5 are provided in a number corresponding to the number of stereo channels (audio channels) forming a sound image. Sound image data is stored in each channel area of each assignment memory 40 of each stereo (audio) channel, and this sound image data is multiplied and synthesized by the tone waveform data or envelope data EN of each channel by a multiplier 43 to form a sound image. The Such a stereo (audio) channel system channel assignment system is shown in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 3-204404 or Japanese Patent Application No. 2-408859.
[0067]
5. Each minimum level detection circuit 141, 142 and 143
FIG. 13 shows the first minimum level detection circuit 141, the second minimum level detection circuit 142, and the third minimum level detection circuit 143. The modified envelope data MEN from the modified envelope memory 132 is given to the comparator 151 of the first minimum level detection circuit 141. The comparator 151 is also supplied with the minimum corrected envelope data MEN that has been detected and stored in the first level latch 171. If the new corrected envelope data MEN is smaller than the minimum corrected envelope data MEN, a detection signal is output from the comparator 151, and this signal is given to the first level latch 171 through the AND gate 152 as a latch signal. The new modified envelope data MEN is stored.
[0068]
The latch signal is also supplied to the first channel number latch 181 to store the channel number related to the new modified envelope data MEN. This channel number is the channel number data CHNo from the timing generator 3. In this way, when the division time for all channels elapses, the number of the channel with the smallest corrected envelope data MEN is stored in the first channel number latch 181 and the value of the smallest corrected envelope data MEN is stored in the first level latch. 171 is stored.
[0069]
Further, each bit of the modified envelope data MEN of each channel is input to the NAND gate group 191. When all bits are "0" and the level of the modified envelope data MEN is "0", the empty channel flag ECF is sent from the NAND gate group 191. Is output and stored in the first flag latch 192. The latch signal is supplied to the first flag latch 192, and the store is performed at the timing.
[0070]
The AND gate 152 is supplied with the clock signal CK0 shown in FIG. 14, and is compared by the comparator 151 in the first half of the division time of one channel, and the first channel number latch 181 and the first level latch 171 in the second half. And stored in the first flag latch 192.
[0071]
As shown in FIG. 14, when the division time for all channels elapses, the sharing signal SY1 is used as a latch signal at the head of the division time for the next all channels, and the second level latch 172, the second channel number latch 182 and Given to the second flag latch 193, the smallest corrected envelope data MEN is transferred from the first level latch 171 to the second level latch 172, the channel number of the first channel number latch 181 is transferred to the second channel number latch 82, The empty channel flag ECF of the first flag latch 192 is transferred to the second flag latch 193 and written to the minimum channel memory 134.
[0072]
The sharing signal SY1 is also supplied to the first level latch 171 and the latch data of the latch 171 is reset to the maximum value “11... 1”. The above-mentioned latches 181, 182, 171, 172, 192 and 193 are R-S type.
[0073]
The channel number data from the second channel number latch 182 of the first minimum level detection circuit 141 is supplied to the coincidence determination circuit 153 of the second minimum level detection circuit 142. The coincidence determination circuit 153 is also given the same channel number as that given to the first channel number latch 181 of the first minimum level detection circuit 141. When the two data coincide with each other, the output signal of the coincidence determination circuit 153 becomes low level, and the AND gate 156 is closed. A comparison result signal from the comparator 154 of the second minimum level detection circuit 142 is supplied to the first channel number latch 183 and the first level latch 173 via the AND gate 156.
[0074]
Accordingly, when the first minimum modified envelope data 1MEN and the first minimum channel number data 1MCH detected by the first minimum level detection circuit 141 are given to the second minimum level detection circuit 141, the storage of this data is prohibited. . As a result, the second minimum level detection circuit 141 detects the second smallest modified envelope data MEN, the channel number, and the empty channel flag ECF. The coincidence determination circuit 153 includes an exclusive OR gate group and an OR gate, and each bit of the two channel number data is given to each exclusive OR gate to determine the difference between the bit data. When they do not match, a high level signal is output via the OR gate.
[0075]
The comparator 154, AND gate 155, first channel number latch 183, second channel number latch 184, first level latch 173, second level latch 174, NAND gate group 194, first flag latch 195 of the second minimum level detection circuit 142. The configuration and operation of the second flag latch 196 include the comparator 151, the AND gate 152, the first channel number latch 181, the second channel number latch 182, the first level latch 171 and the second level of the first minimum level detection circuit 141. This is the same as the latch 172, the NAND gate group 191, the first flag latch 192, and the second flag latch 193.
[0076]
The comparator 159, the AND gate 160, the first channel number latch 185, the second channel number latch 186, the first level latch 175, the second level latch 176, the AND gate 161, and the coincidence determination circuit of the third minimum level detection circuit 143. 157, the NAND gate group 197, the first flag latch 198 and the second flag latch 199 are configured and operated in accordance with the comparator 154, the AND gate 155, the first channel number latch 183, the second channel number latch 185 of the second minimum level detection circuit 142. The first level latch 173, the second level latch 175, the AND gate 156, the coincidence determination circuit 153, the NAND gate group 194, the first flag latch 195, and the second flag latch 196 are the same.
[0077]
The signal from the coincidence determination circuit 153 of the second minimum level detection circuit 142 and the signal from the coincidence determination circuit 157 of the third minimum level detection circuit 143 are supplied to an AND gate 158, and an output signal of the AND gate 158 is obtained. , And provided as an opening signal to the AND gate 161. A comparison result signal from the comparator 159 of the third minimum level detection circuit 143 is supplied to the first channel number latch 185 and the first level latch 175 via the AND gate 161.
[0078]
Accordingly, the first minimum modified envelope data 1MEN detected by the first minimum level detection circuit 141, the second minimum corrected envelope data 2MEN detected by the first minimum channel number 1MCH and the second minimum level detection circuit 142, and the second minimum. When the channel number 2MCH is supplied to the third minimum level detection circuit 143, the setting of these data is prohibited. As a result, the third smallest level detection circuit 143 detects the third smallest third modified envelope data 3MEN, the third smallest channel number 3MCH, and the empty channel flag ECF.
[0079]
Similarly, a fourth minimum level detection circuit, a fifth minimum level detection circuit,... Are provided, and the fourth smallest modified fourth envelope data 4MEN and fourth minimum channel number 4MCH and the empty channel flag ECF are fifth smallest. The fifth minimum modified envelope data 5MEN, the fifth minimum channel number 5MCH, and the empty channel flag ECF,... May be detected.
[0080]
These vacant channel flags ECF indicate that the attenuation of the tone of each detected channel is completed and the level is “0”. Therefore, rapid decay (high release) of the musical sound of this channel is unnecessary, and a new musical sound is immediately assigned.
[0081]
If the musical sound assigned to the channel is muted and the envelope level is “0”, the channel becomes the first minimum channel number 1MCH. If there are a plurality of channels whose envelope level of the assigned musical sound is “0”, the channel that has become “0” first becomes the first minimum channel number 1MCH, and the channel that has subsequently become “0” becomes the second minimum channel number. 2MCH.
[0082]
The minimum corrected envelope data 1MEN, 2MEN, and 3MEN output from the second level latches 172, 174, and 176 are also stored in the minimum channel memory 134. The minimum channel numbers 1MCH, 2MCH, and 3MCH, the empty channel flags ECF, and the minimum corrected envelope data 1MEN, 2MEN, and 3MEN that are detected and stored in the minimum channel memory 134 are sent to the controller (CPU) 2 to be newly added. Used for various channel assignments.
[0083]
The empty channel flag ECF may be detected based on the envelope calculation data EN. In this case, not the corrected envelope data MEN from the corrected envelope memory 132 but the envelope calculation data EN from the envelope calculation memory 48 is sent to the NAND gate groups 191, 194 and 197 of the minimum level detection circuits 141, 142 and 143. .
[0084]
The empty channel flag ECF may be detected when the modified envelope data MEN is not “0” but less than a predetermined value. In this case, only some upper bit groups of the modified envelope data MEN are input to the NAND gate groups 191, 194 and 197.
[0085]
6). Overall processing
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the entire processing executed by the controller (CPU) 2. This entire process is started by turning on the power of the musical tone generating apparatus and is repeatedly executed until the power is turned off.
[0086]
First, various initialization processes such as initialization of the program / data storage unit 4 are performed (step 01), and a sound generation process is performed based on manual performance or automatic performance on the keyboard 11 or the midi interface 15 (step 03). .
[0087]
In this sound generation process, an empty channel is searched, and a musical sound related to an on event is assigned to the searched empty channel. The contents of the musical tone include the performance information (musical tone generation information) from the keyboard 11 or the midi interface 15, musical factor information of the musical tone control information, and musical factors already stored in the program / data storage unit 4 at this time. Determined by information.
[0088]
In this case, “1” on / off data, frequency number data FN, envelope speed data ES, envelope time data EL, “0” envelope phase data EF, etc. are stored in the area of the assignment memory 40 of the searched empty channel. Written. In some cases, tone number data TN, touch data TC, part number data PN, and tone time data TM of “0” are also written.
[0089]
Next, mute (attenuation) processing is performed based on manual performance or automatic performance on the keyboard 11 or the midi interface 15 (step 05). In this silence (attenuation) process, a channel to which a musical sound related to an off event (key-off event, muted event) is assigned is searched, and the musical sound is attenuated and silenced. In this case, the envelope phase of the musical sound related to the key-off event is released, and the envelope level gradually becomes “0”.
[0090]
Further, if there is an operation of various switches of the midi interface 15 or the panel switch group 13, musical factor information corresponding to this switch is taken in and stored in the program / data storage unit 4, and the musical factor information is changed. (Step 06). Thereafter, other processing is executed (step 07), and the processing from step 02 to step 07 is repeated.
[0091]
7. Pronunciation process (step 03)
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the sound generation process in step 03. First, if the high release flag HRF is set in each channel area of the assignment memory 40 (step 51), the empty channel flag ECF is set for the channel number in the minimum channel memory 134 for this channel. (Step 52), the musical tone data such as envelope speed data ES, envelope time data ET, frequency number data FN, etc., of the channel temporarily stored in the program / data storage unit 4 (RAM) are stored in the channel of the assignment memory 40. The area is written (step 53), the high release flag HRF of this channel area is cleared, and the minimum channel number MCH and the minimum corrected envelope data MEN are erased in the same manner as the step 58. Step 54).
[0092]
As a result, when the rapidly attenuated (high-released) musical sound reaches the level “0”, the channel of the musical sound is surrendered and the channel is assigned to the new musical sound. The musical sound data written in step 53 is prepared by a high release process in step 57 described later.
[0093]
When there is an on event (step 11), frequency number ratio data FNR, envelope speed data ES, and envelope time data ET corresponding to the tone number data TN of the musical tone related to the on event are obtained based on the component sound table 20. Read (step 12).
[0094]
Next, the frequency number data FN corresponding to the key number data KN of the musical sound related to the on event is multiplied by the read frequency number ratio data FNR, and the frequency number data FN of each component sound is obtained (step). 13). In this case, if there are a plurality of ON events, frequency number data FN is obtained for each component sound of the plurality of musical sounds.
[0095]
Then, the level data LE of each component sound is read from the component sound table 20 (step 81), the read level data LE is multiplied and corrected by the weighting data WT, and the program / data storage unit 4 (RAM (Step 82). The weighting data WT is stored in the program / data storage unit 4 (ROM) and has the characteristics shown in FIG. Although FIG. 12 shows the weighting data WT stored in the weighting memory 133, the weighting data WT in step 82 is the same. The characteristic (2) is as described in the weighting memory 133 described above.
[0096]
Next, if the frequency number data FN of each component sound already assigned in the assignment memory 40 and the frequency number data FN obtained in the above step 13 match (step 14), this channel The envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET of each phase are rewritten to those of the synthetic envelope, and key number data KN is additionally stored (step 15). In this synthesis envelope, the envelope of this new component sound is added and synthesized to the envelope of the single component sound or the synthesized component sound that has already been assigned to this channel. The envelope synthesis process in step 15 will be described later.
[0097]
In the envelope synthesis process of step 15, if the frequencies of the plurality of component sounds of a plurality of musical sounds to be newly assigned are the same, envelope synthesis is also performed for these component sounds. In step 15 envelope synthesis, the level data LE of the component sounds to be synthesized are also added (calculated) to each other.
[0098]
In the case where there are a plurality of musical sounds to be newly assigned in the future, for example, when sound generation operations are performed at the same time and an on event is generated at the same time, or when performance information is simultaneously read out in automatic performance .
[0099]
If the frequency number data FN of each component sound already assigned does not match the obtained frequency number data FN (step 14), an empty channel is searched (step 16). The number of the empty channel is the first minimum channel number 1MCH stored in the minimum channel memory 134.
[0100]
Then, the data MLE having the largest value or the lowest tone data MLE among the respective modification level data MLE subjected to multiplication modification in the above step 82 is compared with the first minimum modified envelope data 1MEN stored in the minimum channel memory 134. (Step 83) If the first minimum modified envelope data 1MEN is smaller (Step 84) and an empty channel flag ECF is added to the first minimum channel number 1MCH (Step 56), the first minimum channel number The frequency number data FN, key number data KN, envelope speed data ES, and envelope time data ET of the component sound are written in the area of the 1MCH assignment memory 40, and the corresponding channel count of the phase counter 50 is counted. There is cleared (step 17).
[0101]
In this way, a channel in which a component sound has already been assigned and the level of this component sound has been reduced can be handed over to the component sound having the highest level.
[0102]
Then, the first minimum channel number 1MCH and the first minimum modified envelope data 1MEN of the allocated channel are erased from the minimum channel memory 134 (step 58), and the modified level data MLE in the program / data storage unit 4 (RAM). Is also deleted (step 86), and the above envelope synthesis processing or channel assignment processing is repeated for other component sounds (step 18), and other processing is performed (step 19).
[0103]
In this way, component sounds having a low level assigned to the channel are sequentially deleted, component sounds having a high level are sequentially assigned to the channel, and the small component sound and the large component sound are sequentially switched.
[0104]
Furthermore, even if all the component sounds of all channels are replaced with new component sounds, or if all channels are free and new component sounds are assigned to all channels, new component sounds may still remain. In this case, since the new component sound is assigned from the one having the larger correction level data MLE, the remaining component sound is only the one having the smaller correction level data MLE, and there is no problem in the sound feeling.
[0105]
If the first minimum correction envelope data 1MEN is larger in step 84, the correction level data MLE is erased without performing the channel transfer processing in steps 56, 17, 58, 57 (step 84). 86). Thus, even a new component sound based on a new pronunciation instruction cannot be assigned to a channel if the level is low.
[0106]
In this way, when assigning component sounds to channels, channels can be assigned to the selected component sounds by determining the size of each component sound. Moreover, each component sound is weighted (step 82), and this weighting depends on the characteristics of human hearing (loudness characteristics, masking characteristics), and as a result, the priority characteristic of channel assignment that matches human hearing can be realized. This can be done only in the present embodiment in which component sounds having the same frequency are synthesized and channel assignment is performed.
[0107]
Furthermore, if the empty channel flag ECF is not added to the first minimum channel number 1MCH (step 56) and the most attenuated component sound has not yet reached the level “0”, the component sound of the channel is not A high release process that is rapidly attenuated is executed (step 57). After this high release process, a new component sound is assigned to the channel (steps 51 to 54).
[0108]
If the first minimum channel number 1MCH has already been deleted (step 58) in the search for the empty channel in step 16 and the comparison with the first minimum correction envelope data 1MEN in steps 83 and 84, the second minimum correction is performed. Contrast with the envelope data 2MEN (steps 83 and 84), a new component sound is assigned to the channel corresponding to the second minimum channel number 2MCH (step 17), and the second minimum channel number 2MCH in the modified envelope memory 132 is erased. (Step 58).
[0109]
If the first minimum channel number 1MCH and the second minimum channel number 2MCH have already been deleted (step 58), they are compared with the third minimum modified envelope data 3MEN (steps 83, 84), and the third minimum channel number A new component sound is assigned to a channel corresponding to 3MCH (step 17), and the third minimum channel number 3MCH in the modified envelope memory 132 is deleted (step 58). Similarly, the fourth minimum channel number 4MCH, the fifth minimum channel number 5MCH,... Can be similarly processed.
[0110]
Further, in step 56, even if the empty channel flag ECF is added to the minimum channel number MCH, if the high release flag HRF is stored in the corresponding channel area of the assignment 40, the channel assignment in step 17 is performed. No processing is performed. This is because the component sound of the channel is being rapidly attenuated and the component sound to be assigned next is reserved. In this case, the process returns to step 16 again.
[0111]
Further, the deletion of the minimum channel number MCH in step 58 may be executed after the high release process in step 57. In this case, the same channel number is listed again in the minimum level detection circuits 141, 142, and 143, and after the high release, the channel assignment process in steps 51 to 54 is executed.
[0112]
8). Example of channel truncation
FIG. 15 shows an example of assignment and truncation of time division channels. The total number of channels is “15”, and component sounds having the frequencies shown in FIG. 15A are assigned to 13 of these channels, and two channels are vacant. The component sound of each frequency is at the level shown in FIG. 15 (1) and changes every moment.
[0113]
Here, if there is a key-on event of a musical tone having the component sound shown in FIG. 15 (2), the frequency and level of the musical component sound are as shown in FIG. 15 (2), and channel assignment to the four component sounds is performed. Necessary.
[0114]
If no channel assignment is made to the component sounds having the same frequency as the four component sounds (steps 14 and 18), the component sounds are assigned to the two vacant channels (steps 16, 17, and 58). The remaining two component sounds are assigned to the two lowest channel numbers having low levels (steps 18, 14, 16, 17, 58).
[0115]
Thus, as shown in FIG. 15 (3), the two low-level component sounds are deleted, and the channel is handed over (truncated) to the new component sound. Note that the component sound of the musical sound related to the new key-on is in an attack state, and the level is still low and will increase from now on. Unlike FIG. It may be greater than the level of the component sound that is pronounced and pronounced.
[0116]
9. Example of contrast of each component sound
FIG. 18 shows an example in which channels are assigned in descending order of the correction levels of the component sounds in steps 83 and 84 described above. Three musical sounds shown in FIGS. 18 (1), (2), and (3) are assigned to channels. 18 (1), (2) and (3) show the level and frequency of each component sound.
[0117]
Note that one of FIGS. 18 (1), 18 (2) and 18 (3) may indicate the frequency and level of each component sound of one or a plurality of musical sounds already assigned to the channel. Further, only one musical tone to be assigned to the channel shown in FIGS. 18 (1), (2), and (3) from now on may be provided, and the number of component sounds may exceed “16”.
[0118]
The number of component sounds in FIG. 18 (1) is twelve, and the number of component sounds in FIGS. 18 (2) and 18 (3) is six. Among these, if there are four component sounds having the same frequency, these component sounds are synthesized, and the level data LE of these component sounds are also added (calculated) and synthesized (step 15).
[0119]
When these are synthesized, the frequency spectrum characteristics shown in FIG. 18 (4) are obtained, and the number of component sounds is 20 (step 81). When the total number of channels is 16, four component sounds are deleted. The 20 component sound level data LE are multiplied and synthesized by weighting data WT corresponding to the human loudness characteristic shown in FIG. 18 (5), and 20 modified level data MLE are obtained (step 82). In this case, the level data LE of component sounds having the same frequency has already been added (calculated) and synthesized.
[0120]
Of these, the four component sounds having smaller magnitudes (values) are left behind and cannot be assigned to the channels, or are deleted (step 86), and the 16 component sounds shown in FIG. 18 (6) are assigned to the channels. (Steps 56, 17, 58, 57, 86, 51-54). When the component sounds shown in FIG. 18 (6) are synthesized, a musical sound waveform shown in FIG. 18 (7) is obtained. This synthesis is performed by the accumulator 44.
[0121]
Thus, even a new component sound based on a new on-event (pronunciation instruction) cannot be assigned to a channel from the beginning if the volume is small. In addition, the channel to which the small component sound is assigned can be transferred to the large musical sound for effective use of the channel. In this way, a component sound having a large overall size can be preferentially assigned to a channel, and a good sound feeling can be realized.
[0122]
The frequency of each component sound changes according to the designated pitch, and the weighting data WT also changes depending on the frequency of the component sound. Therefore, the priority of channel assignment of each component sound or the possibility of surrendering also changes depending on the designated pitch.
[0123]
The weighting data WT, the level data LE or the modification level data MLE may be substituted with the musical factor information. For example, the above-described key number data KN, tone number data TN, part number data PN, touch data TC, tone time data TM, resonance degree information, and the like. As a result, the channel assignment priority is modified (decision controlled) in accordance with musical properties such as tone range (pitch), tone color, performance field, touch, sound generation time, and resonance.
[0124]
Thus, for example, the higher the tone number (tone color), touch data, and resonance level, the higher the pitch (range), the part number (MIDI channel number), or the shorter the sounding time, the higher the priority of channel assignment and the truncation. The possibility (frequency) becomes low. A plurality of these data may be added to create the weighted data WT, level data LE or modified level data MLE and may be multiplied and synthesized in step 82.
[0125]
Such channel assignment (truncation) processing is executed for each stereo (audio) channel forming a sound image. The component sound of each stereo (audio) channel is multiplied by sound image data, and further multiplied by weighting data WT (step 82), and the above step channel assignment (delivery) is performed (steps 56, 17, 58, 57, 86, 51-54). Therefore, the same component sound is not necessarily produced through all stereo (audio) channels, and may be assigned to some stereo (audio) channels and produced.
[0126]
The weighting data WT multiplied in step 82 is exactly the same as the weighting data WT stored in the weighting memory 133. Thereby, the component sound that has already been assigned to the channel and the component sound to be assigned to the channel in the future can be assigned to the channel with the same priority. Of course, the contents of the weighting data WT may be different. Thereby, the priority of the channel assignment of the component sound already assigned to the channel can be increased, or the priority of the channel assignment of the component sound assigned to the channel can be increased.
[0127]
10. Envelope synthesis process (step 15)
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the envelope synthesis process of step 15 above. First, the phase count value of the channel of the phase counter 50 and the remaining envelope time data ET of the channel of the envelope time memory 49 are read by the controller 2 (step 21). The envelope time data ET is sequentially accumulated, and the absolute time from the current time point to the end of each phase of the component sound a is obtained (step 22).
[0128]
In the example of FIG. 8, the component sound a starts to sound (timing Ta0), the component sound b starts to sound (timing Tb0), and then the attack phase of the component sound a ends (timing Ta1). The decay of component sound b ends (timing Tb1), the sustain of component sound a ends (timing Ta3), and the decay of component sound b ends (timing Tb2). The release of the component sound a ends (timing Ta4), the sustain of the component sound b ends (timing Tb3), and the release of the component sound b ends (timing Tb4).
[0129]
In this case, the remaining envelope time data ET is (Ta1-Tb0), and the accumulated values of the remaining phase envelope time data ET are (Ta2-Tb0), (Ta3-Tb0), and (Ta4-Tb0). . Each envelope time data ET of each phase indicates the time between these timings Ta0, Ta1, Ta2, Ta3, Ta4. Therefore, when the envelope time data ET of the remaining phase is accumulated, the time from the start of the sound generation of the component sound b to each timing Ta1, Ta2, Ta3, Ta4 is obtained.
[0130]
In the obtained absolute times (Ta2-Tb0), (Ta3-Tb0), (Ta4-Tb0), the envelope speed data ES of the component sound a of the phase immediately before each timing and the flag a indicating the component sound a ("1") is also stored in association (step 23).
[0131]
Next, in the same way for the component sound b, the envelope time data ET of the remaining phases are sequentially accumulated in the remaining envelope time data ET, and the absolute time from the current time point to the end of each phase of the component sound b is obtained ( Step 24). This absolute time is similarly (Tb1-Tb0), (Tb2-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), (Tb4-Tb0). The obtained absolute times (Tb1-Tb0), (Tb2-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), (Tb4-Tb0) include the envelope speed data ES and component of the component sound b of the phase immediately before each timing. A flag b (“0”) indicating the sound b is also stored in association (step 25).
[0132]
The timings Ta3 and Tb3 are both off operation timings, and the timings Ta4 and Tb4 are both shifted by the off operation timing. Therefore, the absolute times (Ta3-Tb0), (Ta4-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), and (Tb4-Tb0) are not obtained here. However, it is obtained when the shape of the envelope is not changed by the off operation. The absolute times (Ta3-Tb0), (Ta4-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), and (Tb4-Tb0) are obtained during the silencing process as will be described later. Therefore, for the end of the sustain of each component sound, the absolute time is the maximum value that can be taken, and the envelope speed data ES is “0”.
[0133]
However, when the component sound a is in the release and the component sound b starts to sound, the absolute time (Ta4-Tb0) is obtained. This is because the component sound a has already been turned off, and the release end timing is clear.
[0134]
The absolute times (Ta2-Tb0), (Ta3-Tb0), (Ta4-Tb0), (Tb1-Tb0), (Tb2-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), Tb4−Tb0) are arranged in descending order, and the associated envelope speed data ES is similarly rearranged (step 26). Thereby, each timing as shown in FIG. 8 (3) is sorted in order.
[0135]
FIG. 9 (1) shows the absolute time, envelope speed data ES and component sound flags sorted in this way. This data content corresponds to the composite envelope waveform shown in FIG.
[0136]
Then, from each absolute time (Ta2-Tb0), (Ta3-Tb0), (Ta4-Tb0), (Tb1-Tb0), (Tb2-Tb0), (Tb3-Tb0), (Tb4-Tb0), 1 The previous absolute time is subtracted (step 27). As a result, synthetic envelope time data ETs of a new phase between timings of the synthetic envelope waveform of FIG. 8 (3) is obtained as shown in the left column of FIG. 9 (2). It should be noted that the head (Ta2-Tb0) of the absolute time is copied as it is in the head synthetic envelope time data ETs.
[0137]
Further, the envelope speed data ES corresponding to each absolute time is added and synthesized with the envelope speed data ES of the absolute time earlier and having a flag different from the component sound flags a and b of its own ( Step 28). As a result, the envelope speed ES of the component sound a and the envelope speed ES of the component sound b are added and synthesized for each phase of FIG. 8 (3), and a new value is obtained between the timings of the synthesized envelope waveform of FIG. 8 (3). As shown in the right column of FIG. 9 (2), the composite envelope speed data ESs of the correct phase is obtained.
[0138]
The composite envelope time data ETs and composite envelope speed data ESs of each phase of the composite envelope waveform thus determined are written in the corresponding channel area of the assignment memory 40, and the counter of the corresponding channel of the phase counter 50 Cleared (step 29). As a result, generation of a synthetic envelope is started. In this case, the portion after the time of the synthetic envelope on event (or off event described later) is stored in the assignment memory 40 and generated.
[0139]
Thus, the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET of the component sound a are rewritten every time a new component sound b having the same frequency is assigned to the channel, and the combined envelope speed of the envelope obtained by synthesizing the new component sound b. It is replaced with data ESs and synthetic envelope time data ETs.
[0140]
Therefore, the generation amounts of the musical sounds having the same frequency are synthesized and assigned to one channel collectively. In addition, the envelope waveform of each musical sound of the same frequency is synthesized and output as one musical sound.
[0141]
The envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET after the release of the component sound a are stored in the assignment memory 40 corresponding to the key number data KN of the component sound a, and the envelope speed data after the release of the component sound b. ES and envelope time data ET are also stored in the assignment memory 40 corresponding to the key number data KN of the component sound b (step 30). The envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET after this release are subjected to envelope synthesis processing after the off event.
[0142]
11. Silence processing (step 05)
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of the silencing process in step 05. First, when there is an off event (step 31), the channel of the assignment memory 40 in which the same key number data KN as the key number data KN related to the off event is stored is searched (step 32).
[0143]
When the corresponding channel is found (step 33), the same processing as the envelope synthesis processing of step 15 described above is executed (step 34), and the envelope speed data ES and envelope time corresponding to this key number data KN are executed. Data ET is erased from the channel area (step 35). The envelope synthesis process by the above off event is repeated for other component sounds (step 36), and other processes are performed (step 37).
[0144]
In the envelope synthesizing process of step 34, the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET after the release stored corresponding to the key number data KN are read, and the same envelope synthesizing process is executed. However, in this case, since the envelope speed data ES of this release is a negative value, it is subtracted substantially. The same applies to Decay. In the envelope synthesizing process in step 34, the setting process of the envelope speed data ES and the envelope time data ET released in step 30 is not performed.
[0145]
Thus, even in the event of an off event, the composite envelope speed data ESs and the composite envelope time data ETs of the composite component sound a + b are rewritten, and the envelope envelope synthetic data speed ESs and composite envelope time data ETs considering this new release are rewritten. Replaced.
[0146]
Therefore, even in the case of an off event, the generation amounts of the musical sounds having the same frequency are synthesized and assigned to one channel collectively. In addition, the envelope waveform of each musical sound of the same frequency is synthesized and output as one musical sound.
[0147]
12 High release processing (step 57)
FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the high release process in step 57 described above. The envelope calculation data EN of the channel is fetched from the EN calculation memory 48 (step 61), and the shortest time ETr until the envelope becomes “0”, that is, the high release envelope time ETr is obtained by the following calculation (step 62). .
[0148]
ETr = (ET / ESmin)
Here, ET is the current envelope calculation data EN, and ESmin is the minimum envelope speed data that can be obtained, and realizes attenuation of the maximum inclination.
[0149]
Next, the minimum envelope speed data ESmin and the high release envelope time ETr are written in the channel area of the assignment memory 40 (step 63), and the high release flag HRF is also written (step 64), and other envelopes are written. The speed data ES, envelope time data ET, and envelope phase data EF are erased (step 65). As a result, as indicated by “ESmin” in FIG. 17, the envelope speed of the musical sound (component sound) to which the channel is transferred is switched from ESn to ESmin, and the musical sound (component sound) is rapidly attenuated. At this time, the subsequent musical sound (component sound) does not start to sound even if there is a key-on.
[0150]
Then, in order to recover the delay of the high release envelope time ETr, the maximum envelope speed data ESmax and the high attack envelope time data ETa catching up by this are obtained by the following calculation (step 71).
[0151]
ETa = (ES1 × ETr) / (ESmax−ES1)
Here, ETr is the envelope time of the above high release, ES1 is the envelope speed of the attack of this new musical sound (component sound), ESmax is the maximum envelope speed data that can be taken, realizing the attack of the maximum slope To do.
[0152]
Next, the maximum envelope speed data ESmax and the high attack envelope time ETa are temporarily written in the program / data storage unit 4 (RAM) (step 72). Thereby, data of the envelope portion of the high attack indicated by “ESmax” in FIG. 17 is created.
[0153]
The envelope speed data ES1 and the envelope time (ET1-ETr-ETa) are temporarily written in the program / data storage unit 4 (RAM) (step 73). Thereby, the data of the remaining attack envelope part of the new component sound of FIG. 17 is created.
[0154]
Subsequently, the subsequent envelope speed data ES and envelope time data ET are similarly written (step 74), the frequency number data FN obtained in step 13 is also written (step 75), and the channel number CHNo. Are also written in the same manner (step 76). This channel number CHNo is used for checking the correspondence of the channel in the writing in step 53 above.
[0155]
In this way, corrected envelope speed data and envelope time data of the new component sound are created and temporarily stored. The temporarily stored envelope data is written into the assignment memory 40 in step 53 described above.
[0156]
The two envelope speed data and the two envelope time data obtained in steps 72 and 73 can be substituted by the following one envelope speed data and one envelope time data.
[0157]
ES = ES1 × ET1 / (ET1-ETr)
ET = ET1-ETr
Here, ET1 is the envelope time of the attack of the new musical sound (component sound), ES1 is the envelope speed of the attack of the new musical sound (component sound), and ETr is the envelope time of the high release. Thereby, the attack of a new component sound will be in the state shown by the dotted line in FIG.
[0158]
13. Tone time data TM and simultaneous pronunciation number processing
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of interrupt processing executed by the controller 2 at regular intervals. In this process, the tone time data TM is incremented and the number of simultaneous sounds is counted.
[0159]
In this processing, for each channel area of the assignment memory 40 (steps 41, 46, 47), the tone time data TM of the on / off data “1” and the tone being generated (step 43) is displayed. "+1" is set (step 44).
[0160]
Similarly, for each channel area of the assignment memory 40 (steps 41, 46, 47), after the simultaneous sound number data is once cleared (step 42), the on / off data is “1” and the tone is being generated. Things are counted (step 43), and the number of simultaneous sounds is sequentially incremented by "+1" (step 45). The counted number of simultaneous pronunciations is stored in the program / data storage unit 4.
[0161]
Then, other periodic processing is performed (step 48). Thus, the elapsed sound generation time of each channel's tone is counted and stored and used as the tone generation time information, and the number of tone sounds that are currently being generated on all channels is counted and stored and used as the simultaneous tone number information. .
[0162]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the musical sound waveform data MW stored in the waveform memory 42 may be a complex waveform other than a sine wave, or different waveforms are stored and selected for each tone color, pitch (tone range), touch, part, and sound generation time. Also good. Such a complex waveform is read out and output as a musical sound waveform of each component sound.
[0163]
The musical sound assigned to each channel may be one independent musical sound other than the component sounds. In this case, the waveforms of musical sounds assigned to the same channel have the same waveform shape and the same pitch (frequency). Even in such a case, synthesis of the envelope or generation amount can be performed in the same manner.
[0164]
Furthermore, the amplitude of the musical sound waveform data MW other than the envelope may be synthesized. In this case, what is synthesized in steps 15 and 34 is an amplitude determining factor such as touch data TC. Then, the touch data TC of each channel in the assignment memory 40 is added for each of the on event and the off event, and the added touch data TC is sent from the assignment memory 40 to the multiplier 43 to generate a musical sound. The waveform data MW is multiplied. The added touch data TC may be multiplied by each envelope speed data ES of the channel. Using the multiplied envelope speed data ES, the envelope synthesis in steps 15 and 34 is performed.
[0165]
Further, although the above channels are formed by time division processing, the same number of tone signal generators 5 as that of the channels are provided, and tone waveform data MW of each tone signal generators 5 to 5 is added and synthesized by an adder. Good.
[0166]
Further, the envelope data may be substituted by envelope speed data ES and envelope level data EL, or envelope level data EL and envelope time data ET. In this case, the difference between the two adjacent envelope level data EL is divided by the envelope speed data ES to obtain the envelope time data ET. Also, the difference between two adjacent envelope level data EL is divided by the envelope time data ET to obtain the envelope speed data ES.
[0167]
In the channel truncation, the weight data WT of the component sound whose attack state or envelope speed data is positive may be significantly increased. In this case, the envelope phase data EF read from the assignment memory 40 is converted by the weighting memory 133. If the envelope phase data EF is less than a predetermined value, the envelope phase data EF is converted to a larger value and sent to the multiplier 131. If the envelope phase data EF exceeds a predetermined value, it is converted to a small value and sent to the multiplier 131. As a result, the channel assignment priority is changed and corrected (decision controlled) according to the musical nature of the envelope phase.
[0168]
Further, in the above-mentioned channel truncation, a channel having a component sound of a certain level or higher need not be left over. In this case, the modified envelope data MEN of the channel corresponding to each minimum channel number MCH is read from the modified envelope memory 132 in the above step 16, and if it is less than a predetermined level, the channel truncation in steps 17 and 58 is executed. As a result, the channel assignment priority is changed and corrected (decision controlled) according to the musical properties of the musical sound level.
[0169]
The channel truncation may be less likely to be truncated (truncated) as the number of component sounds synthesized and assigned to one channel increases. In this case, after step 13 or after step 16, the weight data WT determined by the number of key number data KN stored in each channel area of the assignment memory 40 is multiplied by each modified envelope data MEN. .
[0170]
This weighting data is, for example, “0.7” if the number of key number data KN per channel is “1”, “0.8” if “2”, “0.9” if “3”. If it is “4” or more, it is “1.0”. Based on the modified envelope data MEN modified by the weighted data WT, the component sound having a low level in the first minimum level detection circuit 141, the second minimum level detection circuit 142, the third minimum level detection circuit 143,. The channel number related to is searched. As a result, the channel assignment priority is modified (decision controlled) by the musical property of the number of component sounds assigned to each time division channel.
[0171]
Furthermore, although the frequency of the newly assigned musical tone is different from the frequency of the musical tone that is rapidly attenuated and leaves the channel, it may be the same. In this case, the processes of steps 14 and 15 are omitted. Thereby, the component sounds of the same frequency are not envelope-synthesized, and after the previous component sound is rapidly attenuated, the channel is passed to the new component sound of the same frequency, and the attack is started.
[0172]
In addition, the present invention can be implemented in an electronic musical instrument or a computer. The functions of the circuits shown in the drawings may be implemented by software (flow chart), and the functions of the flowcharts shown in the drawings may be implemented by hardware (circuit). The invention described in each claim can also be realized as a medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to execute the invention, a communication apparatus (method) of a computer program, a musical sound generation apparatus (method), and a musical sound control apparatus (method). .
[0173]
Embodiments of the present invention are as follows. [1] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are assigned, a musical tone having the same frequency is determined from the plurality of musical sounds generated simultaneously, and the generated amount of the musical sound having the same frequency is determined. An apparatus for assigning musical sound channels, which is synthesized and assigned to one channel at a time.
[0174]
[2] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are assigned, a musical tone having the same frequency among the plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time is determined, and the generated amount of the musical sound having the determined same frequency is determined. A method for assigning musical sound channels, comprising synthesizing and assigning them to one channel at a time.
[0175]
[3] A musical tone having the same frequency is discriminated from among a plurality of musical tones generated at the same time, and an envelope waveform of each musical tone having the discriminated frequency is synthesized and output as one musical tone. Envelope control device.
[0176]
[4] Of a plurality of musical tones generated simultaneously, a musical tone having the same frequency is discriminated, and an envelope waveform of each musical tone having the discriminated same frequency is synthesized and output as one musical tone. Envelope control method.
[0177]
[5] The plurality of musical sounds generated simultaneously are component sounds constituting one musical sound, and the plurality of musical sounds generated simultaneously are musical sounds of the same waveform or different waveforms, and new musical sounds are generated. When the musical sound being generated or when the generated musical sound is extinguished, for each envelope generation amount of the same frequency of this musical sound or the component sound of this musical tone, one of the envelope levels, envelope time and envelope speed of the combined envelope generation amount The two are calculated, and based on any two of the calculated envelope level, envelope time and envelope speed, a musical sound having the above frequency or a synthetic envelope of component sounds of this musical sound is generated in one channel. The channel assignment apparatus for musical sound according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, Channel allocation method of the sound, envelope controller or envelope control method of a musical tone of a tone.
[0178]
[6] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are respectively assigned, means for determining a musical tone having the same frequency among the plurality of musical sounds generated simultaneously, and generation of the determined musical sound having the same frequency Based on the determined priority, means for determining the priority of channel surrender for each tone assigned to each channel in this way, And a means for assigning a new musical sound to the channel.
[0179]
[7] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are assigned, a musical sound having the same frequency is identified from among the plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time. Combining them and assigning them to one channel at a time. For each tone assigned to each channel in this way, the priority for channel surrender is determined, and a channel is selected based on this determined priority. And assigning a new musical sound to this channel.
[0180]
[8] The plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time are component sounds constituting one musical sound. The component sounds of the same frequency are determined for each component sound of the plurality of musical sounds, and each component sound is determined for each same frequency The multiple musical tones that are generated at the same time are the same or different musical tones, and the priority for channel surrender is the level of the musical tone assigned to each channel, 8. The musical sound channel allocating apparatus according to claim 6 or the musical sound channel allocating method according to claim 7, wherein the musical sound channel allocating apparatus is determined based on musical characteristics, human equal loudness characteristics, or human minimum audible characteristics.
[0181]
[9] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are respectively assigned, means for determining a musical tone having the same frequency among the plurality of musical sounds generated simultaneously, and generation of the determined musical sound having the same frequency A means of combining the amounts and assigning them to one channel at a time, and selecting one channel from the plurality of channels to which the musical sounds are assigned in this way, and rapidly attenuating the musical sounds assigned to the channels And a means for assigning a new musical sound to the channel when this rapid attenuation is achieved.
[0182]
[10] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are assigned, a musical tone having the same frequency among the plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time is determined, and the generated amount of the musical sound having the determined same frequency is determined. Synthesizing and assigning to one channel at a time, selecting one channel from the plurality of channels to which the musical sound is assigned in this way, rapidly attenuating the musical sound assigned to this channel, A method for assigning a musical sound channel, characterized by causing a new musical sound to be assigned to the channel when rapid attenuation is achieved.
[0183]
[11] The plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time are component sounds constituting one musical sound, and the frequencies of the component sounds are different from each other. The component sounds of the same frequency are discriminated for each component sound of a plurality of musical sounds, and each component sound is synthesized for each same frequency and assigned to each channel. The channel to be selected is selected based on the determined channel transfer priority, and the channel transfer priority is determined by the level of the tone assigned to each channel and the tone of the corresponding tone. Determined based on musical properties, human iso-loudness characteristics or human minimum audible characteristics, and rapid decay When the speed of the envelope change of the musical sound is increased and the rapid decay is achieved, the musical sound level is “0” or less than a predetermined value. 3. The musical sound channel allocating apparatus according to claim 1 or the musical sound channel allocating method according to claim 2, wherein the frequency and the frequency of the musical sound that is attenuated rapidly and that passes through the channel are different or the same.
[0184]
[12] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are respectively assigned, means for determining a musical tone having the same frequency among the plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time, and generation of a musical sound having the determined same frequency A means for synthesizing the amounts and assigning them to one channel at a time, and means for assigning channels to the musical sounds selected based on the results of the judgment by determining the magnitude of each musical sound when assigning musical sounds to these channels. A musical sound channel assignment device characterized by that.
[13] For a plurality of channels to which a plurality of simultaneously generated musical sounds are assigned, a musical tone having the same frequency is determined from among the plurality of musical sounds generated simultaneously, and the generated amount of the musical sound having the same frequency is determined. A musical tone characterized by synthesizing and assigning them to one channel at a time, assigning musical sounds to these channels, determining the size of each musical tone, and assigning the channel to the musical tone selected based on this discrimination result Channel assignment method.
[14] The plurality of musical sounds generated at the same time are a plurality of component sounds constituting one musical sound, and the frequencies of the component sounds are different from each other. The component sound of the same frequency is discriminated for each component sound of the plurality of musical sounds, and each component sound is synthesized for each same frequency and assigned to each channel. One or more musical tones assigned to or one or more musical tones already assigned to the channel and one or more musical tones assigned to the channel from now on. The musical sound assigned to the channel is the magnitude of the musical sound at the time of the discrimination, and from now on the channel The musical sound assigned to is the integral value, maximum level, attack arrival level or sustain level of the envelope waveform of the musical sound, and the size of each musical sound to be determined is corrected by the frequency of the musical sound, This correction depends on the human equal loudness characteristic or human minimum audible characteristic, and based on the result of the above-mentioned musical sound loudness determination, the channel to which the musical sound has already been assigned is handed over to other musical sounds or a new pronunciation. 2. The channel of musical sound according to claim 1, wherein a channel is not allocated even for a new musical sound based on an instruction, and the channel allocation control is executed for each of a plurality of audio channels or stereo channels forming a sound image. 3. A sound channel allocating method according to claim 2 or an allocating device.
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the present invention discriminates musical tones having the same frequency among a plurality of musical tones generated at the same time, synthesizes the generated amounts of musical tones having the same frequency, and combines them into one channel. When assigning musical sounds to these channels, the size of each musical sound is discriminated, and a channel is assigned to the musical sound selected based on the discrimination result.
[0185]
Therefore, it is possible to effectively use channels by not assigning channels to small musical sounds from the beginning, or by passing channels to which small musical sounds are assigned to large musical sounds. In addition, there is an effect that a large musical sound can be preferentially assigned to a channel to realize a good pitch.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an entire circuit of a musical tone control device.
FIG. 2 shows a component sound table 20;
FIG. 3 shows an assignment memory 40;
FIG. 4 shows a tone signal generator 5;
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the entire process.
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of sound generation processing (step 03).
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an envelope synthesis process (step 15).
FIG. 8 shows an example of an envelope synthesis waveform of component sound a and component sound b having the same frequency.
FIG. 9 shows an example of envelope synthesis data of component sound a and component sound b having the same frequency.
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a mute process (step 05).
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of interrupt processing.
12 shows the contents of weighting data WT stored in weighting memory 133. FIG.
13 is a circuit diagram of a first minimum level detection circuit 141, a second minimum level detection circuit 142, and a third minimum level detection circuit 143. FIG.
14 shows a time chart of signals at various parts of the circuit of FIG.
FIG. 15 shows an example of truncation of each time division channel to which component sounds are assigned.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart of high release processing (step 57).
FIG. 17 shows an envelope change at the time of high release.
FIG. 18 shows an example in which channels are assigned in descending order of the correction level of each component sound.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 ... Controller (CPU), 3 ... Timing generation unit, 4 ... Program / data storage unit, 5 ... Music signal generation unit, 6 ... Sound system, 7 ... Information storage unit, 11 ... Keyboard, 13 ... Panel switch group, 15 ... Midi interface, 20 ... Component sound table, 40 ... Assignment memory, 41 ... Waveform readout unit, 42 ... Waveform memory, 47 ... Selector, 48 ... Envelope calculation memory, 49 ... Envelope time memory, 50 ... Phase counter, 46, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 51 ... Adder, 52 ... NAND gate group, 131 ... Multiplier, 132 ... Modified envelope memory, 133 ... Weighting memory, 134 ... Minimum channel memory, 141 ... First minimum level detection circuit, 142 ... Second minimum level detection circuit, 143: Third minimum level detection circuit.

Claims (7)

CPU to music device,
A tone is a tone containing component tones of a plurality of frequency components, to determine the component tones of the same frequency that is present over the plurality of musical tones to be generated at the same time,
The generation amount of each component sound of the same frequency over the plurality of determined musical sounds is synthesized and assigned to one channel collectively, and this channel is assigned to a plurality of musical sound channels formed by time division processing. A method,
In newly assigning each component sound to each of these channels, the level of each new component sound is corrected by the value of the frequency of the component sound, and this correction increases the level from 1000 Hz to around 4000 Hz. A method for assigning musical sound channels, wherein the levels of the component sounds thus corrected are compared with each other , and a component sound having a high level selected based on the comparison result is newly assigned to a channel. A tone is a tone containing component tones of a plurality of frequency components, means for determining the component tones of the same frequency that is present over the plurality of musical tones to be generated at the same time,
Means for synthesizing the generated amounts of the component sounds of the same frequency over a plurality of discriminated musical sounds and allocating them to a single channel, and a channel assignment device for musical tones formed in plural by time division processing. Because
In newly assigning each component sound to each of these channels, the level of each new component sound is corrected by the value of the frequency of the component sound, and this correction increases the level from 1000 Hz to around 4000 Hz. There, in contrast to the level of the modified components tones each other, channel allocation apparatus of a tone, characterized in that it comprises a means for assigning a new channel a large component sound level picked on the basis of this comparison result . CPU to music device,
A tone is a tone containing component tones of a plurality of frequency components, to determine the component tones of the same frequency that is present over the plurality of musical tones to be generated at the same time,
The generation amount of each component sound of the same frequency over the plurality of determined musical sounds is synthesized and assigned to one channel collectively, and this channel is assigned to a plurality of musical sound channels formed by time division processing. A method,
In newly assigning each component sound to each of these channels, the level of each new component sound is corrected by the frequency value of the component sound, and this correction increases the level as the frequency value decreases. A channel assignment method for musical sounds, characterized in that the level of each of the corrected component sounds is compared with each other , and a component sound having a high level selected based on the comparison result is newly assigned to a channel. A tone is a tone containing component tones of a plurality of frequency components, means for determining the component tones of the same frequency that is present over the plurality of musical tones to be generated at the same time,
Means for synthesizing the generated amounts of the component sounds of the same frequency over a plurality of discriminated musical sounds and allocating them to a single channel, and a channel assignment device for musical tones formed in plural by time division processing. Because
In newly assigning each component sound to each of these channels, the level of each new component sound is corrected by the value of the frequency of the component sound, and this correction increases the level as the frequency value decreases. A device for assigning musical sound channels, comprising means for comparing the levels of the corrected component sounds with each other and newly assigning a component sound having a high level selected based on the comparison result to a channel. CPU to music device,
A tone is a tone containing component tones of a plurality of frequency components, to determine the component tones of the same frequency that is present over the plurality of musical tones to be generated at the same time,
The generation amount of each component sound of the same frequency over the plurality of determined musical sounds is synthesized and assigned to one channel collectively, and this channel is assigned to a plurality of musical sound channels formed by time division processing. A method,
In newly assigning each component sound to each of these channels, the level of each new component sound is corrected by the frequency value of the component sound, and this correction increases the level as the frequency value increases. A channel assignment method for musical sounds, characterized in that the level of each of the corrected component sounds is compared with each other , and a component sound having a high level selected based on the comparison result is newly assigned to a channel. A tone is a tone containing component tones of a plurality of frequency components, means for determining the component tones of the same frequency that is present over the plurality of musical tones to be generated at the same time,
Means for synthesizing the generated amounts of the component sounds of the same frequency over a plurality of discriminated musical sounds and allocating them to a single channel, and a channel assignment device for musical tones formed in plural by time division processing. Because
In newly assigning each component sound to each of these channels, the level of each new component sound is corrected by the frequency value of the component sound, and this correction increases the level as the frequency value increases. A device for assigning musical sound channels, comprising means for comparing the levels of the corrected component sounds with each other and newly assigning a component sound having a high level selected based on the comparison result to a channel.   7. The musical sound channel assignment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the channel assignment control is executed for each of a plurality of audio channels or stereo channels forming a sound image.

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