【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、住宅等の建築物の外壁を、通気性及び断熱性に優れた新規な構造とし、施工容易、且つ省エネルギー化された建築物を提供せんとするものであり、建築の技術分野に属するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般的な住宅の外壁の断熱構造としては、主に構造体を形成する縦材（柱、間柱）と横材（梁、土台）で規定する壁空間に断熱材等を配置する充填断熱と、外壁構造体の外周部に断熱材を配置する外張断熱とが存在し、充填断熱は、壁厚を大きくせずとも充分な断熱材厚と出来る利点がある。
【０００３】
〔従来例１（図９）〕
図９は、従来の一般的な充填断熱施工の説明図であって、（Ａ）は斜視図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
図から明らかな如く、室外側の柱、間柱（縦材）面上に薄いベニヤ板等の防風層を張設し、次いで、室内側から各縦材間に断熱材を充填し、断熱材への室内側からの水蒸気を遮断するための防湿フィルム（防湿シート）を施工して内面材を釘で張設する。
【０００４】
次いで、室外側には、各縦材（柱、間柱）表面に防風層上から通気用下地材を固定し、外装材（外壁材）を通気用下地材に張設し、防風層と外装材との間に通気層を形成する。
従って、外壁は各柱（縦材）間に断熱材が充填され、該断熱材には、室内側からの湿気が防湿フィルムによって遮断され、室外側表面の防風層によって吸放湿可能兼防水状態に保護されることとなり、通気層での外気の導通によって外壁内の結露も阻止出来る。
【０００５】
〔従来例２（図１０）〕
図１０は、特開平９−１８４２１３号公報に開示された外壁断熱構造であって、断熱材のクッション性によって通気層が埋まる問題を解決するものであり、柱間にグラスウール、ロックウール等の無機繊維断熱材を、透湿シートで周側面及び室外側表面を保護して充填し、室内側には防湿シートを張設し、室外側には、柱表面に縦胴縁を固定して縦胴縁間にハニカム構造の通気部材を嵌入し、通気部材の上面（表面）に外壁材を張設するものである。
即ち、従来例１に於ける通気層内にハニカム構造の通気部材を介在させたものである。
【０００６】
そして、ハニカム構造通気部材は、透湿防水性を備えた外壁下地材としての外壁側面材と、透湿防水性の不織布シート防水加工紙から成る内壁側面材とを折り曲げ可能な連結材でハニカム状に連結し、通気路を両面材間の連結材間によって形成保持したものである。
従って、外壁材と断熱材間には断熱材のクッション性によっても埋没することのない通気路が確保出来、通気性と断熱性を兼備した外壁構造となる。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図９の従来例１の如き一般的な充填断熱施工にあっては、工数が多くて施工が煩雑であり、断熱材層の変位によって通気層が埋没する恐れがある。
しかも、断熱材は伝導熱遮断機能を発揮するため、断熱材層を厚くして断熱機能を高めれば蓄熱機能も高まり、例えば夜間に外気温が低下しても、断熱材は蓄熱体として長時間室内側へ蓄熱量を放出し続けることとなり、室内の冷房エネルギーの負荷となる。
【０００８】
また、図１０の従来例２の外壁断熱構造にあっても、断熱材の透湿シートによる保護、充填、及び縦胴縁を柱に固定した後の通気部材の嵌入取付け等が煩雑であり、しかも、通気部材は単に通気路を確保するだけのものであって断熱機能は断熱材のみが発揮するため、断熱壁厚は断熱材厚＋通気部材厚となり壁厚が大きくなる欠点がある。その上、断熱材の機能は、従来例１と同様に、高温外気を受けて伝導熱遮断するため、断熱材中に負荷熱が蓄熱されることとなり、従って、断熱材は、外気温が低下しても蓄熱体として室内側へ長時間にわたって放熱することとなる。
【０００９】
本発明は、これら従来例１，２では全く着目されていない、外壁への外部からの加熱のうち、断熱材表面への熱線加熱を遮熱材で遮断して断熱材の輻射熱加熱を阻止し、遮熱材層直下の断熱材に対する熱的負荷を軽減すると共に、遮熱材に構造用の面材を付設し、各従来例では予想すら出来なかった、高断熱、低蓄熱、且つ結露防止能を発揮する画期的な外壁断熱構造、及び、外壁用の断熱パネルを提供するものである。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段、及び作用】
例えば、図１，図２に示す如く、柱５、間柱５０等の縦材と、横架材６、土台材６０等の横材で形成した壁空間Ｗｓ（図４）内の室内側には、断熱材３を配置し、断熱材３室外側表面には、少なくとも上面シート２１及び下面シート２２を含む上下複数のシート２１，２２，２３から成り、各シート２１，２２，２３間には空気層空間Ｓ１を備え、且つ少なくとも下面シート２２が輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備え、シート表面での輻射熱反射作用を奏する遮熱材２を、下面シート２２と断熱材３表面との密接形態で、且つ、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端縁２Ｅが各横材６，６０と間隔Ｄを保つように配置し、上下端に空気連通用の孔Ｏ４を備えた面材４を遮熱材２の室外側表面に、且つ、孔Ｏ４が断熱材３上の間隔Ｄ上に位置するように、縦材５，５０及び／又は横材６，６０表面を介して張設し、面材４表面に通気層Ｓ０を介在して外壁材８を張設し、各空気層空間Ｓ１と通気層Ｓ０との水蒸気連通を可能とすると共に、断熱材３室外側の実質上全表面を遮熱材２によって被覆保護した外壁断熱構造である。
【００１１】
尚、通気層Ｓ０は、好適には、図２の如く、縦材５，５０の表面に防風層（透湿防水シート）９を張設し、縦材５，５０の防風層９上に通気胴縁材７を用いて外壁材８を取付けて、外壁材８と防風層９間に形成するが、防風層９は必須でなく、面材４を適切に選択すれば、防風層９は不要と出来、通気層Ｓ０が遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１と水蒸気連通可能であれば良い。
また、面材４は、地震、風等の横からの応力に対向する構造材であって、構造用合板、シージングボード等の透湿性面板や、パーティクルボード、構造用パネル等の非透湿性面板の採用が可能であり、遮熱材２を嵌め込んだ後に張設しても良いが、遮熱材２を予め面材４と止着した後、張設するのが作業上好都合である。
【００１２】
また、面材４の張設は、構造材としての機能を発揮させるために、通常は縦材及び横材に釘打ち張設するが、面材４の強度及び軸組みの強度に応じて、縦材のみへの釘打ち、又は横材のみへの釘打ちも可能であり、縦材のみへの釘打ちの際は、面材４の上下端に水蒸気連通用の隙間の形成が可能となる。
また、遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１は、遮熱材２が上面シート２１と下面シート２２のみの２層形態で１層の空気層空間Ｓ１を形成しても、或いはシートが多層形態（３層以上）で複数層の空気層空間Ｓ１を形成しても良いが、遮熱材２内部の湿気（水蒸気）を放出するためにも、輻射熱反射作用を有効発揮するためにも、少なくとも１層の空気層空間Ｓ１は必須である。
【００１３】
また、遮熱材２の下面シート２２と断熱材３表面との「密接形態」は、下面シート２２と断熱材３表面が、界面に空気層の生じない形態を意味し、両者が、面接着している場合も、押圧状に密接している場合も含む広い意味である。
また、「断熱材３の室外側の実質上全表面を遮熱材によって被覆保護」は、断熱材３表面への輻射熱阻止作用が全表面被覆の場合と略同一である場合の被覆保護形態をも含むものであり、断熱材３の両端部が、間隔Ｄによって下面シート２２から若干露出する場合をも含む意味である。
また、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅは下面シート２２のみであっても断熱材３の表面への輻射熱による伝達が阻止出来るため、下面シート２２表面への輻射熱反射層Ｒｅ付与は必須であるが、下面シート２２以外のシート２１，２３等にも輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを付与すれば、断熱材３の熱負荷軽減効果はより大となる。
【００１４】
また、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅは、アルミ蒸着膜等の熱線反射層でも良いが、アルミ箔の如き熱線反射能を有する金属箔層が微視的に平坦面であって正反射をする点、シート材との接着で容易に形成出来る点より有利であり、特にアルミ箔の採用が機能面、コスト面、製作加工面からも有利である。
また、断熱材３としてはグラスウール系断熱材、ロックウール系断熱材、グラスウール圧縮板、合成樹脂発泡板状断熱材等、慣用の各種断熱材の採用が可能である。
【００１５】
また、遮熱材２が断熱材３への負荷蓄熱を軽減するためには、輻射熱反射作用の発揮のみが重要であり、空気層空間Ｓ１の空気対流は必要でないが、遮熱材２及び断熱材３での結露防止のために、空気層空間Ｓ１と面材４外部の空気層Ｓ０との水蒸気（湿気）の透過は必要である。
そして、面材４には図４に示す如く、空気流通用の孔Ｏ４を上下に設け、遮熱材２を断熱材３より短寸として断熱材３の両端の延長部Ｌ３（図３）上では上面シート２１及び中間シート２３が存在しないような形態として空気層空間Ｓ１の端部に空間Ｏｓを形成し、面材４の空間Ｏｓ上に空気流通用の孔Ｏ４を形成したため、面材４が、例え非透湿性材料であっても、空気層空間Ｓ１と通気層Ｓ０との水蒸気連通は保障出来る。
また、上面シート２１及び中間シート２３を全面のピンホールｈ等で透湿性とし、面材４にも透湿性材を選定し、面材４と上面シート２１とを点状又は線状の接着剤付与により透湿性の接着としても良い。
【００１６】
従って、本発明の断熱構造にあっては、遮熱材２の少なくとも下面シート２２が輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを有するため、断熱材３への室外側からの輻射熱加熱が阻止出来て、断熱材３への室外側からの加熱は、対流熱伝達、及び伝導熱伝達のみとなり、同時に空気層空間Ｓ１と面材４外側の通気層Ｓ０との水蒸気連通によって面材４及び遮熱材２の結露が防止出来て、遮熱材２の結露汚染による輻射熱反射機能低下が抑制出来るため、面材４の吸湿腐蝕防止と、断熱材３の加熱蓄熱軽減が長期に亘って維持出来、熱伝達の３要素、即ち、伝導、対流、輻射の３要素全てに対処した、且つ高耐久性の高断熱、低蓄熱の画期的な高性能断熱構造が得られる。
【００１７】
そして、遮熱材２は、断熱材３と面材４との挟着形態であるため、汚染や変形が保護され、断熱材３、又は面材４と一体化層着しておけば施工が容易であり、予め断熱材３、遮熱材２、及び面材４を一体化しておけば一層容易となる。
しかも、面材は、構造材として縦材５，５０及び横材６，６０に釘打ち等で固定するため、遮熱材２の外面が縦材５，５０の表面から突出することなく、外壁構造の厚み増大が抑制出来る。
即ち、遮熱材２の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅによって断熱材３への加熱負荷が軽減出来て、断熱材自体も肉厚が薄く出来、遮熱材２と断熱材３との合計厚みを従来の同材質の断熱材のみと略同厚と出来るため、低蓄熱且つ高断熱の高性能断熱構造であるにかかわらず、従来の断熱材スペースに収納出来、外壁厚が従来の外壁厚と略同厚に形成出来る。
【００１８】
そして、面材４が、遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１と通気層Ｓ０との空気連通を保証する孔Ｏ４を備えているため、面材４としては、構造用合板やシージングボード等の透湿材のみならず、パーティクルボード、ハードボード、構造用パネル等の非透湿性材の使用も可能であり、遮熱材２の各シートに、例えば図７の如く空気孔Ｏ２を設けて面材４の孔Ｏ４と遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１を空気連通形態に構成することにより、遮熱材２中にも図２（Ｂ）の如く空気流Ａ１が生じ、遮熱材２は、輻射熱反射作用で生じた熱量の通気層Ｓ０へ放出が可能となり、外壁構造の断熱機能及び蓄熱阻止機能がより向上する。
【００１９】
そして、遮熱材２は、図２の如く、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端縁、即ち、上面シート２１及び中間シート２３の両端縁が各横材６，６０と間隔Ｄを保つように配置したため、下面シート２２による断熱材３の被覆保護は、下面シート２２を上面シート２１や中間シート２３より延長形態として、断熱材３の表面を全面被覆するのが、断熱材３への輻射熱阻止上好ましいが、遮熱材の空気層空間Ｓ１の各横材６，６０との間隔Ｄが小寸（３〜５cm）の場合は、間隔Ｄ部で断熱材３が露出しても、断熱材全表面積に対する無視出来る露出面であって、実質上、全表面の被覆と同様の断熱材３への遮熱材２による輻射熱阻止効果が期待出来る。そして、遮熱材２の各シート２１，２２，２３が等長の場合は、遮熱材２を連続長尺物として製作した後、所定寸法に切断出来るため、遮熱材２の製作が合理化出来る。
【００２０】
しかも、図２（Ｂ）に示す如く、断熱材３の間隔Ｄ上の位置に面材４の孔Ｏ４が存在するため、孔Ｏ４が断熱材３の押し込み用治具（図示せず）の挿入孔としても利用出来、治具が断熱材３を間隔Ｄの延長部Ｌ３で押圧可能となるため、断熱材３、遮熱材２及び面材４の３部材を予め一体化層着した断熱パネル１としておき、断熱パネル１は、断熱パネル１内側からの慣用の吸引手段による内側への引込み作業と、面材４の孔Ｏ４からの治具による押し込み作業とにより、縦材５，５０及び横材６，６０間への建付けが容易となる。
【００２１】
従って、遮熱材２は横材６，６０と間隔Ｄ（図２）を保つように取付けて、図２に示す如く、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端に空気流通用の空間Ｏｓが断熱材３上に形成出来、面材４には空間Ｏｓに対応する孔Ｏ４を穿設しているため、遮熱材上面シート２１を、図２の如く、縦材（柱５、間柱５０）及び横材（横架材６、土台材６０）の表面と面一に面材４に当接して取付けても、空気層空間Ｓ１の通気経路（矢印Ａ１）が外壁材内面の通気層Ｓ０へ、空間Ｏｓからの面材４の孔Ｏ４を介して好適に合流出来る形態に確保出来て、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端部は、上面シート２１の外面側（通気層Ｓ０）と空気流通可能となる。そして、空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気流Ａ１（図２）も、空気層空間Ｓ１の下端から上端への流れとなり、スムーズとなる。
【００２２】
また、面材４が透湿性であり、且つ遮熱材２の上面シート２１と一体化層着しているのが好ましい。
この場合、面材４としては、構造用合板（木材合板）やシージングボードを使用すれば良く、上面シート２１にピンホール散在等で透湿性を付与し、透湿性を喪失しない層着で実施すれば、面材４及び上面シート２１の全面での水蒸気呼吸が可能となり、遮熱材２及び面材４の結露が防止出来る。
そして、比較的に取扱いの困難な遮熱材２の建付けも構造材としての面材と一体であるため容易となる。
【００２３】
また、遮熱材２は、空気層空間Ｓ１の下面を規定する各シート２２，２３が表面に輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備え、且つ輻射熱反射層Ｒｅが断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３を含む全表面を被覆するのが好ましい。
尚、「延長部Ｌ３」は、図３の如く、断熱材３の長手方向両端部の遮熱材２から突出した部分であり、断熱材３を上下方向横材６，６０間に配置し、遮熱材２を各横材６，６０と間隔Ｄを保って配置したために生ずる断熱材３の上下の間隔Ｄに相当する部分の意である。
【００２４】
また、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅが断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３を覆う手段としては、遮熱材２にあって、下面シート２２のみを断熱材３と同長の長寸とし、他のシート２１，２３等を延長部Ｌ３上に存在しないように短寸として一体化製作した遮熱材２を断熱材３上に層着しても良く、或いは、各シート２１，２２，２３が同長の遮熱材を予め製作して断熱材３上に層着し、断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上には、下面シート２２材で別途用意した補助下面シート２２´（図３）を延長部Ｌ３上に輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを上面にして貼着しても良い。
【００２５】
従って、図７に示す如く、各空気層空間Ｓ１毎に熱線反射するため、中間シート２３を透過した微量の熱線も下面シートで完全に反射阻止出来る。
しかも、遮熱材２から突出した断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３も輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで被覆されるため、断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上への熱線加熱も、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで反射されて各空気層空間Ｓ１内の加熱空気と共に、加熱空気流Ａ１として遮熱材上面シート２１の外面側（通気層Ｓ０）へと排出され、断熱材３への室外側からの輻射熱による加熱は完全に阻止出来る。
【００２６】
また、遮熱材２は、空気層空間Ｓ１の上面を規定するシート２１，２３が透湿防水性を有するのが好ましい。
この場合、遮熱材の各シートへの透湿防水性付与は、図５の如く、各シートに多数のピンホール（微細孔）ｈをニードリングで穿設すれば良い。
そして、室外から通気層Ｓ０に入り込む空気流Ａ０と遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気との温度差に暴される上面シート２１や中間シート２３が透湿性であれば、遮熱材２内の結露も防止出来、遮熱材２の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅの結露汚れが抑制出来、遮熱材２の耐候性が向上する。
勿論、下面シート２２も透湿防水性であれば、結露防止機能はより向上し、断熱材３の吸湿による断熱機能低下も抑制出来る。
【００２７】
また、面材４と遮熱材２とを、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端縁２Ｅが面材４の孔Ｏ４に連通するように一体化層着して面材４を縦材５，５０に張設し、該面材４の上面に防風層９を張設し、防風層９上に通気胴縁材７を介して外壁材８を張設するのが好ましい。
尚、防風層９としては、空気透過性の高い薄手のスパンボンド不織布等が好ましい。
従って、遮熱材２は構造材としての面材４との一体物としての取付けであり、防風層９は面材上への張設であるため、遮熱材２の張設、及び防風層９の張設が容易であり、図２（Ｂ）に示す如く、空気層空間Ｓ１と孔Ｏ４と連通は、遮熱材２内の通気を可能とするため、面材４や遮熱材シート２１，２２，２３の選択が自由となる。
【００２８】
そして、面材４及び遮熱材２は防風層９で保護されるため、通気層Ｓ０内を流れる外気による遮熱材２内部の汚染、及び雨水の通気層Ｓ０から面材４の孔Ｏ４を介した侵入も防止出来ると共に、防風層９の透湿性により面材４及び遮熱材内の結露も防止出来る。
しかも、防風層９と外壁材８との間に外気導通の通気層Ｓ０が存在し、遮熱材の空気層空間Ｓ１と面材４の孔Ｏ４とが連通しているため、通気層Ｓ０内の空気流Ａ０が遮熱材２内の加熱された空気流Ａ１の排出を助長し、外壁材８、面材４、遮熱材２、及び断熱材３の耐候性が向上する。
【００２９】
また、遮熱材２は、全シート２１，２２，２３が透湿防水性であるのが好ましい。
輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを有するシートにあってもニードリング処理によって微細孔（ピンホール）を多数穿設すれば透湿防水性となるので、この場合、図５に示す如く、遮熱材２の構成全シートに微細孔ｈ穿設処理を施せば良い。
【００３０】
従って、下面シート２２も透湿防水性であるため、断熱材３が吸湿しても、水蒸気（湿気）は断熱材３からの遮熱材２への放湿が可能となり、断熱材３の吸湿による断熱機能低下が抑制出来るため、断熱材としての使用材料の選択の自由度が増す。また、遮熱材２の結露汚染による輻射熱反射機能低下も抑制出来、断熱材３及び遮熱材２の耐候性が向上する。
【００３１】
また、遮熱材２と断熱材３と面材４とを予め層着一体化して用いるのが好ましい。
この場合、図３に示す如く、断熱材３の上下両端の延長部Ｌ３を残して遮熱材２の下面シート２２を断熱材３の表面に貼着し、次いで、延長部Ｌ３上に補助下面シート２２´を貼着して空気流通用の空間Ｏｓを延長部Ｌ３に形成し、次いで、面材４を上面シート２１上に貼着しても良く、また、予め遮熱材２を面材４に層着しておき、断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３には補助下面シート２２´を貼着した後、面材４付き遮熱材２の下面シート２２を断熱材３のむき出し部に貼着しても良い。
【００３２】
従って、面材４、遮熱材２及び断熱材３の一体化パネルであるため、外壁施工は、側面に接着剤を付与した断熱材３を室内側にしてパネルを壁空間Ｗｓ内に吸引嵌入し、面材４を縦材５，５０及び横材６，６０に堅結固定すれば、壁空間Ｗｓ内への断熱材３と遮熱材２と面材４との付設が同時に達成出来、外壁断熱構造の実施が合理化出来る。
しかも、面材４と遮熱材２と断熱材３との層着一体化作業は、現場以外で実施出来、従って、工場生産による均質な外壁用断熱パネルの形成により、高品質な建築物が合理的に提供出来る。
【００３３】
また、壁空間Ｗｓの室内側の面には防湿シート１０を介して内装面材８０を張設し、壁空間Ｗｓの室外側に一体化面材４によって張設した遮熱材２の下面シート２２と該防湿シート１０との空間に断熱材３を配置するのが好ましい。
【００３４】
この場合は、グラスウール等の不定形断熱材３の吹込み充填も可能となるが、遮熱材２の下面シート２２は断熱材層と同寸とするのが好都合である。
そして、断熱材３は封入形態であるため、板状断熱材を含む各種の慣用の断熱材の採用が可能となり、断熱材選択の自由度が向上する。
また、断熱材充填を発泡系断熱材の現場での注入発泡により実施することも可能となる。
従って、比較的低コストの断熱材の採用も可能となり、しかも、断熱材３の壁空間Ｗｓ内への配置も容易となる。
【００３５】
本発明の断熱パネルは、例えば図３に示す如く、少なくとも上面シート２１及び下面シート２２を含み、少なくとも下面シート２２が輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備えた上下複数シート２１，２２，２３から成り、各シート２１，２２，２３間は、折曲自在な起立片２４，２５群によって連結されて空気層空間Ｓ１を備えた遮熱材２を中間層とし、上面シート２１の上面には面材４を、下面シート２２の下面には断熱材３を、且つ、断熱材３は、両端の延長部Ｌ３が遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１の端縁２Ｅから突出した形態に、面材４は、少なくとも延長部Ｌ３上方位置には空気連通用の孔Ｏ４を備えると共に、固定用の突出縁４Ｅ，４Ｅ´を備えた形態に層着し、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで断熱材３の実質上全表面を被覆したものである。
【００３６】
尚、面材４は、少なくとも遮熱材２内での結露を防止する必要があるため、構造用合板（ベニヤ板）、シージングボード等の透湿性構造板が好ましく、透湿性面材４に更に、断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上に位置する通気用の孔Ｏ４を形成するのが、空気層空間Ｓ１と面材４の外面との空気流通を促進にするので、特に好ましい。
また、断熱材３両端の延長部Ｌ３は、図３から明らかな如く、遮熱材２の上面シート２１及び中間シート２３が被覆していない両側の端部であり、空気層空間Ｓ１の端縁２Ｅは、空気層空間Ｓ１の上面を規定している上面シート２１及び中間シート２３の端縁に相当するものである。
【００３７】
また、延長部Ｌ３は、空気層空間Ｓ１の端縁２Ｅ、即ち開放口から遮熱材上面シート２１の外面側、即ち通気層Ｓ０への空気の流通を保証するための空間Ｏｓが形成出来れば良く、一方、断熱材３の遮熱材２による保護被覆の観点からは、Ｌ３は短い方が好ましいので、Ｌ３の長さは５０mm前後あれば良い。
また、遮熱材２が、上面シート２１と下面シート２２のみの２層形態であれば、両シート間に１層の空気層空間Ｓ１が形成出来、上面シート２１、中間シート２３、下面シート２２の３層形態であれば、図３の如く２層の空気層空間Ｓ１が形成出来ることとなるが、本発明では空気層空間Ｓ１が必須であるため、上下複数シートは、少なくとも上面シート２１と下面シート２２とを具備すれば良い。
勿論、中間シート２３は複数枚でも良いが、機能上は１枚で充分である。
【００３８】
また、面材４は、パネルの構造材であると共に、外壁の構造材でもあるので、突出縁４Ｅ，４Ｅ´は、パネルを軸組みに建て付けた際に、パネル周囲の縦材５，５０及び横材６，６０と剛構造堅結するためのものであるが、面材４の強度、及び取付構造によっては、縦材固定用の両側の突出縁４Ｅのみとしても良く、この場合は、面材４の上下縁で通気用隙間が形成出来るため、面材４として、非透湿性構造材であって、しかも、空気孔Ｏ４のない面材の採用も可能となる。
【００３９】
また、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅは、断熱材３への輻射熱負荷を阻止するものであること、及び空気層空間Ｓ１内を外気が導通することより、断熱材３表面を覆う下面シート２２に存在することが必須であり、空気層空間Ｓ１の下面を規定するシート２２，２３に存在すれば、各空気層空間Ｓ１毎に輻射熱を空気流Ａ１（図２）で排除出来るため有効であり、遮熱材２の複数シート全てに輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを付与すれば、輻射熱反射機能の低下したシートを他のシートで補完出来、空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気の高温化も抑制出来、断熱材３に対する輻射熱加熱阻止及び熱負荷軽減がより有効となる。
【００４０】
また、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで断熱材の実質上全表面を被覆するためには、遮熱材２の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備えた下面シート２２を、他のシート２１，２３より長くして、断熱材３と等長とすれば良い。
また、断熱材３の表面が若干露出しても、輻射熱反射機能上無視出来る程度であれば、実質上の全表面被覆に相当するものである。
【００４１】
従って、本発明断熱パネル１は、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端部が断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３では、既に空間Ｏｓを介して外方と空気連通形態のため、例え遮熱材２の各シート２１，２２，２３が非通気、非透湿性であって、図２の如く、壁空間Ｗｓ内へ面材４によって嵌合固定されていても、面材４が透湿性であれば、空気層空間Ｓ１と通気層Ｓ０との吸放湿が可能となって遮熱材２内の結露が防止出来、空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気の断熱能と下面シート２２による輻射熱阻止機能によって断熱材３の高温蓄熱化を阻止する。
【００４２】
しかも、面材４が、空間ＯＳ上の位置で孔Ｏ４を備えているため、遮熱材２内の空気層空間Ｓ１からの外方の通気層Ｓ０への空気流Ａ１は保証され、本発明断熱パネル１を図２の如く、壁空間Ｗｓ内に配置すれば、遮熱材２が断熱材３への輻射熱による加熱を阻止し、且つ空気層空間Ｓ１の空気流動Ａ１によって遮熱材２内の空気の高温化を抑制する。
【００４３】
また、面材４は、断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上に孔Ｏ４を備えているため、断熱パネル１を軸組み内に建付けた際に、断熱材３の両端の延長部Ｌ３上には、図２に示す如く、それぞれ空間Ｏｓが存在する形態となり、面材４及び遮熱材シート２１，２２，２３の透湿性の有無に関係なく、面材４外部の通気層Ｓ０と遮熱材２内の空気層空間Ｓ１との空気連通が保証される。
しかも、面材４の孔Ｏ４から棒形態の治具（図示せず）を挿通して断熱材延長部Ｌ３表面を押圧可能となるため、断熱パネル１の軸組み壁空間Ｗｓ内への嵌着作業も容易となる。
【００４４】
従って、得られる外壁構造は、断熱材３の伝導熱伝達抑制と相俟って、熱伝達の３要素、即ち、伝導、対流、輻射の３要素全てに対処した断熱構造となり、高断熱、且つ低蓄熱の画期的な高性能断熱構造となる。
しかも、遮熱材２が断熱材３への熱負荷を軽減するため、断熱材３は従来品より薄く出来、遮熱材２を採用したための外壁厚さの増大を招来することもなく、外観上優れた高断熱、且つ低蓄熱の高性能断熱外壁が強固、且つ合理的に施工出来る。
【００４５】
また、遮熱材２は、上下複数の各シート２１，２２，２３が折曲自在な起立片２４，２５群によって連結されているため、断熱パネル１の製作前の遮熱材２は、起立片２４，２５を倒伏した各シート２１，２２，２３の積層形態として取扱うことにより、保管、搬送が容易となり、断熱パネル形成後も、遮熱材２を積層形態として取扱うことが出来、突出縁４Ｅ，４Ｅ´を備えた構造材としての面材４の存在により、断熱材３及び遮熱材２の損傷が抑制出来て、保管、搬送が容易である。
【００４６】
また、遮熱材２が各シート２１，２２，２３の積層状態として取扱い可能なため、面材４と遮熱材２と断熱材３との接着剤層着時の遮熱材２への押圧操作が可能となって、層着作業が容易であり、型枠（図示せず）を用いての断熱材の発泡成形による遮熱材２との一体化層着も容易である。
【００４７】
また、断熱パネル１は、面材４は透湿性であり、遮熱材２は、例えば図７に示す如く、空気層空間Ｓ１の上面を規定するシート２１，２３の両端部には空気孔Ｏ２を備えているのが好ましい。
この断熱パネル１は、図７に示す如く、遮熱材２は、上下２層の空気層空間Ｓ１を備えている場合は、空気層空間Ｓ１の上面を規定する上面シート２１及び中間シート２３の両端部に空気孔Ｏ２を穿設した形態となり、空気層空間Ｓ１の両端部では、シート２１，２３の上下貫通の通気が可能となる。
従って、遮熱材２は断熱材３に対して延長部Ｌ３を短くして層着することにより、断熱材３の実質上全表面の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅによる被覆が容易となり、断熱材３上への補助下面シート２２´（図２）の貼着作業が不要となる。
【００４８】
そして、面材が透湿性であるため、例え遮熱材シート２１，２２，２３が非透湿であっても、断熱パネル１内の結露発生は、気象条件の穏やかな地域においては阻止出来る。
勿論、面材４の両端部に空気貫流用の孔Ｏ４を配置すれば、壁空間Ｗｓ内に断熱パネル１を取付けた際に、断熱パネル１の外面側、即ち面材４の外側の通気層Ｓ０と遮熱材２内の空気層空間Ｓ１とが空気孔Ｏ２及び孔Ｏ４によって空気連通状態となり、空気層空間Ｓ１内にも通気層Ｓ０を貫流する空気流Ａ０から分流する空気流Ａ１が生じるため、遮熱材２内の輻射熱で加熱される空気の外方への放出が可能となる。
【００４９】
また、空気孔Ｏ２の穿孔密度は、遮熱材２の両端部、即ち、外方の通気層Ｓ０との空気流Ａ１の入口部及び出口部で大とすれば、空気流Ａ１は、空気層空間Ｓ１の一端部（下端部）から他端部（上端部）へ遮熱材２内を好適に貫流し、好適な煙突効果が得られる。
従って、遮熱材２としては、上下複数シートの等長物が採用出来、遮熱材２の製造が容易であると共に、断熱材３の実質上全表面への遮熱材被覆が容易となる。
【００５０】
また、断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上には、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備えた補助下面シート片２２´を層着するのが好ましい。
この場合は、断熱パネル製作時の遮熱材２と断熱材３との層着は、遮熱材２の上下複数の各シート２１，２２，２３を等長として製作しておき、遮熱材２を断熱材３の上下に延長部Ｌ３を残した形態で断熱材３と層着し、次いで、下面シート２２と同一材料の細幅（Ｌ３幅）の補助下面シート２２´を断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上に貼着すれば、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅによる断熱材３の全表面完全被覆が達成出来る。
【００５１】
従って、遮熱材２の各シート２１，２２，２３が等長であるため、遮熱材２自体の製造に際しては、上面シート２１、下面シート２２、中間シート２３等の各シート、及び起立片２４，２５を連続長尺片として供給しながら必要個所の接着等により、各シート２１，２２，２３を各起立片２４，２５で連結した積層形態の遮熱材連続体として製造し、順次所定寸法に切断して遮熱材２とすることが可能であり、遮熱材２の製作、及び断熱パネル１の製作が合理化出来る。
【００５２】
また、遮熱材２の全てのシート２１，２２，２２´，２３、及び面材４が透湿防水性を有するのが好ましい。
遮熱材シートへの透湿防水性の付与は、アルミ箔を貼着して輻射熱反射層Ｒｅによって非透湿となったシートであっても、ニードリング処理によって微細孔（ピンホール）ｈを多数散在穿孔すれば良い。
また、面材４としては、ベニヤ板等の構造用合板や、シージングボードを選択すれば良い。
【００５３】
そして、遮熱材２の全てのシート、及び面材４が透湿防水性を具備するため、例え断熱材３が室内側から吸湿しても、断熱材３→下面シート２２→中間シート２３→上面シート２１→面材４→通気層Ｓ０のルートで断熱材３の水分を全面に亘って放出出来、また各シート２１，２２，２３及び面材４は自己吸収が可能となって、各構成部材面の温度差による部分的な結露も防止出来る。
従って、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅの結露汚染による熱線反射能低下も、断熱材３の吸湿による断熱機能低下も、面材４の吸湿による腐蝕も阻止出来、面材４、遮熱材２及び断熱材３の耐候性が向上する。
【００５４】
また、遮熱材２は、上下複数シート２１，２２，２３、及び起立片２４，２５が紙材であって同長であり、起立片２４，２５が両端の折曲面２４´，２５´で上面シート２１と下面シート２２とに貼着しているのが好ましい。
この場合、断熱パネル１は、遮熱材２を層着した段階で上下端に延長部Ｌ３を露出するが、延長部Ｌ３には補助下面シート２２´（図３）を貼着すれば、断熱材３全表面の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅによる被覆が完了する。
【００５５】
従って、遮熱材２の各シート２１，２２，２３、及び起立片２４，２５が同長であるため、各構成材料を連続シートとしてローラー群装置に供給し、定寸切断して各遮熱材２とすることにより、製造の合理化が可能である。
また、起立片２４，２５の折曲面の折込み形成、折曲面２４´，２５´への接着剤塗布もシート状材料の走行過程で可能である。しかも、起立片２４，２５が遮熱材２中の全長に亘って空気層空間Ｓ１を仕切るため、各起立片２４，２５が空気流誘導壁となって、乱流のない空気流通が可能となる。
【００５６】
また、遮熱材２の下面シート２２以外の各シート２１，２３及び起立片２４，２５が空気孔Ｏ２を備え、面材４が空気流通用の孔Ｏ４を備えているのが好ましい。
この場合、起立片２４，２５で仕切られた各空気層空間Ｓ１が上下左右に空気孔Ｏ２で連通しているため、面材４の孔Ｏ４で通気層Ｓ０と連通する各空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気流Ａ１は平準化され、遮熱材２全体としては略均質の空気流通を生じ、遮熱材２の断熱材３に対する熱負荷軽減作用も、通気による水蒸気排出及び高温化空気排出も遮熱材全体としてスムーズに達成出来る。
【００５７】
また、図６の如く、断熱材３が中間に間柱５０を一体化固定するのが好ましい。
間柱５０の一体化固定は、単に断熱材３を間柱５０の両側面に接着固定して広幅の断熱材３とし、広幅の遮熱材２を断熱材表面に層着すれば良い。
この場合、幅寸法の設定に応じて断熱パネル１は柱５と柱５間の幅寸法とすれば良く、間柱５０を中間に備えた広幅の断熱パネルとなるため、壁空間Ｗｓ内への嵌合固定作業が効率化出来る。
勿論、間柱５０の軸組み横材６，６０への固定は、釘の斜め打込みで良い。
【００５８】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔遮熱材（図５）〕
中間シート２３用及び下面シート２２用として予め表面にアルミ箔を層着した紙シートを用意し、上面シート２１はアルミ箔のない紙シートを用意し、各シート用材料にはニードリング処理して微細孔（ピンホール）ｈを散在穿孔し、適用壁空間Ｗｓの縦材（柱５、間柱５０）間寸法に応じて上面シート２１及び下面シート２２の幅Ｗ１を各縦材間寸法に、中間シート２３の幅は、各起立片２４，２５間寸法＋両側の折曲面２３´とする。
【００５９】
また、各起立片２４，２５としては、アルミ箔のない紙シートを用いて、幅は遮熱材２の所定厚Ｔ２（標準３０mm）＋上下の折曲面２４´，２５´（標準２０mm）とする。
そして、図５（Ａ）に示す如く、中間シート２３の折曲面２３´及び起立片２４，２５の折曲面２４´，２５´の当接面に糊剤を塗布し、各シート材料２１，２２，２３，２４，２５を所定寸法関係に接着押圧処理し、長さを所定横材（横架材６、土台材６０）間寸法−上下の間隔Ｄ（標準５０mm）に切断する。
【００６０】
従って、遮熱材２は、アルミ箔シート、上面シート２１、中間シート２３、下面シート２２、及び起立片２４，２５の各構成部材を、全て長尺シート状態でローラー群装置（図示せず）に走行供給しながら、アルミ箔の紙シートへの層着及びニードリング処理を含め、折り目付与、折り込み、糊剤塗布、圧着、定寸切断の流れ工程で合理的に実施出来る。
【００６１】
得られた遮熱材２の起立片２４，２５を起立させれば、図５（Ｂ）に示す如く、上面シート２１と下面シート２２とが起立片２４，２５で強固に連結され、中間シート２３が各起立片２４，２５間に差し渡し状に連結された形態で、起立片２４，２５によって厚さＴ２が確保され、起立片２４，２５が各シート２１，２２，２３と同長で空気層空間Ｓ１を縦断分割しており、且つ、全シート２１，２２，２３が透湿防水用の微細孔ｈを備え、中間シート２３及び下面シート２２が表面に輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備えた遮熱材となる。
【００６２】
〔断熱パネル（図３）〕
所定厚さ（標準５０mm）で、所定壁空間Ｗｓに嵌合する硬質ウレタンフォーム、グラスウール圧縮板等の板状断熱材３を用意し、起立片２４，２５を倒伏した積層形態の遮熱材２の下面シート２３を、断熱材３の上下端に延長部Ｌ３を備えた形態に接着する。そして、断熱材３の上下の延長部Ｌ３上には、下面シート用材を切断した補助下面シート２２´を、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを表にして接着する。
【００６３】
また、面材４としては、厚さ７．５mmで、断熱材３より左右に４Ｅ（標準５０mm）、上下に４Ｅ´（５０〜１００mm）突出した形状の構造用合板を用意し、図３の如く、断熱材３の上下の延長部Ｌ３と対応する位置の左右に円孔Ｏ４（標準：５０mm径）を穿孔し、遮熱材上面シート２１と透湿性を有する形態に、即ち、接着剤は、点状散在又は線状散在に付与して接着する。
【００６４】
得られた断熱パネル１の遮熱材２を起立すれば、図３に示す如く、断熱材３の表面の上下両端の延長部Ｌ３は、補助下面シート２２´で覆われ、延長部Ｌ３以外は遮熱材２で覆われ、断熱材３の全表面が下面シート２２と補助下面シート２２´の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで覆われ、遮熱材２の上面シート２１上には構造用合板の面材４が一体化し、且つ面材４は、左右両側が断熱材３両側より突出縁４Ｅだけ突出し、上下が断熱材３より突出縁４Ｅ´だけ突出し、且つ、遮熱材２の上下２層の空気層空間Ｓ１が断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上に開口し、面材４の上下の孔Ｏ４が断熱材３の延長部Ｌ３上に開口した形態の断熱パネル１となる。
【００６５】
〔外壁の断熱施工（図１，図２，図４）〕
従来例１（図８）同様の手法で、図４（Ａ）に示す如く、基礎Ｂ上に土台材６０を固定し、各柱５及び間柱５０を立設して壁空間Ｗｓを形成し、断熱材３の側面に接着剤を付与した後、図４（Ｂ）に示す如く、本発明の断熱パネル１（図３）を、面材４の突出縁４Ｅが縦材（柱５、間柱５０）表面に、突出縁４Ｅ´が横材（横架材６、土台材６０）表面に当接した形態に壁空間Ｗｓ内へ、断熱材３の内側からの引張り（吸引把持手段）、及び面材４の孔Ｏ４からの棒による押圧で嵌合し、面材４を縦材及び横材に釘Ｎで固定する。
【００６６】
次いで、室外側では、通気性を有する不織布の透湿防水シート（防風層）９を、図２の如く、面材４の表面を介して全面張設し、防風層９上から通気胴縁材７を各縦材５，５０に釘打ち固定し、通気胴縁材７上に外壁材８を取付ける。
また、室内側では、図２に示す如く、柱５、間柱５０間に差し渡し固定した横胴縁材７０及び、縦材、横材を介して防湿シート（防水層）１０及び内装面材８０を固定する。
【００６７】
得られた外壁断熱構造にあっては、外壁材８の下端の水切りＣの空気孔（図示せず）から入り込む空気流Ａ０が外壁材内側の通気層Ｓ０を上昇するが、空気流Ａ０の一部は不織布の防風層９から面材４の孔Ｏ４を通過して土台材６０と遮熱材２との間隔Ｄの空間Ｏｓに空気流Ａ１として入り込み、遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１を通過して横架材６と遮熱材２との間隔Ｄの空間Ｏｓから面材４の孔Ｏ４、及び防風層９を介して通気層Ｓ０へと流れ出る。
遮熱材２内部の空気は、室外側からの輻射熱を輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで反射して通気層Ｓ０内の空気より湿度上昇を生じるため、防風層９の空気抵抗に打ち勝って遮熱材内を空気流Ａ１として流動し、遮熱材２内の過度の高温化を抑制する。
【００６８】
また、遮熱材２内の輻射熱加熱分は、中間シート２３及び下面シート２２の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅによって空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気流Ａ１として排出するため、遮熱材２内の過度の加熱は抑制出来る。
そして、外壁断熱材３への室外側からの加熱は、断熱材３の遮熱材２から露出した延長部Ｌ３も輻射熱反射層Ｒｅで保護されていることにより、輻射熱加熱が完全に阻止され、対流熱加熱と伝導熱加熱のみとなる。
従って、断熱材３は、遮熱材２の存在しない従来の外壁断熱材に比して加熱量が低減出来るため、断熱材厚も薄く出来、断熱材３への加熱量の低減と断熱材厚の低減とが相俟って、断熱材３の室外側からの加熱蓄熱が顕著に軽減出来、外気温の低下に比較的短時間で追従出来る外壁断熱構造が得られる。
【００６９】
また、遮熱材２の上面シート２１、中間シート２３及び下面シート２２が、共にピンホール（微細孔）ｈを備えた透湿防水性を具備し、面材４も透過性を具備するため、断熱材３の吸湿による断熱機能低下、及び面材の吸湿腐蝕が抑制出来、遮熱材各シート２１，２２，２３に対する結露汚染による輻射熱反射層Ｒｅの反射機能低下も抑制出来る。
そして、面材４の表面が防風層９によって保護されているため、外気導通の汚染による輻射熱反射層Ｒｅの機能低下も抑制出来、遮熱材２の耐候性も向上する。
【００７０】
従って、本発明の実施によって得られる外壁断熱構造は、断熱パネル１が、面材４による耐力壁機能と、遮熱材２と断熱材３とによる断熱機能を具備することにより、所望の壁強度を有しながら、室内側への熱伝達が、熱伝達の３要素である伝導熱伝達には断熱材３が対処し、対流熱伝達には遮熱材の空気流Ａ１が対処し、輻射熱伝達には遮熱材の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅが対処することが出来、比較的薄い断熱材厚による高断熱、且つ低蓄熱の画期的断熱構造となる。
【００７１】
〔その他〕
図７は、空気層空間Ｓ１を上面シート２１の外面側と空気流通可能とする変形例発明である。
即ち、遮熱材２の各シート２１，２２，２３が非透湿性材であっても、図７に示す如く、上面シート２１及び中間シート２３に適数の空気孔Ｏ２を穿孔すれば、遮熱材２内部の輻射加熱された空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気は、上面シート２１を覆う透湿性及び／又は空気流通孔Ｏ４を備えた面材４を介して、上面シート２１の空気孔Ｏ２部と、両端縁２Ｅからとで面材４の外側の通気層Ｓ０へ好適に排除出来る。
【００７２】
この場合、上面シート２１及び中間シート２３の、特に上部及び下部の面材４の空気孔Ｏ４対応区域に空気孔Ｏ２を高密度で穿孔し、中央部の穿孔を０又は少なくすれば、空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気流通作用が好適に発揮出来る。
また、図７（Ｂ）に示す如く、起立片２４，２５の仕切壁面ｆにも空気孔Ｏ２を穿設すれば遮熱材２内の起立片２４，２５及び中間シート２３で区分された各空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気流Ａ１が相互連通してより一層平準化出来、遮熱材２の通気機能がスムーズとなる。
勿論、遮熱材２を断熱材３より若干短寸として遮熱材２の上下端と横材６，６０との間に若干（例えば１０mm前後）の隙間を形成し、該隙間を面材４の空気孔Ｏ４に対応させるため、空気層空間Ｓ１内の空気流Ａ１の吸排出は保障されるが、断熱材両端の延長部Ｌ３の形成は、断熱材３に対する実質上の全表面被覆の効果を維持するように留意する必要がある。
【００７３】
また、実施態様例（図２）では、断熱材３の室内側（裏面）には横胴縁材７０を介して防湿シート（防水層）１０と内装面材８０とを張設したが、縦材、横材の厚みと断熱パネル１の厚みを適切に選択して断熱材３の裏面（室内側表面）を縦材（柱５、間柱５０）及び横材（横架材６、土台材６０）の内側面と面一に配置すれば、内装面材８０及び防水層１０は、横胴縁材７０なしで直接縦材、横材に張設出来て、施工が合理化出来る。
【００７４】
また、断熱パネル１は、図８に示す如く、面材４を各柱５間用とし、中間に間柱５０嵌入間隔３Ｇを開けて両側に断熱材３と遮熱材２とを面材４に固定して柱５，５間寸法とすれば、柱５，５間の壁空間Ｗｓへ２枚の断熱パネルを同時に張設出来、施工性が向上する。
この場合、間隔３Ｇは間柱の厚さプラス３mm（各片側に１．５mm）とし、勿論、各断熱材３と柱５間にも１．５mmの嵌入ゲージを設けておく。
【００７５】
また、外壁断熱構造の発明（請求項１）の実施に際しては、実施態様例（図２）では断熱パネル１を用いたが、壁空間Ｗｓ内への断熱材３の装着固定を従来慣用の手段（従来例１、従来例２）で、且つ慣用の断熱材を採用して実施し、断熱材３の表面（室外側の面）上に、別体の本発明の面材４付き遮熱材２を、下面シート２２の裏面を断熱材表面に密接形態にして面材４の四周の突出縁４Ｅ，４Ｅ´を軸組みの縦材（柱５、間柱５０）及び横材（横架材６，土台材６０）上に当接して釘打ち固定しても良く、この場合は、表面の接着性に問題がある断熱材３の使用に好都合であり、断熱材３の選択の自由度も大となり、リフォーム施工にも有利である。
【００７６】
また、断熱パネル１は、遮熱材２として、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備えた下面シート２２を断熱材３と同長に用意し、輻射熱反射層Ｒｅを備えた中間シート２３及び輻射熱反射層Ｒｅのない上面シート２１を断熱材３の両端部の延長部Ｌ３だけ短い長さで用意し、起立片２４，２５、上面シート２１、中間シート２３、及び下面シート２２を手作業で接着連結して遮熱材２を製作し、断熱材３上に層着して形成しても良い。
この場合は、ローラー装置処理の困難な、例えば厚手の紙やプラスチック材の如き、比較的に剛性及び保形成の大なシート材での遮熱材２が形成出来、断熱材３として繊維片充填タイプ、或いは現場での充填発泡タイプを採用する場合に適している。
【００７７】
【発明の効果】
本発明の外壁断熱構造は、遮熱材２の輻射熱反射層Ｒｅが断熱材３への室外側からの輻射熱加熱を阻止するため、断熱材３への室外側からの加熱負荷が対流熱伝達と伝導熱伝達のみとなり、しかも、遮熱材２が空気層空間Ｓ１と面材４外側との水蒸気連通によって断熱構造内部の結露を防止して，輻射熱反射層Ｒｅの結露汚染、断熱材３の吸湿機能低下、及び構造材としての面材４の吸湿腐蝕も防止するため、高耐久性でありながら、断熱材３への室外側からの加熱負荷は、従来の外壁断熱構造に於ける断熱材への加熱負荷と比べて大幅に低減出来る。
【００７８】
従って、断熱材３厚が薄く出来ることと断熱材３への加熱負荷の低減とが相俟って、断熱材３の蓄熱量を大幅に低減出来て、外気温の低下に短時間で追従可能な断熱構造となり、建物、特に戸建て住宅に於ける省エネルギーの外壁断熱構造が提供出来る。
また、断熱材３を比較的薄く出来るため、遮熱材２＋断熱材３の厚みも、従来の同一材質の断熱材厚と近似となり、図９に示す従来の多用されている外壁断熱構造に於いて、断熱材のスペースに遮熱材２と断熱材３とを配置することが出来、外壁厚を増大することなしに高断熱、低蓄熱の外壁断熱構造の提供が可能となり、本願外壁断熱構造の発明は、実用性の極めて高い発明である。
【００７９】
また、断熱材３の両端部が延長部Ｌ３を有して遮熱材２と層着され、構造用面材４と一体化層着された断熱パネル１（図３）を外壁断熱構造に採用するため、断熱パネル１を壁空間Ｗｓに嵌合して面材４を軸組みの縦材５及び横材６に釘打ち固定するだけで、断熱材３と遮熱材２との配置が構造用面材４と共に合理的に実施出来、高断熱、且つ低蓄熱の外壁断熱構造の施工実施が合理化出来る。
しかも、遮熱材２の空気層空間Ｓ１が断熱材延長部Ｌ３上で開放しているため、遮熱材２の上面シート２１を面材４に層着して縦材５，５０の表面と面一に取付けても、遮熱材内の空気層空間Ｓ１から延長部Ｌ３上の空間Ｏｓを介して面材４から外側の通気層Ｓ０へと必要空気流Ａ１が保証出来、高断熱、低蓄熱、且つ結露防止の外壁断熱構造が合理的に実施出来る。
【００８０】
また、図７に示す如く、遮熱材２の構成各シート２１，２２，２３を等長とすることにより、遮熱材２を連続長尺体として製造して各遮熱材の所定寸法に切断出来ることが可能となり、遮熱材２の製造、及び断熱パネル１の製作が合理化出来る。
従って、本願各断熱パネルは、建物の新築時のみならず、耐用中の建物外壁のリフォーム断熱構造にも簡単に採用出来、本願断熱パネルの発明は、実用性の極めて高い発明である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明外壁断熱構造の一部切欠斜視図である。
【図２】 本発明外壁断熱構造の説明図であって、（Ａ）は横断面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図３】 本発明断熱パネルの説明図であって、（Ａ）は斜視図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図４】 本発明外壁断熱構造の施工説明図であって、（Ａ）は縦材配置状態斜視図、（Ｂ）は断熱材３、遮熱材２、及び面材４を壁空間Ｗｓに配置した状態の斜視図、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図、（Ｄ）は（Ｂ）のＤ−Ｄ断面図である。
【図５】 本発明に用いる遮熱材２の説明図であって、（Ａ）は折曲状態説明図、（Ｂ）は起立状態説明図である。
【図６】 本発明断熱パネルの変形例であって、（Ａ）は斜視図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図７】 本発明の他の断熱パネルに用いる遮熱材の説明図であって、（Ａ）は全体斜視図、（Ｂ）は上面シート２１を除去した状態の斜視図である。
【図８】 本発明断熱パネルの変形例であって、（Ａ）は全体斜視図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図、（Ｃ）は（Ａ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。
【図９】 従来例１の説明図であって、（Ａ）は室外側からの一部切欠斜視図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図１０】 従来例２の横断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１：断熱パネル、 ２：遮熱材、 ２Ｅ：端縁、 ３：断熱材、 ４：面材（構造用合板）、 ４Ｅ，４Ｅ´：突出縁、
５：柱（縦材）、 ６：横架材（横材）、 ７：通気胴縁材、
８：外壁材、 ９：防風層（透湿防水シート）、
１０：防水層（防湿シート）、
２１：上面シート、 ２２：下面シート、
２２´：補助下面シート、 ２３：中間シート、 ２４，２５：起立片、
２３´，２４´，２５´：折曲面、
５０：間柱（縦材）、 ６０：土台材（横材）、
７０：横胴縁材、 ８０：内装面材、 Ａ０，Ａ１：空気流、
Ｄ：間隔、 Ｌ３：延長部、 Ｏ２：空気孔、
Ｏ４：孔、 Ｒｅ：輻射熱反射層、 Ｓ０：通気層、 Ｓ１：空気層空間、 Ｗｓ：壁空間[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has a novel structure excellent in air permeability and heat insulation for the outer wall of a building such as a house, and is intended to provide a building that is easy to construct and energy-saving. It belongs to.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the heat insulation structure of the outer wall of a general house, the filling insulation that arranges the heat insulating material etc. in the wall space defined mainly by the vertical members (columns, studs) and the cross members (beams, foundations) that form the structure, There is external heat insulation in which a heat insulating material is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the outer wall structure, and the filling heat insulation has an advantage that a sufficient heat insulating material thickness can be obtained without increasing the wall thickness.
[0003]
[Conventional example 1 (FIG. 9)]
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a conventional general filling insulation construction, in which (A) is a perspective view and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of (A).
As is clear from the figure, a windproof layer such as a thin plywood board is stretched on the surface of the outdoor column and the inter-column (vertical material), and then the heat insulating material is filled between the vertical materials from the indoor side. A moisture-proof film (moisture-proof sheet) for blocking water vapor from the indoor side is constructed, and the inner surface material is stretched with nails.
[0004]
Next, on the outside of the room, a base material for ventilation is fixed on the surface of each vertical member (column, column) from above the windproof layer, and an exterior material (outer wall material) is stretched on the base material for ventilation, and the windproof layer and the exterior material A ventilation layer is formed between the two.
Therefore, the outer wall is filled with heat insulating material between the pillars (vertical members), and moisture from the indoor side is blocked by the moisture-proof film, and the outer wall can absorb and release moisture by the wind-proof layer on the outdoor surface. Therefore, the condensation in the outer wall can be prevented by the conduction of the outside air in the ventilation layer.
[0005]
[Conventional example 2 (FIG. 10)]
FIG. 10 shows an outer wall heat insulating structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-184213, which solves the problem that the ventilation layer is buried by the cushioning property of the heat insulating material. Fiber insulating material is filled with moisture-permeable sheets to protect the peripheral side surface and outdoor surface, a moisture-proof sheet is stretched on the indoor side, and the vertical cylinder edge is fixed to the column surface on the outdoor side. A honeycomb-structured ventilation member is inserted between the edges, and an outer wall material is stretched on the upper surface (surface) of the ventilation member.
That is, the honeycomb-structured ventilation member is interposed in the ventilation layer in the conventional example 1.
[0006]
The honeycomb structure ventilation member is a honeycomb-shaped connecting material capable of bending an outer wall side material as an outer wall base material having moisture permeability and waterproof properties and an inner wall side material made of moisture permeable waterproof nonwoven fabric waterproof paper. And the air passage is formed and held by the connecting material between the double-sided materials.
Therefore, an air passage that is not buried due to the cushioning property of the heat insulating material can be secured between the outer wall material and the heat insulating material, and the outer wall structure has both air permeability and heat insulating property.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In general filling insulation construction as in Conventional Example 1 of FIG. 9, the number of steps is large and the construction is complicated, and the ventilation layer may be buried due to the displacement of the insulation layer.
In addition, since the heat insulating material exhibits a conduction heat blocking function, if the heat insulating function is increased by increasing the heat insulating layer, the heat storage function is also increased.For example, even if the outside air temperature decreases at night, the heat insulating material is used as a heat storage material for a long time. The amount of stored heat will continue to be released to the indoor side, which will be a load of cooling energy in the room.
[0008]
Moreover, even in the outer wall heat insulating structure of Conventional Example 2 in FIG. 10, the protection by the moisture permeable sheet of the heat insulating material, filling, and fitting and mounting of the ventilation member after fixing the vertical trunk edge to the column are complicated, In addition, since the ventilation member merely secures the ventilation path and only the heat insulating material exerts the heat insulating function, there is a drawback that the heat insulating wall thickness becomes the heat insulating material thickness + the ventilation member thickness and the wall thickness becomes large. In addition, the function of the heat insulating material is the same as that of the conventional example 1 and receives the high temperature outside air and cuts off the conduction heat, so that the heat load is stored in the heat insulating material. Even so, heat is radiated to the room side for a long time as a heat storage body.
[0009]
The present invention prevents heat radiation from radiant heat of the heat insulating material by blocking heat ray heating to the surface of the heat insulating material with the heat shielding material among the external heating to the outer wall, which is not noticed in the conventional examples 1 and 2 at all. In addition to reducing the thermal load on the heat insulating material directly under the heat shielding material layer, a structural surface material is attached to the heat shielding material, which prevents high heat insulation, low heat storage, and prevention of condensation that could not be expected in each conventional example. It is an object of the present invention to provide an innovative outer wall heat insulating structure that exhibits performance and a heat insulating panel for the outer wall.
[0010]
[Means for solving the problems and actions]
For example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, on the indoor side in a wall space Ws (FIG. 4) formed by vertical members such as columns 5 and inter-columns 50 and horizontal members such as horizontal members 6 and base materials 60. The heat insulating material 3 is arranged, and the heat insulating material 3 is provided with a plurality of upper and lower sheets 21, 22, 23 including at least an upper surface sheet 21 and a lower surface sheet 22 on the outdoor surface of the heat insulating material 3. The heat shield 2 having the layer space S1 and at least the lower surface sheet 22 includes the radiant heat reflecting layer Re and exerting the radiant heat reflecting action on the sheet surface is in close contact with the lower surface sheet 22 and the surface of the heat insulating material 3.In addition, both end edges 2E of the air space S1 keep a distance D between the cross members 6 and 60.Place andFace material 4 provided with holes O4 for air communication at the upper and lower endsOutdoor surface of heat shield 2And so that the hole O4 is positioned on the space D on the heat insulating material 3,The material 5, 50 and / or the cross member 6, 60 is stretched through the surface, and the outer wall material 8 is stretched over the surface material 4 surface through the ventilation layer S 0, and each air layer space S 1 and the ventilation layer S 0 This is an outer wall heat insulating structure in which water vapor communication is possible, and substantially the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material 3 is covered and protected by the heat insulating material 2.The
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 2, the ventilation layer S0 preferably has a windproof layer (moisture permeable waterproof sheet) 9 stretched on the surface of the longitudinal members 5 and 50, and the ventilation layer S0 is ventilated on the windproof layer 9 of the longitudinal members 5 and 50. The outer wall material 8 is attached using the trunk edge material 7 and is formed between the outer wall material 8 and the windbreak layer 9, but the windbreak layer 9 is not essential, and if the face material 4 is appropriately selected, the windbreak layer 9 is unnecessary. It is sufficient if the air-permeable layer S0 can communicate with the air layer space S1 of the heat shielding material 2 through water vapor.
Further, the face material 4 is a structural material that opposes stress from the side such as an earthquake or wind, and is a moisture permeable face plate such as a structural plywood or a shearing board, or a non-moisture permeable face plate such as a particle board or a structural panel. Although it may be stretched after the heat shield material 2 is fitted, it is convenient for the work to be stretched after the heat shield material 2 is fixed to the face material 4 in advance.
[0012]
In addition, the tensioning of the face material 4 is usually nailed to the vertical material and the horizontal material in order to exert the function as a structural material, but depending on the strength of the face material 4 and the strength of the shaft assembly, It is possible to nail only the vertical member, or nail only the horizontal member. When nailing only the vertical member, it is possible to form a gap for water vapor communication at the upper and lower ends of the face member 4. .
In addition, the air layer space S1 of the heat shield 2 can be formed as a single layer of the air layer space S1 with the heat shield 2 having only the upper surface sheet 21 and the lower surface sheet 22, or the sheet has a multilayer shape ( A plurality of air layer spaces S1 may be formed by three or more layers, but at least 1 is necessary to release moisture (water vapor) inside the heat shield 2 and to effectively exhibit a radiant heat reflection effect. The air space S1 of the layer is essential.
[0013]
Further, the “close form” between the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat shield 2 and the surface of the heat insulating material 3 means a form in which the lower surface sheet 22 and the surface of the heat insulating material 3 do not generate an air layer at the interface. It has a broad meaning including the case where it is in close contact with the pressed shape.
In addition, “substantially covering the entire outer surface of the heat insulating material 3 with a heat shielding material” is a covering protection mode in which the radiant heat blocking action on the surface of the heat insulating material 3 is substantially the same as that of the whole surface coating. Including both ends of the heat insulating material 3Part is lowered by distance DThis also includes the case where it is slightly exposed from the face sheet 22.
Further, even if the radiant heat reflecting layer Re is only the lower surface sheet 22, transmission by the radiant heat to the surface of the heat insulating material 3 can be prevented. Therefore, it is essential to provide the radiant heat reflecting layer Re to the surface of the lower surface sheet 22, but the lower surface sheet 22. If the radiant heat reflecting layer Re is also applied to the other sheets 21, 23, etc., the heat load reducing effect of the heat insulating material 3 becomes greater.
[0014]
The radiant heat reflective layer Re may be a heat ray reflective layer such as an aluminum vapor deposition film, but a metal foil layer having heat ray reflectivity such as an aluminum foil is microscopically flat and regularly reflects, a sheet material. The use of aluminum foil is particularly advantageous from the viewpoint of function, cost, and fabrication.
As the heat insulating material 3, various conventional heat insulating materials such as a glass wool heat insulating material, a rock wool heat insulating material, a glass wool compression plate, a synthetic resin foamed plate heat insulating material, and the like can be used.
[0015]
Further, in order for the heat shield 2 to reduce the load heat storage on the heat insulating material 3, it is important only to exhibit the radiant heat reflection effect, and air convection in the air layer space S1 is not necessary. In order to prevent condensation on the material 3, it is necessary to transmit water vapor (humidity) between the air layer space S 1 and the air layer S 0 outside the face material 4.
SoFaceAs shown in FIG. 4, the material 4 is provided with air circulation holes O4 at the top and bottom.And shieldThe heat material 2 is shorter than the heat insulating material 3, and the space Os is formed at the end of the air space S1 so that the top sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 do not exist on the extension L3 (FIG. 3) at both ends of the heat insulating material 3. Forming a hole O4 for air circulation on the space Os of the face material 4Therefore, even if the face material 4 is a non-moisture permeable material, the water vapor communication between the air layer space S1 and the ventilation layer S0 can be ensured.
Further, the top sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 are made to be moisture permeable through the pinholes h or the like on the entire surface, a moisture permeable material is also selected for the face material 4, and the face material 4 and the top sheet 21 are bonded to each other in a dotted or linear manner. It is good also as moisture-permeable adhesion | attachment by provision.
[0016]
Therefore, in the heat insulation structure of the present invention, since at least the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat shield 2 has the radiant heat reflection layer Re, the radiant heat heating from the outdoor side to the heat insulator 3 can be prevented, and the heat insulator 3 can be prevented. Heating from the outside of the room is only convection heat transfer and conduction heat transfer, and at the same time, condensation of the face material 4 and the heat shielding material 2 is prevented by water vapor communication between the air space S1 and the ventilation layer S0 outside the face material 4. It is possible to suppress the radiant heat reflection function deterioration due to the condensation contamination of the heat shielding material 2, so that the hygroscopic corrosion prevention of the face material 4 and the heat storage heat reduction of the heat insulating material 3 can be maintained over a long period of time. That is, an epoch-making high-performance heat insulating structure that can cope with all three elements of conduction, convection, and radiation and has high durability and high heat insulation and low heat storage can be obtained.
[0017]
AndSince the heat insulating material 2 is a sandwiched form between the heat insulating material 3 and the face material 4, contamination and deformation are protected, and if the heat insulating material 3 or the face material 4 is integrally layered, the construction is easy. If the heat insulating material 3, the heat shielding material 2, and the face material 4 are integrated in advance, it becomes easier.
Moreover, since the face material is fixed to the longitudinal members 5 and 50 and the transverse members 6 and 60 as a structural material by nailing or the like, the outer surface of the heat shielding material 2 does not protrude from the surface of the longitudinal members 5 and 50, and the outer wall An increase in the thickness of the structure can be suppressed.
That is, the heat load on the heat insulating material 3 can be reduced by the radiant heat reflection layer Re of the heat insulating material 2, the thickness of the heat insulating material itself can be reduced, and the total thickness of the heat insulating material 2 and the heat insulating material 3 is the same as the conventional thickness. Because it can be made approximately the same thickness as only the heat insulating material, it can be stored in the conventional heat insulating space regardless of the high heat insulation structure with low heat storage and high heat insulation, and the outer wall thickness is almost the same as the conventional outer wall thickness. Can be formed.
0018]
AndThe face material 4 has a hole O4 that guarantees air communication between the air layer space S1 of the heat shield material 2 and the ventilation layer S0.Because it has a surfaceAs the material 4, not only moisture-permeable materials such as structural plywood and shearing boards but also non-breathable materials such as particle boards, hard boards, and structural panels can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the air hole O2 is provided, and the hole O4 of the face member 4 and the air layer space S1 of the heat shield 2 are configured in an air communication form. Thus, the air flow A1 is generated, and the heat shielding material 2 can be released to the ventilation layer S0 with the amount of heat generated by the radiant heat reflection action, and the heat insulation function and the heat storage prevention function of the outer wall structure are further improved.
0019]
AndAs shown in FIG. 2, the heat shielding material 2 is arranged so that both end edges of the air space S1, that is, both end edges of the upper surface sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 maintain a distance D between the cross members 6, 60.PlacedIn order to prevent the radiant heat from being applied to the heat insulating material 3, it is preferable to cover the heat insulating material 3 with the face sheet 22 by covering the entire surface of the heat insulating material 3 with the lower surface sheet 22 extended from the upper surface sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23. In the case where the distance D between the horizontal members 6 and 60 of the air layer space S1 of the heat shield is small (3 to 5 cm), even if the heat insulating material 3 is exposed at the space D, the total surface area of the heat insulating material The exposed surface is negligible, and substantially the same radiant heat blocking effect can be expected from the heat insulating material 2 to the heat insulating material 3 as the covering of the entire surface. And when each sheet | seat 21,22,23 of the heat insulating material 2 is equal length, after manufacturing the heat insulating material 2 as a continuous long thing, since it can cut | disconnect to a predetermined dimension, manufacture of the heat insulating material 2 is rationalized. I can do it.
0020]
Moreover,As shown in FIG.The insulation 3At a position on the interval DOf face material 4Hole O4 exists,The hole O4 can also be used as an insertion hole for a pressing jig (not shown) for pushing the heat insulating material 3, and the jig can press the heat insulating material 3 with the extension L3 of the interval D. The heat insulating panel 1 in which the three members of the material 2 and the face material 4 are preliminarily layered together is provided, and the heat insulating panel 1 is drawn into the inside by a conventional suction means from the inside of the heat insulating panel 1 and the hole of the face material 4 Installation between the vertical members 5, 50 and the horizontal members 6, 60 is facilitated by the pushing operation using a jig from O 4.
0021]
Therefore, the heat shielding material 2 is attached so as to maintain the distance D (FIG. 2) with the cross members 6 and 60, and the air circulation space Os is provided on both ends of the air layer space S1 on the heat insulating material 3 as shown in FIG. The face material 4 has a hole O4 corresponding to the space Os.BecauseAs shown in FIG. 2, the heat shielding material upper surface sheet 21 is attached in contact with the face material 4 so as to be flush with the surfaces of the vertical members (columns 5 and 50) and the horizontal members (horizontal material 6 and base material 60). In addition, the air passage space (arrow A1) in the air layer space S1 can be secured in a form that can be suitably joined to the air passage layer S0 on the inner surface of the outer wall member through the hole O4 of the face member 4 from the space Os. Both end portions of the upper side sheet 21 can communicate with the outer surface side (ventilation layer S0) of the top sheet 21. Then, the air flow A1 (FIG. 2) in the air layer space S1 also flows from the lower end to the upper end of the air layer space S1 and becomes smooth.
0022]
Further, it is preferable that the face material 4 is moisture permeable and is integrally layered with the upper surface sheet 21 of the heat shielding material 2.Yes.
In this case, as the face material 4, a structural plywood (wood plywood) or a sizing board may be used, and the upper sheet 21 is provided with moisture permeability by pinhole scattering or the like, and is performed with a layering that does not lose moisture permeability. For example, water vapor breathing is possible over the entire surface of the face material 4 and the upper surface sheet 21, and condensation of the heat shielding material 2 and the face material 4 can be prevented.
And since the heat shielding material 2 which is relatively difficult to handle is integrated with the face material as a structural material, it is easy.
[0023]
Further, the heat shielding material 2 has a sheet 22, 23 that defines the lower surface of the air space S <b> 1 with a radiant heat reflecting layer Re on the surface, and the radiant heat reflecting layer Re includes the entire surface including the extension L <b> 3 of the heat insulating material 3. It is preferable to coatYes.
As shown in FIG. 3, the “extension portion L3” is a portion protruding from the heat shielding material 2 at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the heat insulating material 3, and the heat insulating material 3 is disposed between the vertical lateral members 6 and 60, This is a portion corresponding to the vertical distance D of the heat insulating material 3 that is generated when the heat shielding material 2 is arranged with the distance D between the horizontal members 6 and 60.
[0024]
Further, as a means for the radiant heat reflection layer Re to cover the extension L3 of the heat insulating material 3, the heat insulating material 2 has only the lower surface sheet 22 having the same length as the heat insulating material 3, and the other sheets 21, 23. Etc. may be layered on the heat insulating material 3 so as not to exist on the extension L3, or the sheets 21, 22, and 23 may have the same length. The material is manufactured in advance and layered on the heat insulating material 3, and the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 ′ (FIG. 3) separately prepared by the lower surface sheet 22 material is radiated heat on the extended portion L3 on the extended portion L3 of the heat insulating material 3. The reflection layer Re may be attached with the top surface.
[0025]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, since the heat rays are reflected for each air space S1, a small amount of heat rays transmitted through the intermediate sheet 23 can be completely prevented from being reflected by the lower surface sheet.
Moreover, since the extension L3 of the heat insulating material 3 protruding from the heat shield 2 is also covered with the radiant heat reflection layer Re, the heat ray heating on the extension L3 of the heat insulating material 3 is also reflected by the radiant heat reflection layer Re and Together with the heated air in the air layer space S1, the heated air flow A1 is discharged to the outer surface side (ventilation layer S0) of the heat shield top sheet 21, and the heat insulation material 3 is completely prevented from being heated by the radiant heat from the outdoor side. I can do it.
[0026]
Moreover, it is preferable that the sheets 21 and 23 that define the upper surface of the air space S1 have moisture permeability and waterproof properties.Yes.
In this case, in order to impart moisture permeability and waterproofness to each sheet of the heat shielding material, a number of pin holes (fine holes) h may be formed in each sheet by needling as shown in FIG.
If the top sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 exposed to the temperature difference between the air flow A0 entering the ventilation layer S0 from the outside and the air in the air layer space S1 of the heat shield 2 are moisture permeable, the heat shield Condensation in the heat shield 2 can be prevented, condensation on the radiant heat reflection layer Re of the heat shield 2 can be suppressed, and the weather resistance of the heat shield 2 can be improved.
Of course, if the lower surface sheet 22 is also moisture-permeable and waterproof, the dew condensation prevention function is further improved, and the heat insulation function deterioration due to moisture absorption of the heat insulating material 3 can be suppressed.
[0027]
Further, the face material 4 and the heat shield material 2 are connected to both end edges of the air space S12EIs attached in an integrated layer so as to communicate with the hole O4 of the face material 4, and the face material 4 is stretched on the longitudinal members 5 and 50, and the wind-proof layer 9 is stretched on the upper surface of the face material 4, and the wind-proof layer 9 It is preferable to stretch the outer wall material 8 through the ventilator edge material 7 on the top.Yes.
The windproof layer 9 is preferably a thin spunbond nonwoven fabric having high air permeability.
Therefore, since the heat shield 2 is attached as an integral part with the face material 4 as a structural material, and the windbreak layer 9 is stretched on the face material, the heat shield 2 is stretched and the windbreak layer. 9 is easy to stretch, and as shown in FIG. 2 (B), the air layer space S1 and the hole O4 communicate with each other in order to allow ventilation in the heat shield material 2, so that the face material 4 and the heat shield material sheet Selection of 21, 22, and 23 is free.
[0028]
Since the face material 4 and the heat shielding material 2 are protected by the windbreak layer 9, the inside of the heat shielding material 2 is contaminated by the outside air flowing in the ventilation layer S0, and the hole O4 of the face material 4 is formed from the rainwater ventilation layer S0. Intrusion through the windshield layer 9 can be prevented, and the moisture permeability of the windproof layer 9 can also prevent condensation in the face material 4 and the heat shield material.
Moreover, there is a vent layer S0 that conducts the outside air between the windbreak layer 9 and the outer wall member 8, and the air layer space S1 of the heat shield and the hole O4 of the face member 4 communicate with each other. The air flow A0 facilitates the discharge of the heated air flow A1 in the heat shield material 2, and the weather resistance of the outer wall material 8, the face material 4, the heat shield material 2, and the heat insulating material 3 is improved.
[0029]
Moreover, it is preferable that the heat shielding material 2 has moisture permeable and waterproof properties for all the sheets 21, 22, and 23.Yes.
Even in the sheet having the radiant heat reflection layer Re, if a large number of fine holes (pinholes) are drilled by needling treatment, it becomes moisture permeable and waterproof. In this case, as shown in FIG. What is necessary is just to give the micro hole h drilling process to all the sheets.
[0030]
Therefore, since the lower surface sheet 22 is also moisture permeable and waterproof, even if the heat insulating material 3 absorbs moisture, the water vapor (humidity) can be released from the heat insulating material 3 to the heat shielding material 2. Therefore, the degree of freedom in selecting a material to be used as a heat insulating material is increased. Moreover, the radiant heat reflective function fall by the condensation contamination of the heat insulating material 2 can also be suppressed, and the weather resistance of the heat insulating material 3 and the heat insulating material 2 improves.
[0031]
In addition, it is preferable to use the heat shielding material 2, the heat insulating material 3, and the face material 4 by previously layering them together.Yes.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat insulating material 2 is adhered to the surface of the heat insulating material 3 leaving the extended portions L3 at the upper and lower ends of the heat insulating material 3, and then the auxiliary lower surface on the extended portion L3. The sheet 22 'may be attached to form an air circulation space Os in the extension L3, and then the face material 4 may be attached to the upper surface sheet 21. In addition, the heat shield 2 may be preliminarily attached to the face material. 4, the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 ′ is adhered to the extension L 3 of the heat insulating material 3, and then the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat insulating material 2 with the surface material 4 is adhered to the exposed portion of the heat insulating material 3. You may do it.
[0032]
ObedienceTherefore, since it is an integrated panel of the face material 4, the heat shielding material 2 and the heat insulating material 3, the outer wall construction is performed by sucking the panel into the wall space Ws with the heat insulating material 3 provided with an adhesive on the side surface as the indoor side. By inserting and fixing the face member 4 to the vertical members 5, 50 and the transverse members 6, 60, the heat insulating material 3, the heat shielding material 2, and the face material 4 can be simultaneously installed in the wall space Ws. Implementation of the outer wall insulation structure can be streamlined.
Moreover, the layering integration work of the face material 4, the heat shielding material 2, and the heat insulating material 3 can be performed outside the site, and therefore, by forming a uniform heat insulating panel for the outer wall by factory production, a high quality building can be obtained. Reasonable to provide.
[0033]
Further, an interior surface material 80 is stretched on the indoor side surface of the wall space Ws via the moisture-proof sheet 10, and the lower surface sheet of the heat shielding material 2 is stretched by the integrated surface material 4 on the outdoor side of the wall space Ws. It is preferable to arrange the heat insulating material 3 in the space between the moisture barrier sheet 22 and the moisture-proof sheet 10.Yes.
[0034]
In this case, it is possible to blow and fill the amorphous heat insulating material 3 such as glass wool, but it is convenient that the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat insulating material 2 has the same size as the heat insulating material layer.
And since the heat insulating material 3 is a sealing form, it becomes possible to employ | adopt various conventional heat insulating materials including a plate-shaped heat insulating material, and the freedom degree of heat insulating material selection improves.
It is also possible to carry out the filling of the heat insulating material by injection foaming at the site of the foam heat insulating material.
Accordingly, it is possible to employ a relatively low cost heat insulating material, and it is easy to arrange the heat insulating material 3 in the wall space Ws.
[0035]
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the heat insulation panel of the present invention includes at least a top sheet 21 and a bottom sheet 22, and at least the bottom sheet 22 includes upper and lower sheets 21, 22, and 23 each having a radiant heat reflection layer Re. 21, 22 and 23 are connected by a group of standing uprights 24 and 25 which can be bent, and the heat insulating material 2 having the air space S1 is used as an intermediate layer, and the face material 4 is provided on the upper surface of the upper surface sheet 21. The heat insulating material 3 is provided on the lower surface of the lower surface sheet 22, and the heat insulating material 3 has a shape in which the extended portions L3 of both ends protrude from the edge 2E of the air space S1 of the heat shielding material 2, and the face material 4 includes at least On extension L3In this position, there is an air communication hole O4.In addition, it is layered in a form having fixing protruding edges 4E and 4E ′, and substantially the entire surface of the heat insulating material 3 is covered with the radiant heat reflection layer Re.The
[0036]
In addition, since the face material 4 needs to prevent at least dew condensation in the heat shielding material 2, a structural plywood (plywood), a moisture permeable structural plate such as a sieving board is preferable. It is particularly preferable to form the ventilation hole O4 positioned on the extension L3 of the heat insulating material 3 because air flow between the air layer space S1 and the outer surface of the face material 4 is promoted..
MaFurther, as is apparent from FIG. 3, the extended portions L3 at both ends of the heat insulating material 3 are the end portions on both sides that are not covered by the top sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 of the heat shield material 2, and the edge of the air layer space S1. 2E corresponds to the edges of the top sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 that define the top surface of the air space S1.
[0037]
Further, the extension L3 can form a space Os for guaranteeing air flow from the edge 2E of the air layer space S1, that is, from the opening to the outer surface side of the heat shield top sheet 21, that is, the ventilation layer S0. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the protective coating of the heat insulating material 3 with the heat shield 2, it is preferable that L3 is short, so the length of L3 may be around 50 mm.
Moreover, if the heat shield 2 is a two-layer configuration including only the top sheet 21 and the bottom sheet 22, a one-layer air layer space S 1 can be formed between both sheets, and the top sheet 21, the intermediate sheet 23, and the bottom sheet 22. 3, a two-layer air space S1 can be formed as shown in FIG. 3, but since the air space S1 is essential in the present invention, the upper and lower sheets are at least the upper surface sheet 21 and What is necessary is just to comprise the lower surface sheet 22.
Of course, a plurality of intermediate sheets 23 may be used, but one sheet is sufficient in terms of function.
[0038]
Further, since the face material 4 is a structural material for the panel as well as a structural material for the outer wall, the projecting edges 4E and 4E ′ are the vertical members 5 and 50 around the panel when the panel is built in a shaft assembly. And the cross members 6 and 60 are rigidly fixed, but depending on the strength of the face material 4 and the mounting structure, only the protruding edges 4E on both sides for fixing the vertical material may be provided. Since a ventilation gap can be formed at the upper and lower edges of the face material 4, it is possible to employ a face material that is a non-moisture permeable structural material and has no air holes O4 as the face material 4.
0039]
In addition, the radiant heat reflecting layer Re prevents the radiant heat load on the heat insulating material 3 and exists on the lower surface sheet 22 covering the surface of the heat insulating material 3 because the outside air is conducted in the air layer space S1. Is essential, and is present in the sheets 22 and 23 that define the lower surface of the air space S1, and is effective because the radiant heat can be eliminated by the air flow A1 (FIG. 2) for each air space S1. If the radiant heat reflecting layer Re is applied to all of the two sheets, the sheet having a reduced radiant heat reflecting function can be supplemented with another sheet, the temperature of the air in the air space S1 can be suppressed, and the radiant heat is applied to the heat insulating material 3. Blocking and thermal load reduction are more effective.
[0040]
In order to cover substantially the entire surface of the heat insulating material with the radiant heat reflective layer Re, the lower surface sheet 22 provided with the radiant heat reflective layer Re of the heat shield 2 is made longer than the other sheets 21 and 23 to insulate the heat insulating material. What is necessary is just to make it the same length as the material 3.
Further, even if the surface of the heat insulating material 3 is slightly exposed, it corresponds to substantially the entire surface coating as long as it is negligible for the radiant heat reflection function.
[0041]
Accordingly, the heat insulating panel 1 of the present invention is in the form of air communication with the outside through the space Os at both ends of the air layer space S1 at the extended portion L3 of the heat insulating material 3, so that each sheet 21 of the heat shielding material 2 is, for example. , 22 and 23 are non-ventilated and non-breathable, and even if they are fitted and fixed by the face material 4 into the wall space Ws as shown in FIG. Moisture can be absorbed and released between S1 and the air-permeable layer S0, so that dew condensation in the heat shield material 2 can be prevented, and the heat insulation capability of the air in the air layer space S1 and the radiant heat blocking function by the lower surface sheet 22 are high. Prevent heat storage.
[0042]
Moreover,Face material 4, At a position on the space OSWith hole O4Therefore,The air flow A1 from the air layer space S1 in the heat material 2 to the outer ventilation layer S0 is guaranteed, and if the heat insulating panel 1 of the present invention is arranged in the wall space Ws as shown in FIG. Prevents the heat insulating material 3 from being heated by radiant heat, and suppresses the increase in the temperature of the air in the heat shielding material 2 by the air flow A1 in the air layer space S1.
0043]
The face material 4 includes a hole O4 on the extension L3 of the heat insulating material 3.For refusalWhen the thermal panel 1 is installed in the shaft assembly, the space Os exists on the extension L3 at both ends of the heat insulating material 3 as shown in FIG. Regardless of whether or not the moisture permeability of 21, 22, 23 is present, air communication between the ventilation layer S 0 outside the face material 4 and the air layer space S 1 in the heat shielding material 2 is ensured.
Moreover, since a bar-shaped jig (not shown) can be inserted through the hole O4 of the face material 4 and the surface of the heat insulating material extension L3 can be pressed, the heat insulating panel 1 is fitted into the frame wall space Ws. Work becomes easy.
0044]
Therefore, the outer wall structure obtained is a heat insulating structure that copes with all three elements of heat transfer, that is, conduction, convection, and radiation, coupled with the suppression of conduction heat transfer of the heat insulating material 3, and is highly insulated. It becomes a revolutionary high-performance heat insulation structure with low heat storage.
Moreover, since the heat insulating material 2 reduces the heat load on the heat insulating material 3, the heat insulating material 3 can be made thinner than the conventional product, and the appearance of the outer wall without increasing the outer wall thickness due to the adoption of the heat insulating material 2 is achieved. High-performance heat-insulating outer wall with excellent heat insulation and low heat storage is strong and can be rationally constructed.
0045]
Moreover, since the heat shielding material 2 is connected to the upper and lower sheets 21, 22, and 23 by a group of standing upright pieces 24, 25, the heat shielding material 2 before the production of the heat insulating panel 1 is erected. By handling the sheets 24, 25 as a laminated form of the lying sheets 21, 22, 23, it becomes easy to store and transport, and the heat shield 2 can be handled as a laminated form even after the heat insulation panel is formed. Due to the presence of the face material 4 as a structural material provided with 4E and 4E ′, damage to the heat insulating material 3 and the heat shielding material 2 can be suppressed, and storage and transportation are easy.
0046]
Moreover, since the heat shield 2 can be handled as a laminated state of the sheets 21, 22, and 23, the pressure applied to the heat shield 2 when the face material 4, the heat shield 2, and the heat insulating material 3 are attached to the adhesive layer. Operation becomes possible, layering work is easy, and integrated layering with the heat shield material 2 by foam molding of a heat insulating material using a mold (not shown) is also easy.
0047]
Further, in the heat insulating panel 1, the face material 4 is moisture permeable, and the heat shielding material 2 is air holes O2 at both ends of the sheets 21 and 23 defining the upper surface of the air space S1, for example, as shown in FIG. It is preferable to haveYes.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the heat insulating panel 1, when the heat shielding material 2 includes two upper and lower air layer spaces S 1, the upper sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 that define the upper surface of the air layer space S 1 are provided. Air holes O2 are formed at both ends, and the sheets 21 and 23 can be vertically ventilated at both ends of the air space S1.
Therefore, the heat shielding material 2 is layered with the extension L3 shortened with respect to the heat insulating material 3, thereby facilitating covering the substantially entire surface of the heat insulating material 3 with the radiant heat reflecting layer Re, and onto the heat insulating material 3. The auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 '(FIG. 2) need not be attached.
0048]
And since the face material is moisture permeable, even if the heat shield sheets 21, 22, and 23 are not moisture permeable, the occurrence of dew condensation in the heat insulating panel 1 can be prevented in regions where the weather conditions are mild.
Of course, if holes O4 for air flow are arranged at both ends of the face material 4, when the heat insulation panel 1 is mounted in the wall space Ws, the ventilation layer on the outer surface side of the heat insulation panel 1, that is, outside the face material 4. S0 and the air layer space S1 in the heat shield 2 are brought into an air communication state by the air holes O2 and O4, and an air flow A1 that is diverted from the air flow A0 that flows through the ventilation layer S0 is also generated in the air layer space S1. Therefore, it is possible to release the air heated by the radiant heat in the heat shield 2 to the outside.
0049]
Further, if the perforation density of the air holes O2 is large at both ends of the heat shield material 2, that is, the inlet and outlet portions of the air flow A1 with the outer ventilation layer S0, the air flow A1 is the air layer. The inside of the heat shield 2 is suitably flowed from one end (lower end) to the other end (upper end) of the space S1, and a suitable chimney effect is obtained.
Therefore, as the heat shield material 2, it is possible to adopt an equal length of a plurality of upper and lower sheets, and it is easy to manufacture the heat shield material 2, and it is easy to coat the heat shield material on substantially the entire surface of the heat insulating material 3.
[0050]
In addition, it is preferable to layer the auxiliary lower surface sheet piece 22 ′ having the radiant heat reflection layer Re on the extension L 3 of the heat insulating material 3.Yes.
In this case, the heat insulating material 2 and the heat insulating material 3 are layered on the heat insulating material 2 by making the upper and lower sheets 21, 22, and 23 have the same length. 2 is layered with the heat insulating material 3 in the form of leaving the extension L3 above and below the heat insulating material 3, and then the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 'having the same width as the lower surface sheet 22 (L3 width) is attached to the heat insulating material 3. By sticking on the extension L3, the entire surface of the heat insulating material 3 can be completely covered with the radiant heat reflecting layer Re.
[0051]
Accordingly, since the sheets 21, 22, and 23 of the heat shield 2 have the same length, the sheets such as the upper sheet 21, the lower sheet 22, the intermediate sheet 23, and the standing piece are used in the manufacture of the heat shield 2 itself. 24, 25 are supplied as continuous long pieces, and each sheet 21, 22, 23 is manufactured as a laminated heat shield continuous body connected by the standing pieces 24, 25 by bonding or the like at a required location, and sequentially specified. The heat shield material 2 can be cut to a size, and the manufacture of the heat shield material 2 and the heat insulation panel 1 can be rationalized.
[0052]
Moreover, it is preferable that all the sheets 21, 22, 22 ', 23 and the face material 4 of the heat shielding material 2 have moisture permeability and waterproofness.Yes.
The provision of moisture permeability and waterproofness to the heat shielding material sheet is achieved by forming fine holes (pinholes) h by needling even if the sheet is made of aluminum foil and made non-moisture permeable by the radiant heat reflection layer Re. A large number of scattered holes may be perforated.
Moreover, what is necessary is just to select structural plywood, such as a veneer board, and a shizing board as the face material 4. FIG.
[0053]
And since all the sheets of the heat shielding material 2 and the face material 4 have moisture permeability and waterproofness, even if the heat insulating material 3 absorbs moisture from the indoor side, the heat insulating material 3 → the lower surface sheet 22 → the intermediate sheet 23 → The moisture of the heat insulating material 3 can be discharged over the entire surface through the route of the top sheet 21 → the face material 4 → the ventilation layer S0, and each sheet 21, 22, 23 and the face material 4 can self-absorb, Partial condensation due to temperature differences on the member surface can also be prevented.
Accordingly, it is possible to prevent heat ray reflectivity deterioration due to condensation contamination of the radiant heat reflection layer Re, heat insulation function deterioration due to moisture absorption of the heat insulating material 3, and corrosion due to moisture absorption of the face material 4, and the face material 4, the heat shielding material 2 and the heat insulating material 3 can be prevented. The weather resistance of is improved.
[0054]
In addition, the heat shielding material 2 has upper and lower sheets 21, 22, 23 and upright pieces 24, 25 that are paper materials and have the same length, and the upright pieces 24, 25 are bent curved surfaces 24 ', 25' at both ends. It is preferable to stick to the top sheet 21 and the bottom sheet 22Yes.
In this case, the heat insulating panel 1 exposes the extension L3 at the upper and lower ends when the heat shield 2 is layered. If the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 ′ (FIG. 3) is attached to the extension L3, the heat insulating panel 1 is insulated. Covering the entire surface of the material 3 with the radiation heat reflecting layer Re is completed.
[0055]
Therefore, since the sheets 21, 22, 23 and the upright pieces 24, 25 of the heat shield 2 are the same length, each constituent material is supplied to the roller group device as a continuous sheet, and is cut to a fixed size to each heat shield. By using the material 2, the manufacturing can be rationalized.
In addition, folding of the folding surfaces of the upright pieces 24 and 25 and application of an adhesive to the folding surfaces 24 ′ and 25 ′ are also possible during the traveling process of the sheet-like material. In addition, since the standing pieces 24 and 25 partition the air layer space S1 over the entire length in the heat shield 2, each standing piece 24 and 25 becomes an air flow guide wall, and air circulation without turbulence is possible. Become.
[0056]
Further, it is preferable that the sheets 21 and 23 and the standing pieces 24 and 25 other than the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat shielding material 2 are provided with air holes O2 and the face material 4 is provided with air circulation holes O4.Yes.
In this case, since each air layer space S1 partitioned by the upright pieces 24, 25 communicates with the air hole O2 vertically and horizontally, the inside of each air layer space S1 communicated with the ventilation layer S0 through the hole O4 of the face material 4. The air flow A1 is leveled, and the heat shield 2 as a whole has a substantially uniform air flow, and the heat load reducing action on the heat insulating material 3 of the heat shield 2 is also blocked, and the steam discharge and high temperature air discharge by ventilation are also blocked. It can be achieved smoothly as a whole thermal material.
[0057]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable that the insulating material 3 integrally fixes the spacer 50 in the middle.Yes.
In order to integrally fix the spacer 50, the heat insulating material 3 is simply bonded and fixed to both side surfaces of the spacer 50 to form the wide heat insulating material 3, and the wide heat insulating material 2 is layered on the surface of the heat insulating material.
In this case, according to the setting of the width dimension, the heat insulation panel 1 may be a width dimension between the pillars 5 and 5, and since it becomes a wide heat insulation panel having the intermediate pillar 50 in the middle, it fits in the wall space Ws. The joint fixing work can be made efficient.
Of course, the fixing of the inter-column 50 to the shaft cross members 6 and 60 may be performed by obliquely driving nails.
[0058]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Heat shield (Fig. 5)]
Prepare a paper sheet with aluminum foil on the surface in advance for the intermediate sheet 23 and the lower surface sheet 22, and prepare a paper sheet without the aluminum foil for the upper surface sheet 21. Each sheet material is subjected to needling treatment. Fine holes (pinholes) h are scattered and the width W1 of the upper surface sheet 21 and the lower surface sheet 22 is set to the dimension between the longitudinal members according to the dimension between the longitudinal members (columns 5 and 50) of the applicable wall space Ws. The width | variety of the sheet | seat 23 shall be the dimension between each standing piece 24 and 25 + folding surface 23 'of both sides.
[0059]
Moreover, as each standing piece 24 and 25, the sheet | seat without an aluminum foil is used, The width | variety is the predetermined thickness T2 (standard 30mm) of the heat-insulating material 2, + upper and lower folding surface 24 ', 25' (standard 20mm). To do.
Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), a paste is applied to the contact surfaces of the folded curved surface 23 ′ of the intermediate sheet 23 and the folded curved surfaces 24 ′, 25 ′ of the upright pieces 24, 25, and the respective sheet materials 21, 22 are applied. , 23, 24, 25 are bonded and pressed in a predetermined dimensional relationship, and the length is cut into a predetermined distance between horizontal members (horizontal material 6, foundation material 60) -upper and lower distance D (standard 50 mm).
[0060]
Therefore, the heat shielding material 2 is a roller group device (not shown) in which all the constituent members of the aluminum foil sheet, the upper surface sheet 21, the intermediate sheet 23, the lower surface sheet 22, and the upright pieces 24 and 25 are long sheets. It can be carried out rationally in the flow process of applying creases, folding, applying glue, crimping and sizing cutting, including laminating aluminum foil on paper sheets and needling treatment.
[0061]
When the upright pieces 24 and 25 of the obtained heat shielding material 2 are raised, the upper sheet 21 and the lower sheet 22 are firmly connected by the upright pieces 24 and 25 as shown in FIG. 23 is connected to each of the upright pieces 24 and 25 in the form of a bridge, the thickness T2 is secured by the upright pieces 24 and 25, and the upright pieces 24 and 25 have the same length as the respective sheets 21, 22 and 23 and are air. The heat insulation which vertically divides the layer space S1, and the sheets 21, 22, and 23 all have microscopic holes h for moisture permeation and waterproof, and the intermediate sheet 23 and the bottom sheet 22 have the radiation heat reflecting layer Re on the surface. Become a material.
[0062]
[Insulation panel (Fig. 3)]
A heat insulating material 2 having a predetermined thickness (standard 50 mm) and a laminated form in which plate-like heat insulating materials 3 such as hard urethane foam and glass wool compression plates are fitted into the predetermined wall space Ws and the standing pieces 24 and 25 are laid down. The lower surface sheet 23 is bonded to a form in which the upper and lower ends of the heat insulating material 3 are provided with the extension L3. Then, on the upper and lower extensions L3 of the heat insulating material 3, the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 ′ obtained by cutting the lower surface sheet material is bonded with the radiant heat reflection layer Re as the front.
[0063]
Further, as the face material 4, a structural plywood having a thickness of 7.5 mm and protruding from the heat insulating material 4 by 4E (standard 50 mm) and 4E ′ (50 to 100 mm) vertically is prepared. As described above, circular holes O4 (standard: 50 mm diameter) are drilled on the left and right of the position corresponding to the upper and lower extensions L3 of the heat insulating material 3, and the heat shield material upper sheet 21 and the moisture permeable form, that is, the adhesive is , Give and adhere to dotted or linear scattered.
[0064]
When the heat insulating material 2 of the obtained heat insulating panel 1 is erected, as shown in FIG. 3, the extension portions L3 at both the upper and lower ends of the surface of the heat insulating material 3 are covered with the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 ′, and other than the extension portion L3 Covered with the heat shielding material 2, the entire surface of the heat insulating material 3 is covered with the radiant heat reflection layer Re of the lower surface sheet 22 and the auxiliary lower surface sheet 22 ′, and the surface material of the structural plywood on the upper surface sheet 21 of the heat shielding material 2 4 is integrated, and the face material 4 protrudes from the both sides of the heat insulating material 3 by the protruding edges 4E, the upper and lower surfaces protrude from the heat insulating material 3 by the protruding edges 4E ', and the heat shielding material 2 has two layers of air. The layer space S1 is opened on the extension part L3 of the heat insulating material 3, and the upper and lower holes O4 of the face material 4 are the heat insulating panel 1 opened on the extension part L3 of the heat insulating material 3.
[0065]
[Insulation of outer wall (Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.4)]
In the same manner as in Conventional Example 1 (FIG. 8), as shown in FIG. 4 (A), the base material 60 is fixed on the foundation B, and the wall space Ws is formed by erecting the columns 5 and the intermediary columns 50, After the adhesive is applied to the side surface of the heat insulating material 3, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the heat insulating panel 1 (FIG. 3) of the present invention has a protruding edge 4E of the face material 4 and is a vertical material (column 5, column 50). ) Pulling from the inside of the heat insulating material 3 (suction gripping means) and surface into the wall space Ws so that the protruding edge 4E ′ is in contact with the surface of the horizontal member (horizontal member 6, base material 60) on the surface The material 4 is fitted by pressing with a bar from the hole O4, and the face material 4 is fixed to the vertical material and the horizontal material with a nail N.
[0066]
Next, on the outdoor side, a breathable non-woven breathable waterproof sheet (windproof layer) 9 is stretched over the entire surface of the face material 4 as shown in FIG. 7 is nailed and fixed to each of the vertical members 5 and 50, and the outer wall material 8 is attached on the ventilator rim material 7.
Further, on the indoor side, as shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal trunk rim material 70 that is inserted and fixed between the pillars 5 and 50, and the moisture-proof sheet (waterproof layer) 10 and the interior surface material 80 are interposed through the vertical members and the transverse members. Fix it.
[0067]
In the obtained outer wall heat insulating structure, the air flow A0 entering from the air hole (not shown) of the drainage C at the lower end of the outer wall material 8 rises the ventilation layer S0 inside the outer wall material, but the air flow A0 is one of the air flows A0. The part passes through the hole O4 of the face material 4 from the non-woven windproof layer 9 and enters the space Os of the space D between the base material 60 and the heat shield material 2 as an air flow A1, and the air layer space S1 of the heat shield material 2 is formed. The air then passes through the space Os having a distance D between the horizontal member 6 and the heat shield 2 through the hole O4 of the face member 4 and the windproof layer 9 to the ventilation layer S0.
The air inside the heat shield 2 reflects the radiant heat from the outdoor side by the radiant heat reflection layer Re and causes a higher humidity than the air in the ventilation layer S0. It flows as the air flow A1 and suppresses an excessively high temperature in the heat shield 2.
[0068]
Moreover, since the radiant heat heating part in the heat shield 2 is discharged as the air flow A1 in the air space S1 by the radiant heat reflection layer Re of the intermediate sheet 23 and the lower sheet 22, excessive heating in the heat shield 2 is not caused. Can be suppressed.
And, the heating from the outdoor side to the outer wall heat insulating material 3 is completely prevented by the radiant heat heating by the extension L3 exposed from the heat shielding material 2 of the heat insulating material 3 being also protected by the radiant heat reflecting layer Re, Only convection heating and conduction heating are used.
Therefore, since the heat insulating material 3 can reduce the heating amount as compared with the conventional outer wall heat insulating material without the heat shielding material 2, the heat insulating material thickness can be reduced, and the heat amount to the heat insulating material 3 can be reduced and the heat insulating material thickness can be reduced. Combined with the reduction of heat, heat storage from the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 3 can be remarkably reduced, and an outer wall heat insulating structure capable of following a decrease in the outside air temperature in a relatively short time is obtained.
[0069]
Moreover, since the upper surface sheet 21, the intermediate sheet 23, and the lower surface sheet 22 of the heat shielding material 2 are both provided with moisture permeability and waterproofness including pinholes (fine holes) h, and the face material 4 also has permeability. The heat insulation function lowering due to moisture absorption of the heat insulating material 3 and the moisture absorption corrosion of the face material can be suppressed, and the reflection function lowering of the radiant heat reflection layer Re due to dew condensation on the heat shielding material sheets 21, 22, 23 can also be suppressed.
And since the surface of the face material 4 is protected by the wind-proof layer 9, the function fall of the radiant heat reflection layer Re by contamination of external air conduction can be suppressed, and the weather resistance of the heat shield material 2 is also improved.
[0070]
Therefore, the outer wall heat insulating structure obtained by carrying out the present invention has a desired wall strength because the heat insulating panel 1 has a load bearing wall function by the face material 4 and a heat insulating function by the heat insulating material 2 and the heat insulating material 3. Heat transfer to the indoor side, the heat insulating material 3 deals with conduction heat transfer, which is the three elements of heat transfer, and the air flow A1 of the heat shield material deals with convection heat transfer, and radiant heat transfer. The radiant heat reflection layer Re of the heat shielding material can cope with this, and an epoch-making heat insulating structure with high heat insulation and low heat storage by a relatively thin heat insulating material thickness is obtained.
[0071]
[Others]
FIG. 7 is a modified invention in which the air space S <b> 1 can flow with the outer surface side of the top sheet 21.
That is, even if the sheets 21, 22, and 23 of the heat shielding material 2 are non-moisture permeable materials, if the appropriate number of air holes O2 are drilled in the top sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23 as shown in FIG. The air in the air layer space S <b> 1 heated by radiation inside the heat material 2 passes through the face material 4 provided with the moisture permeability and / or air circulation holes O <b> 4 covering the top sheet 21.From the air hole O2 part of the top sheet 21 and from both end edges 2EIt can be suitably eliminated to the ventilation layer S0 outside the face material 4.
[0072]
In this case, the air holes O2 are perforated at high density in the areas corresponding to the air holes O4 of the upper sheet 21 and the intermediate sheet 23, particularly the upper and lower face members 4, and the perforation at the center is reduced to 0 or less.The skyThe air circulation action in the air space S1 can be suitably exhibited.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, if air holes O2 are also formed in the partition wall surface f of the upright pieces 24 and 25, each of the parts separated by the upright pieces 24 and 25 and the intermediate sheet 23 in the heat shield material 2 is provided. The air flow A1 in the air layer space S1 communicates with each other and can be further leveled, and the ventilation function of the heat shield 2 becomes smooth.
Of course, the heat insulating material 2 is slightly shorter than the heat insulating material 3, and a slight gap (for example, around 10 mm) is formed between the upper and lower ends of the heat insulating material 2 and the lateral members 6, 60. Corresponding to the air hole O4In order toIntake and discharge of air flow A1 in the air space S1Is guaranteedBut,The formation of the extension L3 at both ends of the heat insulating material is as follows:Care must be taken to maintain the effect of substantially the entire surface coating on the insulation 3.
0073]
Further, in the embodiment example (FIG. 2), the moisture-proof sheet (waterproof layer) 10 and the interior surface material 80 are stretched on the indoor side (back surface) of the heat insulating material 3 via the lateral waist material 70. The thickness of the material and the cross member and the thickness of the heat insulating panel 1 are appropriately selected, and the back surface (interior side surface) of the heat insulating material 3 is used as the vertical member (column 5, intermediary column 50) and the cross member (horizontal member 6, base material 60). ), The interior surface material 80 and the waterproof layer 10 can be directly stretched on the vertical material and the horizontal material without the horizontal trunk rim material 70, and the construction can be rationalized.
0074]
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the heat insulating panel 1 has a face material 4 for each pillar 5, an intermediate pillar 50 insertion interval 3 </ b> G in the middle, and the heat insulating material 3 and the heat shielding material 2 on the both sides. If the dimensions are fixed between the columns 5 and 5, two heat insulating panels can be stretched simultaneously on the wall space Ws between the columns 5 and 5, and the workability is improved.
In this case, the interval 3G is set to the thickness of the spacers plus 3 mm (1.5 mm on each side), and of course, a 1.5 mm insertion gauge is provided between each heat insulating material 3 and the pillars 5.
0075]
Further, when the invention of the outer wall heat insulating structure (Claim 1) is implemented, the heat insulating panel 1 is used in the embodiment (FIG. 2), but the conventional fixing means for fixing the heat insulating material 3 in the wall space Ws is used. (Conventional example 1, Conventional example 2) and adopting a conventional heat insulating material, on the surface (outdoor surface) of the heat insulating material 3, a separate heat shield with the face material 4 of the present invention. 2, the back surface of the bottom sheet 22 is in close contact with the surface of the heat insulating material, and the projecting edges 4E and 4E ′ of the four circumferences of the face material 4 are the vertical members (columns 5 and 50) and the horizontal members (horizontal members 6). , The base material 60) may be abutted and fixed by nailing. In this case, it is convenient to use the heat insulating material 3 having a problem in surface adhesion, and the degree of freedom of selection of the heat insulating material 3 is great. Therefore, it is also advantageous for renovation construction.
0076]
In addition, the heat insulating panel 1 is provided with a lower surface sheet 22 having a radiant heat reflecting layer Re as the heat insulating material 2 in the same length as the heat insulating material 3, and an intermediate sheet 23 having the radiant heat reflecting layer Re and the radiant heat reflecting layer Re. The upper surface sheet 21 is prepared in a short length by the extension L3 at both ends of the heat insulating material 3, and the standing pieces 24 and 25, the upper surface sheet 21, the intermediate sheet 23, and the lower surface sheet 22 are manually bonded and connected to block the sheet. The heat material 2 may be manufactured and layered on the heat insulating material 3.
In this case, it is possible to form a heat insulating material 2 with a sheet material having a relatively large rigidity and retention, such as thick paper or plastic material, which is difficult to process with a roller device. It is suitable for the case of adopting the type or the on-site filling foam type.
0077]
【The invention's effect】
In the outer wall heat insulating structure of the present invention, since the radiant heat reflection layer Re of the heat shield 2 prevents radiant heat heating from the outdoor side to the heat insulating material 3, the heating load from the outdoor side to the heat insulating material 3 is convective heat transfer. Only the heat transfer is conducted, and the heat shield 2 prevents the condensation inside the heat insulation structure by the water vapor communication between the air space S1 and the outside of the face material 4, the condensation contamination of the radiant heat reflection layer Re, the moisture absorption of the heat insulation 3 In order to prevent functional deterioration and hygroscopic corrosion of the face material 4 as a structural material, the heat load from the outdoor side to the heat insulating material 3 is applied to the heat insulating material in the conventional outer wall heat insulating structure while being highly durable. Compared to the heating load, it can be greatly reduced.
0078]
Therefore, the heat insulating material 3 can be made thin and the heat load applied to the heat insulating material 3 can be reduced, so that the heat storage amount of the heat insulating material 3 can be greatly reduced, and the decrease in the outside air temperature can be followed in a short time. Therefore, it is possible to provide an energy-saving outer wall insulation structure in buildings, particularly in detached houses.
Further, since the heat insulating material 3 can be made relatively thin, the thickness of the heat insulating material 2 + the heat insulating material 3 is also similar to the conventional heat insulating material thickness of the same material, and in the conventional frequently used outer wall heat insulating structure shown in FIG. The heat shielding material 2 and the heat insulating material 3 can be disposed in the space of the heat insulating material, and it is possible to provide a high heat insulating and low heat storage outer wall heat insulating structure without increasing the outer wall thickness. This invention is an extremely practical invention.
0079]
Further, the heat insulating panel 1 (FIG. 3) in which both end portions of the heat insulating material 3 have the extension portion L3 and are layered with the heat shielding material 2 and are integrally layered with the structural face material 4 is adopted for the outer wall heat insulating structure.To doJust by fitting the heat insulating panel 1 to the wall space Ws and nailing and fixing the face material 4 to the longitudinal member 5 and the transverse member 6 of the shaft assembly, the arrangement of the heat insulating material 3 and the heat insulating material 2 is the structural face material. 4 can be carried out rationally, and the construction of the outer wall heat insulating structure with high heat insulation and low heat storage can be rationalized.
Moreover, since the air layer space S1 of the heat shield 2 is open on the heat insulating material extension L3, the top sheet 21 of the heat shield 2 is layered on the face 4 and the surfaces of the longitudinal members 5 and 50 Even if it is mounted flush, the necessary air flow A1 can be ensured from the air layer space S1 in the heat shield material through the space Os on the extension L3 to the outer ventilation layer S0. The outer wall heat insulation structure that stores heat and prevents condensation can be rationally implemented.
0080]
In addition, as shown in FIG.TheetcBy making it longIt is possible to manufacture the heat shield 2 as a continuous long body and cut each heat shield to a predetermined size, thereby streamlining the manufacture of the heat shield 2 and the production of the heat insulation panel 1.The
ObedienceThus, each heat insulating panel of the present application can be easily adopted not only at the time of new construction of a building but also in a renovation heat insulating structure of the outer wall of a building in use, and the invention of the heat insulating panel of the present application is an extremely practical invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an outer wall heat insulating structure of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are explanatory views of an outer wall heat insulating structure of the present invention, in which FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along line BB in FIG.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views of the heat insulation panel of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a perspective view, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
4A and 4B are explanatory diagrams of construction of an outer wall heat insulating structure of the present invention, in which FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a vertical member arrangement state, and FIG. 4B is a heat insulating material 3, a heat insulating material 2, and a face material 4 in a wall space Ws. The perspective view of the state arrange | positioned, (C) is CC sectional drawing of (B), (D) is DD sectional drawing of (B).
FIGS. 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams of a heat shield material 2 used in the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is a bent state explanatory diagram, and FIG. 5B is a standing state explanatory diagram;
6A and 6B are modifications of the heat insulating panel of the present invention, in which FIG. 6A is a perspective view, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.
7A and 7B are explanatory views of a heat shield material used for another heat insulating panel of the present invention, in which FIG. 7A is an overall perspective view, and FIG. 7B is a perspective view with a top sheet 21 removed.
8A and 8B are modifications of the heat insulating panel of the present invention, in which FIG. 8A is an overall perspective view, FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. It is.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams of the first conventional example, in which FIG. 9A is a partially cutaway perspective view from the outdoor side, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
10 is a transverse sectional view of Conventional Example 2. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: heat insulation panel, 2: heat insulation material, 2E: edge, 3: heat insulation material, 4: face material (structural plywood), 4E, 4E ′: protruding edge,
5: Pillar (vertical material), 6: Horizontal member (horizontal material), 7: Venting edge material,
8: Exterior wall material, 9: Windproof layer (moisture permeable waterproof sheet),
10: waterproof layer (moisture-proof sheet),
21: top sheet, 22: bottom sheet,
22 ': Auxiliary bottom sheet, 23: Intermediate sheet, 24, 25: Standing piece,
23 ', 24', 25 ': Folded surface,
50: Space pillar (vertical material), 60: Base material (cross member),
70: horizontal waist material, 80: interior surface material, A0, A1: air flow,
D: Interval, L3: Extension, O2: Air hole,
O4: Hole, Re: Radiant heat reflection layer, S0: Ventilation layer, S1: Air layer space, Ws: Wall space
