JP3637190B2 - Musical sound generating apparatus and musical sound generating method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a musical sound generation apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus that generates a musical sound signal using an impulse response signal.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in the field of musical tone generation devices, there are few devices that perform control related to impulse response waveform signals. However, some impulse response waveform signals themselves are sampled and stored, repeatedly read out, and the repetition period is determined according to the designated pitch. In this case, if the designated pitch is high, the readout repetition cycle is short, and if the designated pitch is low, the readout repetition cycle is long. Further, the reading speed of the impulse response waveform signal itself is constant, and the reading speed of the impulse response waveform signal itself does not change regardless of whether the pitch is high or low.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, such an apparatus simply reads out an impulse response waveform signal and applies it to a musical tone, and the contents such as the tone color of the musical tone cannot be changed in various ways. To change the tone of a normal musical tone, the frequency component (characteristic) of the musical tone is changed using a filter or the like.
[0004]
However, the frequency characteristic (spectrum envelope) of the musical sound can be achieved only by changing the reading speed (generation speed) of the impulse response waveform signal itself. If the generation speed of the impulse response waveform signal is changed, the frequency characteristic changes as the frequency characteristic expands or contracts on the frequency axis, and as a result, the timbre also changes. In this case, if the readout speed of the impulse response waveform signal itself is linked to the repetition cycle of the readout, the tone cannot be determined independently, and the tone is determined according to the pitch and depends on the pitch. It becomes the tone that I did.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a first object of the present invention is to determine independent timbres independent of the pitch, and a second object is novel using an impulse response waveform signal. Is to generate a simple tone signal.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, an impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of a musical tone signal to be generated is repeatedly generated, and the repetition period of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal is expressed as a pitch. The generation speed of the generated impulse response signal itself was changed independently of the repetition period according to a tone color determination factor different from the pitch determination factor.
[0007]
As a result, the tone color of the tone signal generated from the impulse response signal is changed independently of the pitch, and the tone color does not depend on the pitch, and the tone color can be freely changed. Moreover, a desired musical tone signal is generated by repeatedly generating an impulse response signal, and a novel musical tone can be generated.
[0008]
Further, if the repetition period or the reading speed of the impulse response signal changes, the power, energy, or volume of the musical sound signal output based on the impulse response signal also changes. In the present invention, the magnitude of the generated impulse response signal changes based on the repetition period or readout speed of the impulse response signal. As a result, the power, energy, or volume of the output musical tone signal is made constant and does not change according to the repetition period or readout speed of the impulse response signal.
[0009]
Furthermore, in the present invention, the waveform shape of the impulse response signal generated repeatedly is switched according to the generated musical factor. Thereby, the change of the waveform shape of the impulse response signal itself can be linked to the pitch change or can be linked to the timbre change.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1. Principle of the Present Invention FIGS. 12 and 13 show the principle of the present invention. In FIG. 12, when the repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is T1 or T2, the frequency characteristics (spectrum envelope (envelope), frequency spectrum component) of the tone synthesized and generated by the output of the impulse response signal ISj (t) Characteristics, formant characteristics). This repetition period T determines the pitch of the generated musical sound. Therefore, the repetition period T is determined by the pitch information and is taken in as the period coefficient f.
[0011]
When the repetition period T of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is shortened and the pitch is increased, the frequency characteristics do not change much or at all as shown in FIGS. 12B1 and 12B2, and the density of each frequency component is Lowering, the width of the formant remains the same. Therefore, when the repetition period T changes, the pitch changes, but the timbre (frequency component, formant characteristic) itself does not change.
[0012]
The impulse response signal ISj (t) is stored for each musical factor in the impulse signal storage unit 51 (FIG. 2) in the impulse signal generation unit 50 of FIG. This stored impulse response signal ISj (t) is one of the two impulse response signals ISj (t) shown in FIG. 13A1 or FIG. 13A1 and shows the state of repeated reading.
[0013]
In FIG. 13, when the repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is the same and the reading speed of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is different, the frequency of the musical sound synthesized and generated by the output of the impulse response signal ISj (t) Characteristics (spectral envelope (envelope), frequency spectrum component characteristics, formant characteristics) are shown. The reading speed of the impulse response signal ISj (t) itself determines the tone color (frequency component, formant characteristic) of the generated musical tone. Therefore, this reading speed is determined by musical factor information not related to pitch, for example, timbre information, and is taken in as an envelope coefficient r.
[0014]
When the reading speed of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is increased and the time length of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is reduced, the density of each frequency component is too little or not as shown in FIGS. 13B1 and 13B2. Without changing, the frequency characteristics (frequency spectrum component characteristics, formant characteristics) change, and the formant width widens. Therefore, when the signal reading speed changes, the timbre (frequency component, formant characteristic) changes, but the pitch itself does not change.
[0015]
The impulse response signal ISj (t) is generated and stored by applying a calculation method such as a linear prediction method or a cepstrum method to a predetermined length of a musical sound signal to be generated. For example, in the cepstrum method, a musical sound signal having a predetermined length is fast Fourier transformed by a Fourier transformer and converted into a frequency power spectrum.
[0016]
This converted power spectrum is logarithmically converted by a logarithmic converter, further inversely fast Fourier transformed by an inverse Fourier transformer, and converted into a time domain (cef range) cepstrum. This cepstrum is multiplied by a causal window from the multiplier and window function generator and converted to a complex cepstrum. This complex cepstrum is again fast Fourier transformed by the Fourier transformer and returned to the frequency domain to obtain a spectral envelope.
[0017]
Examples of this spectral envelope are shown in FIGS. 12B1 and 12B2 and FIGS. 13B1 and 13B2. This spectral envelope is exponentially converted by an exponent converter, and inverse fast Fourier transformed by the inverse Fourier transformer and returned to the time domain. Thereby, sampling data of the impulse response signal having the minimum phase is generated and stored in the impulse signal storage unit 51 as the impulse response signal ISj (t).
[0018]
If the repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t) changes, the power, energy or volume of the musical tone signal output based on the impulse response signal ISj (t) also changes. Based on the repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t), the magnitude of the generated impulse response signal ISj (t) changes. As a result, the power, energy, or volume of the output musical sound signal is made constant and does not change according to the repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t).
[0019]
2. Overall Circuit FIG. 1 shows an overall circuit of a musical tone generator. Performance information (musical tone generation information) is generated from the performance information generator 10. This performance information (musical sound generation information) is information for generating musical sounds. The performance information generating unit 10 is a sound generation instruction device, an automatic performance device, various switches or interfaces that are played manually.
[0020]
The performance information (musical tone generation information) is musical factor information, such as pitch (tone range) information (pitch determinant), pronunciation time information, performance field information, pronunciation number information, and the like. The pronunciation time information indicates the elapsed time from the start of tone generation. The performance field information indicates performance part information, musical tone part information, musical instrument part information, etc., and corresponds to, for example, melody, accompaniment, chord, bass, rhythm, etc., or upper keyboard, lower keyboard, foot keyboard, and the like.
[0021]
The pitch information is captured as key number data KN. The key number data KN is composed of octave data (sound range data) and pitch name data. The performance field information is taken in as part number data PN, and this part number data PN is data for identifying each performance area, and is set according to which performance area the musical sound subjected to sound generation is from.
[0022]
The pronunciation time information is taken in as tone time data TM and is based on time count data from a key-on event or is substituted in an envelope phase. This sounding time information is shown in detail in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-219324 and drawings as elapsed time information from the start of sounding.
[0023]
The number-of-sounds information indicates the number of musical sounds that are simultaneously sounded. For example, the number of musical sounds whose on / off data in the assignment memory 42 is “1” is calculated based on the number of musical sounds of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-242878. 15 and FIG. 8 and FIG. 18 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-2476855, FIG. 9 and FIG. 20 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-276857, and FIG. 9 and FIG. 21 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-276858. It is done.
[0024]
The pronunciation instruction device is a keyboard instrument, a stringed instrument, a wind instrument, a percussion instrument, a computer keyboard, or the like. The automatic performance device automatically reproduces stored performance information. The interface is a device that receives and sends performance information from a connected device such as MIDI (musical instrument digital interface).
[0025]
In addition, the performance information generating unit 10 is provided with various switches, such as a tone tablet, an effect switch, a rhythm switch, a pedal, a wheel, a lever, a dial, a handle, and a touch switch, which are for musical instruments. is there. Music control information is generated from the various switches, and the music control information is information for controlling the generated music and is musical factor information. Tone information (tone determination factor), touch information (pronunciation) The speed / intensity of the instruction operation), pronunciation number information, effect information, rhythm information, sound image (stereo) information, quantize information, modulation information, tempo information, volume information, envelope information, and the like.
[0026]
The musical factor information is also merged with the performance information (musical sound information) and input from the various switches, and is merged with the automatic performance information or the performance information transmitted / received through the interface. Note that the touch switch is provided corresponding to each of the sound generation instruction devices, and generates initial touch data and after-touch data indicating the speed and strength of the touch.
[0027]
The tone information corresponds to the type of instrument (sounding medium / sounding means) of a keyboard instrument (piano, etc.), wind instrument (flute, etc.), stringed instrument (violin, etc.), percussion instrument (drum, etc.), etc. Is taken in as. The envelope information includes an envelope level, an envelope speed, an envelope phase, and the like.
[0028]
Such musical factor information is sent to the controller 20, and various signals, data, and parameters described later are switched to determine the contents of the musical sound. The performance information (musical tone generation information) and musical tone control information are processed by the controller 20, various data are sent to the impulse signal generator 50, and an impulse response signal ISj (t) is generated. The controller 20 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
[0029]
The program / data storage unit 30 (internal storage medium / means) includes a storage device such as a ROM or writable RAM, flash memory, or EEPROM, and is stored in an information storage unit 41 (external storage medium / means) such as an optical disk or a magnetic disk. The stored computer program is copied and stored (installed / transferred). The program / data storage unit 30 also stores (installs / transfers) a program transmitted from an external electronic musical instrument or computer via the MIDI device or the transmission / reception device. The storage medium for this program includes a communication medium.
[0030]
This installation (transfer / copying) is automatically executed when the information storage unit 41 is set in the musical tone generating apparatus or when the musical tone generating apparatus is turned on, or is installed by an operation by the operator. The The program is a program according to a flowchart to be described later for the controller 20 to perform various processes.
[0031]
Note that another operating system, a system program (OS), and other programs may be stored in advance in the apparatus, and the program may be executed together with these OS and other programs. When this program is installed in the apparatus (computer main body) and executed, it is only necessary to execute the processing / function described in the claims together with another program or alone.
[0032]
Further, a part or all of this program is stored and executed in one or more other devices other than this device, and data to be processed / already processed through communication means between this device and another device. The present invention may be executed as the entire apparatus and the separate apparatus.
[0033]
The program / data storage unit 30 also stores the musical factor information described above, the various data described above, and other various data. These various data include data necessary for time division processing, data for allocation to time division channels, and the like.
[0034]
In the impulse signal generation unit 50, an impulse response signal ISj (t) having a predetermined length is repeatedly generated and sounded and output from the sound output unit 60. The repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t) that is repeatedly generated is changed according to the pitch information, and is different from the pitch information to the timbre information or musical factor information not related to the pitch. Accordingly, the reading speed (generation speed) of the generated impulse response signal ISj (t) itself is changed, and the repetition period and the reading speed are changed independently of each other.
[0035]
The impulse response signal ISj (t) corresponds to the spectrum envelope of the musical sound signal to be generated and has a predetermined finite length L. The impulse signal generator 50 simultaneously generates a plurality of musical sound signals by time division processing and generates polyphonic sounds.
[0036]
From the timing generator 30, a timing control signal for synchronizing all the circuits of the tone generator is output to each circuit. This timing control signal includes a clock signal of each period, a signal obtained by logical product or logical sum of these clock signals, a signal having a period of channel division time of time division processing, channel number data j, and the like.
[0037]
3. Assignment memory 42
FIG. 2 shows the assignment memory 42 of the program / data storage unit 40. In the assignment memory 42, a plurality of channel memory areas (16 or 32, etc.) are formed, and data relating to musical sounds assigned to the plurality of musical sound generation channels formed in the impulse signal generator 50 is stored. .
[0038]
In each of these channel memory areas, the period coefficient f (or key number data KN) of the tone to which the channel is assigned, the envelope coefficient r (tone number data TN), the waveform start address Sa, the waveform end address Ea, and the period end value Fmax In addition, ON / OFF data, touch data TC, tone time data TM, part number data PN, power data PW, envelope phase data EF, envelope speed data ES, envelope level data EL, and the like are stored.
[0039]
The on / off data indicates whether the musical sound to be assigned and sounded is key-on or sounding (“1”), key-off or sound-deadening (“0”). The cycle coefficient f (key number data KN) indicates the pitch of a musical tone assigned and pronounced, and is determined according to the pitch information. The higher order data of the period coefficient f indicates a sound range or an octave. The frequency number data FN is sent to the impulse signal generator 50 by the controller 20 at a corresponding channel timing.
[0040]
The envelope coefficient r (tone number data TN) indicates the tone color of the tone that is assigned and pronounced, and is determined according to the tone color information. The envelope coefficient r is sent by the controller 20 to the impulse signal generator 50 at the corresponding channel timing. The touch data TC indicates the speed or strength of the sound generation operation, and is determined according to the touch information.
[0041]
The power data PW indicates the power of the energy of the waveform of the impulse response signal ISj (t), the repetition period T of each impulse response signal ISj (t) stored in the impulse signal storage unit 51, and each impulse response signal ISj (t ) It is determined based on the reading (generation) speed or waveform shape of itself.
[0042]
For example, if the power data PW of an impulse response signal ISj (t) having a certain pitch is set as “1” as a reference, the impulse response signal ISj (t) having the same pitch above one octave has “1/2”. "1/4" for the impulse response signal ISj (t) having the same pitch above 2 octaves, "2" for the impulse response signal ISj (t) having the same pitch below 1 octave, "2", 2 octaves For the same impulse response signal ISj (t) with the lower pitch, “4”,...
[0043]
Further, if the power data PW of the impulse response signal ISj (t) at a certain reading speed is set to “1” as a reference, “2” or 3 times at the same impulse response signal ISj (t) having a double reading speed. “3” for the impulse response signal ISj (t) having the same reading speed, and “1/2” for the impulse response signal ISj (t) having the same reading speed of 1/2, For the impulse response signal ISj (t) having the same speed, “1/3”,...
[0044]
Further, the power data PW is set even between different impulse response signals ISj (t). If the impulse response signal ISj (t) is a waveform that changes drastically and the energy power of the waveform is large, the power data PW is reduced, and the impulse response signal ISj (t) is a waveform that changes slowly and the energy power is small. In this case, the power data PW is increased.
[0045]
Of course, if the magnitude (amplitude) of each impulse response signal ISj (t) stored in the impulse signal storage unit 51 is adjusted to have the same energy power, such different impulse response signals ISj (t Setting of the power data PW during () is unnecessary.
[0046]
This power data PW is based on the integrated value of the waveform of the impulse response signal ISj (t) or the sum of the absolute value of each local maximum value and local minimum value between the different impulse response signals ISj (t). It is determined.
[0047]
Further, as described above, the power data PW is determined in inverse proportion to the repetition period T, that is, the pitch frequency, and further inversely proportional to the set tone color, that is, the reading speed, during the same impulse response signal ISj (t). Is done. However, depending on the impulse characteristics of the musical sound generation (sound generation) circuit and the conversion characteristics of the loudspeaker's electrical energy into volume energy, the following occurs. A, B, C, and D are constants. T is the repetition period. If it is a pitch frequency, it is converted into a reciprocal and substituted into this “T”. S is the reading speed.
[0048]
PW = A × (T / S) (n−INV) (n = 1, 2, 3,...)
PW = B × (log−c) (T / S)
PW = D × (n−RAD) (T / S) (n = 1, 2, 3,...)
(N−INV) indicates that the previous numerical value is “nth power”. In this case, (T / S) is “nth power”. (Log-c) indicates a logarithmic expression with a base “c”. (N-RAD) indicates that the “nth root” of the subsequent numerical value is obtained, and in this case, the “nth root” of (T / S) is calculated.
[0049]
Such power data PW is converted from the pitch information (key number data KN) and tone color information (tone number data TN) by a table in the program / data storage unit 40. Similarly, the periodic coefficient f is also converted from the pitch information (key number data KN) by a table in the program / data storage unit 40, and the envelope coefficient r is also converted by the table in the program / data storage unit 40. Converted from tone color information (tone number data TN).
[0050]
Envelope phase data EF indicates the attack, decay, sustain or release of the envelope, envelope speed data ES indicates the step value of the calculation per envelope digital calculation, and envelope level data EL indicates the envelope calculation at the end of each phase. Indicates the target value that the value will reach.
[0051]
Each data in each channel memory area is written at the sounding start timing, and is rewritten or read out at each channel timing, and sent to the impulse signal generation unit 50. The assignment memory 42 may be provided not in the program / data storage unit 40 but in the impulse signal generation unit 50 or the controller 20.
[0052]
A method for assigning or truncating each tone to a plurality of tone generation systems for generating a plurality of tones in parallel, that is, a channel formed by the above time-sharing process, is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-4298. The methods shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 1-305818, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-312175, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-2089178, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-409579, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2-409578 are used.
[0053]
4). Impulse signal generator 50
FIG. 3 shows the impulse signal generator 50. As shown in FIG. 4, various impulse response signals ISj (t) are stored in the impulse signal storage unit 51. The waveform shapes of these impulse response signals ISj (t) are different, and the timbre when they are synthesized and output to the musical tone signal is also different. These impulse response signals ISj (t) correspond to each musical factor information, and are stored in multiples for each tone color, touch, pitch (tone range) or sounding time, performance field, envelope phase, etc. Yes.
[0054]
For example, the impulse response signal ISj (t) is stored differently for each timbre, and the impulse response signal ISj (t) of one kind of timbre is stored differently for each touch. The impulse response signal ISj (t) is stored differently for each tone generation time, ... stored differently for each pitch, ... stored differently for each performance field, ... different for each envelope phase Is memorized.
[0055]
The musical factor information is converted by the controller 20 into upper read address data specifying such various impulse response signals ISj (t), and the read address data is stored in the impulse signal selection unit 52 to store the impulse signal. The impulse response signal ISj (t) supplied to the unit 51 is selected. If the musical factor information changes for each musical tone or during sound generation, the upper read address data is switched, and the impulse response signal ISj (t) to be read is also switched.
[0056]
If this musical factor information is related to pitch, the change in the waveform shape of the impulse response signal itself should be linked to the pitch change, and the tone of the musical tone signal that is synthesized and output should be linked to the pitch change. Can do. Also, if this musical factor information is related to information other than pitch, changes in the waveform shape of the impulse response signal itself are linked to changes in timbre, touch, pronunciation time, performance field, or synthesized and output. The timbre of the musical tone signal can also be linked to changes in timbre, touch, pronunciation time, and performance field.
[0057]
The impulse signal selection unit 52 has a memory area corresponding to the number of time-division channels, and upper read address data corresponding to the musical factor of the musical sound assigned to each channel is stored in each memory area. It is read by the channel number data j from the generator and supplied to the impulse signal storage 51.
[0058]
Each impulse response signal ISj (t) in the impulse signal storage unit 51 is read by the lower read address data R1 and R2 from the impulse signal reading unit 53. The lower read address data R1 and R2 are incremented at a speed corresponding to the musical factor information other than the pitch information. Therefore, the reading speed of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is not determined by the pitch information. The impulse response signal ISj (t) is repeatedly read, and the repetition period is changed according to the pitch information, and the repetition period and the reading speed are determined independently of each other.
[0059]
The impulse response signals ISj (t) read from the impulse signal storage unit 51 are individually accumulated and synthesized for each channel by the impulse accumulation unit 54, and the envelope signal from the envelope generator 56 is obtained by the multiplier 55. Multiplying and synthesizing for each channel, the musical tone accumulation unit 57 accumulates and synthesizes the musical tone signals of all channels, and outputs the sound from the sound output unit 60.
[0060]
The envelope generator 56 sends the above-described musical factor information (envelope information), that is, envelope speed data ES, envelope level data EL, and envelope phase data EF, and is stored for each channel. Information), the speed and level of each phase of the envelope of each channel is set, and the shape of each envelope is determined. This envelope signal is generated in a time division manner for each channel and sent to the multiplier 55.
[0061]
The power data PW of each channel is stored in the corresponding channel area of the waveform power control RAM 58 by the controller 20. Each power data PW is sent to the multiplier 55, and is multiplied by the musical tone signal (impulse response signal ISj (t)) from the impulse accumulator 54 or the envelope data from the envelope generator 56. The waveform power control RAM 58 has a memory area corresponding to the time division channel, and each power data PW is read out by being switched in a time division manner. This switching is based on channel count data from the timing generator 30.
[0062]
Thereby, even if the repetition period T of the impulse response signal ISj (t) changes according to the pitch, and the waveform power, that is, the volume changes according to the pitch, this can be adjusted and eliminated. In addition, since the waveform shape of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is different, even if the waveform power, that is, the volume changes according to the pitch, this can be adjusted and eliminated.
[0063]
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the pitch of the impulse response signal ISj (t), that is, the repetition period T and the waveform power. When the impulse response signal ISj (t) is read out with a short cycle as shown in FIG. 5A, the waveform energy per unit time increases and the volume also increases. On the other hand, when the impulse response signal ISj (t) is read out with a long period as shown in FIG. 5A, the waveform energy per unit time is reduced and the volume is also reduced.
[0064]
Similarly, although not shown, when the impulse response signal ISj (t) is read slowly, the waveform energy per unit time increases and the volume also increases. On the other hand, when the impulse response signal ISj (t) is read out quickly, the waveform energy per unit time is reduced and the volume is also reduced.
[0065]
On the other hand, by multiplying the power data PW, the level of the output impulse response signal ISj (t) (musical sound signal) is controlled, and the repetition period T, that is, the change in pitch, or the reading speed, that is, the change in timbre. The extra volume (power) change due to can be suppressed.
[0066]
The power data PW may be multiplied by the envelope level data EL stored in the assignment memory 42 and sent to the envelope generator 56. The touch data TC stored in the assignment 41 may be multiplied by the power data PW and stored in the waveform power control RAM 58. Further, the power data PW may be obtained by calculating the reciprocal of the periodic coefficient f and the envelope coefficient r.
[0067]
5. Impulse signal reading unit 53
FIG. 6 shows an impulse signal reading unit 53 in the impulse signal generating unit 50. The period coefficient f, envelope coefficient r, waveform start address Sa, and waveform end address Ea from the controller (CPU) 20 are stored in the parameter RAM 501 for each time division channel. In some cases, the cycle end value Fmax is also stored in the parameter RAM 501 for each time division channel. A memory area corresponding to the number of time-division channels is formed in the parameter RAM 501, and the coefficients f and r and addresses Sa and Ea corresponding to the musical tone assigned to each channel are stored in the corresponding memory area. When each data f, r, Sa, Ea is always sent from the assignment 42 in time division, the parameter RAM 501 may have only one memory area.
[0068]
The period coefficient f and the period end value Fmax determine the length of the repetition period T of the impulse response signal ISj (t), determine the pitch of the musical tone to be generated, and the period coefficient f is sequentially and repeatedly accumulated. Every time the cycle end value Fmax is reached, the impulse response signal ISj (t) is repeatedly read out. The accumulated value of the period coefficient f is a period count value F. The period coefficient f and the period end value Fmax are determined by the pitch information (key number data) and converted from the key number data. The pitch of the musical tone signal in which the length of the repetition period T is generated is determined.
[0069]
Either the period coefficient f or the period end value Fmax may be fixed. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the cycle end value Fmax is set to the maximum value (“1111... 11” or “111... 1100... 0”) that the cycle count value F can take, and this cycle end value Fmax is not stored.
[0070]
The envelope coefficient r determines the reading (generation) speed of the impulse response signal ISj (t), determines the frequency characteristic (formant shape) of the impulse response signal ISj (t), and determines the tone color of the generated musical tone. The envelope coefficient r is repeatedly accumulated from the waveform head address Sa to the waveform end address Ea, and supplied to the impulse signal storage unit 51 as lower read address data R1 and R2. When the lower read address data R1 and R2 reach the waveform end address Ea, reading of the impulse response signal ISj (t) is waited until the cycle count value F next reaches the cycle end value Fmax.
[0071]
The envelope coefficient r is determined by musical factor information not related to the pitch, and for example, the timbre information (tone number data), touch information (touch data), pronunciation time information (tone time data), performance field information ( Part number data).
[0072]
The envelope coefficient r or the cycle count f from the parameter RAM 501 passes through the B register, passes through the FLX 503, or does not pass through the selector 504, and the adder 505 at the lower read address data R1, R2 or cycle count so far. The value is accumulated in the value F and stored in the operation RAM 508 via the accumulation register 506 and the selector 507. A memory area corresponding to the number of time-division channels is formed in the arithmetic RAM 508, and the data R1, R2, and F corresponding to the musical sound assigned to each channel are stored in the corresponding memory area. The FLX 503 converts floating point data into fixed point data.
[0073]
The data R1, R2, and F are sent from the arithmetic RAM 508 via the A register 509 to the adder 505 via the selector 510. The data R1 and R2 are alternately selected by the selector 518 via the R1 register 511 and the R2 register 512 and sent to the impulse signal storage unit 51. Of the cycle count value F from the accumulation register 506, the lower decimal data Fr or data “0” is supplied to the adder 505 via the selector 510. The selector 518 is switched by the clock signal φR1. One cycle of the clock signal φR1 is equal to the division time for one channel as shown in FIG.
[0074]
The initial value of the lower read address data R1 is “0”, the initial value of the lower read address data R2 is the waveform end address Ea, and the initial value of the cycle count value F is “0”. The data is stored in the arithmetic RAM 508 via the selector 507.
[0075]
The waveform end address value Ea (period end value Fmax) from the parameter RAM 501 is supplied to the comparator 516 via the Ea register and AND gate group 514. The comparator 516 is also supplied with the lower read address data R1, R2 or the cycle count value F from the adder 505. When the lower read address data R1, R2 reaches the waveform end address value Ea, or the cycle count value F Reaches the maximum value “111... 11” or the maximum approximate value “111... 1100... 0” (period end value Fmax), the detection signal is set in the flip-flop 517 and sent to the controller (CPU) 20.
[0076]
The carry-out signal Cout from the adder 505 is supplied as the upper bit group of the comparator 516, and the gate signal of the AND gate group 514 is inverted by the inverter 515 and supplied as the upper bit group of the comparator 516. Numbers are matched.
[0077]
The waveform start address Sa and the waveform end address Ea are also determined by the musical factor information. For example, the pitch information (key number data), timbre information (tone number data), touch information (touch data), and pronunciation time information. (Tone time data), performance field information (part number data) and the like are converted and stored in the corresponding channel memory area of the parameter RAM 501. The waveform head address Sa and the waveform tail address Ea select one of the various impulse response signals ISj (t). In this case, the impulse signal selection unit 52 can be omitted.
[0078]
6). Overall Process FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the overall process executed by the controller (CPU) 20. This entire process is started by turning on the power of the musical tone generating apparatus and is repeatedly executed until the power is turned off.
[0079]
First, various initialization processes such as initialization of the program / data storage unit 40 are performed (step 01), and a sound generation process based on a manual performance or automatic performance by the sound generation instruction device or the automatic performance device of the performance information generation unit 10 is performed. Performed (step 02).
[0080]
In this sound generation process, a musical sound related to a key-on event is assigned to the searched empty channel. The contents of the musical tone include the musical performance information (musical tone generation information) from the musical performance information generation unit 10, musical factor information of musical tone control information, and musical factor information already stored in the program / data storage unit 40 at this time. Determined by.
[0081]
Next, a mute (attenuation) process based on a manual performance or automatic performance by the sound generation instruction device or automatic performance device of the performance information generator 10 is performed (step 03). In this silence (attenuation) process, the channel to which the musical sound related to the key-off event is assigned is searched, and the musical sound is attenuated and silenced. In this case, the envelope phase of the musical sound related to the key-off event is released, and the envelope level gradually becomes “0”.
[0082]
Further, if various switches of the performance information generating unit 10 are operated, musical factor information corresponding to the switches is fetched and stored in the program / data storage unit 40, and the musical factor information is changed (step). 04). Thereafter, other processing is executed (step 05), and the processing from step 02 to step 05 is repeated.
[0083]
7). Impulse Response Signal ISj (t) Generation Process FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of the sound generation process in step 02 executed by the controller (CPU) 20, in which the impulse response signal ISj (t) is generated. The flowchart of FIG. 5 is performed for all time division channels.
[0084]
First, if a key-on event (sound generation event) based on manual performance or automatic performance is sent from the sound generation instruction device or automatic performance device of the performance information generating unit 10 to the controller 20 (step 11), an empty channel is searched and searched. In the area of the assignment memory 42 of the empty channel, ON / OFF data of “1”, period coefficient f according to pitch, envelope coefficient r according to tone color, touch data TC, part number data PN, “0” Tone time data TM, power data PW corresponding to tone pitch and tone color, envelope speed ES, envelope level EL, and envelope phase EF of “1” are written. The period coefficient f and the envelope coefficient r will be described below.
[0085]
Further, the lower read address data R1 of “0”, the lower read address data R2 set to the waveform end address Ea, and the cycle count value F of “0” are stored in the corresponding channel memory area of the arithmetic RAM 508 and overlapped. The corresponding channel area of the channel counter (program / data storage unit 40) is reset to “0” (step 12).
[0086]
Next, the period coefficient f and the period end value Fmax are converted from the key number data (pitch information) KN and stored in the corresponding channel memory area of the parameter RAM 501, and the envelope coefficient r is the tone number data (tone color information) TN, It is converted from touch data (touch information) TC, tone time data (sounding time information) TM or part number data (performance field information) PN, stored in the corresponding channel memory area of the parameter RAM 501 (step 13), and other processing. It is executed (step 14).
[0087]
The waveform start address Sa and the waveform end address Ea are key number data (pitch information), tone number (tone color information), touch data (touch information), tone time data (sounding time information) or part number data (performance). Field information) and stored in the corresponding channel memory area of the parameter RAM 501 (step 13). The waveform head address Sa and the waveform tail address Ea select one of the various impulse response signals ISj (t). In this case, the impulse signal selection unit 52 can be omitted.
[0088]
Further, if there is a tone that is key-on start (pronunciation start) or key-on (pronunciation) (step 15), the period coefficient f is added (accumulated) to the period count value F (step 16). If the accumulated value) is greater than or equal to the cycle end value Fmax (“1111... 11” or “111... 1100... 0”) (step 17), the cycle end value Fmax is subtracted from the cycle count value F. Is corrected (step 18).
[0089]
The superposition channel is switched (steps 18, 21, and 22), and the lower decimal data Fr of the cycle count value F is added to the waveform head address Sa of the switched channel (step 23), and the lower read address data R1. Alternatively, the initial value of R2 is corrected.
[0090]
In this superposition channel, two impulse response signals ISj (t) are alternately read out in a time division manner and output as one musical tone. As described above, a plurality of musical tones are outputted polyphonically through a further time division channel. . The readout of the two impulse response signals ISj (t) is distinguished by the value of the superposition channel (ch = 0, 1).
[0091]
When the time length L for reading one impulse response signal ISj (t) is longer than the time length T of the repetition period of the impulse response signal ISj (t), the previous impulse response signal ISj (t) The next impulse response signal ISj (t) overlaps. Therefore, if the above two impulse response signals ISj (t) are individually read out by channel division, the two impulse response signals ISj (t) are read out and overlapped in parallel. Of course, the number of channels may exceed two.
[0092]
Next, the envelope coefficient r is added to the lower read address data R1 until the envelope end address Ea is reached (steps 24, 25, 26), and the envelope coefficient r is added to the lower read address data R2 until the waveform end address Ea is reached. (Steps 27, 28, 29). With the two lower read address data R1 and R2, the two impulse response signals ISj (t) are read out in parallel from the impulse response signal ISj (t) signal storage unit 51 as described above, and the impulse accumulation unit 54 Superimposed. The processes from step 15 to step 29 are repeated over all time division channels (step 30), and other processes are executed (step 31).
[0093]
8). FIG. 9 shows a time chart of the operation of each part of the impulse signal reading unit 53. As described above, writing / reading to / from the parameter RAM 501 and the arithmetic RAM 508, switching of the selectors 504, 507, 510, storing to the registers 502, 5096, 509, 511, 512, 513, storing to the flip-flop 517, The opening / closing of the AND gate group 514 is switched. As these switching control signals, various timing control signals from the timing generation unit described above are used.
[0094]
When the cycle end value Fmax is stored in the parameter RAM 501, writing / reading of the cycle end value Fmax is also performed. Among the waveforms of this time chart, those whose high level / low level are indicated by a dotted line become high level or low level by the detection / non-detection of the comparator 516 when the write data is present / not present.
[0095]
9. Read State FIG. 10 shows a read state of the impulse response signal ISj (t) from the impulse signal storage unit 51. By starting sound generation (key-on), the first impulse response signal ISj (t) is started to be read by the lower read address data R1 (step 24). The lower read address data R1 starts incrementing at the speed of the envelope coefficient r.
[0096]
At the same time, the cycle count value F starts to be incremented at the speed of the cycle coefficient f (steps 15 and 16). When the cycle count value F reaches the cycle end value Fmax (step 17), even if the first impulse response signal ISj (t) is still being read, the second impulse response signal ISj (t) is lower. Reading is started by the read address data R2 (step 27). The lower read address data R2 is also incremented at the speed of the envelope coefficient r.
[0097]
When the second period T elapses from the start of sound generation (step 17), even if the second impulse response signal ISj (t) is still being read, the third impulse response signal ISj (t) is Reading is started by the lower read address data R1 (step 24).
[0098]
Further, when the third period T has elapsed from the start of sound generation (step 17), even if the third impulse response signal ISj (t) is still being read, the fourth impulse response signal ISj (t) is Reading is started by the lower read address data R2 (step 27).
[0099]
In this way, two identical impulse response signals ISj (t) are alternately read out by the two lower read address data R1 and R2. Therefore, even if the length L of the impulse response signal ISj (t) itself is longer than the cycle T of repeated generation, the generation of the previous impulse response signal ISj (t) is continued at the end of each cycle T, and the next impulse is generated. The response signal ISj (t) can be generated in an overlapping manner. These impulse response signals ISj (t) are synthesized and output as one musical sound signal.
[0100]
Note that the number of impulse response signals ISj (t) read out in a time division manner as one musical sound signal may exceed “2”. Accordingly, the number of lower read address data increases as R1, R2, R3, R4,..., And the number of steps 24 to 26 and 27 to 29 also increases.
[0101]
Further, the number of impulse response signals ISj (t) read out in a time division manner as one musical sound signal may be “1”. In this case, the length L of the impulse response signal ISj (t) itself is shorter than the repetition period T. Therefore, it is determined whether or not the length L of the impulse response signal ISj (t) itself is shorter than the repetition period T. If it is shorter, the processing in steps 27 to 29 is omitted, and there is one time division readout system for the impulse response signal ISj (t). The length L of the impulse response signal ISj (t) itself is obtained by dividing the difference between the waveform end address Ea and the waveform start address Sa by the envelope coefficient r. Similarly, the repetition period T is obtained by dividing the period end value Fmax by the period count f.
[0102]
10. Processing of Tone Time Data TM FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of interrupt processing executed by the controller 20 at regular intervals. In this process, the tone time data TM is incremented.
[0103]
In this process, for each channel area of the assignment memory 42 (steps 41, 44, 45), the tone time data TM of the ON / OFF data “1” and the tone being generated (step 42) is displayed. “+1” is set (step 43), and other periodic processing is performed (step 46). Thus, the elapsed sound generation time of each channel is counted and stored and used as described above.
[0104]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the setting of the cycle end value Fmax is omitted, and the cycle count value F can be fixed to a maximum value. In this case, the pitch of the musical tone signal is determined only by the periodic coefficient f.
[0105]
The first half and the second half of the one impulse response signal ISj (t) have the same shape, but may have different shapes. Alternatively, only the first half of the impulse response signal ISj (t) may be stored, and the first half may be read in reverse and the second half signal generated. The impulse response signal ISj (t) may be one obtained by sampling and storing an external sound and converted by the cepstrum method, the linear prediction method, or the like, or may be artificially created by a user.
[0106]
Further, the functions of the circuits shown in the drawings may be implemented by software (flow chart), and the functions of the flowcharts shown in the drawings may be implemented by hardware (circuit). The present invention can be implemented in an electronic musical instrument or a computer.
[0107]
In the impulse response signal ISj (t), the first half waveform and the second half waveform are often symmetrical. In this case, only the first half waveform or the second half waveform is stored in the impulse signal storage unit 51. After the half waveform is read, the half waveform is read in reverse, and the impulse response signal ISj (T) The whole may be generated. Thereby, the storage amount of the impulse signal storage unit 51 decreases.
[0108]
The control of the volume power by the power data PW is not only when the reading (generation) speed S of the impulse response signal ISj (t) and the repetition period T are controlled independently, but also when one is linked or subordinate to the other. Is also executed. In this case, the period coefficient f and the envelope coefficient r are determined according to the same musical factor, for example, pitch, tone, touch, and sound generation time, or one of the data is obtained, and an operation in the one data is performed. The other is requested.
[0109]
(1) An impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical tone signal to be generated is repeatedly generated, and the repetition period of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal is changed according to a pitch determinant, A computer program for generating a musical tone that causes at least a computer to change the generation speed of the generated impulse response signal itself independently of the repetition period in accordance with a tone color determining factor different from a pitch determining factor Medium storing computer / computer program communication method / musical sound generating apparatus (method).
[0110]
(2) An impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical tone signal to be generated is generated, and the generated impulse response signal is controlled to be repeatedly generated at a predetermined cycle. Even if the length is longer than the cycle of the repetitive generation, the generation of the musical sound for causing the computer to execute generation of the next impulse response signal while continuing generation of the impulse response signal at the end of the cycle is performed. Medium storing computer program / computer program communication method / musical sound generating apparatus (method).
[0111]
(3) The pitch determining factor is a factor that determines the pitch of the musical tone signal, the timbre determining factor is a factor that determines the timbre of the musical tone signal, the impulse response signal is stored in storage means, and the timbre is determined. 3. A musical sound to be executed by a computer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reading speed of the impulse response signal is determined according to a determinant, and a repetition period of repeated reading of the impulse response signal is determined according to the pitch determinant. Medium storing computer program for generation / communication method of computer program / musical sound generating apparatus (method).
[0112]
(4) Repetitively generating an impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical tone signal to be generated, and changing a repetition period of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal according to a pitch determinant, According to a tone color determinant different from the pitch determinant, the generation speed of the generated impulse response signal itself is changed independently of the repetition period. A medium storing a computer program for generating a musical sound for causing a computer to switch the waveform shape of a generated impulse response signal / a computer program communication method / musical sound generating apparatus (method).
[0113]
(5) An impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical sound signal to be generated is generated, and the generated impulse response signal is controlled to be repeatedly generated at a predetermined cycle. Even if the length is longer than the cycle of the repetitive occurrence, the generation of the impulse response signal is continued at the end of the cycle, and the next impulse response signal is repeatedly generated by a plurality of generation means (reading means), A medium storing a computer program for generating a musical sound for causing a computer to switch the waveform shape of the impulse response signal that is repeatedly generated according to the generated musical factor, a communication method for the computer program, and a musical sound generating device (Method).
[0114]
(6) The pitch determining factor is a factor that determines the pitch of the musical tone signal, the timbre determining factor is a factor that determines the timbre of the musical tone signal, the impulse response signal is stored in storage means, and the timbre is determined. The reading speed of the impulse response signal is determined according to the determinant, the repetition period of the repeated reading of the impulse response signal is determined according to the pitch determining factor, and the musical factor determines the pitch of the musical signal. 6. A medium storing a computer program for generating a musical sound to be executed by a computer according to claim 4 or a computer program communication method / musical sound generating apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the determining factor is a tone color determining factor different from the pitch determining factor. (Method).
The scope of claims at the time of filing was as follows.
[1] Repetitively generating an impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical tone signal to be generated, changing the repetition period of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal, and changing the generated impulse response signal itself Changing the generation speed, and changing the magnitude of the generated impulse response signal based on the repetition period of the changed impulse response signal or based on the generation speed of the changed impulse response signal itself. A featured sound generator.
[2] Repetitively generating an impulse response signal having a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical sound signal to be generated, changing the repetition period of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal, and changing the generated impulse response signal itself Changing the generation speed, and changing the magnitude of the generated impulse response signal based on the repetition period of the changed impulse response signal or based on the generation speed of the changed impulse response signal itself. Characteristic music generation method.
[3] The magnitude of the impulse response signal is also changed according to the power of the waveform of the impulse response signal or the speed or strength of the sound generation operation, and the repetition period of the impulse response signal is a pitch determinant. The generation speed of the impulse response signal itself is changed according to a tone color determining factor, and is changed independently of the repetition period. This pitch determining factor determines the pitch of the musical tone signal. The timbre determining factor is a factor that determines the timbre of the musical tone signal, the impulse response signal is stored in a storage means, and the reading speed of the impulse response signal is determined according to the timbre determining factor. 2. The repetition period of repeated reading of the impulse response signal is determined in accordance with the pitch determining factor. Tone generation apparatus.
[0115]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, when the repetition period or the reading speed of the impulse response signal changes, the power, energy, or volume of the musical tone signal output based on the impulse response signal also changes. In the present invention, the magnitude of the generated impulse response signal changes based on the repetition period or readout speed of the impulse response signal. Accordingly, the power, energy, or volume of the output musical sound signal is made constant, and there is an effect that it does not change according to the repetition period or readout speed of the impulse response signal.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an entire circuit of a musical sound generating device.
FIG. 2 shows an assignment memory 42;
FIG. 3 shows an impulse signal generator 50;
FIG. 4 shows various impulse response signals ISj (t) stored in the impulse signal storage unit 51.
FIG. 5 shows a difference in waveform power (sound volume) due to a change in the repetition period T of the impulse response signal ISj (t).
6 shows an impulse signal reading unit 53 in the impulse signal generation unit 50. FIG.
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the entire process.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the sound generation process in step 02;
9 shows a time chart of the operation of each part of the impulse signal reading unit 53. FIG.
FIG. 10 shows a state in which the impulse response signal ISj (t) is read from the impulse signal storage unit 51.
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of interrupt processing.
FIG. 12 shows the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 13 shows the principle of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Performance information generation part, 20 ... Controller (CPU), 30 ... Time generation part, 40 ... Detour / data storage part, 41 ... Information storage part, 42 ... Assignment memory, 50 ... Impulse signal generation part, 60 ... Sound Output unit 51 ... Impulse signal storage unit 52 ... Impulse signal selection unit 53 ... Impulse signal readout unit 54 ... Impulse accumulation unit 58 ... Waveform power control RAM 501 ... Parameter RAM Adder.

Claims (5)

CPU to the music generator
Repeatedly generate an impulse response signal of a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical sound signal to be generated,
The repetition cycle of the impulse response signal that is repeatedly generated is changed according to only the pitch determinant that determines the pitch of the musical signal,
Unlike the pitch determinant, only the timbre determinant that determines the timbre of the tone signal changes the generation speed of the generated impulse response signal waveform itself ,
Based on the change in the rate of evolution of the impulse response signal itself, the tone generating method characterized by changing the size of the generated impulse response signal. Means for repeatedly generating an impulse response signal of a predetermined length corresponding to the frequency characteristic of the musical sound signal to be generated ;
Means for changing the repetition period of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal according to only the pitch determinant that determines the pitch of the musical sound signal;
Unlike the pitch determinant , the means for changing the generation speed of the generated waveform of the impulse response signal according to only the timbre determinant that determines the tone of the musical tone signal ;
Based on the change in the rate of evolution of the impulse response signal itself, tone generation apparatus being characterized in that a means for changing the magnitude of the impulse response signal the occurrence.   3. The musical tone generation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the magnitude of the generated impulse response signal is changed based on a change in the repetition period of the impulse response signal.   Means for switching the waveform shape itself of the repeatedly generated impulse response signal in accordance with the musical factors generated, including the pitch determining factor and the musical tone determining factor. 4. A musical sound generating apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein:   5. A musical sound generating apparatus according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the impulse response signal is symmetrical with respect to a first half and a second half of the signal.

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