JP3665862B2 - Tungsten anode for discharge lamp - Google Patents

Tungsten anode for discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3665862B2
JP3665862B2 JP2000241035A JP2000241035A JP3665862B2 JP 3665862 B2 JP3665862 B2 JP 3665862B2 JP 2000241035 A JP2000241035 A JP 2000241035A JP 2000241035 A JP2000241035 A JP 2000241035A JP 3665862 B2 JP3665862 B2 JP 3665862B2
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Prior art keywords
anode
tungsten
oxide
discharge lamp
lamp
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JP2000241035A
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JP2002056807A (en
Inventor
直義 秋吉
清幸 長谷川
克芳 赤羽根
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Toho Kinzoku Co Ltd
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Toho Kinzoku Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、キセノンランプや超高圧水銀灯ランプ等の直流で点灯されるショートアーク放電灯の陽極に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
キセノンランプや超高圧水銀灯ランプ等、直流で点灯されるショートアーク放電灯は、その放電中に消費電力の大きな陽極表面及びその近傍が高温になるため、タングステンが再結晶して結晶粒子が次第に粗大化する。陽極のタングステン結晶粒子が粗大化すると、特定の結晶面を持つ結晶粒にアークが集中し、アークの分布が不均一となって、特定の結晶面を持つ結晶粒が飛来する電子によって選択的にアタックされるようになる。このため、陽極表面が粗になって、アークの揺らぎが大きくなり、それがある程度進行した時にランプの寿命となる。
【0003】
近年、ランプの光源への安定性に対する要求が厳格化し、従来の純タングステンやドープタングステン陽極では、陽極表面の損耗によるアークの揺らぎからランプが寿命となる場合が増えている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑み、従来の電極に比べて再結晶温度が高く、放電中の高温にさらされても再結晶が起こりにくく、しかも、再結晶組織が微細な陽極電極を提供することを課題としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明はつぎのような陽極電極を提供する。すなわち、本発明にかかる放電灯用タングステン陽極電極は、酸化ランタン、酸化イットリウム、酸化セリウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を総量で0.01〜0.3重量%含有し、残部が実質的にタングステンであることを特徴としている。
【0006】
本発明は、酸化ランタン(La23 )、酸化イットリウム(Y23 )、酸化セリウム(CeO2 )等の高融点酸化物をタングステンの結晶粒界に分散させることにより再結晶を抑制する。すなわち、この種の酸化物をタングステンの結晶粒界へ分散させることにより、タングステンの再結晶温度は上昇し、陽極が高温になっても粒子成長が抑制され、その結果アーク分布は均一になる。例えば、従来の陽極材料の再結晶温度は1600〜1800℃であるが、本発明のものは再結晶温度が1800〜2000℃と高くなる。このため、陽極寿命が長く、ランプ寿命も長くなるのである。ただし、酸化物の量は、陰極におけるように熱電子放出性を向上させることを目的とするものではないので、陰極における含有量(例えば2%程度)よりも少量でよい。この酸化物の量が多過ぎると、系内を汚染する恐れが生じる。逆に酸化物の量が少な過ぎると初期の効果は得られない。本発明者の実験によれば、酸化物の含有量は、総量で0.01〜0.3重量%とするのが好ましかった。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。図1は放電灯の1種であるキセノンランプの構成を表す説明図であって、このキセノンランプ1は石英バルブ2の内部に陰極3と陽極4が設けられ、石英バルブ2の内部にはキセノンガスが封入されている。陽極4は図2に示すように、円柱状の本体4aにリード棒5が接続されており、本体4aの先端部は平らな頂面4bを有する円錐状に成形されている。なお、陽極の先端部は、半球状であってもよい。
【0008】
上記陰極3と陽極4とは共にタングステンを主成分とするもので、このうち陰極3はトリウムが添加されたトリエーテッドタングステンである。一方、陽極4は、タングステンに上記酸化ランタン(La23 )、酸化イットリウム(Y23 )、酸化セリウム(CeO2 )等の高融点酸化物の1種又は2種以上が微量に添加されたものである。これら高融点酸化物の添加量は、総量で0.01〜0.3重量%である。
【0009】
この陽極4は、公知の粉末冶金法によって製造することができる。すなわち、タングステン粉末に上記高融点酸化物粉末を添加混合し、プレス成形と燒結を行ってインゴットとした後、鍛造、機械加工等の必要な加工を施して所定形状とする。なお、タングステン粉末に対する高融点酸化物の添加は、粉末で添加混合する方法のほか、塩化物、酸化物等の化合物溶液をタングステン粉末に添加し、再度還元を行う方法を採用することもできる。
【0010】
原料であるタングステン粉末は、純タングステン粉末でもよいが、アルミニウム、カリウム、ケイ素等の化合物(ドープ剤)を微量に添加したいわゆるドープタングステン粉末を用いる方が高温特性が優れているので好ましい。粉末の粒度は、一般に粉末冶金で用いられる粒度であり、通常は数ミクロン乃至数十ミクロンである。また、成形圧力は所望の強度の成形体が得られる圧力であり、通常は1500kgf/cm2 程度である。さらに上記燒結温度は、通常は約3000℃以上である。燒結温度が低いと十分な密度が得られず、陽極としての使用に適さない。なお、燒結後における上記ドープ剤の残存量は、カリウム(K)が主であり全部で60ppm程度である。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例及び比較例により本発明の特徴をより明確に説明する。高融点酸化物を添加したタングステンの陽極を以下の手順で試作し、その性能を調べた。以下の各実施例及び比較例においては、K2 SiO3 及びAl(NO33 を水溶液で添加したドープタングステン粉末を使用した。このタングステン粉末に各種高融点酸化物を添加し、常法にしたがって、プレス成形、燒結、鍛造等の工程により丸棒を製作し、これに機械加工を施して直径20mmの丸棒状の陽極とした。添加した高融点酸化物の種類と量は表1に示すとおりである。なお、比較例として、高融点酸化物を添加しない従来のドープタングステンの陽極を製作した。
【0012】
得られた陽極を用いて実際に放電を行い、その性能を調べた結果を表1に示す。放電条件は、電極間距離が4mm、雰囲気はキセノンガス雰囲気、内圧は点灯時20気圧とし、陰極として従来と同様のトリエーテッドタングステン電極を使用した。性能の評価方法として、放電開始前の結晶粒径と放電後の結晶粒径を比較した。各サンプルの寿命の目安は表1に示すとおりである。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003665862
【0014】
同表からわかるように、本発明の実施例の陽極はいずれも結晶粒子成長が少なく、長寿命が得られた。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明にかかるタングステン陽極は、高融点酸化物を適量含有させることにより、放電寿命を向上させることができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】キセノンランプの構造を表す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 キセノンランプ
2 石英バルブ
3 陰極
4 陽極[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an anode of a short arc discharge lamp that is lit by a direct current, such as a xenon lamp or an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Short arc discharge lamps, such as xenon lamps and ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, that are lit by direct current, have a high temperature on the surface of the anode, which consumes a large amount of power, and the vicinity of the anode. Turn into. When the tungsten crystal grains of the anode become coarse, the arc concentrates on the crystal grains having a specific crystal plane, the arc distribution becomes non-uniform, and the crystal grains having the specific crystal plane are selectively used by the flying electrons. Be attacked. For this reason, the anode surface becomes rough, the fluctuation of the arc becomes large, and the life of the lamp is reached when it progresses to some extent.
[0003]
In recent years, the demand for the stability of the lamp to the light source has become stricter, and in the case of conventional pure tungsten or doped tungsten anodes, the life of the lamp has increased due to the fluctuation of the arc due to wear of the anode surface.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides an anode electrode having a recrystallization temperature higher than that of a conventional electrode, hardly causing recrystallization even when exposed to a high temperature during discharge, and having a fine recrystallized structure. Is an issue.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following anode electrode. That is, the tungsten anode electrode for a discharge lamp according to the present invention contains 0.01 to 0.3% by weight in total of one or more of lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, and cerium oxide, with the balance being substantially the same. It is characterized by being tungsten.
[0006]
The present invention suppresses recrystallization by dispersing refractory oxides such as lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), etc. at the grain boundaries of tungsten. . That is, by dispersing this kind of oxide in the grain boundary of tungsten, the recrystallization temperature of tungsten rises, and even if the anode becomes high temperature, grain growth is suppressed, and as a result, the arc distribution becomes uniform. For example, the recrystallization temperature of the conventional anode material is 1600 to 1800 ° C., but the recrystallization temperature of the present invention is as high as 1800 to 2000 ° C. For this reason, the anode life is long and the lamp life is also long. However, since the amount of oxide is not intended to improve thermionic emission as in the cathode, it may be smaller than the content in the cathode (for example, about 2%). If the amount of this oxide is too large, the system may be contaminated. Conversely, if the amount of oxide is too small, the initial effect cannot be obtained. According to the experiment by the present inventors, it was preferable that the total content of the oxide was 0.01 to 0.3% by weight.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a xenon lamp which is a kind of discharge lamp. The xenon lamp 1 is provided with a cathode 3 and an anode 4 inside a quartz bulb 2, and the xenon inside the quartz bulb 2. Gas is sealed. As shown in FIG. 2, the anode 4 has a lead body 5 connected to a columnar body 4a, and the tip of the body 4a is formed in a conical shape having a flat top surface 4b. The tip of the anode may be hemispherical.
[0008]
Both the cathode 3 and the anode 4 are mainly composed of tungsten, and the cathode 3 is triated tungsten to which thorium is added. On the other hand, the anode 4 is added with a small amount of one or more refractory oxides such as lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), etc. to tungsten. It has been done. The total amount of these refractory oxides added is 0.01 to 0.3% by weight.
[0009]
The anode 4 can be manufactured by a known powder metallurgy method. That is, the high melting point oxide powder is added to and mixed with tungsten powder, pressed and sintered to form an ingot, and then subjected to necessary processing such as forging and machining to obtain a predetermined shape. In addition to the method of adding and mixing the high melting point oxide to the tungsten powder, a method of adding a compound solution such as a chloride or an oxide to the tungsten powder and reducing it again can be employed.
[0010]
The tungsten powder as a raw material may be a pure tungsten powder, but it is preferable to use a so-called doped tungsten powder to which a compound (doping agent) such as aluminum, potassium, or silicon is added in a very small amount because of high temperature characteristics. The particle size of the powder is a particle size generally used in powder metallurgy, and is usually several microns to several tens of microns. The molding pressure is a pressure at which a molded body having a desired strength can be obtained, and is usually about 1500 kgf / cm 2 . Further, the sintering temperature is usually about 3000 ° C. or higher. If the sintering temperature is low, a sufficient density cannot be obtained and it is not suitable for use as an anode. The residual amount of the dopant after sintering is mainly potassium (K) and is about 60 ppm in total.
[0011]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be described more clearly by way of examples and comparative examples of the present invention. A tungsten anode to which a high melting point oxide was added was prototyped according to the following procedure, and its performance was examined. In the following examples and comparative examples, doped tungsten powder to which K 2 SiO 3 and Al (NO 3 ) 3 were added in an aqueous solution was used. Various high melting point oxides were added to this tungsten powder, and a round bar was produced by press molding, sintering, forging, etc. according to a conventional method, and this was machined to obtain a round bar-shaped anode having a diameter of 20 mm. . Table 1 shows the kind and amount of the refractory oxide added. As a comparative example, a conventional doped tungsten anode to which no high melting point oxide was added was manufactured.
[0012]
Table 1 shows the results obtained by actually discharging the obtained anode and examining its performance. The discharge conditions were such that the distance between the electrodes was 4 mm, the atmosphere was a xenon gas atmosphere, the internal pressure was 20 atm when turned on, and a conventional tungsten electrode as the cathode was used. As a performance evaluation method, the crystal grain size before the start of discharge and the crystal grain size after discharge were compared. The standard of the life of each sample is as shown in Table 1.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003665862
[0014]
As can be seen from the table, all of the anodes of the examples of the present invention had little crystal grain growth and a long life.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, the tungsten anode according to the present invention was able to improve the discharge life by containing an appropriate amount of a high melting point oxide.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a xenon lamp.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Xenon lamp 2 Quartz bulb 3 Cathode 4 Anode

Claims (1)

酸化ランタン、酸化イットリウム、酸化セリウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を総量で0.01〜0.3重量%含有し、残部が実質的にタングステンである放電灯用タングステン陽極。A tungsten anode for a discharge lamp, comprising one or more of lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, and cerium oxide in a total amount of 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, with the balance being substantially tungsten.
JP2000241035A 2000-08-09 2000-08-09 Tungsten anode for discharge lamp Expired - Fee Related JP3665862B2 (en)

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Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005285676A (en) * 2004-03-30 2005-10-13 Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd Electrode for discharge lamp
WO2005104165A1 (en) 2004-04-21 2005-11-03 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps
JP4696697B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2011-06-08 ウシオ電機株式会社 Super high pressure mercury lamp
JP5672580B1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672577B1 (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672584B1 (en) * 2014-05-26 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672581B1 (en) * 2014-03-18 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672573B1 (en) * 2013-11-22 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672585B1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672578B1 (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
US9548196B2 (en) * 2013-06-24 2017-01-17 Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge lamp
JP5668796B2 (en) * 2013-06-25 2015-02-12 ウシオ電機株式会社 Cathode and discharge lamp for discharge lamp
JP5672576B1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
JP5672571B2 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-18 ウシオ電機株式会社 Discharge lamp
CN103658655B (en) * 2013-12-25 2015-12-09 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 A kind of production method of xenon lamp tungsten anode
CN105219388A (en) * 2015-09-21 2016-01-06 中国计量学院 A kind of Er ions lanthanum yttrium oxide luminescent material and preparation method thereof

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