JP3657484B2

JP3657484B2 - Circularly polarized wave generator

Info

Publication number: JP3657484B2
Application number: JP35176299A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 尚史米田; 守▲やす▼ 宮▲ざき▼
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date: 1999-12-10
Filing date: 1999-12-10
Publication date: 2005-06-08
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-10
Also published as: EP1158594B1; US20020125968A1; EP1158594A1; WO2001043219A1; AU763473B2; CA2361541C; CN1340223A; EP1158594A4; AU1734301A; DE60045070D1; JP2001168601A; CN101242018A; CA2361541A1; US6664866B2

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、主としてＶＨＦ帯、ＵＨＦ帯、マイクロ波帯およびミリ波帯で用いられる円偏波発生器に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
図１５は例えば電子通信学会論文誌（１９８０年９月発行、Ｖｏｌ．６３−Ｂ，Ｎｏ．９，ｐｐ９０８〜９１５）に示された従来の円偏波発生器の概略構成図であり、図において、１は円形導波管、２は円形導波管１の管軸Ｃ１に対して対をなして円形導波管１の側壁より挿入され、かつ、円形導波管１の管軸Ｃ１方向に対して一定の間隔で配列された複数の金属ポスト、Ｐ１は入力端、Ｐ２は出力端である。また、図１６は従来の水平偏波と垂直偏波の電磁界分布を示す説明図である。
【０００３】
次に動作について説明する。
いま、円形導波管１を伝搬可能なある周波数帯ｆの直線偏波が、円形導波管１中を基本伝送モード（ＴＥ１１モード）にて伝搬してきて、かつ、図１５中に示すようにその偏波面が金属ポスト２の挿入面より４５度傾いて入力端Ｐ１より入射してきたとする。このとき、入射した直線偏波は、金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し垂直となる直線偏波と金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し水平となる直線偏波が同相で入射してきたものの合成波と見なすことができる。ここで、図１６の右図に示すように、金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し垂直となる偏波成分は、電界が金属ポスト２と垂直に交わるため、ほとんど金属ポスト２に影響されることなく円形導波管１内を通過して出力端Ｐ２より出射される。これに対し、図１６の左図に示すように、金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し水平となる偏波成分は、磁界が金属ポスト２と垂直に交わるため、金属ポスト２が容量性サセプタンスとして働き、通過位相が遅れることになる。
【０００４】
以上のように、図１５の円偏波発生器は、金属ポスト２がその挿入面に対し水平となる偏波成分に対して容量性サセプタンスとして働くので、出力端Ｐ２より出射される金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し垂直となる偏波成分と、金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し水平となる偏波成分との通過位相差が９０度となるように金属ポスト２の本数、間隔、および挿入長を適当に設計することにより、出力端Ｐ２より出射される両偏波成分の合成波は円偏波となる。即ち、入力端Ｐ１より入射した直線偏波が、入力端Ｐ２より円偏波として出力されることになる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の円偏波発生器は以上のように構成されているので、円形導波管１内に金属ポスト２を突き出す構成であり、その結果、円形導波管１内の電界分布が密なるところに外乱を与え、位相遅延させるものなので、金属ポスト２の円形導波管１内への挿入量の微妙な変化によって大きく位相遅延量あるいは反射量が変化し、所望の通過位相特性あるいは反射振幅特性を得るための調整に多大な時間を要し、量産化と低廉化が困難であるという課題があった。
また、円形導波管１内の電界分布が密なるところに複数の金属物である金属ポスト２を突き出すことになるため、円偏波発生器としての耐電力性および低損失性が劣化するという課題があった。
【０００６】
この発明は上記のような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、高性能で低価格な円偏波発生器を得ることを目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造をなし、中心部で容積が大きく、入力端および出力端方向に容積が小さくなるように、上記円形導波管の側壁に管軸方向に沿って配列された第１から第ｎ（ｎは３以上の整数）の側溝を設置したものである。
【０００８】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造をなし、中心部で容積が大きく、入力端および出力端方向に容積が小さくなるように、上記円形導波管の側壁に管軸方向に沿って配列された第１から第ｎ（ｎは３以上の整数）の側溝を設置すると共に、上記円形導波管の側壁において第１〜第ｎの側溝とその円形導波管の管軸を挟んで向かい合う位置に対称構造となるように第ｎ＋１から第２ｎの側溝を設置したものである。
【０００９】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、側溝の管軸方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状としたものである。
【００１０】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、側溝の管軸方向と周方向に関する断面形状を両端において半円状としたものである。
【００１１】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状としたものである。
【００１２】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を半円状としたものである。
【００１３】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を扇状としたものである。
【００１４】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、側溝に対し、誘電体を設置したものである。
【００１５】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管と、上記第１から第ｍの円形導波管の各々の間に挿入され、長辺が円形導波管の直径よりも長く、短辺がそれら円形導波管の直径よりも短い第１から第ｍ−１の方形導波管とを備えたものである。
【００１６】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管を同軸上に並べると共に、それら第１から第ｍの円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造となるように第１から第ｍ−１の方形導波管を設置したものである。
【００１７】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管と、上記第１から第ｍの円形導波管の各々の間に挿入され、長径が円形導波管の直径よりも長く、短径がそれら円形導波管の直径よりも短い第１から第ｍ−１の楕円形導波管とを備えたものである。
【００１８】
この発明に係る円偏波発生器は、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管を同軸上に並べると共に、それら第１から第ｍの円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造となるように第１から第ｍ−１の楕円形導波管を設置したものである。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の一形態を説明する。
実施の形態１．
図１はこの発明の実施の形態１による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１１は円形導波管、１２は円形導波管１１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように円形導波管１１の側壁に管軸Ｃ１方向に沿って配列された複数個の側溝である。また、図２はこの発明の実施の形態１における入射波の電磁界分布を示す説明図、図３はこの発明の実施の形態１における水平偏波と垂直偏波の電磁界分布を示す説明図である。
【００２０】
次に動作について説明する。
いま、円形導波管１１を伝搬可能なある周波数帯ｆの直線偏波が、円形導波管１１の基本伝送モード（ＴＥ１１モード）にて伝搬してきて、かつ、図２に示すようにその偏波面が複数個の側溝１２の設置面より４５度傾いて入力端Ｐ１より入射してきたとする。このとき、入射した直線偏波は、図３に示すように側溝１２の設置面に対し垂直となる直線偏波と側溝１２の設置面に対し水平となる直線偏波が同相で入射してきたものの合成波と見なすことができる。ここで、図３の左図に示すように、側溝１２の設置面に対し水平となる偏波成分では、電界が水平に入るところに側溝１２があるため、遮断効果によりほとんど側溝１２に影響されることなく円形導波管１１内を通過して出力端Ｐ２より出射される。これに対し、図３の右図に示すように、側溝１２の設置面に対し垂直となる偏波成分は、電界が垂直に入るところに側溝１２があるため、電界が側溝１２に入り込む影響により等価的に管内波長が短くなり、側溝１２を有する円形導波管１１中の通過位相が側溝１２の設置面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相と比較して相対的に遅れることになる。
【００２１】
以上のように、この実施の形態１によれば、円形導波管１１と、円形導波管１１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し対称構造となるように円形導波管１１の側壁に管軸Ｃ１方向に沿って配列された複数個の側溝１２を設置しているので、側溝１２の個数、間隔、半径方向深さ、周方向幅、および管軸方向長さ等を適当に設計することにより、側溝１２の設置面に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を側溝１２の設置面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相より９０度遅らせることができ、よって、入力端Ｐ１より入射した直線偏波が出力端Ｐ２より円偏波として出力される円偏波発生器を実現できる。また、従来の円偏波発生器によれば、金属ポスト２を円形導波管１内に挿入し、伝送モード（例えば円形導波管ＴＥ１１モード）の電磁界分布の密なるところに外乱を与えて位相遅延を図っていたのに対し、実施の形態１の円偏波発生器によれば、円形導波管１１の側壁に溝を掘り込み、伝送モード（例えば円形導波管ＴＥ１１モード）の電磁界分布の粗なるところに外乱を与えて位相遅延を図っているので、側溝１２の幅、深さおよび長さの微妙な変化によって位相遅延量が大きく変化することがなく、即ち、加工誤差等による特性劣化が小さく、量産化あるいは低廉化が可能となる。さらに、円形導波管１１内にポスト等の金属の突起物を設けないため、耐電力性あるいは低損失性に優れた円偏波発生器が得られる利点がある。
さらに、複数の側溝１２を、平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように配列したことにより、良好な反射整合が得られる利点がある。
なお、上記実施の形態1によれば、側溝１２を５つ設けたものを示したが、側溝１２は、設計に応じて、１つまたは第１から第ｎ（ｎは２以上の整数）の側溝を設置してもよい。
【００２２】
実施の形態２．
図４はこの発明の実施の形態２による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１２ａは円形導波管１１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように円形導波管１１の側壁に管軸Ｃ１方向に沿って配列された複数個の側溝、１２ｂは円形導波管１１の側壁において複数個の側溝１２ａと円形導波管１１の管軸Ｃ１を挟んで向かい合う位置に対称構造となるように設けられた複数個の側溝である。
以上のように、この実施の形態２によれば、管軸Ｃ１を挟んで向かい合う位置に側溝１２ａ、および側溝１２ｂを設けたので、第２高次モードであるＴＭ０１モード、第３高次であるＴＥ２１モード等の高次モードの発生を抑圧でき、広帯域に渡って良好な特性で動作する円偏波発生器が可能となる。
なお、上記実施の形態２において、側溝１２ａおよび側溝１２ｂを、それぞれ５つずつ設けたものを示したが、側溝１２ａは、設計に応じて、１つまたは第１から第ｎ（ｎは２以上の整数）の側溝を、また、側溝１２ｂも、設計に応じて、１つまたは第ｎ＋１から第２ｎの側溝を設置してもよい。
【００２３】
実施の形態３．
図５はこの発明の実施の形態３による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１３ａは円形導波管１１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように、円形導波管１１の側壁に半径方向深さに対し管軸Ｃ１方向に沿って滑らかな傾斜を付けるように設けられた側溝（第１の側溝）、１３ｂは円形導波管１１の側壁において側溝１３ａと円形導波管１１の管軸Ｃ１を挟んで向かい合う位置に対称構造となるように、滑らかな傾斜を付けるように設けられた側溝（第２の側溝）である。
以上のように、この実施の形態３によれば、側溝１３ａ、側溝１３ｂは、分割されておらず溝の容積も大きくなり、さらに、管軸Ｃ１を挟んで向かい合う位置に設けているので、短い管軸長で大きな位相遅延と良好な反射整合が得られるため、小形で、かつ、広帯域に渡って良好な特性で動作する円偏波発生器が可能となる。
【００２４】
実施の形態４．
図６はこの発明の実施の形態４による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１４ａは円形導波管１１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように、円形導波管１１の側壁に半径方向深さに対し管軸Ｃ１方向に沿って階段状の傾斜を付けるように設けられた側溝（第１の側溝）、１４ｂは円形導波管１１の側壁において側溝１４ａと円形導波管１１の管軸Ｃ１を挟んで向かい合う位置に対称構造となるように、階段状の傾斜を付けるように設けられた側溝（第２の側溝）である。
以上のように、この実施の形態４によれば、実施の形態３に示した円偏波発生器の効果に加えて、側溝１４ａおよび側溝１４ｂが階段状なので、加工が容易となり、さらに量産化および低廉化が可能となる。
【００２５】
実施の形態５．
図７はこの発明の実施の形態５による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１５ａ，１５ｂは円形導波管１１の管軸Ｃ１方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状にした側溝である。
上記実施の形態１から４では、円形導波管１１の側壁に側溝１２、または、側溝１２ａ，側溝１２ｂ、または、側溝１３ａ，側溝１３ｂ、または、側溝１４ａ，側溝１４ｂを設けたものを示したが、この実施の形態５の円偏波発生器によれば、これらの側溝の管軸Ｃ１方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状にすることによって、加工が容易となり、さらに量産化および低廉化が可能となる。
【００２６】
実施の形態６．
図８はこの発明の実施の形態６による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１６ａ，１６ｂは円形導波管１１の管軸Ｃ１方向と周方向に関する断面形状を両端において半円状にした側溝である。
上記実施の形態１から４では、円形導波管１１の側壁に側溝１２、または、側溝１２ａ，側溝１２ｂ、または、側溝１３ａ，側溝１３ｂ、または、側溝１４ａ，側溝１４ｂを設けたものを示したが、この実施の形態６の円偏波発生器によれば、これらの側溝の管軸Ｃ１方向と周方向に関する断面形状を両端において半円状となる形状にすることによって、ドリル加工が容易となり、量産化および低廉化が可能となる。
【００２７】
実施の形態７．
図９はこの発明の実施の形態７による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１７ａ，１７ｂは円形導波管１１の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状にした側溝である。なお、これら側溝１７ａ，１７ｂは、半径方向深さを変えず、円形導波管１１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように、管軸Ｃ１方向長さを変えたものである。
上記実施の形態１から４では、円形導波管１１の側壁に側溝１２、または、側溝１２ａ，側溝１２ｂ、または、側溝１３ａ，側溝１３ｂ、または、側溝１４ａ，側溝１４ｂを設けたものを示したが、図９に示した実施の形態７の円偏波発生器によれば、これらの側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状にすることによって、ワイヤカット加工が容易となり、量産化および低廉化が可能となる。また、側溝１７ａ，１７ｂは、円形導波管１１の半径方向深さを変えないで、管軸Ｃ１方向長さを変えるように構成したので、最外径を小さく抑えても側溝の容積を大きくすることができ、大きな位相遅延が得られるため、より小形化が可能となる。
【００２８】
実施の形態８．
図１０はこの発明の実施の形態８による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１８ａ，１８ｂは円形導波管１１の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を半円状にした側溝である。
上記実施の形態１から４では、円形導波管１１の側壁に側溝１２、または、側溝１２ａ，側溝１２ｂ、または、側溝１３ａ，側溝１３ｂ、または、側溝１４ａ，側溝１４ｂを設けたものを示したが、この実施の形態８の円偏波発生器によれば、これらの側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を半円状にすることによって、ドリル加工が容易となり、量産化および低廉化が可能となる。
【００２９】
実施の形態９．
図１１はこの発明の実施の形態９による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、１９ａ，１９ｂは円形導波管１１の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を扇状にした側溝である。
上記実施の形態１から４では、円形導波管１１の側壁に側溝１２、または、側溝１２ａ，側溝１２ｂ、または、側溝１３ａ，側溝１３ｂ、または、側溝１４ａ，側溝１４ｂを設けたものを示したが、この実施の形態９の円偏波発生器によれば、これらの側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を扇状にすることによって、最外径を小さく抑えても側溝の容積を大きくすることができ、大きな位相遅延が得られるため、より小形化が可能となる。
【００３０】
実施の形態１０．
図１２はこの発明の実施の形態１０による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、２０は側溝１２ａ，１２ｂ内に挿入された誘電体である。
上記実施の形態１から４では、円形導波管１１の側壁に側溝１２、または、側溝１２ａ，側溝１２ｂ、または、側溝１３ａ，側溝１３ｂ、または、側溝１４ａ，側溝１４ｂを設けたものを示したが、この実施の形態１０の円偏波発生器によれば、これらの側溝内に誘電体２０を挿入することによって、電磁界からみた側溝の容積が等価的に大きくなり、小さな物理寸法の側溝にて大きな位相遅延が得られるため、より小形化が可能となる。
【００３１】
実施の形態１１．
図１３はこの発明の実施の形態１１による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、２１は同軸上に並べられた複数個の円形導波管、２２は複数個の円形導波管２１の管軸Ｃ１を含む水平面に対し対称構造となるように円形導波管２１の間に挿入された複数個の方形導波管である。
また、これら複数個の方形導波管２２は、長辺が円形導波管２１の直径よりも長く、短辺が円形導波管２１の直径よりも短く構成することによって、側溝２３および突起２４を形成し、さらに、円形導波管２１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で側溝２３の容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に側溝２３の容積が小さく、対称構造となるように構成されている。
【００３２】
次に動作について説明する。
いま、円形導波管２１を伝搬可能なある周波数帯ｆの直線偏波が、円形導波管２１の基本伝送モード（ＴＥ１１モード）にて伝搬してきて、かつ、その偏波面が複数個の方形導波管２２の幅広面より４５度傾いて入力端Ｐ１より入射してきたとする。このとき、入射した直線偏波は、方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し垂直となる直線偏波と方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し水平となる直線偏波が同相で入射してきたものの合成波と見なすことができる。ここで、方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し水平となる偏波成分では、方形導波管２２による側溝２３に電界が水平に入るところにあり、方形導波管２２による突起２４に電界が垂直に突き刺さるところにあるため、側溝２３の影響は遮断効果によりほとんどないが、突起２４の影響により電磁界が円形導波管２１の内側に寄せられる影響により等価的に管内波長が長くなり、通過位相が進みながら円形導波管２１内を通過して出力端Ｐ２より出射される。これに対し、方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し垂直となる偏波成分では、方形導波管２２による側溝２３に電界が垂直に入るところにあり、方形導波管２２による突起２４に電界が水平に突き刺さるところにあるため、突起２４の影響はほとんどないが、電磁界が側溝２３に入り込む影響により等価的に管内波長が短くなり、通過位相が遅れながら円形導波管２１内を通過して出力端Ｐ２より出射される。
【００３３】
以上のように、この実施の形態１１によれば、同軸上に並んだ複数個の円形導波管２１と、円形導波管２１の管軸Ｃ１を含む水平面に対し対称構造となるように円形導波管２１の間に挿入された複数個の方形導波管２２を設置しているので、方形導波管２２の個数、間隔、幅、高さ、および厚さ等を適当に設計することにより、方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相より９０度遅らせることができ、よって、入力端Ｐ１より入射した直線偏波が出力端Ｐ２より円偏波として出力される円偏波発生器を実現できる。また、従来の円偏波発生器によれば、金属ポスト２を円形導波管１内に挿入し、金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相を遅らせることで、金属ポスト２の挿入面に対し垂直となる偏波成分との通過位相差を得ていたのに対し、この実施の形態１１の円偏波発生器によれば、方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を遅らせ、同時に方形導波管２２の幅広面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相を進めることにより相互の通過位相差を得ているので、短い管軸長で大きな位相差、即ち、９０度の位相差が得られ、小形な円偏波発生器が得られる利点がある。
さらに、複数の側溝２３を、平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に容積が小さく、対称構造となるように配列したことにより、良好な反射整合が得られる利点がある。
なお、この実施の形態１１によれば、円形導波管２１を６つ、方形導波管２２を５つ設けたものを示したが、円形導波管２１は、設計に応じて、第１から第ｍ（ｍは２以上の整数）を設置してもよく、この場合、方形導波管２２は、第１から第ｍ−１を設置するようにすればよい。
また、この実施の形態１１によれば、方形導波管２２の長辺を円形導波管２１の直径よりも長く、短辺を円形導波管２１の直径よりも短く構成したが、設計に応じて、方形導波管２２の短辺を円形導波管２１の直径と同一にしてもよく、この場合は、側溝２３を形成することはできるが、突起２４を形成することができないので、突起２４による小形化の作用効果は得られないが、量産化あるいは低廉化と、耐電力性あるいは低損失性に優れた円偏波発生器が得られる利点がある。
【００３４】
実施の形態１２．
図１４はこの発明の実施の形態１２による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図であり、図において、２１は同軸上に並べられた複数個の円形導波管、２５は複数個の円形導波管２１の管軸Ｃ１を含む水平面に対し対称構造となるように円形導波管２１の間に挿入された複数個の楕円形導波管である。
また、これら複数個の楕円形導波管２５は、長径が円形導波管２１の直径よりも長く、短径が円形導波管２１の直径よりも短く構成することによって、側溝２６および突起２７を形成し、さらに、円形導波管２１を左右に２等分する平面Ｓ１に対し、その中心部で側溝２６の容積が大きく、入力端Ｐ１および出力端Ｐ２方向に側溝２６の容積が小さく、対称構造となるように構成されている。
上記実施の形態１１では、円形導波管２１の管軸Ｃ１を含む水平面に対し対称構造となるように円形導波管２１の間に複数個の方形導波管２２を設けたものを示したが、この実施の形態１２において、円形導波管２１の管軸Ｃ１を含む水平面に対し対称構造となるように円形導波管２１の間に複数個の楕円形導波管２５を設ければ、実施の形態１１と同様な効果が得られる。
【００３５】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明によれば、円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造をなし、中心部で容積が大きく、入力端および出力端方向に容積が小さくなるように、上記円形導波管の側壁に管軸方向に沿って配列された第１から第ｎ（ｎは３以上の整数）の側溝を設置した円偏波発生器を構成したので、側溝の個数、間隔、半径方向深さ、周方向幅、および管軸方向長さ等を適当に設計することにより、側溝の設置面に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を側溝の設置面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相より９０度遅らせることができ、よって、入力端より入射した直線偏波が出力端より円偏波として出力される円偏波発生器を実現できる効果がある。また、円形導波管の側壁に側溝を掘り込み、伝送モード（例えば円形導波管ＴＥ１１モード）の電磁界分布の粗なるところに外乱を与えて位相遅延を図っているので、側溝の幅、深さおよび長さの微妙な変化によって位相遅延量が大きく変化することがなく、即ち、加工誤差等による特性劣化が小さく、量産化および低廉化が可能となる効果がある。さらに、円形導波管内にポスト等の金属の突起物を設けないため、耐電力性および低損失性に優れた効果がある。さらに、良好な反射整合で動作する円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００３６】
この発明によれば、円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造をなし、中心部で容積が大きく、入力端および出力端方向に容積が小さくなるように、上記円形導波管の側壁に管軸方向に沿って配列された第１から第ｎ（ｎは３以上の整数）の側溝を設置すると共に、上記円形導波管の側壁において第１〜第ｎの側溝と円形導波管の管軸を挟んで向かい合う位置に対称構造となるように第ｎ＋１から第２ｎの側溝を設置した円偏波発生器を構成したので、高次モードの発生を抑圧でき、広帯域に渡って良好な特性で動作する円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００３７】
この発明によれば、側溝の管軸方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状とした円偏波発生器を構成したので、加工が容易となり、さらに量産化および低廉化が可能な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００３８】
この発明によれば、側溝の管軸方向と周方向に関する断面形状を両端において半円状とした円偏波発生器を構成したので、加工が容易となり、さらに量産化および低廉化が可能な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００３９】
この発明によれば、側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を矩形状とした円偏波発生器を構成したので、加工が容易となり、さらに量産化および低廉化が可能な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４０】
この発明によれば、側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を半円状とした円偏波発生器を構成したので、加工が容易となり、さらに量産化および低廉化が可能な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４１】
この発明によれば、側溝の半径方向と周方向に関する断面形状を扇状とした円偏波発生器を構成したので、円偏波発生器の最外径を小さく抑えながら大きな位相遅延が得られるため、より小形化が可能な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４２】
この発明によれば、側溝に対し、誘電体を設置した円偏波発生器を構成したので、電磁界からみた側溝の容積が等価的に大きくなり、小さな物理寸法の側溝にて大きな位相遅延が得られるため、より小形化が可能な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４３】
この発明によれば、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管と、上記第１から第ｍの円形導波管の各々の間に挿入され、長辺が円形導波管の直径よりも長く、短辺がそれら円形導波管の直径よりも短い第１から第ｍ−１の方形導波管とを備えた円偏波発生器を構成したので、方形導波管の個数、間隔、幅、高さ、および厚さ等を適当に設計することにより、方形導波管の幅広面に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を方形導波管の幅広面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相より９０度遅らせることができ、よって、入力端より入射した直線偏波が出力端より円偏波として出力される円偏波発生器を実現できる効果がある。また、方形導波管の幅広面に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を遅らせ、同時に方形導波管の幅広面に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相を進めることにより相互の通過位相差を得ているので、短い管軸長で大きな位相差、即ち、９０度の位相差が得られ、小形な円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４４】
この発明によれば、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管を同軸上に並べると共に、それら第１から第ｍの円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造となるように第１から第ｍ−１の方形導波管を設置した円偏波発生器を構成したので、良好な反射整合で動作する円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４５】
この発明によれば、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管と、上記第１から第ｍの円形導波管の各々の間に挿入され、長径が円形導波管の直径よりも長く、短径がそれら円形導波管の直径よりも短い第１から第ｍ−１の楕円形導波管とを備えた円偏波発生器を構成したので、楕円形導波管の個数、間隔、径、および厚さ等を適当に設計することにより、楕円形導波管の長径の軸に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を楕円形導波管の長径の軸に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相より９０度遅らせることができ、よって、入力端より入射した直線偏波が出力端より円偏波として出力される円偏波発生器を実現できる効果がある。また、楕円形導波管の長径の軸に対し垂直となる偏波成分の通過位相を遅らせ、同時に楕円形導波管の長径の軸に対し水平となる偏波成分の通過位相を進めることにより相互の通過位相差を得ているので、短い管軸長で大きな位相遅延と良好な反射整合が可能となり、小形で、かつ、広帯域に渡って良好な特性で動作する円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【００４６】
この発明によれば、第１から第ｍ（ｍは４以上の整数）の円形導波管を同軸上に並べると共に、それら第１から第ｍの円形導波管を管軸方向に垂直に左右に２等分する平面に対し対称構造となるように第１から第ｍ−１の楕円形導波管を設置した円偏波発生器を構成したので、良好な反射整合で動作する円偏波発生器が得られる効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の実施の形態１による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図２】この発明の実施の形態１による入射波の電磁界分布を示す説明図である。
【図３】この発明の実施の形態１による水平偏波と垂直偏波の電磁界分布を示す説明図である。
【図４】この発明の実施の形態２による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図５】この発明の実施の形態３による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図６】この発明の実施の形態４による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図７】この発明の実施の形態５による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図８】この発明の実施の形態６による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図９】この発明の実施の形態７による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１０】この発明の実施の形態８による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１１】この発明の実施の形態９による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１２】この発明の実施の形態１０による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１３】この発明の実施の形態１１による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１４】この発明の実施の形態１２による円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１５】従来の円偏波発生器を示す概略構成図である。
【図１６】従来の水平偏波と垂直偏波の電磁界分布を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１１，２１円形導波管、１２，１２ａ，１２ｂ，１５ａ，１５ｂ，１６ａ，１６ｂ，１７ａ，１７ｂ，１８ａ，１８ｂ，１９ａ，１９ｂ，２３，２６側溝、１３ａ, １４ａ側溝（第１の側溝）、１３ｂ，１４ｂ側溝（第２の側溝）、２０誘電体、２２方形導波管、２４，２７突起、２５楕円形導波管、Ｃ１管軸、Ｐ１入力端、Ｐ２出力端、Ｓ１平面。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a circularly polarized wave generator mainly used in the VHF band, UHF band, microwave band and millimeter wave band.
[0002]
[Prior art]
15 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional circularly polarized wave generator shown in, for example, the IEICE Transactions (published in September 1980, Vol. 63-B, No. 9, pp 908 to 915). 1 is a circular waveguide, 2 is inserted from the side wall of the circular waveguide 1 in a pair with the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 1, and in the direction of the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 1 A plurality of metal posts arranged at regular intervals, P1 is an input end, and P2 is an output end. FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing the electromagnetic field distribution of conventional horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
[0003]
Next, the operation will be described.
Now, a linearly polarized wave in a certain frequency band f that can propagate through the circular waveguide 1 has propagated through the circular waveguide 1 in the basic transmission mode (TE11 mode), and as shown in FIG. It is assumed that the polarization plane is inclined 45 degrees from the insertion surface of the metal post 2 and enters from the input end P1. At this time, the incident linearly polarized wave is regarded as a combined wave of linearly polarized waves that are perpendicular to the insertion surface of the metal post 2 and linearly polarized waves that are horizontal to the insertion surface of the metal post 2 having the same phase. be able to. Here, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 16, the polarization component perpendicular to the insertion surface of the metal post 2 is hardly affected by the metal post 2 because the electric field intersects the metal post 2 perpendicularly. The light passes through the circular waveguide 1 and is emitted from the output end P2. On the other hand, as shown in the left diagram of FIG. 16, the polarization component that is horizontal to the insertion surface of the metal post 2 has a magnetic field that intersects the metal post 2 perpendicularly, so that the metal post 2 functions as a capacitive susceptance. The passing phase will be delayed.
[0004]
As described above, the circularly polarized wave generator of FIG. 15 functions as a capacitive susceptance for the polarization component in which the metal post 2 is horizontal to the insertion surface, and thus the metal post 2 emitted from the output end P2. The number, interval, and insertion length of the metal posts 2 so that the passing phase difference between the polarization component perpendicular to the insertion surface and the polarization component horizontal to the insertion surface of the metal post 2 is 90 degrees. Is appropriately designed, the combined wave of both polarization components emitted from the output terminal P2 becomes a circularly polarized wave. That is, the linearly polarized light incident from the input end P1 is output as a circularly polarized wave from the input end P2.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the conventional circularly polarized wave generator is configured as described above, the metal post 2 protrudes into the circular waveguide 1, and as a result, the electric field distribution in the circular waveguide 1 is dense. Therefore, the phase delay amount or the reflection amount largely changes due to a slight change in the amount of insertion of the metal post 2 into the circular waveguide 1, and a desired passing phase characteristic or reflection amplitude characteristic is obtained. It takes a lot of time for adjustment to obtain the product, and there is a problem that mass production and cost reduction are difficult.
Moreover, since the metal post 2 which is a plurality of metal objects protrudes where the electric field distribution in the circular waveguide 1 is dense, the power durability and the low loss property as a circularly polarized wave generator are deteriorated. There was a problem.
[0006]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a high-performance and low-cost circularly polarized wave generator.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention includes a circular waveguide. Perpendicular to the tube axis direction For a plane that bisects left and right Symmetric structure, medium Large volume at the center, small volume at the input and output ends Kuna As ,the above 1st to n-th arranged along the tube axis direction on the side wall of the circular waveguide (N is an integer of 3 or more) The side groove is installed.
[0008]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention includes a circular waveguide. Perpendicular to the tube axis direction For a plane that bisects left and right Symmetric structure, medium Large volume at the center, small volume at the input and output ends Kuna As ,the above 1st to n-th arranged along the tube axis direction on the side wall of the circular waveguide (N is an integer of 3 or more) While installing the side groove of the above First to nth side grooves on the side wall of the circular waveguide; That The (n + 1) th to 2nth side grooves are provided so as to have a symmetrical structure at positions facing each other across the tube axis of the circular waveguide.
[ 0009 ]
In the circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the side groove in the tube axis direction and the circumferential direction is rectangular.
[ 0010 ]
In the circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the side groove in the tube axis direction and the circumferential direction is semicircular at both ends.
[ 0011 ]
In the circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention, the cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and circumferential direction of the side groove is rectangular.
[ 0012 ]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention has a semicircular cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and circumferential direction of the side groove.
[ 0013 ]
In the circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention, the cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the side groove is a fan shape.
[ 0014 ]
In the circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention, a dielectric is installed in the side groove.
[0015]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention includes the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) With a circular waveguide , Above Of the 1st to mth circular waveguides Each Inserted in between, the long side is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide, the short side is Them The first to m-1th rectangular waveguides shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide are provided.
[0016]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention includes the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) The circular waveguides are arranged on the same axis, Them 1st to mth circular waveguides Perpendicular to the tube axis direction The first to m−1th rectangular waveguides are installed so as to have a symmetric structure with respect to a plane divided into two equal parts to the left and right.
[0017]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention includes the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) With a circular waveguide , Above Of the 1st to mth circular waveguides Each The major axis is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide and the minor axis is Them 1st to (m-1) elliptical waveguides shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide.
[0018]
The circularly polarized wave generator according to the present invention includes the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) The circular waveguides are arranged on the same axis, Them 1st to mth circular waveguides Perpendicular to the tube axis direction The first to m-1th elliptical waveguides are installed so as to have a symmetrical structure with respect to a plane that bisects in the left and right directions.
[ 0019 ]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, 11 is a circular waveguide, and 12 is a plane S1 that divides the circular waveguide 11 into left and right equal parts. On the other hand, a plurality is arranged along the tube axis C1 direction on the side wall of the circular waveguide 11 so as to have a large volume at the center, a small volume in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2, and a symmetrical structure. It is a side groove. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the electromagnetic field distribution of the incident wave in the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the electromagnetic field distribution of the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is.
[ 0020 ]
Next, the operation will be described.
Now, a linearly polarized wave in a certain frequency band f capable of propagating through the circular waveguide 11 has propagated in the basic transmission mode (TE11 mode) of the circular waveguide 11, and the polarization is shifted as shown in FIG. It is assumed that the wavefront is inclined 45 degrees from the installation surface of the plurality of side grooves 12 and enters from the input end P1. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the incident linearly polarized wave is incident in the same phase as the linearly polarized wave perpendicular to the installation surface of the side groove 12 and the linearly polarized wave horizontal to the installation surface of the side groove 12. It can be regarded as a synthetic wave. Here, as shown in the left diagram of FIG. 3, in the polarization component that is horizontal with respect to the installation surface of the side groove 12, since the side groove 12 exists where the electric field enters horizontally, the side groove 12 is almost affected by the blocking effect. Without passing through the inside of the circular waveguide 11, the light is emitted from the output end P2. On the other hand, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 3, the polarization component perpendicular to the installation surface of the side groove 12 is due to the influence of the electric field entering the side groove 12 because the side groove 12 exists where the electric field enters vertically. The guide wavelength is equivalently shortened, and the passing phase in the circular waveguide 11 having the side groove 12 is relatively delayed as compared with the passing phase of the polarization component that is horizontal to the installation surface of the side groove 12. .
[ 0021 ]
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the side wall of the circular waveguide 11 has a symmetric structure with respect to the circular waveguide 11 and the plane S1 that bisects the circular waveguide 11 to the left and right. Since a plurality of side grooves 12 arranged along the direction of the tube axis C1 are installed in the tube, the number, interval, radial depth, circumferential width, and length in the tube axis direction of the side grooves 12 are appropriately designed. By doing so, the passing phase of the polarization component perpendicular to the installation surface of the side groove 12 can be delayed by 90 degrees from the passing phase of the polarization component horizontal to the installation surface of the side groove 12, and thus the input end P1. It is possible to realize a circularly polarized wave generator in which more linearly polarized waves are output as circularly polarized waves from the output end P2. In addition, according to the conventional circularly polarized wave generator, the metal post 2 is inserted into the circular waveguide 1, and a disturbance is given to a place where the electromagnetic field distribution of the transmission mode (for example, the circular waveguide TE11 mode) is dense. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the first embodiment, a groove is dug in the side wall of the circular waveguide 11, and the transmission mode (for example, the circular waveguide TE11 mode) is changed. Since the phase delay is achieved by giving a disturbance to a place where the electromagnetic field distribution is rough, the phase delay amount does not change greatly due to subtle changes in the width, depth and length of the side groove 12, that is, a processing error. The characteristic deterioration due to the above is small, and mass production or cost reduction is possible. Furthermore, since no metal protrusion such as a post is provided in the circular waveguide 11, there is an advantage that a circularly polarized wave generator excellent in power durability or low loss can be obtained.
Further, the plurality of side grooves 12 are arranged so as to have a large volume at the center of the plane S1 and a small volume in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2 so as to have a symmetrical structure. There are benefits to be gained.
In addition, according to the said Embodiment 1, although the thing which provided the five side grooves 12 was shown, the side grooves 12 are 1 or 1st-n-th (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) according to design. Side grooves may be provided.
[ 0022 ]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the figure, 12a is a central portion with respect to a plane S1 that divides the circular waveguide 11 into left and right halves. A plurality of side grooves 12b arranged in the direction of the tube axis C1 on the side wall of the circular waveguide 11 so as to have a large volume, a small volume in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2, and a symmetrical structure. A plurality of side grooves provided on the side wall of the wave tube 11 so as to have a symmetrical structure at positions facing each other across the plurality of side grooves 12a and the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 11.
As described above, according to the second embodiment, the side groove 12a and the side groove 12b are provided at positions facing each other across the tube axis C1, so that the TM01 mode that is the second higher order mode and the third higher order are provided. The generation of a higher-order mode such as the TE21 mode can be suppressed, and a circularly polarized wave generator that operates with good characteristics over a wide band is possible.
In the second embodiment, five side grooves 12a and five side grooves 12b are provided, but one side groove 12a or first to nth (n is 2 or more) depending on the design. ) And the side groove 12b may be provided with one or n + 1 to 2n side grooves depending on the design.
[ 0023 ]
Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 13a denotes a central portion with respect to a plane S1 that divides the circular waveguide 11 into left and right halves. The side wall of the circular waveguide 11 is smoothly inclined along the tube axis C1 direction with respect to the radial depth so that the volume is large, the volume is small in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2, and a symmetrical structure is formed. The side grooves (first side grooves) 13b provided in such a manner are smooth so as to have a symmetric structure on the side wall of the circular waveguide 11 with the side grooves 13a facing each other across the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 11. A side groove (second side groove) provided to be inclined.
As described above, according to the third embodiment, the side groove 13a and the side groove 13b are not divided and the volume of the groove is increased, and further, the side groove 13a and the side groove 13b are provided at positions facing each other with the tube axis C1 interposed therebetween. Since a large phase delay and good reflection matching can be obtained with the tube axis length, a circularly polarized wave generator that operates with good characteristics over a wide band can be realized.
[ 0024 ]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 14a denotes a central portion with respect to a plane S1 that divides the circular waveguide 11 into left and right halves. The side wall of the circular waveguide 11 is stepwise inclined along the tube axis C1 direction with respect to the radial depth so that the volume is large, the volume is small in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2, and a symmetrical structure is formed. The side grooves (first side grooves) 14b provided so as to be attached are stepped so as to have a symmetrical structure at a position facing the side grooves 14a and the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 11 on the side wall of the circular waveguide 11. It is a side groove (second side groove) provided so as to be inclined.
As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, in addition to the effect of the circularly polarized wave generator shown in the third embodiment, the side grooves 14a and the side grooves 14b are stepped, so that the processing is facilitated and the mass production is further achieved. In addition, the cost can be reduced.
[ 0025 ]
Embodiment 5 FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 15a and 15b denote rectangular cross-sectional shapes of the circular waveguide 11 with respect to the tube axis C1 direction and the circumferential direction. It is a side groove.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the side wall 12 of the circular waveguide 11 or the side groove 12a, the side groove 12b, the side groove 13a, the side groove 13b, the side groove 14a, or the side groove 14b is provided. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the fifth embodiment, by making the cross-sectional shape of the side grooves in the tube axis C1 direction and the circumferential direction rectangular, processing is facilitated, and mass production and cost reduction are achieved. Is possible.
[ 0026 ]
Embodiment 6 FIG.
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 16a and 16b denote the cross-sectional shapes of the circular waveguide 11 in the tube axis C1 direction and the circumferential direction at both ends. A side groove formed in a semicircular shape.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the side wall 12 of the circular waveguide 11 or the side groove 12a, the side groove 12b, the side groove 13a, the side groove 13b, the side groove 14a, or the side groove 14b is provided. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the sixth embodiment, drilling is facilitated by making the cross-sectional shapes of these side grooves in the tube axis C1 direction and the circumferential direction into a semicircular shape at both ends. Therefore, mass production and cost reduction are possible.
[ 0027 ]
Embodiment 7 FIG.
FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 17a and 17b denote rectangular cross-sectional shapes in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the circular waveguide 11, respectively. It is a side groove. The side grooves 17a and 17b do not change the depth in the radial direction, and have a large volume at the center with respect to the plane S1 that bisects the circular waveguide 11 to the left and right, and are directed toward the input end P1 and the output end P2. The length in the tube axis C1 direction is changed so that the volume is small and a symmetrical structure is obtained.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the side wall 12 of the circular waveguide 11 or the side groove 12a, the side groove 12b, the side groove 13a, the side groove 13b, the side groove 14a, or the side groove 14b is provided. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 9, by making the cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of these side grooves rectangular, wire cutting is facilitated and mass production is achieved. In addition, the cost can be reduced. Further, since the side grooves 17a and 17b are configured to change the length in the tube axis C1 direction without changing the radial depth of the circular waveguide 11, the volume of the side groove is increased even if the outermost diameter is kept small. Since a large phase delay can be obtained, the size can be further reduced.
[ 0028 ]
Embodiment 8 FIG.
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 18a and 18b denote semicircular cross-sectional shapes in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the circular waveguide 11, respectively. It is a side groove.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the side wall 12 of the circular waveguide 11 or the side groove 12a, the side groove 12b, the side groove 13a, the side groove 13b, the side groove 14a, or the side groove 14b is provided. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the eighth embodiment, by making the cross-sectional shapes of the side grooves in the radial direction and the circumferential direction semicircular, drilling becomes easy, and mass production and cost reduction are achieved. It becomes possible.
[ 0029 ]
Embodiment 9 FIG.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention. In the figure, 19a and 19b are side grooves in which the cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the circular waveguide 11 is fan-shaped. It is.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the side wall 12 of the circular waveguide 11 or the side groove 12a, the side groove 12b, the side groove 13a, the side groove 13b, or the side groove 14a, the side groove 14b is provided. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the ninth embodiment, the volume of the side groove is increased even if the outermost diameter is kept small by making the cross-sectional shape of the side groove in the radial direction and the circumferential direction into a fan shape. Since a large phase delay can be obtained, the size can be further reduced.
[ 0030 ]
Embodiment 10 FIG.
FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes a dielectric inserted in the side grooves 12a and 12b.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the side wall 12 of the circular waveguide 11 or the side groove 12a, the side groove 12b, the side groove 13a, the side groove 13b, the side groove 14a, or the side groove 14b is provided. However, according to the circularly polarized wave generator of the tenth embodiment, by inserting the dielectric 20 into these side grooves, the volume of the side grooves as viewed from the electromagnetic field is equivalently increased, and the side grooves having small physical dimensions are obtained. Since a large phase delay can be obtained at, further miniaturization becomes possible.
[ 0031 ]
Embodiment 11 FIG.
13 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention. In the figure, 21 is a plurality of circular waveguides arranged coaxially, and 22 is a plurality of circular waveguides. A plurality of rectangular waveguides inserted between the circular waveguides 21 so as to have a symmetrical structure with respect to the horizontal plane including the tube axis C1 of the wave tube 21.
The plurality of rectangular waveguides 22 are configured such that the long side is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide 21 and the short side is shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide 21, whereby the side grooves 23 and the protrusions 24 are formed. Furthermore, the volume of the side groove 23 is large at the center of the plane S1 that bisects the circular waveguide 21 to the left and right, and the volume of the side groove 23 is small in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2. It is configured to have a symmetric structure.
[ 0032 ]
Next, the operation will be described.
Now, a linearly polarized wave of a certain frequency band f that can propagate through the circular waveguide 21 has propagated in the basic transmission mode (TE11 mode) of the circular waveguide 21, and the plane of polarization is a plurality of squares. It is assumed that the light enters from the input end P1 with an inclination of 45 degrees from the wide surface of the waveguide 22. At this time, the incident linearly polarized light is incident in the same phase as the linearly polarized wave perpendicular to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22 and the linearly polarized wave horizontal to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22. It can be regarded as a synthetic wave. Here, in the polarization component that is horizontal with respect to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22, the electric field is in the horizontal groove 23 formed by the rectangular waveguide 22, and the projection 24 formed by the rectangular waveguide 22 is formed. electric field However, the effect of the side groove 23 is hardly due to the blocking effect, but the wavelength within the tube is equivalently increased due to the influence of the projection 24 on the inside of the circular waveguide 21, As the passing phase advances, the light passes through the circular waveguide 21 and is emitted from the output end P2. On the other hand, in the polarization component perpendicular to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22, the electric field enters the side groove 23 perpendicular to the rectangular waveguide 22, and the electric field is applied to the protrusion 24 formed by the rectangular waveguide 22. But Horizontal However, there is almost no influence of the protrusion 24, but the in-tube wavelength is equivalently shortened by the influence of the electromagnetic field entering the side groove 23, and the output passes through the circular waveguide 21 while the passage phase is delayed. The light is emitted from the end P2.
[ 0033 ]
As described above, according to the eleventh embodiment, a plurality of circular waveguides 21 arranged coaxially and a circular shape so as to have a symmetrical structure with respect to a horizontal plane including the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 21. Since a plurality of rectangular waveguides 22 inserted between the waveguides 21 are installed, the number, spacing, width, height, thickness, etc. of the rectangular waveguides 22 should be appropriately designed. Thus, the pass phase of the polarization component perpendicular to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22 can be delayed by 90 degrees from the pass phase of the polarization component that is horizontal to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22. Thus, it is possible to realize a circularly polarized wave generator in which the linearly polarized light incident from the input end P1 is output as a circularly polarized wave from the output end P2. Further, according to the conventional circularly polarized wave generator, the metal post 2 is inserted into the circular waveguide 1 and the passing phase of the polarization component that is horizontal with respect to the insertion surface of the metal post 2 is delayed. Whereas the passing phase difference with the polarization component perpendicular to the insertion surface of the post 2 is obtained, the circularly polarized wave generator according to the eleventh embodiment has a wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22. Since the passing phase difference of the polarization component that is perpendicular to the delay surface is delayed and the passage phase of the polarization component that is horizontal to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide 22 is advanced at the same time, the mutual passage phase difference is obtained. A large phase difference is obtained with the axial length, that is, a phase difference of 90 degrees is obtained, and there is an advantage that a small circular polarization generator can be obtained.
Further, the plurality of side grooves 23 are arranged so as to have a large volume at the center of the plane S1, a small volume in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2, and a symmetrical structure. There are benefits to be gained.
According to the eleventh embodiment, six circular waveguides 21 and five rectangular waveguides 22 are provided. However, the circular waveguide 21 has a first structure depending on the design. To m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more). In this case, the rectangular waveguide 22 may be installed from the first to m−1.
According to the eleventh embodiment, the long side of the rectangular waveguide 22 is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide 21 and the short side is shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide 21. Accordingly, the short side of the rectangular waveguide 22 may be the same as the diameter of the circular waveguide 21. In this case, the side groove 23 can be formed, but the protrusion 24 cannot be formed. Although the effect of miniaturization by the protrusion 24 cannot be obtained, there is an advantage that a circularly polarized wave generator excellent in mass production or cost reduction and in power durability or low loss can be obtained.
[ 0034 ]
Embodiment 12 FIG.
14 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention. In the figure, 21 is a plurality of circular waveguides arranged coaxially, and 25 is a plurality of circular waveguides. A plurality of elliptical waveguides inserted between the circular waveguides 21 so as to have a symmetrical structure with respect to a horizontal plane including the tube axis C1 of the wave tube 21.
In addition, the plurality of elliptical waveguides 25 are configured such that the major axis is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide 21 and the minor axis is shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide 21. Furthermore, the volume of the side groove 26 is large at the center of the plane S1 that bisects the circular waveguide 21 to the left and right, and the volume of the side groove 26 is small in the direction of the input end P1 and the output end P2. It is configured to have a symmetric structure.
In the eleventh embodiment, a case where a plurality of rectangular waveguides 22 are provided between the circular waveguides 21 so as to have a symmetric structure with respect to a horizontal plane including the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguide 21 is shown. However, in the twelfth embodiment, if a plurality of elliptical waveguides 25 are provided between the circular waveguides 21 so as to have a symmetrical structure with respect to the horizontal plane including the tube axis C1 of the circular waveguides 21. The same effects as those of the eleventh embodiment can be obtained.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the circular waveguide is Perpendicular to the tube axis direction For a plane that bisects left and right Symmetric structure, medium Large volume at the center, small volume at the input and output ends Kuna As ,the above 1st to n-th arranged along the tube axis direction on the side wall of the circular waveguide (N is an integer of 3 or more) Since the circularly polarized wave generator with the side grooves is configured, the number of side grooves, the distance, the radial depth, the circumferential width, the length in the tube axis direction, etc. are appropriately designed to make the side groove installation surface As a result, the pass phase of the polarization component perpendicular to the side groove can be delayed by 90 degrees from the pass phase of the polarization component horizontal to the installation surface of the side groove. This has the effect of realizing a circularly polarized wave generator that is output as a wave. Further, a side groove is dug in the side wall of the circular waveguide, and a disturbance is applied to a place where the electromagnetic field distribution in the transmission mode (for example, the circular waveguide TE11 mode) is rough, so that the phase delay is achieved. There is an effect that the amount of phase delay does not change greatly due to subtle changes in depth and length, that is, characteristic deterioration due to processing errors and the like is small, and mass production and cost reduction are possible. Furthermore, since metal protrusions such as posts are not provided in the circular waveguide, there is an effect of excellent power durability and low loss. Furthermore, there is an effect that a circularly polarized wave generator operating with good reflection matching can be obtained.
[0036]
According to this invention, the circular waveguide is Perpendicular to the tube axis direction For a plane that bisects left and right Symmetric structure, medium Large volume at the center, small volume at the input and output ends Kuna As ,the above 1st to n-th arranged along the tube axis direction on the side wall of the circular waveguide (N is an integer of 3 or more) While installing the side groove of the above A circularly polarized wave generator in which (n + 1) th to (2n) side grooves are provided so as to have a symmetrical structure at a position facing the first to nth side grooves and the tube axis of the circular waveguide on the side wall of the circular waveguide. Since it is configured, it is possible to suppress the generation of higher order modes and to obtain a circularly polarized wave generator that operates with good characteristics over a wide band.
[ 0037 ]
According to the present invention, since the circularly polarized wave generator having a rectangular cross-sectional shape in the tube axis direction and the circumferential direction of the side groove is configured, the circularly polarized wave generation that is easy to process and can be mass-produced and reduced in cost. There is an effect that can be obtained.
[ 0038 ]
According to the present invention, the circularly polarized wave generator having the cross-sectional shape of the side groove in the tube axis direction and the circumferential direction having a semicircular shape at both ends is configured. Therefore, processing is easy, and further, mass production and cost reduction are possible. There is an effect that a polarization generator can be obtained.
[ 0039 ]
According to the present invention, since the circularly polarized wave generator having a rectangular cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the side groove is configured, the circularly polarized wave generator that can be easily processed and can be mass-produced and reduced in cost. Is effective.
[ 0040 ]
According to the present invention, the circularly polarized wave generator having a semicircular cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the side groove is formed, so that the circularly polarized wave generator that can be easily processed and can be mass-produced and reduced in cost. There is an effect that can be obtained.
[ 0041 ]
According to this invention, since the circularly polarized wave generator having a fan-shaped cross section in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the side groove is configured, a large phase delay can be obtained while keeping the outermost diameter of the circularly polarized wave generator small. Thus, there is an effect of obtaining a circularly polarized wave generator that can be further miniaturized.
[ 0042 ]
According to the present invention, the circularly polarized wave generator in which the dielectric is installed is configured for the side groove, so that the volume of the side groove as viewed from the electromagnetic field is equivalently increased, and a large phase delay is caused by the side groove having a small physical dimension. Therefore, there is an effect that a circularly polarized wave generator that can be further miniaturized can be obtained.
[0043]
According to the present invention, the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) With a circular waveguide , Above Of the 1st to mth circular waveguides Each Inserted in between, the long side is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide, the short side is Them Since the circularly polarized wave generator including the first to m−1th rectangular waveguides shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide is configured, the number, spacing, width, height of the rectangular waveguides, and By appropriately designing the thickness and the like, the passing phase of the polarization component perpendicular to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide is set to 90% from the passing phase of the polarization component horizontal to the wide surface of the rectangular waveguide. Therefore, it is possible to realize a circularly polarized wave generator in which linearly polarized light incident from the input end is output as circularly polarized light from the output end. In addition, the pass phase of the polarization component perpendicular to the wide plane of the rectangular waveguide is delayed, and at the same time, the pass phase of the polarization component that is horizontal to the wide plane of the rectangular waveguide is advanced so that the mutual pass position is increased. Since the phase difference is obtained, a large phase difference, that is, a phase difference of 90 degrees can be obtained with a short tube axis length, and there is an effect that a small circular polarization generator can be obtained.
[0044]
According to the present invention, the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) The circular waveguides are arranged on the same axis, Them 1st to mth circular waveguides Perpendicular to the tube axis direction Since the circularly polarized wave generator in which the first to m-1st rectangular waveguides are installed so as to have a symmetrical structure with respect to the plane divided into two equal to the left and right, the circularly polarized wave that operates with good reflection matching There is an effect that a generator is obtained.
[0045]
According to the present invention, the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) With a circular waveguide , Above Of the 1st to mth circular waveguides Each The major axis is longer than the diameter of the circular waveguide and the minor axis is Them Since the circularly polarized wave generator including the first to m−1 elliptical waveguides shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguide is configured, the number, interval, diameter, and thickness of the elliptical waveguides are configured. By appropriately designing the length of the elliptical waveguide, the polarization phase passing through the elliptical waveguide is perpendicular to the major axis of the elliptical waveguide. The phase can be delayed by 90 degrees. Therefore, there is an effect that a circularly polarized wave generator in which linearly polarized light incident from the input end is output as circularly polarized wave from the output end can be realized. Also, by delaying the pass phase of the polarization component perpendicular to the major axis of the elliptical waveguide, and simultaneously advancing the pass phase of the polarization component horizontal to the major axis of the elliptical waveguide Since the mutual pass phase difference is obtained, a large phase delay and good reflection matching are possible with a short tube axis length, and a circularly polarized wave generator that operates with good characteristics over a wide band is obtained. There is an effect.
[0046]
According to the present invention, the first to mth (M is an integer of 4 or more) The circular waveguides are arranged on the same axis, Them 1st to mth circular waveguides Perpendicular to the tube axis direction Since the circularly polarized wave generator in which the first to m−1th elliptical waveguides are installed so as to have a symmetric structure with respect to the plane that is divided into two equal parts to the left and right, the circular polarization that operates with good reflection matching is configured. There is an effect that a wave generator is obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an electromagnetic field distribution of incident waves according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing electromagnetic field distributions of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a circularly polarized wave generator according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional circularly polarized wave generator.
FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional electromagnetic field distribution of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
[Explanation of symbols]
11, 21 circular waveguide, 12, 12a, 12b, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 23, 26 side groove, 13a, 14a side groove (first side groove), 13b, 14b Side groove (second side groove), 20 dielectric, 22 rectangular waveguide, 24, 27 protrusion, 25 elliptical waveguide, C1 tube axis, P1 input end, P2 output end, S1 plane.

Claims

Symmetrical structure with respect to a plane bisecting the left and right vertical circular waveguide in the tube axis direction, large volume in centered portion, the volume small kuna so that the input and output ends direction, the A circularly polarized wave generator comprising first to nth (n is an integer of 3 or more) side grooves arranged along a tube axis direction on a side wall of a circular waveguide.

Symmetrical structure with respect to a plane bisecting the left and right vertical circular waveguide in the tube axis direction, large volume in centered portion, the volume small kuna so that the input and output ends direction, the a groove of the n from a first arrayed along the axial direction of the tube on the side wall of the circular waveguide (n is an integer of 3 or more), and groove their first to n in the side wall of the circular waveguide A circularly polarized wave generator provided with (n + 1) th to 2nth side grooves provided so as to have a symmetrical structure at positions facing each other across the tube axis of the circular waveguide.

The first to n-th side grooves, all of the first to second n-side grooves, or any one of the side grooves has a rectangular cross-sectional shape in the tube axis direction and the circumferential direction. The circularly polarized wave generator according to claim 2.

The first to n-th side grooves, all of the first to second n-side grooves, or the cross-sectional shape of any one of the side grooves in the tube axis direction and the circumferential direction are semicircular at both ends. Item 3. The circularly polarized wave generator according to item 1 or 2.

The first to n-th side grooves, all of the first to second n-side grooves, or the cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of any one of the side grooves are rectangular. Item 5. The circularly polarized wave generator according to any one of items 4 to 5.

The cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the first to n-th side grooves, all of the first to second n-side grooves, or any one of the side grooves is a semicircular shape. The circularly polarized wave generator of any one of Claim 4.

The first to n-th side grooves, all of the first to second n-side grooves, or any one of the side grooves has a fan-like cross-sectional shape in the radial direction and the circumferential direction. The circularly polarized wave generator according to any one of 4.

The dielectric material is provided for all of the first to n-th side grooves, all of the first to second n-side grooves, or any one of the side grooves. The circularly polarized wave generator according to claim 1.

A circular waveguide of the m from the first (m is an integer of 4 or more), it is inserted between the upper Symbol first of each of the circular waveguide of the first m, long side thereof circular waveguide diameter A circularly polarized wave generator comprising first to m−1 rectangular waveguides which are longer and have shorter sides shorter than the diameter of the circular waveguides.

The first to m-th circular waveguides are arranged on the same axis, and the first to m-th circular waveguides have a symmetrical structure with respect to a plane that bisects to the left and right perpendicular to the tube axis direction. The circularly polarized wave generator according to claim 9, wherein first to m−1 square waveguides are installed.

A circular waveguide of the m from the first (m is an integer of 4 or more), it is inserted between the upper Symbol first of each of the circular waveguide of the first m, major diameter than the diameter of their circular waveguide A circularly polarized wave generator comprising first to m−1 elliptical waveguides that are longer and shorter in diameter than those of the circular waveguides.

The first to m-th circular waveguides are arranged on the same axis, and the first to m-th circular waveguides have a symmetrical structure with respect to a plane that bisects to the left and right perpendicular to the tube axis direction. 12. The circularly polarized wave generator according to claim 11, wherein first to m-1 th elliptical waveguides are provided.