JP3671365B2

JP3671365B2 - Anti-ant structure of building and outer heat insulation foundation structure

Info

Publication number: JP3671365B2
Application number: JP2000214629A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 浩司今西; 保河合; 良夫松村
Original assignee: Kaneka Corp
Current assignee: Kaneka Corp
Priority date: 1999-07-15
Filing date: 2000-07-14
Publication date: 2005-07-13
Anticipated expiration: 2020-07-14
Also published as: JP2001081788A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、建物の外断熱基礎に使用される断熱材の内部をシロアリが通過して軸組や床組へ侵入するのを物理的に防止する建物の防蟻構造、及びこれに使用される外断熱基礎構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
建物における従来のシロアリ防除技術としては、例えば、（１）建物の床下の地盤（土壌）と、地面から１ｍ以内の木部とを薬剤で処理する方法や、（２）シロアリの活動をモニタリングしながら、侵入してきたシロアリに少量の薬剤を含む毒餌を摂食させて根絶するベイト工法（レスケミカル法）等が知られている。
【０００３】
しかしながら、上記のような従来例（１）においては、薬剤に起因する化学物質過敏症等の問題があり、即ち、建物内の環境が化学物質によって汚染されるという問題点がある。
【０００４】
また、従来例（２）においては、シロアリに毒餌を摂食させ、コロニー全体の活力を衰退させることを目的とするので、その開始から終了までに少なくとも数力月〜２年程度の長期間を要するという問題点がある。
【０００５】
そこで、これらの問題が発生しないように、（３）薬剤を全く使用しない、ステンレスメッシュや破砕石等の物理的なバリアーを構築する物理的工法（ケミカルフリー法）等が提案されている。この物理的工法に使用されるバリアー材としては、例えば、特許第２６５２９０２号公報及び特表平８−５０６８６８号公報に開示されているように、シロアリの分泌物に耐性で且つ少なくとも約７０のショア硬度を有する耐腐食性材料の編み目シートからなり、この編み目の孔がいずれの方向においても制御すべきシロアリ種の頭部横断面の最大寸法より小径であるシロアリバリアー材等がある。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のような従来例（３）においては、断熱基礎等に使用される断熱材をシロアリによる食害から保護することについては開示されていない。
【０００７】
この発明は、以上のような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、断熱材をシロアリによる食害から保護できる建物の防蟻構造や、これに使用される外断熱基礎構造を提供することを目的とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、建物の防蟻構造に係る請求項１の発明は、建物の外周部分に設けられた外周立ち上がり部と、外側面の下端に周方向に延びる突出部を設けた基礎スラブとを有するべた基礎の前記外周立ち上がり部の外側面及び前記基礎スラブの外側面に密着した断熱材の内部をシロアリが通過して、軸組及び床組へ侵入するのを物理的に防止する建物の防蟻構造であって、前記突出部の外側面から、前記断熱材の外側面における少なくとも地上の所定高さまでの範囲を、前記シロアリの分泌物に耐性の耐腐食性材料で構成されたシート材で被覆したものである。
【０００９】
請求項２の発明は、建物の周方向に延びる突出部を外側面の下端に設けた基礎スラブの前記外側面に密着した断熱材の内部をシロアリが通過して、前記基礎スラブ上に設置された軸組及び床組へ侵入するのを物理的に防止する建物の防蟻構造であって、前記突出部の外側面から、前記断熱材の外側面における少なくとも地上の所定高さまでの範囲を、前記シロアリの分泌物に耐性の耐腐食性材料で構成されたシート材で被覆したものである。
【００１０】
請求項３の発明は、建物の外周部分に設けられた外周立ち上がり部と、外周部分を前記外周立ち上がり部の外側面から外方へ突出する突出部とした基礎スラブとを有するべた基礎の前記外周立ち上がり部の外側面に密着した断熱材の内部をシロアリが通過して、軸組及び床組へ侵入するのを物理的に防止する建物の防蟻構造であって、前記突出部の外側面から、前記断熱材の外側面における少なくとも地上の所定高さまでの範囲を、前記シロアリの分泌物に耐性の耐腐食性材料で構成されたシート材で被覆したものである。
【００１１】
請求項４の発明においては、前記突出部の外側面と前記断熱材の外側面とが面一である。
【００１２】
請求項５の発明は、前記シート材の上縁部を外方へ折曲したものである。
【００１３】
請求項６の発明においては、前記シート材が、少なくともいずれかの方向において前記シロアリの頭部横断面における最大寸法の２倍以下の寸法である複数のアンカー孔を有する。
【００１４】
請求項７の発明は、少なくとも前記シート材の表面に、セメントと細骨材とを含有する表面材を塗布したものである。
【００１５】
請求項８の発明は、前記表面材を、前記断熱材の外側面全体、又は外側面全体と上面全体を覆うように塗布したものである。
【００１６】
また、外断熱基礎構造に係る請求項９の発明は、建物の外周基礎の外側面に、この外周基礎の外側面に密着する断熱材の厚さと略同じ厚さでかつ外側面が前記断熱材の外側面と面一になるようにして周方向に延びる少なくとも１つの突出部を設け、この突出部の上方と下方の少なくともいずれかに前記断熱材を密着させ、前記突出部の上面が地上の所定高さにあり、かつ前記突出部の下面が地面と略同じ高さ又は地下にあると共に、前記突出部の外側面における地上の所定高さから、この突出部の上方に密着した断熱材の少なくとも外側面全体を覆うように、セメントと細骨材とを含有する表面材を塗布したものである。
【００１７】
請求項１０の発明は、少なくとも前記突出部の外側面と前記断熱材の外側面との継目にラス網を取付けたものである。
【００１８】
請求項１１の発明は、建物の外周基礎の外側面に、この外周基礎の外側面に密着する断熱材の厚さと略同じ厚さでかつ外側面が前記断熱材の外側面と面一になるようにして周方向に延びる少なくとも１つの突出部を設け、この突出部の上方と下方の少なくともいずれかに前記断熱材を密着させると共に、少なくとも前記突出部の外側面と前記断熱材の外側面との継目にラス網を取付けたものである。
【００１９】
請求項１２の発明は、建物の外周基礎の外側面に、この外周基礎の外側面に密着する断熱材の厚さと略同じ厚さでかつ外側面が前記断熱材の外側面と面一になるようにして周方向に延びる少なくとも１つの突出部を設け、この突出部の上方と下方の少なくともいずれかに前記断熱材を密着させ、前記突出部の上面が地上の所定高さにあり、かつ前記突出部の下面が地面と略同じ高さ又は地下にあると共に、少なくとも前記突出部の外側面と前記断熱材の外側面との継目にラス網を取付けたものである。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図１乃至図４に示すように、第１実施形態に係る建物Ａの防蟻構造は、例えば、建物Ａの外周部分に設けられた外周立ち上がり部１と基礎スラブ２とを有するべた基礎３の外周立ち上がり部１の外側面１ａ、基礎スラブ２の外側面２ａ、及びこの基礎スラブ２の外側面２ａの下端に設けた突出部４に密着した断熱材５の内部をシロアリ６が通過して、軸組Ｂ及び床組Ｃへ侵入するのを物理的に防止するものであって、突出部４の外側面４ａから断熱材５の外側面５ａにおける地上の所定高さＬまでの範囲をステンレスメッシュ（シート材）７で被覆すると共に、ステンレスメッシュ７の下縁部７ｄから断熱材５の外側面５ａ全体と上面５ｃ全体を覆うようにモルタル（表面材）８を塗布したものである。
【００２３】
べた基礎３は、図１及び図２に示すように、建物Ａの外周部分に平面視で例えば矩形状等に施工された外周立ち上がり部１と、例えば外周部分２ｅが厚肉とされた基礎スラブ２とを有し、外周立ち上がり部１の内方に床下空間９が形成されている。
【００２４】
なお、外周立ち上がり部１の内方には、この実施形態のような間仕切として連続的に施工された立ち上がり部１０の他、独立の柱状体や束等を施工してもよい。また、基礎スラブ２の形状や施工高さ等も、特に限定されるものではない。
【００２５】
突出部４は、基礎スラブ２の外側面２ａの下端に設けられ、周方向に延びている。
【００２６】
断熱材５は、例えば合成樹脂発泡板等から構成され、外周立ち上がり部１の外側面１ａ、基礎スラブ２の外側面２ａ、及び突出部４に密着している。この断熱材５は、外周立ち上がり部１や基礎スラブ２等に接着剤等で接着したり、あるいは、基礎型枠の内方に且つ下方の割栗石１１等との間に突出部４形成用の隙間を開けて断熱材５のみ又はステンレスメッシュ７等を外側面５ａにあらかじめ取付けた断熱材５を配置した状態で基礎スラブ２等を打設する際にそのコンクリートに密着させたりすればよい。
【００２７】
断熱材５を基礎スラブ２等の打設により密着させる場合は、断熱材５とコンクリートとの密着が充分なものとなり、断熱性や防蟻性の面から更に好ましいものとなる。ここで、ステンレスメッシュ７等を外側面５ａにあらかじめ取付けた断熱材５を上記のようにして基礎型枠の内方に配置する場合において、ステンレスメッシュ７等の下縁部７ｄを断熱材５から下方に突出させておけば、基礎スラブ２の打設により形成される突出部４の外側面４ａ等にステンレスメッシュ７等の下縁部７ｄがより強固に密着するという利点がある。
【００２８】
シロアリ６とは、ゴキブリに近縁の社会生活をする不完全変態の昆虫であって、シロアリ目（等翅類）Isopteraの総称である。このようなシロアリ６としては、例えば、ヤマトシロアリやイエシロアリ等の各種のものが挙げられる。また、このシロアリ６は、図３に示すように、非変形性の堅い頭部６ａを有する一方、比較的柔らかくて弱い体部６ｂを有している。
【００２９】
ステンレスメッシュ７は、図４に示すように、シロアリ６の分泌物に耐性で且つ少なくとも約７０のショア硬度を有する耐腐食性材料であるステンレス鋼ワイヤー１２等から製織され、シロアリ６の頭部６ａの横断面における最大寸法Ｈの３倍以下の寸法である複数の編み目（アンカー孔）１３を有している。このようなステンレスメッシュ７としては、例えば、「ターミーメッシュ（ＴＥＲＭＩ−ＭＥＳＨ）」（商品名、ターミーメッシュ・オーストラリア社製）等を好適に使用することができる。
【００３０】
このステンレスメッシュ７は、例えば釘、ビス、ステーブル等の止着部材、接着剤や接着モルタル、あるいは断熱材５の外側面５ａへの埋設等によって、断熱材５にあらかじめ取付けられるか又は建物Ａの建築現場で取付けられる。前記止着部材を使用する場合には、この止着部材を例えば銅、亜鉛、黄銅等で構成したり、あるいはこれらを含有させたりして、シロアリ忌避効果を発揮させるようにしておいてもよい。
【００３１】
なお、シロアリバリアー材として使用されるシート材としては、このようなステンレスメッシュ７に限定されるものではなく、シロアリ６から放出されるギ酸等の分泌物に耐性で且つシロアリ６が噛み砕くことができない硬さ、好ましくは少なくとも約７０のショア硬度、又は噛み砕くことができない衝撃強さ等を有すると共に、使用環境下で数十年の耐用年数を有する耐腐食性材料で構成されていれば、種々のものを使用することができる。このようなシート材としては、例えば、セラミックス、ガラス、合成樹脂、金属等の繊維、フィラメント、ストランド等から製織又は製編等されたシートや不織布、あるいは金属板、金属シート、合成樹脂シート、ゴムシート等が挙げられる。
【００３２】
ここで、シート材が、編み目１３等の複数のアンカー孔を有する場合には、断熱材５に接着又は埋設する際に、アンカー効果によってこのシート材をより強固に一体化できるという利点がある。また、アンカー孔の寸法が前記最大寸法Ｈの２倍以下である場合には、シロアリ６の頭部６ａが通り抜けないか又は頭部６ａが通り抜けても柔らかい体部６ｂ等がアンカー孔に接触するような寸法であり、シロアリ６がそれを嫌うので、モルタル８等の表面材を塗布しない状態でもシロアリ６がシート材を通り抜けるのを確実に阻止できるという利点がある。更に、アンカー孔の寸法を比較的大きくできるので、シート材の材料コストを低減化できると共に、寸法精度も低くてよいために製造も簡単であるという利点がある。
【００３３】
なお、複数のアンカー孔を有するシート材としては、複数の編み目１３を有するステンレスメッシュ７の他、例えばアンカー孔を打ち抜いて形成したパンチングメタルや、あるいは複数のシャーリング溝によって形成されたアンカー孔を有する金属製又は合成樹脂製等のシート等が挙げられる。シート材の製品形状としては、面状の１枚品を多数使用してもよいが、施工性を考慮すると、ロール状の連続したものを使用するのが望ましい。なお、この実施形態のように、断熱材５の外側面５ａと突出部４の外側面４ａとが面一である場合は、シート材を折曲しないでフラットに取付けられるので、施工し易いという利点がある。
【００３４】
ここで、シロアリ６が断熱材５の内部へ侵入しようとする場合には、光・風等に弱いために地下１４からしか侵入できないので、突出部４の外側面４ａから断熱材５の外側面５ａにおける少なくとも地上の所定高さＬまでの範囲をステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材で被覆しておけば、断熱材５をシロアリ６による食害から保護することができる。そのため、断熱材５の内部をシロアリ６が通過して上方の軸組Ｂや床組Ｃへ侵入するのを防止できるという利点がある。
【００３５】
なお、高さＬとしては、地面１５から約５ｃｍ以上、より好ましくは約１０ｃｍ以上がよい。また、断熱材５は、少なくとも上記の範囲を被覆しておけばよいが、外側面５ａ全体等、必要に応じて他の範囲を被覆しておいてもよい。
【００３６】
モルタル８等の表面材は、少なくともセメントと細骨材とを含有しており、所定量の水を配合、混練した状態で塗布される。このような表面材としては、モルタル８の他、例えばセメントと砂等の細骨材とからなるセメント混合物に、例えばスチレンブタジエンゴム（ＳＢＲ）やポリビニル酢酸（ＰＶＡｃ）等の合成ポリマー等をベースとするセメント接着剤を添加した接着セメントや、あるいはこの接着セメントよりはセメント含有量が低いポリマーセメントと細骨材との混合物等が挙げられる。
【００３７】
セメントとしては、従来公知の種々のものが挙げられる。細骨材としては、例えば砂の他、ガラス粒子、ガラス短繊維、ガラスウィスカー等が挙げられる。
【００３８】
ここで、表面材にセメント接着剤等のポリマーを添加した場合には、表面材の強度、耐クラック性、接着性、水密性、耐摩耗性等を向上できるという利点がある。なお、セメント混合物としては、細骨材２〜３部に対してセメント１部程度の高いセメント含有量のものであることが望ましい。
【００３９】
更に、表面材には、必要に応じてシロアリ忌避剤を添加することもでき、この場合には、表面材がシロアリ６によって噛み破られる可能性をより低下させることができるという利点がある。なお、シロアリ忌避剤としては、例えば、亜鉛や銅、あるいは亜鉛化合物や銅化合物等が挙げられる。
【００４０】
セメントは、ステンレスメッシュ７や突出部４等と細骨材とをつなぐものであり、ステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材やコンクリート表面への接着性を付与するものである。
【００４１】
細骨材としては、編み目１３等のアンカー孔を通過できる大きさのものが好ましいが、余りに細かすぎるものは適当でない。これは、細骨材同士又は細骨材とステンレスメッシュ７等との距離が実質的に前記最大寸法Ｈの２倍以下となってシロアリ６の通過を防止するためである。なお、細骨材の配合量は特に限定されるものではなく、表面材がシロアリ６によって噛み破られないようにその大きさに応じて充分な量を配合しておけばよい。
【００４２】
このように、少なくともステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材にモルタル８等の表面材を塗布しておけば、シート材と断熱材５及び突出部４との間に隙間が形成されないので、断熱材５の内部へのシロアリ６の侵入を確実に防止できるという利点がある。
【００４３】
また、表面材をシート材に塗布する場合には、この実施形態のように、前記最大寸法Ｈの３倍以下の寸法である複数のアンカー孔を有するシート材を使用することができる。即ち、表面材に配合される細骨材同士又は細骨材とシート材との距離が実質的に前記最大寸法Ｈの２倍以下となってシロアリ６が通過できなくなるので、この場合も断熱材５の内部へのシロアリの侵入を防止できるという利点がある。なお、アンカー孔の寸法が前記最大寸法Ｈの３倍を超える場合には、シロアリ６が通過する可能性があるので、このようなシート材を使用するのは好ましくない。
【００４４】
更に、表面材を、突出部４の外側面４ａから断熱材５の外側面５ａ全体と上面５ｃ全体に塗布する場合には、上記のように断熱材５の内部へのシロアリ６の侵入を防止できると共に、断熱材５の外側面５ａ等のモルタル仕上げ等を行うことができるという利点がある。
【００４５】
図５及び図６に示すように、第２実施形態に係る建物Ａの防蟻構造は、第１実施形態の外周立ち上がり部１を施工しないで床下空間９を形成していない場合であり、例えば、建物Ａの周方向に延びる突出部４を外側面２２ａの下端に設けた基礎スラブ２２の前記外側面２２ａ及び突出部４に密着した断熱材５の内部をシロアリ６が通過して、基礎スラブ２２上に設置された軸組Ｂ及び床組Ｃへ侵入するのを物理的に防止するものであって、突出部４の外側面４ａから断熱材５の外側面５ａ全体をステンレスメッシュ７で被覆すると共に、このステンレスメッシュ７の下縁部７ｄから断熱材５の外側面５ａ全体と上面５ｃ全体を覆うようにモルタル８を塗布したものである。そのため、この実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様の効果がある。
【００４６】
図７及び図８に示すように、第３実施形態に係る建物Ａの防蟻構造は、例えば、第１実施形態より高さの大きい外周立ち上がり部３１と、外周部分３２ｅを外周立ち上がり部３１の外側面３１ａから外方へ突出する突出部４とした平板状の基礎スラブ３２とを有するべた基礎３３の外周立ち上がり部３１の外側面３１ａ及び突出部４に密着した断熱材５の内部をシロアリ６が通過して、軸組Ｂ及び床組Ｃへ侵入するのを物理的に防止するものであって、突出部４の外側面４ａから断熱材５の外側面５ａ全体をステンレスメッシュ７で被覆すると共に、このステンレスメッシュ７の下縁部７ｄから断熱材５の外側面５ａ全体と上面５ｃ全体を覆うようにモルタル８を塗布したものである。
【００４７】
そのため、この実施形態においても、第１及び第２実施形態と同様の効果がある。このように、基礎スラブ３２は、第１及び第２実施形態の場合よりも低い位置に施工してもよい。
【００４８】
なお、第２及び第３実施形態において、断熱材５の外側面５ａは、全体をステンレスメッシュ７等で被覆しなくてもよく、少なくとも地上の所定高さまでの範囲を被覆しておけばよい。また、モルタル８等の表面材も、少なくともステンレスメッシュ７等に塗布しておけばよい。
【００４９】
図９に示すように、第４実施形態に係る建物Ａの防蟻構造は、例えば、第１実施形態において、ステンレスメッシュ７の上縁部７ｃを外方へ折曲したものである。
【００５０】
そのため、この実施形態によれば、モルタル８とステンレスメッシュ７の間に、万が一、隙間が生じた場合でも、ステンレスメッシュ７の上縁部７ｃの折曲部分が障壁となって、シロアリ６がそれより上方へは登上できないという利点がある。
【００５１】
以上、第１乃至第４実施形態においては、断熱材５が突出部４に密着しているが、これに限定されるものではなく、断熱材５と突出部４との間に隙間があってもよい。
【００５２】
図１０に示すように、第５実施形態に係る外断熱基礎構造は、例えば、第１実施形態においてステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材を使用しない場合であって、突出部４の上面４ｃが地上の所定高さＬで且つ下面４ｄが地下１４に位置するように、突出部４を基礎スラブ２の外側面２ａ（外周基礎の外側面）の上端に設けたものである。
【００５３】
即ち、突出部４の上方に密着した断熱材５は地上の所定高さＬに位置しているので、断熱材５をシロアリ６による食害から保護することができる。そのため、断熱材５の内部をシロアリ６が通過して上方の軸組Ｂや床組Ｃへ侵入するのを防止できるという利点がある。
【００５４】
なお、高さＬとしては、既述のシート材の場合と同様、地面から約５ｃｍ以上、より好ましくは約１０ｃｍ以上がよい。また、突出部４の形成位置も基礎スラブ２に限定されるものではなく、外周立ち上がり部１の外側面１ａに設けておいてもよい。
【００５５】
ここで、断熱性をより向上させるためには、突出部４の下方にも断熱材５を密着させておくのが望ましい。また、突出部４の外側面４ａにおける地上の所定高さから、この突出部４の上方に密着した断熱材５の少なくとも外側面５ａ全体を覆うようにモルタル８等の表面材を塗布しておけば、断熱材５を紫外線等から保護するモルタル仕上げ等を行うことができると共に、下端が地上にある表面材と突出部４との間に隙間が生じた場合でも、シロアリ６が侵入することがないという利点がある。更に、この実施形態のように、少なくとも突出部４の外側面４ａと上方の断熱材５の外側面５ａとの継目にラス網５７を取付けておけば、表面材を塗布する場合に突出部４と断熱材５との間でひび割れが生じるのを防止できるという利点がある。
【００５６】
なお、突出部４としては、図１１に示すように、外周立ち上がり部１の外側面１ａから外方へ突出する基礎スラブ２，３２の外周部分２ｅ，３２ｅ等も含まれる。また、ここでいうところの外周基礎の外側面としては、基礎スラブ２，２２，３２の外側面２ａ，２２ａ，３２ａ、外周立ち上がり部１，３１の外側面１ａ，３１ａ、図１２乃至図１４のような建物Ａの外周部分に施工された布基礎５８の立ち上がり部５９の外側面５９ａ等が含まれる。
【００５７】
更に、突出部４は１つに限定されるものではなく、図１４に示すように、立ち上がり部５９の外側面５９ａ等、外周基礎の外側面に上下に２つ以上設けておいてもよい。この場合、ラス網５７等の上縁部５７ｃと下縁部５７ｄとを上下の突出部４に取付けることができるので、施工し易いという利点がある。また、第１乃至第４実施形態において、外周立ち上がり部１，３１の外側面１ａ，３１ａの上端や基礎スラブ２２の外側面２２ａの上端等にも更に突出部４を設けておけば、ステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材の上縁部７ｃと下縁部７ｄとを上下の突出部４に取付けることができるので、同様の効果がある。
【００５８】
以上のように、外周基礎の外側面に断熱材５の厚さと略同じ厚さで周方向に延びる少なくとも１つの突出部４を設けてなる外断熱用基礎としているので、突出部４の外側面４ａと断熱材５の外側面５ａとが面一の外断熱基礎構造を提供できる。また、このような外断熱基礎構造によれば、ステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材やラス網５７の取付け作業等が容易である。
【００５９】
また、第５実施形態のように、突出部４の上面４ｃが地上の所定高さＬにあり且つ下面４ｄが地面１５と略同じ高さ又は地下１４にある外断熱用基礎であれば、ステンレスメッシュ７等のシート材を使用しないでも防蟻効果のある外断熱基礎構造を提供できる。
【００６０】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、請求項１、請求項２、及び請求項３の発明によれば、突出部の外側面から少なくとも地上の所定高さまでの範囲をシート材で被覆しているので、断熱材をシロアリによる食害から保護できる。そのため、断熱材の内部をシロアリが通過して上方の軸組や床組へ侵入するのを防止できる。
【００６１】
請求項４の発明によれば、突出部の外側面と断熱材の外側面が面一であり、シート材を折曲しないでフラットに取付けられるので、施工し易い。
【００６２】
請求項５の発明によれば、シート材の上縁部を外方へ折曲しているので、表面材とシート材の間に、万が一、隙間が生じた場合でも、シート材の上縁部の折曲部分が障壁となって、シロアリがそれより上方へは登上できない。
【００６３】
請求項６の発明によれば、シート材が複数のアンカー孔を有するので、断熱材に接着又は埋設する際に、アンカー効果によってこのシート材をより強固に一体化できる。また、アンカー孔の寸法が少なくともいずれかの方向においてシロアリの頭部横断面における最大寸法の２倍以下であるので、表面材を塗布しない状態でもシロアリがシート材を通り抜けるのを確実に阻止できる。更に、アンカー孔の寸法を比較的大きくできるので、シート材の材料コストを低減化できると共に、寸法精度も低くてよいために製造も簡単である。
【００６４】
請求項７の発明によれば、少なくともシート材の表面に表面材を塗布しているので、シロアリの頭部横断面における最大寸法の３倍以下の寸法である複数のアンカー孔を有するシート材を使用でき、シート材の製造コストをより低減化できる。
【００６５】
請求項８の発明によれば、表面材を、断熱材の外側面全体、又は外側面全体と上面全体に塗布しているので、断熱材の外側面等のモルタル仕上げ等を行うことができる。
【００６６】
請求項９の発明によれば、突出部の上方に密着した断熱材の少なくとも外側面全体を覆うように表面材を塗布しているので、断熱材を紫外線等から保護するモルタル仕上げ等を行うことができると共に、下端が地上にある表面材と突出部との間に隙間が生じた場合でも、シロアリが侵入することがない。
【００６７】
請求項１０の発明によれば、請求項９の発明の効果に加えて、少なくとも突出部の外側面と断熱材の外側面との継目にラス網を取付けているので、表面材を塗布する場合に突出部と断熱材との間でひび割れが生じるのを防止できる。
【００６８】
請求項１１の発明によれば、突出部の外側面と断熱材の外側面とが面一であるので、ステンレスメッシュ等のシート材やラス網の取付け作業等が容易である。また、少なくとも突出部の外側面と断熱材の外側面との継目にラス網を取付けているので、表面材を塗布する場合に突出部と断熱材との間でひび割れが生じるのを防止できる。
【００６９】
請求項１２の発明によれば、突出部の上方に密着した断熱材が地上の所定高さに位置しているので、ステンレスメッシュ等のシート材を使用しないでも、断熱材をシロアリによる食害から保護できる。そのため、断熱材の内部をシロアリが通過して上方の軸組や床組へ侵入するのを防止できる。また、少なくとも突出部の外側面と断熱材の外側面との継目にラス網を取付けているので、表面材を塗布する場合に突出部と断熱材との間でひび割れが生じるのを防止できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】第１実施形態に係る建物の防蟻構造の縦断面図。
【図２】断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図３】（ａ）はシロアリの平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＹ−Ｙ線断面図。
【図４】ステンレスメッシュの要部拡大平面図。
【図５】第２実施形態に係る建物の防蟻構造の縦断面図。
【図６】断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図７】第３実施形態に係る建物の防蟻構造の縦断面図。
【図８】断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図９】第４実施形態に係る建物の防蟻構造における断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図１０】第５実施形態に係る外断熱基礎構造における断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図１１】基礎スラブの外周部分を突出部とした例を示す断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図１２】布基礎の立ち上がり部の外側面に突出部を設けた例を示す断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図１３】布基礎の立ち上がり部の外側面に突出部を設けた他の例を示す断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【図１４】布基礎の立ち上がり部の外側面に突出部を設けた他の例を示す断熱材付近の要部拡大縦断面図。
【符号の説明】
Ａ建物
Ｂ軸組
Ｃ床組
１外周立ち上がり部（外周基礎）
１ａ外側面
２基礎スラブ
２ａ外側面
２ｅ外周部分
３ベた基礎
４突出部
４ａ外側面
４ｃ上面
４ｄ下面
５断熱材
５ａ外側面
５ｃ上面
６シロアリ
６ａ頭部
７ステンレスメッシュ（シート材）
７ｃ上縁部
８モルタル（表面材）
１３編み目（アンカー孔）
１４地下
１５地面
２２基礎スラブ（外周基礎）
２２ａ外側面
３１外周立ち上がり部（外周基礎）
３１ａ外側面
３２基礎スラブ（外周基礎）
３２ａ外側面
３２ｅ外周部分
３３べた基礎
５７ラス網
５９立ち上がり部（外周基礎）
５９ａ外側面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to an ant-proof structure for a building that physically prevents termites from passing through the inside of a heat-insulating material used for the building's outer heat-insulating foundation and entering a shaft or floor structure, and to be used for this.OutsideIt relates to the heat insulation foundation structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional termite control techniques in buildings include, for example, (1) a method of treating the ground (soil) under the floor of a building and a xylem within 1 m of the ground with chemicals, and (2) monitoring the activity of termites. However, a bait method (less chemical method) is known in which termites that have invaded feed a poisonous bait containing a small amount of drug to eradicate it.
[0003]
However, in the conventional example (1) as described above, there is a problem such as chemical hypersensitivity caused by the drug, that is, the environment in the building is contaminated by the chemical substance.
[0004]
In addition, in the conventional example (2), the termites are fed with poisonous baits, and the vitality of the entire colony is reduced, so a long period of at least several months to two years is required from the start to the end. There is a problem that it takes.
[0005]
Therefore, in order to prevent these problems from occurring, (3) a physical construction method (chemical-free method) for constructing a physical barrier such as stainless mesh or crushed stone without using any chemicals has been proposed. As a barrier material used in this physical construction method, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2652902 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-506868, it is resistant to termite secretion and has at least about 70 shores. There is a termite barrier material which is made of a stitched sheet of corrosion-resistant material having hardness, and whose holes are smaller than the maximum dimension of the termite head cross-section to be controlled in any direction.
[0006]
The invention tries to solveSectionTitle]
  However, in the conventional example (3) as described above, it is not disclosed to protect the heat insulating material used for the heat insulating foundation from the damage caused by termites.
[0007]
  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can prevent building insulation that can protect thermal insulation materials from termite damage.antStructure and used for thisOutsideThe purpose is to provide a heat insulating foundation.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 relating to an ant proof structure of a building is a foundation slab provided with an outer peripheral rising portion provided at the outer peripheral portion of the building and a protruding portion extending in the circumferential direction at the lower end of the outer surface. Buildings that physically prevent termites from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer side surface of the outer peripheral rising portion of the solid foundation and the outer side surface of the foundation slab and entering the shaft group and the floor group. The sheet is made of a corrosion-resistant material that is resistant to termite secretions in a range from the outer surface of the protrusion to at least a predetermined height on the ground surface of the heat insulating material. It is coated with a material.
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a termite passes through the inside of the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer surface of the foundation slab provided with a projecting portion extending in the circumferential direction of the building on the lower end of the outer surface, and is installed on the foundation slab. A building ant proof structure that physically prevents intrusion into the shaft assembly and floor assembly, and a range from the outer surface of the protruding portion to at least a predetermined height on the outer surface of the heat insulating material, It is coated with a sheet material made of a corrosion-resistant material resistant to the termite secretions.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is the outer periphery of a solid foundation having an outer peripheral rising portion provided at an outer peripheral portion of a building and a foundation slab having an outer peripheral portion protruding outward from an outer surface of the outer peripheral rising portion. It is a building ant-proof structure that physically prevents termites from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material closely attached to the outer surface of the rising portion and entering the shaft assembly and the floor assembly, from the outer surface of the protruding portion. The outer surface of the heat insulating material covers at least a range up to a predetermined height on the ground with a sheet material made of a corrosion-resistant material resistant to the termite secretions.
[0011]
In invention of Claim 4, the outer surface of the said protrusion part and the outer surface of the said heat insulating material are flush | level.
[0012]
In the invention according to claim 5, the upper edge of the sheet material is bent outward.
[0013]
In the invention of claim 6, the sheet material has a plurality of anchor holes having a size that is not more than twice the maximum size of the termite head cross section in at least any direction.
[0014]
In the invention of claim 7, a surface material containing cement and fine aggregate is applied to at least the surface of the sheet material.
[0015]
In the invention according to claim 8, the surface material is applied so as to cover the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material, or the entire outer surface and the entire upper surface.
[0016]
  Also,Outside heat insulation foundation structureAccording to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation of the building is substantially the same as the thickness of the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation, and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the heat insulating material. Provide at least one protrusion extending in the circumferential direction so thatThe heat insulating material is in close contact with at least one of the upper and lower portions of the projecting portion, the upper surface of the projecting portion is at a predetermined height above the ground, and the lower surface of the projecting portion is at substantially the same height or underground as the ground. In addition, a surface material containing cement and fine aggregate is applied so as to cover at least the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material in close contact with the upper portion of the protruding portion from a predetermined height on the outer surface of the protruding portion. didIs.
[0017]
  Invention of Claim 10Is a structure in which a lath net is attached to a joint between at least the outer surface of the protrusion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material..
[0018]
  ContractIn the invention of claim 11, the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation of the building is substantially the same as the thickness of the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation, and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the heat insulating material. In this way, at least one projecting portion extending in the circumferential direction is provided.TheThe heat insulating material is closely attached to at least one of the upper part and the lower part of the protrusion.At the same time, a lath net is attached to a joint between at least the outer surface of the protrusion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material.It is a thing.
[0019]
  Invention of Claim 12Is the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation of the building, in the circumferential direction so that the outer surface is substantially the same thickness as the thickness of the heat insulating material closely contacting the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation, and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the heat insulating material At least one projecting portion extending to the projecting portion, and the heat insulating material is in close contact with at least one of the upper and lower portions of the projecting portion,The upper surface of the protrusion is at a predetermined height above the ground.And of the protrusionThe bottom surface is approximately the same height as the ground or undergroundIn addition, a lath net is attached to a joint between at least the outer surface of the protrusion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material..
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the ant-proof structure of the building A according to the first embodiment is, for example, a solid foundation 3 having an outer peripheral rising portion 1 and a foundation slab 2 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the building A. The termite 6 passes through the inside of the heat insulating material 5 in close contact with the outer surface 1a of the outer peripheral rising portion 1, the outer surface 2a of the foundation slab 2, and the protrusion 4 provided at the lower end of the outer surface 2a of the foundation slab 2, Stainless steel mesh is used to physically prevent the shaft assembly B and the floor assembly C from entering the range from the outer surface 4a of the protrusion 4 to the predetermined height L on the outer surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5. (Sheet material) 7 covered with stainless steel mesh 7edgeMortar (surface material) 8 is applied so as to cover the entire outer surface 5a and upper surface 5c of the heat insulating material 5 from the portion 7d.
[0023]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the solid foundation 3 is a foundation slab in which the outer peripheral rising part 1 constructed in a rectangular shape or the like in a plan view on the outer peripheral part of the building A and the outer peripheral part 2 e is thick, for example. 2 and an underfloor space 9 is formed inside the outer peripheral rising portion 1.
[0024]
In addition to the rising part 10 continuously constructed as a partition as in this embodiment, an independent columnar body, a bundle, or the like may be installed inside the outer peripheral rising part 1. Further, the shape and construction height of the foundation slab 2 are not particularly limited.
[0025]
The protrusion 4 is provided at the lower end of the outer surface 2a of the basic slab 2 and extends in the circumferential direction.
[0026]
The heat insulating material 5 is made of, for example, a synthetic resin foam plate or the like, and is in close contact with the outer surface 1 a of the outer peripheral rising portion 1, the outer surface 2 a of the basic slab 2, and the protruding portion 4. This heat insulating material 5 is bonded to the outer peripheral rising portion 1 or the foundation slab 2 with an adhesive or the like, or is used to form the protrusion 4 between the inside of the foundation formwork and the lower split stone 11 etc. When the foundation slab 2 or the like is placed in a state where the gap 5 is opened and the heat insulating material 5 in which only the heat insulating material 5 or the stainless mesh 7 or the like is attached in advance to the outer surface 5a is disposed, the base slab 2 may be brought into close contact with the concrete.
[0027]
In the case where the heat insulating material 5 is brought into close contact with the foundation slab 2 or the like, the heat insulating material 5 and the concrete are sufficiently in close contact with each other, which is more preferable in terms of heat insulating properties and ant-proof properties. Here, in the case where the heat insulating material 5 in which the stainless mesh 7 or the like is attached in advance to the outer side surface 5a is disposed inside the foundation mold as described above, the lower edge portion 7d of the stainless steel mesh 7 or the like is removed from the heat insulating material 5. Protruding downward has an advantage that the lower edge portion 7d such as the stainless steel mesh 7 is more firmly adhered to the outer surface 4a of the projecting portion 4 formed by placing the foundation slab 2.
[0028]
Termite 6 is an incompletely transformed insect living in a social life closely related to cockroaches, and is a collective term for termites (Isoptera) Isoptera. Examples of such termites 6 include various types of termites such as Yamato termites and termites. As shown in FIG. 3, the termite 6 has a non-deformable hard head 6a, and a relatively soft and weak body 6b.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 4, the stainless mesh 7 is woven from a stainless steel wire 12 or the like that is resistant to termite secretions and has a shore hardness of at least about 70. A plurality of stitches (anchor holes) 13 having a dimension that is not more than three times the maximum dimension H in the cross section of FIG. As such a stainless steel mesh 7, for example, “TERMI-MESH” (trade name, manufactured by Termy Mesh Australia) or the like can be preferably used.
[0030]
The stainless mesh 7 is attached to the heat insulating material 5 in advance by a fixing member such as a nail, a screw or a stable, an adhesive or an adhesive mortar, or embedded in the outer side surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5, or the building A. Installed at the construction site. When the fastening member is used, the fastening member may be made of, for example, copper, zinc, brass, or the like, or may contain these so as to exert a termite repellent effect. .
[0031]
In addition, as a sheet material used as a termite barrier material, it is not limited to such a stainless steel mesh 7, It is resistant to secretions, such as formic acid discharge | released from the termite 6, and the termite 6 cannot chew. As long as it is composed of a corrosion-resistant material having a hardness, preferably a Shore hardness of at least about 70, or an impact strength that cannot be chewed, and having a service life of several decades in the environment of use, Things can be used. As such a sheet material, for example, a sheet or nonwoven fabric woven or knitted from ceramics, glass, synthetic resin, metal, etc., filaments, strands, etc., or a metal plate, metal sheet, synthetic resin sheet, rubber A sheet etc. are mentioned.
[0032]
Here, when the sheet material has a plurality of anchor holes such as the stitches 13 and the like, there is an advantage that when the sheet material is bonded or embedded in the heat insulating material 5, the sheet material can be more firmly integrated by the anchor effect. In addition, when the dimension of the anchor hole is not more than twice the maximum dimension H, the head 6a of the termite 6 does not pass through or the soft body part 6b etc. contacts the anchor hole even if the head 6a passes through. Since the termites 6 dislike it, there is an advantage that the termites 6 can be surely prevented from passing through the sheet material even when the surface material such as the mortar 8 is not applied. Furthermore, since the size of the anchor hole can be made relatively large, there is an advantage that the material cost of the sheet material can be reduced, and the dimensional accuracy can be low, so that the manufacture is easy.
[0033]
The sheet material having a plurality of anchor holes includes, in addition to the stainless mesh 7 having a plurality of stitches 13, for example, a punching metal formed by punching the anchor holes, or an anchor hole formed by a plurality of shearing grooves. Examples thereof include a sheet made of metal or synthetic resin. As the product shape of the sheet material, a large number of planar single sheets may be used. However, in consideration of workability, it is desirable to use a continuous roll. In addition, when the outer side surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 and the outer side surface 4a of the protrusion 4 are flush with each other as in this embodiment, the sheet material is attached flat without being bent, so that it is easy to construct. There are advantages.
[0034]
Here, when the termite 6 tries to enter the inside of the heat insulating material 5, it can only enter from the basement 14 because it is weak against light, wind, etc., so the outer surface of the heat insulating material 5 from the outer surface 4 a of the protrusion 4. If the range up to a predetermined height L on the ground at 5a is covered with a sheet material such as a stainless mesh 7, the heat insulating material 5 can be protected from the damage caused by the termites 6. Therefore, there is an advantage that it is possible to prevent the termites 6 from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material 5 and entering the upper shaft set B and the floor set C.
[0035]
The height L is preferably about 5 cm or more from the ground 15, more preferably about 10 cm or more. The heat insulating material 5 may cover at least the above range, but may cover other ranges such as the entire outer surface 5a as necessary.
[0036]
The surface material such as mortar 8 contains at least cement and fine aggregate, and is applied in a state where a predetermined amount of water is blended and kneaded. As such a surface material, in addition to mortar 8, for example, a cement mixture made of fine aggregate such as cement and sand, a synthetic polymer such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or polyvinyl acetic acid (PVAc) is used as a base. Adhesive cement to which a cement adhesive is added, or a mixture of polymer cement and fine aggregate having a lower cement content than this adhesive cement.
[0037]
Examples of the cement include various conventionally known ones. Examples of the fine aggregate include sand, glass particles, short glass fibers, and glass whiskers.
[0038]
Here, when a polymer such as a cement adhesive is added to the surface material, there is an advantage that the strength, crack resistance, adhesiveness, water tightness, wear resistance and the like of the surface material can be improved. The cement mixture preferably has a high cement content of about 1 part of cement with respect to 2 to 3 parts of fine aggregate.
[0039]
Furthermore, a termite repellent can be added to the surface material as necessary. In this case, there is an advantage that the possibility of the surface material being bitten by the termite 6 can be further reduced. Examples of the termite repellent include zinc and copper, or zinc compounds and copper compounds.
[0040]
The cement connects the stainless mesh 7 and the protruding portion 4 and the fine aggregate, and provides adhesion to a sheet material such as the stainless mesh 7 and the concrete surface.
[0041]
As the fine aggregate, those having a size that can pass through the anchor holes such as the stitches 13 are preferable, but those that are too fine are not suitable. This is because the distance between the fine aggregates or between the fine aggregate and the stainless steel mesh 7 is substantially not more than twice the maximum dimension H to prevent the passage of the termites 6. In addition, the compounding quantity of a fine aggregate is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just to mix | blend sufficient quantity according to the magnitude | size so that a surface material may not be bitten by the termite 6. FIG.
[0042]
Thus, if a surface material such as mortar 8 is applied to at least a sheet material such as stainless steel mesh 7, no gap is formed between the sheet material and the heat insulating material 5 and the protruding portion 4. There is an advantage that termite 6 can be reliably prevented from entering the inside.
[0043]
In addition, when applying the surface material to the sheet material, a sheet material having a plurality of anchor holes having a size not more than three times the maximum dimension H can be used as in this embodiment. That is, the distance between the fine aggregates mixed in the surface material or between the fine aggregate and the sheet material is substantially twice or less than the maximum dimension H, so that the termites 6 cannot pass through. There is an advantage that termites can be prevented from entering the interior of the interior 5. In addition, since the termite 6 may pass when the dimension of an anchor hole exceeds three times the said maximum dimension H, it is not preferable to use such a sheet material.
[0044]
Furthermore, when the surface material is applied from the outer surface 4a of the protrusion 4 to the entire outer surface 5a and the entire upper surface 5c of the heat insulating material 5, it prevents the termites 6 from entering the heat insulating material 5 as described above. There is an advantage that mortar finishing of the outer surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 and the like can be performed.
[0045]
As shown in FIG.5 and FIG.6, the ant-proof structure of the building A which concerns on 2nd Embodiment is a case where the underfloor space 9 is not formed without constructing the outer periphery rising part 1 of 1st Embodiment, for example, The termite 6 passes through the outside surface 22a of the foundation slab 22 provided with the protruding portion 4 extending in the circumferential direction of the building A at the lower end of the outside surface 22a and the heat insulating material 5 in close contact with the protruding portion 4, and the foundation slab 22 physically prevents intrusion into the shaft group B and the floor group C installed on the surface 22 and covers the entire outer surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 from the outer surface 4a of the protrusion 4 with the stainless mesh 7. In addition, the mortar 8 is applied so as to cover the entire outer surface 5a and the entire upper surface 5c of the heat insulating material 5 from the lower edge portion 7d of the stainless mesh 7. Therefore, this embodiment also has the same effect as the first embodiment.
[0046]
As shown in FIG.7 and FIG.8, the ant-proof structure of the building A which concerns on 3rd Embodiment, for example, the outer periphery rising part 31 whose height is larger than 1st Embodiment, and the outer peripheral part 32e of the outer periphery rising part 31 Termite 6 is the inside of the outer surface 31a of the outer peripheral rising portion 31 of the solid foundation 33 having the flat base slab 32 formed as the protruding portion 4 protruding outward from the outer side surface 31a and the insulating material 5 in close contact with the protruding portion 4. Is physically prevented from entering the shaft set B and the floor set C, and the entire outer surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 is covered with the stainless steel mesh 7 from the outer surface 4a of the projecting portion 4. At the same time, the mortar 8 is applied so as to cover the entire outer surface 5a and the entire upper surface 5c of the heat insulating material 5 from the lower edge portion 7d of the stainless mesh 7.
[0047]
Therefore, this embodiment has the same effect as the first and second embodiments. Thus, you may construct the foundation slab 32 in a position lower than the case of 1st and 2nd embodiment.
[0048]
In the second and third embodiments, the outer surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 may not be entirely covered with the stainless steel mesh 7 or the like, and may be covered at least up to a predetermined height on the ground. Further, a surface material such as mortar 8 may be applied to at least stainless mesh 7 or the like.
[0049]
As shown in FIG. 9, the ant-proof structure of the building A according to the fourth embodiment is obtained by bending the upper edge portion 7c of the stainless mesh 7 outward in the first embodiment, for example.
[0050]
Therefore, according to this embodiment, even if a gap occurs between the mortar 8 and the stainless steel mesh 7, the bent portion of the upper edge portion 7c of the stainless steel mesh 7 becomes a barrier, and the termite 6 There is an advantage that it is not possible to climb further upward.
[0051]
As mentioned above, in 1st thru | or 4th embodiment, although the heat insulating material 5 was closely_contact | adhered to the protrusion part 4, it is not limited to this, There is a clearance gap between the heat insulating material 5 and the protrusion part 4. FIG. Also good.
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 10, the outer heat insulation basic structure according to the fifth embodiment is, for example, a case where a sheet material such as a stainless mesh 7 is not used in the first embodiment, and the upper surface 4c of the protrusion 4 is on the ground. The protrusion 4 is provided at the upper end of the outer surface 2a of the foundation slab 2 (the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation) so that the lower surface 4d is located in the basement 14 at a predetermined height L.
[0053]
That is, since the heat insulating material 5 adhered to the upper side of the protruding portion 4 is located at a predetermined height L on the ground, the heat insulating material 5 can be protected from the damage caused by the termites 6. Therefore, there is an advantage that it is possible to prevent the termites 6 from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material 5 and entering the upper shaft set B and the floor set C.
[0054]
The height L is about 5 cm or more, more preferably about 10 cm or more from the ground, as in the case of the sheet material described above. Further, the formation position of the protrusion 4 is not limited to the basic slab 2, and may be provided on the outer surface 1 a of the outer peripheral rising portion 1.
[0055]
Here, in order to further improve the heat insulating properties, it is desirable to keep the heat insulating material 5 in close contact with the lower portion of the protruding portion 4. Further, a surface material such as a mortar 8 may be applied so as to cover at least the entire outer surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 in close contact with the upper side of the protruding portion 4 from a predetermined height on the outer surface 4a of the protruding portion 4. For example, the mortar finish that protects the heat insulating material 5 from ultraviolet rays or the like can be performed, and the termite 6 may enter even when a gap is formed between the surface material having the lower end on the ground and the protruding portion 4. There is no advantage. Furthermore, if a lath net 57 is attached to the joint between at least the outer surface 4a of the protrusion 4 and the outer surface 5a of the upper heat insulating material 5 as in this embodiment, the protrusion 4 can be applied when a surface material is applied. There is an advantage that a crack can be prevented from occurring between the heat insulating material 5 and the heat insulating material 5.
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 11, the protruding portion 4 includes outer peripheral portions 2 e and 32 e of the basic slabs 2 and 32 protruding outward from the outer surface 1 a of the outer peripheral rising portion 1. Further, as the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation mentioned here, the outer surfaces 2a, 22a and 32a of the foundation slabs 2, 22, and 32, the outer surfaces 1a and 31a of the outer peripheral rising portions 1 and 31, and FIGS. The outer side surface 59a of the rising part 59 of the fabric foundation 58 constructed in the outer peripheral part of the building A is included.
[0057]
Furthermore, the number of protrusions 4 is not limited to one, and as shown in FIG. 14, two or more protrusions 4 may be provided on the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation such as the outer surface 59 a of the rising portion 59. In this case, since the upper edge portion 57c and the lower edge portion 57d of the lath net 57 and the like can be attached to the upper and lower protruding portions 4, there is an advantage that the construction is easy. Further, in the first to fourth embodiments, if the protrusions 4 are further provided on the upper ends of the outer surfaces 1a and 31a of the outer peripheral rising portions 1 and 31, the upper end of the outer surface 22a of the foundation slab 22, etc., the stainless mesh Since the upper edge portion 7c and the lower edge portion 7d of the sheet material such as 7 can be attached to the upper and lower protruding portions 4, the same effect is obtained.
[0058]
As described above, since the outer heat insulating base is provided with at least one protruding portion 4 extending in the circumferential direction with the same thickness as the heat insulating material 5 on the outer surface of the outer peripheral foundation, 4a and the outer side surface 5a of the heat insulating material 5 can provide the same outer heat insulation basic structure. Moreover, according to such an outer heat insulation basic structure, the attachment work of sheet materials, such as stainless steel mesh 7, and the lath net 57, etc. are easy.
[0059]
Further, as in the fifth embodiment, if the upper surface 4c of the protrusion 4 is at a predetermined height L on the ground and the lower surface 4d is substantially the same height as the ground 15 or the foundation for external heat insulation in the basement 14, stainless steel is used. Even without using a sheet material such as mesh 7, it is possible to provide an outer heat insulation basic structure having an ant-proof effect.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the inventions of claims 1, 2, and 3, the range from the outer surface of the protruding portion to at least the predetermined height on the ground is covered with the sheet material. Can protect against termite damage. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the termites from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material and entering the upper shaft set or floor set.
[0061]
According to invention of Claim 4, since the outer surface of a protrusion part and the outer surface of a heat insulating material are the same, and it attaches flat without bending a sheet | seat material, it is easy to construct.
[0062]
According to the invention of claim 5, since the upper edge portion of the sheet material is bent outward, even if a gap is generated between the surface material and the sheet material, the upper edge portion of the sheet material The bent part becomes a barrier, and termites cannot climb upwards.
[0063]
According to the invention of claim 6, since the sheet material has a plurality of anchor holes, the sheet material can be more firmly integrated by the anchor effect when bonded or embedded in the heat insulating material. Moreover, since the dimension of the anchor hole is not more than twice the maximum dimension of the termite head cross section in at least one direction, it is possible to reliably prevent the termite from passing through the sheet material even when the surface material is not applied. Furthermore, since the size of the anchor hole can be made relatively large, the material cost of the sheet material can be reduced, and the dimensional accuracy can be low, so that the manufacture is easy.
[0064]
According to the invention of claim 7, since the surface material is applied to at least the surface of the sheet material, the sheet material having a plurality of anchor holes having a size not more than three times the maximum size in the termite head cross section. It can be used, and the manufacturing cost of the sheet material can be further reduced.
[0065]
According to invention of Claim 8, since the surface material is apply | coated to the whole outer surface of a heat insulating material, or the whole outer surface and the whole upper surface, mortar finishing etc. of the outer surface etc. of a heat insulating material can be performed.
[0066]
  According to the invention of claim 9,Since the surface material is applied so as to cover at least the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material in close contact with the protruding portion, mortar finishing for protecting the heat insulating material from ultraviolet rays and the like can be performed, and the lower end is on the ground Termite will not invade even if there is a gap between the surface material and the protrusion..
[0067]
  According to the invention of claim 10,In addition to the effect of the invention of claim 9, since the lath net is attached at least to the seam between the outer surface of the protruding portion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material, when the surface material is applied, it is between the protruding portion and the heat insulating material. Can prevent cracking.
[0068]
  According to the eleventh aspect of the invention, since the outer side surface of the protrusion and the outer side surface of the heat insulating material are flush with each other, it is easy to attach a sheet material such as a stainless mesh or a lath net.In addition, since the lath net is attached to the joint between at least the outer surface of the protruding portion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material, it is possible to prevent cracking between the protruding portion and the heat insulating material when the surface material is applied.
[0069]
  According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, since the heat insulating material in close contact with the protruding portion is located at a predetermined height on the ground, the heat insulating material is protected from the damage caused by termites even without using a sheet material such as stainless steel mesh. it can. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the termites from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material and entering the upper shaft set or floor set.In addition, since the lath net is attached to the joint between at least the outer surface of the protruding portion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material, it is possible to prevent cracking between the protruding portion and the heat insulating material when the surface material is applied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a building ant protection structure according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a main part near a heat insulating material.
3A is a plan view of a termite, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 3A.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of a stainless mesh.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a building ant-proof structure according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part near a heat insulating material.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a building ant protection structure according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part near a heat insulating material.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part in the vicinity of a heat insulating material in an ant proof structure of a building according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 10 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing a main part near a heat insulating material in an outer heat insulating basic structure according to a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part in the vicinity of the heat insulating material showing an example in which the outer peripheral part of the foundation slab is a protruding part.
FIG. 12 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part in the vicinity of a heat insulating material showing an example in which a protrusion is provided on the outer surface of the rising part of the fabric foundation.
FIG. 13 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part in the vicinity of a heat insulating material showing another example in which a protrusion is provided on the outer surface of the rising part of the fabric foundation.
FIG. 14 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part in the vicinity of a heat insulating material showing another example in which a protrusion is provided on the outer surface of the rising part of the fabric foundation.
[Explanation of symbols]
A building
B axis
C floor set
1 Outer peripheral rise (outer periphery foundation)
1a outer surface
2 Basic slab
2a Outside surface
2e outer periphery
3 basics
4 Protrusion
4a outer surface
4c top surface
4d bottom
5 Insulation
5a External side
5c Top surface
6 Termites
6a head
7 Stainless steel mesh (sheet material)
7c Upper edge
8 Mortar (surface material)
13 stitch (anchor hole)
14 underground
15 ground
22 Foundation slab (outer foundation)
22a outer surface
31 Perimeter rising part (outer periphery foundation)
31a outer surface
32 Foundation slab (outer periphery foundation)
32a outer surface
32e outer periphery
33 solid foundation
57 Lath Net
59 Rising part (outer periphery foundation)
59a outer surface

Claims

On the outer surface of the outer peripheral rising portion of the solid foundation and the outer surface of the basic slab having an outer peripheral rising portion provided in the outer peripheral portion of the building and a foundation slab provided with a protruding portion extending in the circumferential direction at the lower end of the outer surface. A building ant-proof structure that physically prevents termites from passing through the insulative heat-insulating material and entering the shaft and floor assembly,
A range from the outer surface of the protrusion to at least a predetermined height on the outer surface of the heat insulating material is covered with a sheet material made of a corrosion-resistant material resistant to the termite secretion. Ant-proof structure of building.

A termite passes through the inside of the heat insulating material that is in close contact with the outer surface of the foundation slab provided with a projecting portion extending in the circumferential direction of the outer surface to the shaft assembly and floor assembly installed on the foundation slab. An ant-proof structure of a building that physically prevents intrusion,
A range from the outer surface of the protrusion to at least a predetermined height on the outer surface of the heat insulating material is covered with a sheet material made of a corrosion-resistant material resistant to the termite secretion. Ant-proof structure of building.

Adhering to the outer surface of the outer peripheral rising portion of the solid foundation having the outer peripheral rising portion provided on the outer peripheral portion of the building and the foundation slab having the outer peripheral portion protruding outward from the outer surface of the outer peripheral rising portion The termite structure of the building that physically prevents the termites from passing through the inside of the heat insulating material and entering the shaft assembly and the floor assembly,
A range from the outer surface of the protrusion to at least a predetermined height on the outer surface of the heat insulating material is covered with a sheet material made of a corrosion-resistant material resistant to the termite secretion. Ant-proof structure of building.

The ant-proof structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an outer side surface of the protruding portion and an outer side surface of the heat insulating material are flush with each other.

The ant-proof structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an upper edge portion of the sheet material is bent outward.

The building ant-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sheet material has a plurality of anchor holes having a dimension that is not more than twice the maximum dimension of the termite head cross section in at least one of the directions. .

The ant-proof structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a surface material containing cement and fine aggregate is applied to at least the surface of the sheet material.

The building ant-proof structure according to claim 7, wherein the surface material is applied so as to cover the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material, or the entire outer surface and the entire upper surface.

The outer peripheral surface of the building is extended in the circumferential direction so that the outer surface is substantially the same thickness as the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral foundation and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the heat insulating material. Providing at least one protrusion ,
Adhering the heat insulating material to at least one of the upper and lower portions of the protrusion,
The upper surface of the projecting portion is at a predetermined height on the ground, and the lower surface of the projecting portion is substantially the same height as the ground or underground,
A surface material containing cement and fine aggregate is applied so as to cover at least the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material in close contact with the upper portion of the protruding portion from a predetermined height on the outer surface of the protruding portion. Outside heat insulation foundation structure .

The outer heat insulation basic structure according to claim 9, wherein a lath net is attached to a joint between at least the outer surface of the protrusion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material .

The outer peripheral surface of the building is extended in the circumferential direction so that the outer surface is substantially the same thickness as the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral foundation and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the heat insulating material. Providing at least one protrusion ,
While adhering the heat insulating material to at least one of the upper and lower of the protrusion,
An outer heat insulating basic structure in which a lath net is attached to a joint between at least the outer surface of the protrusion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material .

The outer peripheral surface of the building is extended in the circumferential direction so that the outer surface is substantially the same thickness as the heat insulating material in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral foundation and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the heat insulating material. Providing at least one protrusion,
Adhering the heat insulating material to at least one of the upper and lower portions of the protrusion,
The upper surface of the projecting portion is at a predetermined height on the ground, and the lower surface of the projecting portion is substantially the same height as the ground or underground,
An outer heat insulating basic structure in which a lath net is attached to a joint between at least the outer surface of the protrusion and the outer surface of the heat insulating material .