JP3664505B2 - Method and apparatus for producing stereoscopic photographs - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a stereoscopic photograph using a lenticular screen.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a method for producing a stereoscopic photograph using a lenticular screen is known.
[0003]
According to a known production method, first, a subject such as a landscape or a person is photographed multiple times while moving the camera by a certain distance in the horizontal direction, thereby producing a series of negatives. To do. Next, the above-described series of negatives is formed so that a band-like image compressed by the lens is continuously formed below the respective lenses of the lenticular screen on the photographic material for stereoscopic photography having a lenticular screen attached to the surface. The exposure is performed by changing the parallel position of each negative and the printing material by a certain distance. Then, a three-dimensional photograph is obtained by developing the photosensitive material.
[0004]
However, in the above-described conventional manufacturing method, it is difficult for the person to be completely stationary when shooting the subject, and thus the person moves during the multiple shootings. In addition to animals and cars in the landscape, flowers and trees move by the wind. Therefore, there is a problem that the obtained stereoscopic photograph becomes unclear.
[0005]
In order to solve this problem, it has been proposed to use a special camera in which a plurality of cameras are arranged in a linear form and a plurality of negatives are photographed by one photographing.
[0006]
However, since this special camera cannot change the pitch between the cameras, if the distance to the subject is out of a predetermined range, the stereoscopic effect is lost or unnatural.
[0007]
Further, in the above-described conventional manufacturing method, since it is necessary to take a 3D photograph in a place where a subject to be a 3D photograph exists, much time and labor are required for the shooting.
[0008]
The applicant previously proposed a method for solving the above-mentioned problem as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-293733.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-293733 described above, there is an advantage that a stereoscopic photograph can be arbitrarily created from a planar image regardless of the type of subject.
[0010]
However, in this case, an arbitrary parallax can be obtained between the images, and any stereo effect can be obtained as a whole, but each image itself has no stereo effect and is flat. Can only be seen.
[0011]
Therefore, there is no problem when using originally a flat image such as an image of the front of a building or an image of a wall as a theme, or an image having a relatively small area, but the wall of the building is viewed obliquely. When an image with a depth or an image with a relatively large area, such as an image, an image of the front of a ship, or an image of a tree, is used as a subject, the image itself appears only in a plane. It may be an unnatural stereoscopic photograph.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can create a stereoscopic photograph from a planar image regardless of the type of the object, and can create a more natural stereoscopic photograph. An object is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a photograph.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of planar images are used as a material image group, and a plurality of images selected from the material image group are substantially composed of secondary image planes. A composite image is created by arranging the image on the top, and three or more composite images having different positional relationships between the images arranged on the composite image plane are produced, and the lenticular is based on the three or more composite images. A method for producing a screen-type stereoscopic photograph, wherein the material image group includes one or a plurality of stereoscopic images including three or more planar images having different parallaxes for the same object. An image group is included, and at the time of producing the three or more composite images, at least one stereoscopic image group is selected from the material image group, and each of the three or more composite images is selected. In a group of stereoscopic images A method of arranging different images.
[0014]
The method according to the invention of claim 2 is a method of arranging each image of the stereoscopic image group as a key in a stereoscopic photograph.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing the three or more synthesized images on a computer memory.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus according to the invention of claim 4 uses a plurality of planar images as a material image group, and substantially selects a plurality of images selected from the material image group. A composite image is prepared by arranging on the composite image plane which is the next plane, and three or more composite images having different positional relationships of images arranged on the composite image plane are prepared, and the three or more an apparatus for producing a three-dimensional photographs of the lenticular screen method, based on the composite image, one or more three-dimensional images group consisting different three or more planar images of the parallax to the same object An image memory for storing a plurality of planar images and a plurality of images selected from the image memory and including different images in at least one stereoscopic image group at predetermined positions To store A plurality of frame memories; a position specifying means for specifying the position of the image on the frame memory; a combining means for combining the images stored in the plurality of frame memories to create a combined image; And a means for printing the produced composite image on a film.
[0016]
Device according to the invention of claim 5, include one or more three-dimensional images group consisting different three or more planar images of the parallax to the same object, a plurality of planar images An image memory to be stored; and a plurality of frame memories for storing a plurality of images selected from the image memory and including different images in at least one stereoscopic image group at predetermined positions; The position designation means for designating each position on the screen of the plurality of frame memories and the image stored in the plurality of frame memories are synthesized in an arrangement according to the position of each frame memory. The image forming apparatus includes a combining unit that generates a combined image and a unit that prints the generated combined image on a film.
[0017]
[Action]
In the produced stereoscopic photograph, the portion where the stereoscopic image is arranged has a stereoscopic effect. In addition, each image including a stereoscopic image can have a sense of perspective according to the amount of movement of the positional relationship arranged in each composite image.
[0018]
The image memory MP stores a plurality of planar images DP1 to 8 including the stereoscopic image group GT1. In the frame memory MF, an image selected from the image memory MP is arranged at a predetermined position. The position designation means CB designates the position of the image on the frame memory MF or the position on the screen of the frame memory MF. The synthesizing means CC creates a synthesized image by synthesizing the images stored in the plurality of frame memories MF. The printing means 16 prints the produced composite image on a film.
[0019]
【Example】
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present invention.
The manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a processing device 11, an image scanner 12, a magnetic disk device 13, a magneto-optical disk device 14, a display device 15, a printer device 16, a keyboard 17, a mouse 18, and the like.
[0020]
The image scanner 12 reads planar images PI such as photographs, illustrations, paintings, texts, etc., and converts them into image data DP. The image PI includes an image composed of one image PIs for one object and an image PI composed of a plurality of planar images PIt having different parallaxes for one object. The former image PIs may be referred to as “single image”, and the latter image PIt may be referred to as “stereoscopic image”. The entire set of single images and stereoscopic images is referred to as a “material image group”. A set of stereoscopic images for one object is referred to as a “stereoscopic image group”. Therefore, the stereoscopic image group is included in the material image group.
[0021]
The magnetic disk device 13 and the magneto-optical disk device 14 store image data DP and other various data. The image data DP stored in the magnetic disk device 13 or the magneto-optical disk device 14 is read by the processing device 11 as necessary. The image data DP includes image data DP obtained by photographing with a video camera or a still camera, image data DP created by computer graphics, and the like in addition to the data read from the image scanner 12.
[0022]
The display device 15 displays image data DP stored in the magnetic disk device 13 or the magneto-optical disk device 14, a composite image PS created by combining a plurality of image data DP, and the like.
[0023]
The printer device 16 prints image data DP or composite image PS on a film. The film includes paper and photographic paper. The printing by the printer device 16 includes a process of printing the image PI on a film or the like.
[0024]
The keyboard 17 and the mouse 18 are used for inputting a command to the processing device 11, inputting a message, specifying an image position on the frame memory MF or the screen HG, or specifying a frame position on the screen HG.
[0025]
The processing device 11 includes a plurality of frame memories MF (frame memories MF11-14, MF21-24, MF31-34), a memory for storing the composite image PS, an image memory MP for storing the image data DP, and the like. Is provided (see FIG. 11).
[0026]
The processing device 11 selects and reads out the image data DP instructed by the keyboard 17 or the like from the image data DP stored in the magnetic disk device 13 or the magneto-optical disk device 14, and performs predetermined processing in a predetermined frame memory MF. A process of writing in the position, a process of moving the frame memory MF in which the image data DP has been written to a position designated by the keyboard 17 or the like, a process of moving the image data DP written in the frame memory MF to a designated position, a plurality of In addition to processing to synthesize the image data DP written in each frame memory MF and output it as one synthesized image PS, the entire manufacturing apparatus 1 is controlled.
[0027]
The functions of the processing device 11 correspond to the position specifying unit CB and the combining unit CC in the present invention, and the memory provided in the processing device 11 corresponds to the image memory MP and the frame memory MF in the present invention.
[0028]
Next, a method of producing a lenticular screen type stereoscopic photograph by the production apparatus 1 will be described.
In order to produce a stereoscopic photograph, the production apparatus 1 uses the material image group GP to produce a plurality of synthesized images PS1 to PS3 having different parallaxes.
[0029]
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the images PI1 to PI8 of the material image group GP.
In FIG. 3, as the material image group GP, five single images PI1 to 4,8 and one stereoscopic image group GT1 including three stereoscopic images PI5 to 7 are shown. The three-dimensional images PI <b> 5 to 7 are images of buildings that are objects (subjects) taken from three different positions in the horizontal direction. These images PI1 to 8 are embodied as, for example, a photographic film or a photograph printed on a photographic paper.
[0030]
The images PI1-8 of the material image group GP are read by the image scanner 12, and are stored in the magnetic disk device 13 as image data DP1-8, respectively.
[0031]
Next, a planar image of a stereoscopic photograph to be produced is produced.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the composite image PS1 that is the basis of the stereoscopic photograph.
In FIG. 4, the composite image PS1 is configured by arranging images PI1 to PI5 in the material image group GP. In the composite image PS1, the background image PI1 is the reference for the movement distance. The image PI3, the image PI2, and the image PI4 are separated from the image PI1 by distances L1, L2, and L3, respectively. The image PI2 and the image PI5 are separated by a distance L4.
[0032]
For such a composite image PS1, images PI1 to 5 are sequentially selected from the material image group GP by instructing with the keyboard 17 or the mouse 18 while viewing the screen HG of the display device 15, and are arranged at predetermined positions. It is produced by. The produced composite image PS1 is stored in the main memory or the frame memory MF of the processing device 11.
[0033]
Then, the composite image PS1 is transferred to the frame memories MF11-14. The same image data as the composite image PS1 is written into the frame memories MF11 to MF14. Unnecessary images PI are erased from the frame memories MF11 to MF14, respectively, and only the necessary images PI are left. As a result, frame images PF11 to PF14 in which images PI corresponding to respective perspective positions are written on the frame memories MF11 to MF14 are produced.
[0034]
7 to 10 are diagrams illustrating examples of the frame images PF11 to PF 14, respectively. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the frame image PF and the composite image PS.
A frame image PF11 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by deleting the images PI1, 2, 4, and 5 from the composite image PS1 and leaving only the image PI3. A frame image PF12 shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by deleting the images PI1, 3, and 4 from the composite image PS1 and leaving only the images PI2 and 5. A frame image PF13 shown in FIG. 9 is obtained by deleting the images PI1, 2, 3, and 5 from the composite image PS1 and leaving only the image PI4. A frame image PF14 shown in FIG. 10 is obtained by deleting the images PI2, 3, 4, and 5 from the composite image PS1 and leaving only the image PI1.
[0035]
That is, when these frame images PF11 to 14 are combined, a combined image PS1 is obtained.
In producing the frame images PF11 to 14, the images PI that are desired to have the same perspective position are left in the same frame memories MF11 to MF14. In this example, the image PI2 and the image PI5 are left in the frame memory MF12. Also, the image PI that is desired to be closer to the perspective position is left in the order of the frame memory MF11, the frame memory MF12, the frame memory MF13,. Therefore, the images PI whose perspective positions are the same are left in the frame memories MF11 to MF14, the frame image PF11 is the closest position, and the frame image PF12, the frame image PF13, and the frame image PF14 are distant in this order. .
[0036]
Next, a composite image PS2 is created.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the composite image PS2.
In producing the composite image PS2, the frame images PF11 to PF13 are moved in the same horizontal direction (right direction) by distances a, b, and c, respectively. The moving distances a, b, and c of the frame images PF11 to 13 are the largest in the frame image PF11 having the closest perspective position, and the moving images a, b, and c become smaller in the order of the frame image PF12 and the frame image PF13. Therefore,
a>b> c
It is. The frame image PF14 is not moved.
[0037]
The moved frame images PF11 to 13 and frame image PF14 are transferred to the frame memories MF21 to MF24, and are set as frame images PF21 to PF24. Since the frame image PF14 is not moved, the content of the frame image PF24 is at the same position as the content of the frame image PF14. For the stereoscopic image PI5 selected from the stereoscopic image group GT1, the stereoscopic image PI5 is replaced at the same position as the stereoscopic image PI6. Accordingly, the frame image PF22 is obtained by moving the position of the frame image PF12 and replacing the image PI5 with the image PI6. When these frame images PF21 to PF24 are combined, a combined image PS2 is obtained. The composite image PS2 can be displayed on the screen HG, and can be printed by the printer device 16.
[0038]
Next, a composite image PS3 is created.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the composite image PS3.
In preparation of the composite image PS3, the frame images PF11 to PF13 are moved in the same lateral direction (rightward direction) by distances 2a, 2b, and 2c that are twice as large as those of the composite image PS2. The frame image PF14 is not moved.
[0039]
The moved frame images PF11 to PF14 are transferred to the frame memories MF31 to 34 to be frame images PF31 to 34. For the stereoscopic image PI5 selected from the stereoscopic image group GT1, the stereoscopic image PI5 is replaced at the same position as the stereoscopic image PI7. Therefore, the frame image PF32 is obtained by moving the position of the frame image PF12 and replacing the image PI5 with the image PI7. When these frame images PF31 to 34 are combined, a combined image PS3 is obtained. The composite image PS3 can be displayed on the screen HG, and can be printed by the printer device 16.
[0040]
Now, the frame images PF11 to 14, PF21 to 24, and PF31 to 34 are produced as described above, and based on these, the synthesized images PS1 to PS3 are printed on the film by the printer device 16. As the composite images PS1 to 3 on the film, either a negative image or a positive image can be selected.
[0041]
Using a series of films on which the composite images PS1 to 3 are printed, a 3D photographic film having a lenticular screen is exposed to be printed to produce a 3D photograph. As a method for printing an image, for example, various known methods as disclosed in JP-A-2-293733 can be used.
[0042]
In the printing, the image PI2, which is a key, is moved when the composite images PS1 to 3 are produced. Therefore, when the print film is exposed, the image PI2 is moved in the reverse direction corresponding to the moving distance of the image PI2. Move to. By doing so, the key image PI2 is fixed and appears clearly in the stereoscopic photograph.
[0043]
According to the above-described embodiment, the material image group GP includes the single images PI1 to PI4 and 8 and the plurality of stereoscopic images PI5 to 7 constituting the stereoscopic image group GT1, and the composite image PS1. In the production of ~ 3, at least one stereoscopic image group GT1 is selected from the material image group GP, and different images PI5 to 5 in the selected stereoscopic image group GT1 are selected for each of the composite images PS1 to PS3. 7 is arranged, a stereoscopic photograph can be created from a planar image regardless of the type of the object, and a stereoscopic effect can be obtained from itself when the stereoscopic images PI5 to 7 are used. It is possible to create a more natural stereoscopic photograph.
[0044]
Therefore, even if there is a possibility of moving an object such as a person or an animal, it is possible to create a clear stereoscopic photograph based on a single photograph taken in a stationary state without using a special camera. it can. Even if it is not a photo taken specifically for stereo photography, you can create a stereo photo based on normal photos and illustrations, so you can use any image that you have at hand and create a stereo photo Time and cost are significantly reduced. In addition, things that existed in the past but do not already exist, imaginary objects, antique paintings, etc. can also be made into 3D photographs.
[0045]
As described above, various images are stored as the material image group GP, or are read by the image scanner 12 to construct a database of the image data DP, thereby selecting and selecting images from a wide range. A stereoscopic photograph can be produced by arranging each image at an arbitrary position in the perspective position.
[0046]
In general, a distant image in a perspective position of a stereoscopic photograph tends to be flat, but according to the above-described embodiment, by capturing the stereoscopic image PIt so as to obtain an appropriate stereoscopic effect, the distant image is distant. Even when it is arranged at a position, a sufficient stereoscopic effect can be obtained.
[0047]
In the above-described embodiment, the stereoscopic image group GT1 is arranged in the same frame memory MF12, 22, 32 as the key image PI2, but may be arranged in another frame memory MF. Although only one stereoscopic image group GT1 is selected, a plurality of stereoscopic image groups GT may be selected. In that case, the stereoscopic images PIt may be arranged in the same frame memory MF or in different frame memories MF. One stereoscopic image PI5-7 in the stereoscopic image group GT1 may be used in the same manner as the normal single images PI1-4, not as a stereoscopic image.
[0048]
In the above embodiment, four frame memories MF are used to create one composite image PS, but three or less or five or more may be used. Although the three composite images PS1 to 3 are produced, two or four or more composite images PS may be produced. In producing the frame images PF11 to 14, the unnecessary image PI is deleted from the composite image PS1, but the necessary images PI1 to PI8 may be arranged in the frame memories MF11 to MF14. Although the frame images PF31 to PF31 were generated from the frame images PF11 to 14 that were first generated, they may be generated from the frame images PF21 to 24 that were previously generated. In producing the frame images PF21 to 24 and PF31 to 34, the frame image PF14 in which the background image PI1 is written is fixed without being moved, but the frame image PF12 in which the key image PI2 is written may be fixed. . In this case, the key image PI2 may be fixed when the stereoscopic photograph is printed.
[0049]
In the above-described embodiment, three types of frame images PF11 to 14, PF21 to 24, and PF31 to 34 are generated in order to obtain the composite images PS1 to PS3, but one type of frame corresponding to one composite image PS1. Only the images PF11 to 14 are produced, and for the other composite images PS2 and 3, the moving distance or relative position with respect to the frame images PF11 to 14 is stored in the memory, and the composite images PS2 and 3 are displayed or printed. In doing so, the frame images PF11 to 14 may be moved by a distance stored in the memory. By doing so, the memory capacity of the frame memory MF is reduced. The frame memory MF may be any memory that can store the image data DP and specify the position thereof.
[0050]
In the above-described embodiment, the image data DP read by the image scanner 12 may be subjected to various processes such as compression, expansion, correction, movement, rotation, inversion, mirror, color conversion, edge enhancement, and blurring. . Alternatively, an image for a lenticular screen type stereoscopic photograph may be created from the three composite images PS1 to 3 stored in the memory by calculation, and the image may be printed on a photographic film or photographic paper.
[0051]
In the above-described embodiment, the composite image PS is produced by the production apparatus 1 using a computer. However, without using the production apparatus 1, a composite image can be obtained by cutting and pasting a film or paper, or by taking a photograph. PS may be produced. In addition, each part or the whole structure of the manufacturing apparatus 1, the content of processing, an order, etc. can be changed suitably according to the main point of this invention.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a stereoscopic photograph can be created from a planar image regardless of the type of the object, and a more natural stereoscopic photograph can be created.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating each image of a material image group.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a composite image that is a basis of a stereoscopic photograph.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a composite image.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a composite image.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame image.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame image.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame image.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame image.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a frame image and a composite image.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Production device 16 Printer device (printing means)
PS1-3 Composite image PI1-8 Image GP Material image group GT1 Stereo image group MP Image memory MF Frame memory CB Position designation means CC Composition means

Claims (5)

A plurality of planar images are used as a material image group, and a plurality of images selected from the material image group are arranged on a composite image plane which is substantially a secondary plane to create a composite image. In addition, three or more composite images having different positional relationships of images arranged on the composite image plane are produced, and a lenticular screen type stereoscopic photograph is produced based on the three or more composite images. A method,
Wherein in the material image group, contains one or more stereocenters for images consisting of different three or more planar images of the parallax to the same object,
In producing the three or more composite images, at least one stereoscopic image group is selected from the material image group, and each of the three or more composite images is selected from the selected stereoscopic image group. Arrange different images,
A method for producing a three-dimensional photograph. Each image of the stereoscopic image group is arranged as a key in a stereoscopic photograph.
The method for producing a stereoscopic photograph according to claim 1. Creating the three or more composite images on a memory of a computer;
The method for producing a stereoscopic photograph according to claim 1. A plurality of planar images are used as a material image group, and a plurality of images selected from the material image group are arranged on a composite image plane which is substantially a secondary plane to create a composite image. In addition, three or more composite images having different positional relationships of images arranged on the composite image plane are produced, and a lenticular screen type stereoscopic photograph is produced based on the three or more composite images. A device,
Include one or more three-dimensional images group consisting different three or more planar images of the parallax to the same object, and an image memory for storing a plurality of planar images,
A plurality of frame memories for selecting and storing a plurality of images selected from the image memory and including different images in at least one stereoscopic image group at predetermined positions;
Position specifying means for specifying the position of the image on the frame memory;
Combining means for combining the images stored in the plurality of frame memories to produce a combined image;
Means for printing the produced composite image on a film;
A three-dimensional photo production apparatus characterized by comprising: A plurality of planar images are used as a material image group, and a plurality of images selected from the material image group are arranged on a composite image plane which is substantially a secondary plane to create a composite image. In addition, three or more composite images having different positional relationships of images arranged on the composite image plane are produced, and a lenticular screen type stereoscopic photograph is produced based on the three or more composite images. A device,
Include one or more three-dimensional images group consisting different three or more planar images of the parallax to the same object, and an image memory for storing a plurality of planar images,
A plurality of frame memories for selecting and storing a plurality of images selected from the image memory and including different images in at least one stereoscopic image group at predetermined positions;
Position designation means for designating each position on the screen of the plurality of frame memories;
Synthesizing means for synthesizing images stored in the plurality of frame memories in an arrangement corresponding to the position of each frame memory to produce a synthesized image;
Means for printing the produced composite image on a film;
A three-dimensional photo production apparatus characterized by comprising:

Images