JP3655435B2 - Method for producing egg yolk lecithin - Google Patents

Method for producing egg yolk lecithin Download PDF

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JP3655435B2
JP3655435B2 JP17671297A JP17671297A JP3655435B2 JP 3655435 B2 JP3655435 B2 JP 3655435B2 JP 17671297 A JP17671297 A JP 17671297A JP 17671297 A JP17671297 A JP 17671297A JP 3655435 B2 JP3655435 B2 JP 3655435B2
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egg yolk
lecithin
yolk lecithin
water
extraction
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JPH1118688A (en
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康彦 重松
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QP Corp
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QP Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、簡便な操作により乾燥卵黄からリン脂質の純度が60%以上の卵黄レシチンを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
リン脂質は、分子内に親水基と疎水基を有していることから、従来より、卵黄レシチンも含め純度60%以上のリン脂質は、食品、医薬品、化粧品分野で、広く乳化剤として使用されている。
特に、リン脂質の純度が60%以上の卵黄レシチンは、食品分野において、乳化剤以外の用途にも、近年、重用されるようになってきている。例えば、卵黄レシチン中のリン脂質には、ホスファチジルコリンが約80%と高濃度に含有し、大豆レシチン等の他の天然由来のリン脂質とは異なる物性及び生理学的性質を有していることから、その性質を利用して、ビタミンB12と組み合わせた健脳組成物(特開平4−94669)やチョコレートの口腔壁への粘着性低減剤(特開平8−294361)として利用されている。
また、卵黄レシチン中のリン脂質は、他の天然由来のリン脂質と比較し、構成脂肪酸にアラキドン酸やドコサヘキサエン酸等の高度不飽和脂肪酸を高濃度に含有していることから、調製粉乳の高度不飽和脂肪酸の供給源(特公平7−51043、特開平6−209703)としても利用されている。
それで、高純度の卵黄レシチンが食品分野で種々の用途に使用されるに伴い、安価で安全性の高く、しかも風味安定性に優れた卵黄レシチンが望まれるようになってきた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一方、卵黄レシチンの製造方法はいくつか知られており、特公昭56−47915、特開昭61−74548、特開昭62−22556、特開昭62−93294、特公平5−60839、特開平7−26287、特公昭59−5263、特開平1−197492等が挙げられる。
【0004】
特公昭56−47915は、生卵黄からジメチルエーテルを抽出溶剤としてリン脂質、中性脂質及び水分を抽出分離し、脱溶剤後、脂質成分の水分を調整して高純度卵黄レシチンと中性脂質を分離する方法である。この方法では、抽出溶剤のジメチルエーテルが、常温常圧で強燃焼性の気体であるため、抽出溶剤として使用するには、耐圧容器等の特殊な装置を必要とし、爆発や火災防止のために細心の注意をし取り扱わなければならない等汎用性に乏しく、また装置に高コストを要する。
さらに、高純度卵黄レシチンは、水と一緒に回収されるため、その後脱水・乾燥をする必要があるが、レシチン中のリン脂質の品質劣化のおそれから品温を高くして行うことができず、高コストの凍結乾燥を強いられる等の問題を有する。
【0005】
特開昭61−74548は、生卵黄または乾燥卵黄からエタノール、クロロホルム、ジメチルエーテル等を抽出溶剤として卵黄脂質を抽出し、脱溶剤後、超臨界CO2 で卵黄脂質から中性脂質及びコレステロールを抽出分離することによる高純度卵黄レシチンの製造方法であり、また、特開昭62−22556は、乾燥卵黄に超臨界CO2 を接触させ、中性脂質とコレステロールを抽出後、抽出槽外に取り出し、残留成分に超臨界CO2 または液化CO2 のいずれかとエタノールとの混合溶剤を接触させて高純度卵黄レシチンを抽出する方法である。これらの方法は、いずれも超臨界CO2 を使用するため耐圧容器等の特殊な装置を必要とし、装置に高コストを要する。
【0006】
特開昭62−93294は、生卵黄または乾燥卵黄に1価アルコールを加えて攪拌した後、n−ヘキサンを加えて攪拌し、濾過でn−ヘキサン層を採取し、n−ヘキサンを除去して卵黄レシチンを得る方法である。この方法は、抽出溶剤にn−ヘキサンを使用しているため、食品分野に利用するには、安全性や風味安定性の観点からn−ヘキサンを完全に除去する必要がある。しかしながら、n−ヘキサンを一般的に使用している植物油脂の製造と異なりレシチンの場合は、品温を高くして抽出溶剤を除去するとレシチン中のリン脂質の品質劣化を招くおそれがあり、そのため、n−ヘキサンの除去は、低温で長時間行わなければならず、しかも完全除去は困難である。
また、この方法では、リン脂質の純度が低い卵黄レシチンしか得られないことより、リン脂質の純度が高い卵黄レシチンを得るためには、アセトン処理等の工程を付加する必要があり、工程が煩雑になる。
【0007】
特公平5−60839は、凍結卵黄からエタノール:n−ヘキサン=25:75〜15:85の混合溶剤を抽出溶剤として卵黄脂質を抽出し、1価の金属塩の水溶液を加えて水−エタノール層を分別除去し、n−ヘキサン層を限外濾過膜で処理して高純度卵黄レシチンを得る方法である。この方法は、前述と同様、n−ヘキサンを完全に除去することは困難であるため、食品分野に利用するには、安全性や風味安定性の点で問題となる。
【0008】
特開平7−26287は、生卵黄または乾燥卵黄からエタノールの濃度が80〜90容量%の含水エタノールを抽出溶剤として使用し、室温以下の温度で高純度卵黄レシチンを抽出する方法であり、また、特公昭59−5263は、乾燥卵黄からエタノールの濃度が約92〜96容量%の含水エタノールを抽出溶剤として使用し、約35℃以下の温度で高純度卵黄レシチンを抽出する方法である。これらの方法は、いずれも水を高含有したエタノールを使用しているため、卵黄レシチン中に水分が多く残存しやすく、また、卵黄中の水溶性成分の混入を回避できず、微生物の増殖や風味の劣化等が懸念される。
【0009】
特開平1−197492は、中性脂質含有リン脂質を酢酸エステルで常温で溶解した後、冷却して酢酸エステルに不溶性の高純度レシチンを抽出する方法である。この方法は、溶剤に酢酸エステルを使用しているため、安全性の点で食品分野での使用が制限され、また、酢酸エステルは、わずかな酸や塩基が触媒となって酢酸とアルコールに加水分解されることから、得られたレシチンが酢酸臭を帯びるおそれがある。
【0010】
以上のように、これまで知られた方法は、高コストであったり、安全性で問題であったり、工程が煩雑であったり、風味安定性で問題であったり等、まだ改善される余地があった。
本発明の目的は、従来の方法に比べ、より安全な抽出溶剤で簡便な操作により高純度の卵黄レシチンを得る方法であり、しかも得られたレシチンは風味安定性に優れた卵黄レシチンの製造方法を提供することである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は、乾燥卵黄を、含水率が3容量%以下の低含水エタノールを抽出溶剤として、12℃以下の温度で抽出し、得られた抽出液から溶剤を除去することを特徴とする卵黄レシチンの製造方法である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を詳細に説明する。尚、本発明において、別段に明示している場合を除き「%」はすべて「重量%」を意味する。
本発明において「卵黄レシチン」とは、食品添加物公定書第六版「レシチン」の純度試験「アセトン可溶物」において40%以下を示す、つまり、リン脂質含量が60%以上の高純度卵黄レシチンをいう。なお、本発明により得られる卵黄レシチンには、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、スフィンゴミエリン、リゾホスファチジルコリン等のリン脂質やコレステロール、トリグリセリド等の中性脂質を含有している。
【0013】
また、本発明において「乾燥卵黄」とは、鶏卵等の家禽卵を割卵して、卵黄を卵白から分離し、適宜の乾燥方法によって乾燥させたものをいう。乾燥方法としては、例えば、噴霧乾燥(スプレードライ)、凍結乾燥(フリーズドライ)、真空乾燥、マイクロウェーブ乾燥等が挙げられ、これらの方法の内、大量生産が容易であることから、一般的には噴霧乾燥による方法が用いられている。
また、これらの乾燥方法により得られた乾燥卵黄は、水分量を10%以下、望ましくは4%以下まで乾燥させたものが良い。水分が10%より多いと、抽出工程に至るまでの保管方法によっては、腐敗を招くおそれがあったり、また、後述の含水エタノールにおいて、経済性の観点からエタノールの再利用を行う場合、通常の蒸留装置では、水分とエタノールを分別することは難しく、エタノールを再利用しにくい等種々の問題があり望ましくない。
【0014】
本発明において「エタノール」とは、エチルアルコールのことであり、一般的には、発酵法あるいは合成法で工業的に製造されているものを使用することができる。また、各種変性剤を添加した変性エタノールも使用してもよい。また、「含水率が3容量%以下の低含水エタノール」とは、ほぼ無水のエタノールをそのまま、あるいは精製水等の水分を加配し、含水率が3容量%以下となるように調整したものをいい、エタノールの吸湿性及び安定な品位の卵黄レシチンを得る観点から、含水率を0.5〜3容量%に調整することが好ましい。含水率が3容量%より多いと、得られた卵黄レシチン中に水分が多く残存しやすく、また、卵黄中の水溶性成分の混入を回避できず、微生物の増殖や風味の劣化等が懸念され好ましくない。
【0015】
本発明において「12℃以下の温度で抽出し」とは、低含水エタノール抽出に当たって抽出液と抽出残渣を分離させる際の温度が12℃以下となるように抽出することをいい、好ましくは約4℃以下の温度で抽出するほうが良い。12℃より高いと得られた卵黄レシチンのリン脂質の純度が60%より低くなり、好ましくない。また、抽出方法としては、例えば、低含水エタノールと乾燥卵黄を混合し、攪拌棒、攪拌機、ホモジナイザー等を使用して攪拌抽出し、減圧濾過、加圧濾過、フィルタープレス濾過あるいは遠心分離等を使用し抽出残渣より抽出液を採取する攪拌抽出法、あるいは乾燥卵黄をカラムに充填し、低含水エタノールをカラムに注入して、カラム出口から抽出液を採取するカラム抽出法等が挙げられるが、大量処理が可能である攪拌抽出法が望ましい。
【0016】
本発明の方法により得られる卵黄レシチンは、如何なる理由によりリン脂質の純度が高くなるのか、また、優れた風味安定性を有するかは定かでないが、乾燥卵黄から低含水エタノールを抽出溶剤として卵黄レシチンを抽出する場合、卵黄脂質中のリン脂質は、抽出温度が低くても低含水エタノールへの溶解度が維持されているいるのに対し、中性脂質は、抽出温度が低くなるにつれ低含水エタノールへの溶解度が低下し、その結果、得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質を高純度含有したのではないかと推察される。
また、風味安定性については、含水率が低いエタノールを抽出溶剤として使用しているため、卵黄レシチンの抽出の際、卵黄中の水溶性成分、例えば、アミノ酸や糖等の卵黄レシチンへの混入が抑えられ、そのため保存中に風味の劣化を起こすようなことがなかったためではないかと推察される。
【0017】
以下に、本発明の代表的な製造方法を説明するが、特に、この製造方法に限定するものではない。
▲1▼乾燥卵黄の調製
鶏卵等の家禽卵を割卵し、卵白液から分離して得られた卵黄液を、噴霧乾燥(スプレードライ)、あるいは凍結乾燥(フリーズドライ)により水分量10%以下、好ましくは4%以下となるまで乾燥する。
【0018】
▲2▼乾燥卵黄からの抽出
上記の乾燥卵黄から乾燥卵黄1容量に対し2〜20容量倍、好ましくは3〜10容量倍の低含水エタノール(含水率3容量%以下)を使用し、抽出温度12℃以下で1〜5回、好ましくは2〜3回抽出し、抽出液を分離する。尚、低含水エタノールが2容量倍より少ないと、十分にリン脂質の抽出が行われなかったり、また、20容量倍より多い場合及び抽出回数が6回以上の場合は、その後の抽出液からの溶剤の除去に無駄な時間とエネルギーを費やし経済的でないので好ましくない。
続いて、抽出液から溶剤を減圧濃縮等により除去し、本発明の製造方法による卵黄レシチンを得る。
【0019】
次に、本発明を実施例・試験例に基づき、さらに詳細に説明する。
【実施例】
実施例1
▲1▼乾燥卵黄の調製
鶏卵を割卵して卵黄を採取し、この卵黄を20メッシュの篩で濾過した後、噴霧乾燥を行い乾燥卵黄を得た。この乾燥卵黄は、粗脂肪が60.1%、水分が3.7%であった。
▲2▼乾燥卵黄からの抽出
上記の乾燥卵黄10kgを、底部に濾過面を有するジャケット付き攪拌抽出装置に入れ、ジャケットに5℃の冷却水を通した。次いで、熱交換器で5℃に冷却した含水率2.0容量%の含水エタノール50L(リットル)をジャケット付き攪拌抽出装置に入れ、液温を5〜7℃に保ちながらプロペラ攪拌機で30分間攪拌抽出した。窒素ガスにより加圧濾過し、濾過液を採取し、濾過残渣を熱交換器で5℃に冷却した含水率2.0容量%の含水エタノール20Lで2回洗浄した。濾過液と洗浄液を合わせて抽出液とし、減圧蒸留装置で溶剤を除去し、卵黄レシチン2.5kgを得た。
得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質が63.5%、水分が1.3%、ベンゼン不溶物が0.15%であった。また、卵黄レシチンをアルミ袋に充填し窒素置換後、35℃で1ヵ月保存したが、風味の劣化は殆ど無かった。
【0020】
実施例2
▲1▼乾燥卵黄の調製
鶏卵を割卵して卵黄を採取し、この卵黄を20メッシュの篩で濾過した後、この卵黄液5kgを凍結乾燥して約2kgの乾燥卵黄を得た。この乾燥卵黄は、粗脂肪が58.9%、水分が0.9%であった。
▲2▼乾燥卵黄からの抽出
上記の乾燥卵黄を全量、ジャケット付きの内径10cm、長さ50cmのガラス製カラムに充填し、ジャケットに3℃の冷却水を通した。次いで、このカラム上部より、約2℃に冷却した含水率2.5容量%の含水エタノール20L(リットル)を注入し、カラム下部より抽出液(抽出液−1)を採取した。引き続き、カラム上部より、約2℃に冷却した含水率2.5容量%の含水エタノール10Lを注入し、カラム下部より抽出液(抽出液−2)を採取した。尚、カラム下部より採取直後の抽出液−1及び抽出液−2の液温は3〜4℃であった。抽出液−1と抽出液−2を合わせ、減圧下ロータリーエバポレーターで溶剤を除去し、卵黄レシチン440gを得た。
得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質が69.7%、水分が1.7%、ベンゼン不溶物が0.22%であった。また、卵黄レシチンをアルミ袋に充填し窒素置換後、35℃で1ヵ月保存したが、風味の劣化は殆ど無かった。
【0021】
実施例3
▲1▼乾燥卵黄の調製
鶏卵を割卵して卵黄を採取し、この卵黄を20メッシュの篩で濾過した後、噴霧乾燥を行い乾燥卵黄を得た。この乾燥卵黄は、粗脂肪が59.5%、水分が2.6%であった。
▲2▼乾燥卵黄からの抽出
上記の乾燥卵黄1kgを5L(リットル)容量のステンレス製カップに入れ、カップの周辺を氷水で冷やしながら0℃に冷却した含水率3.0容量%の含水エタノール2Lを注入し、ホモジナイザー(特殊機化工業(株)製:T.K.ホモミクサーM型)にて3000rpmで30分間攪拌抽出した。次に、チャンバー内を4℃に設定した冷却遠心分離機にて3000rpmで10分間遠心分離を行った後、上澄を採取し抽出液とした。さらに0℃に冷却した含水率3.0容量%の含水エタノール2Lを使用して同様な操作を2回繰り返し、計3回分の抽出液を合わせて、減圧下ロータリーエバポレーターで溶剤を除去し、卵黄レシチン275gを得た。
得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質が69.0%、水分が1.9%、ベンゼン不溶物が0.27%であった。また、卵黄レシチンをアルミ袋に充填し窒素置換後、35℃で1ヵ月保存したが、風味の劣化は殆ど無かった。
【0022】
実施例4
実施例2において、凍結乾燥卵黄の代わりに、噴霧乾燥卵黄(粗脂肪58.0%、水分3.9%)を使用し、カラムに充填する前にケイソウ土300gと混合した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法で、卵黄レシチン485gを得た。
得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質が69.2%、水分が1.0%、ベンゼン不溶物が0.07%であった。また、卵黄レシチンをアルミ袋に充填し窒素置換後、35℃で1ヵ月保存したが、風味の劣化は殆ど無かった。
【0023】
【試験例】
試験例1
(試験試料の調製)
噴霧乾燥卵黄(粗脂肪58.0%、水分3.8%)200gを、1L(リットル)ビーカーに採取し、含水率2.0容量%の含水エタノール600ml(ミリリットル)を抽出溶剤として、表1に示す温度で30分間攪拌抽出し、直ちに濾紙で減圧濾過して濾過液を採取した。さらに抽出の際の同含水率、同温度の含水エタノールで洗浄し、直ちに濾紙で減圧濾過して洗浄液を採取した。濾過液と洗浄液を合わせて抽出液とし、抽出液から減圧下ロータリーエバポレーターで溶剤を除去し、試験用の卵黄レシチンを得た。
(分析方法)
1)収率
乾燥卵黄からクロロホルムとメタノールの容量比が2:1の混合溶剤を抽出溶剤として、全卵黄脂質を抽出後、溶剤を除去し粗脂肪を求め、次式により卵黄レシチンの収率を計算した。
収率(%)=(卵黄レシチンの重量/粗脂肪の重量)×100 2)リン脂質の純度
卵黄レシチンのリン脂質の純度を次式により計算した。尚、「アセトン可溶物」は、食品添加物公定書第六版「レシチン」の純度試験に準じ求めた。
リン脂質の純度(%)=100−アセトン可溶物
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0003655435
【0025】
表1より、含水率が3容量%以下の含水エタノールを抽出溶剤として使用した場合、抽出温度を12℃より高い温度で抽出すると、得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質の純度が60%より低く、高純度の卵黄レシチンが得られないのに対して、抽出温度を12℃以下で抽出すると、得られた卵黄レシチンは、リン脂質の純度が60%以上と高純度の卵黄レシチンが得られることが理解される。特に、抽出温度が4℃以下とすると、さらに高純度の卵黄レシチンが得られることが理解される。
【0026】
試験例2
試験方法
(試験試料の調製)
試験例1の試験試料の調製において、抽出温度を4℃とし、含水エタノールの含水率を表2に示す濃度以外は、試験例1と同様な方法で、卵黄レシチンを調製した。
(分析方法)
1)収率
試験例1に準じ計算した。
2)リン脂質の純度
試験例1に準じ計算した。
3)ベンゼン不溶物
「ベンゼン不溶物」は、食品添加物公定書第六版「レシチン」の純度試験に準じ求めた。
4)水分
「水分」は、食品添加物公定書第六版「レシチン」に準じ求めた。
5)風味の劣化
卵黄レシチンをアルミ袋に充填し窒素置換後、35℃で1ヵ月保存し、風味の劣化を官能試験により確認した。
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0003655435
【0028】
表2より、12℃以下の抽出温度で抽出した場合では、含水エタノールの含水率が異なっているにも係わらず得られた卵黄レシチンは、いずれもリン脂質の純度が60%以上と高純度の卵黄レシチンが得られていた。
しかしながら、含水率が3容量%より多い含水エタノールを抽出溶媒として使用した場合は、ベンゼン不溶物及び水分が高く、さらに風味が劣化していたのに対し、含水率が3容量%以下の含水エタノールでは、ベンゼン不溶物及び水分も低く、また風味の劣化も殆ど起きていなかった。
これより、含水率が3容量%以下の含水エタノールで抽出することにより、風味安定性に優れた好ましい品位を得られることが理解される。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明は、従来の方法に比べ、より安全な抽出溶剤で簡便な操作により高純度の卵黄レシチンを得る方法であり、しかも得られたレシチンは風味安定性に優れていることより、食品分野は勿論のこと医薬・化粧品等の他の分野へも用途拡大が期待される。
【0030】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】試験例1における抽出温度と得られた卵黄レシチン中のリン脂質の純度との関係を示すものである。
【図2】試験例2における抽出溶剤として使用した含水エタノールの含水率と得られた卵黄レシチン中のベンゼン不溶物との関係を示すものである。
【図3】試験例2における抽出溶媒として使用した含水エタノールの含水率と得られた卵黄レシチン中の水分との関係を示すものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing egg yolk lecithin having a phospholipid purity of 60% or more from dried egg yolk by a simple operation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since phospholipids have a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in the molecule, phospholipids with a purity of 60% or more including egg yolk lecithin have been widely used as emulsifiers in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Yes.
In particular, egg yolk lecithin having a purity of phospholipid of 60% or more has recently been heavily used in applications other than emulsifiers in the food field. For example, the phospholipid in egg yolk lecithin contains phosphatidylcholine at a high concentration of about 80%, and has different physical properties and physiological properties from other naturally-derived phospholipids such as soybean lecithin. by utilizing the properties, are used as Kenno compositions in combination with vitamin B 12 (JP-a-4-94669) and adhesion-reducing agent to the chocolate oral wall (JP-a-8-294361).
In addition, phospholipids in egg yolk lecithin contain higher concentrations of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as constituent fatty acids compared to other naturally derived phospholipids. It is also used as a source of unsaturated fatty acids (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-51043, JP-A-6-209703).
Therefore, as high-purity egg yolk lecithin is used for various purposes in the food field, an egg yolk lecithin that is inexpensive, highly safe, and excellent in flavor stability has been desired.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, several methods for producing egg yolk lecithin are known. JP-B-56-47915, JP-A-61-74548, JP-A-62-22556, JP-A-62-93294, JP-B-5-60839, JP-A-5-60839, 7-26287, JP-B-59-5263, JP-A-1-197492, and the like.
[0004]
JP-B-56-47915 extracts and separates phospholipids, neutral lipids and moisture from raw egg yolk using dimethyl ether as an extraction solvent, and after removing the solvent, adjusts the moisture of the lipid components to separate high purity egg yolk lecithin and neutral lipids. It is a method to do. In this method, dimethyl ether, the extraction solvent, is a strong flammable gas at normal temperature and pressure. To use it as an extraction solvent, special equipment such as a pressure vessel is required. Therefore, it must be handled with care, and the versatility is poor, and the apparatus is expensive.
Furthermore, since high-purity egg yolk lecithin is collected together with water, it must be dehydrated and dried. However, it cannot be performed at a high product temperature because of the risk of quality deterioration of phospholipids in lecithin. In addition, there are problems such as forced high-cost lyophilization.
[0005]
JP-A 61-74548 extracts egg yolk lipid from raw egg yolk or dried egg yolk using ethanol, chloroform, dimethyl ether or the like as an extraction solvent, and after extraction, neutral lipid and cholesterol are extracted and separated from egg yolk lipid with supercritical CO 2 In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-22556 discloses that a dried egg yolk is brought into contact with supercritical CO 2 to extract neutral lipids and cholesterol, which are then taken out of the extraction tank and remain. This is a method for extracting high-purity egg yolk lecithin by contacting a component with a mixed solvent of either supercritical CO 2 or liquefied CO 2 and ethanol. Each of these methods uses supercritical CO 2 and requires a special apparatus such as a pressure vessel, and the apparatus is expensive.
[0006]
In JP-A-62-93294, after adding monohydric alcohol to raw egg yolk or dried egg yolk and stirring, n-hexane is added and stirred, the n-hexane layer is collected by filtration, and n-hexane is removed. This is a method for obtaining egg yolk lecithin. Since this method uses n-hexane as an extraction solvent, it is necessary to completely remove n-hexane from the viewpoint of safety and flavor stability in order to use it in the food field. However, unlike the production of vegetable oils and fats that generally use n-hexane, in the case of lecithin, if the extraction solvent is removed by raising the product temperature, the quality of phospholipids in lecithin may be deteriorated. , N-hexane must be removed at a low temperature for a long time, and complete removal is difficult.
In addition, in this method, since only egg yolk lecithin with low phospholipid purity can be obtained, in order to obtain egg yolk lecithin with high phospholipid purity, it is necessary to add a process such as acetone treatment, and the process is complicated. become.
[0007]
JP-B-5-60839 extracts egg yolk lipid from frozen egg yolk using a mixed solvent of ethanol: n-hexane = 25: 75-15: 85 as an extraction solvent, and adds an aqueous solution of a monovalent metal salt to form a water-ethanol layer. Is removed and the n-hexane layer is treated with an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain high-purity egg yolk lecithin. As described above, it is difficult for this method to completely remove n-hexane, so that it is problematic in terms of safety and flavor stability when used in the food field.
[0008]
JP-A-7-26287 is a method for extracting high-purity egg yolk lecithin from raw egg yolk or dried egg yolk using an aqueous ethanol having an ethanol concentration of 80 to 90% by volume as an extraction solvent, and at a temperature below room temperature, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 59-5263 is a method for extracting high-purity egg yolk lecithin from dried egg yolk using a water-containing ethanol having an ethanol concentration of about 92 to 96% by volume as an extraction solvent at a temperature of about 35 ° C. or lower. All of these methods use ethanol with a high water content, so that a lot of water tends to remain in the yolk lecithin, and contamination of water-soluble components in the yolk cannot be avoided. There is concern about the deterioration of flavor.
[0009]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-197492 is a method in which neutral lipid-containing phospholipids are dissolved in acetic acid ester at room temperature and then cooled to extract high-purity lecithin insoluble in acetic acid ester. Since this method uses an acetate ester as a solvent, its use in the food field is limited in terms of safety, and the acetate ester is hydrolyzed into acetic acid and alcohol using a slight acid or base as a catalyst. Since it is decomposed, the obtained lecithin may have an acetic acid odor.
[0010]
As described above, the known methods have a room for improvement such as high cost, safety problems, complicated processes, and flavor stability problems. there were.
An object of the present invention is a method for obtaining high-purity egg yolk lecithin by a simple operation with a safer extraction solvent as compared with conventional methods, and the obtained lecithin is a method for producing egg yolk lecithin excellent in flavor stability. Is to provide.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is characterized in that dry egg yolk is extracted at a temperature of 12 ° C. or less using low water content ethanol having a water content of 3% by volume or less as an extraction solvent, and the solvent is removed from the obtained extract. This is a method for producing egg yolk lecithin.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below. In the present invention, “%” means “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, “egg yolk lecithin” means 40% or less in the purity test “acetone soluble product” of the 6th edition “Lecithin” of the food additive official standard, that is, high purity egg yolk having a phospholipid content of 60% or more. Lecithin. The yolk lecithin obtained by the present invention contains phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and neutral lipids such as cholesterol and triglyceride.
[0013]
In the present invention, “dried egg yolk” refers to a product obtained by dividing a poultry egg such as a chicken egg, separating the egg yolk from the egg white, and drying it by an appropriate drying method. Examples of the drying method include spray drying (spray drying), freeze drying (freeze drying), vacuum drying, microwave drying, and the like. A spray drying method is used.
Further, the dried egg yolk obtained by these drying methods is preferably dried to a moisture content of 10% or less, preferably 4% or less. If the water content is more than 10%, depending on the storage method up to the extraction step, there is a risk of causing spoilage, and in the case of water-containing ethanol described later, when ethanol is reused from the economical point of view, In a distillation apparatus, it is difficult to separate water and ethanol, which is not desirable because of various problems such as difficulty in reusing ethanol.
[0014]
In the present invention, “ethanol” means ethyl alcohol, and in general, those produced industrially by fermentation or synthesis can be used. Further, denatured ethanol to which various modifying agents are added may be used. Further, "water content 3% by volume or lower hydrous ethanol", those almost ethanol anhydrous directly or by additional ration water purification such as water, adjusted to a water content of 3 volume% or less From the viewpoint of obtaining ethanol hygroscopicity and stable egg yolk lecithin, it is preferable to adjust the water content to 0.5 to 3% by volume. If the water content is more than 3% by volume, a lot of water tends to remain in the obtained egg yolk lecithin, and mixing of water-soluble components in the egg yolk cannot be avoided, and there is a concern about growth of microorganisms or deterioration of flavor. It is not preferable.
[0015]
In the present invention, “extracting at a temperature of 12 ° C. or lower” means that the extraction is performed so that the temperature at which the extract and the extraction residue are separated is 12 ° C. or lower in the low water content ethanol extraction, preferably about 4 It is better to extract at a temperature below ℃. When the temperature is higher than 12 ° C., the purity of the phospholipid of egg yolk lecithin obtained is lower than 60%, which is not preferable. In addition, as an extraction method, for example, low water content ethanol and dried egg yolk are mixed, extracted with stirring using a stirrer, stirrer, homogenizer, etc., and used under reduced pressure filtration, pressure filtration, filter press filtration, centrifugation, etc. The extraction method can be extracted from the extraction residue, or the column extraction method can be used, such as filling the column with dry egg yolk, injecting low water content ethanol into the column, and collecting the extract from the column outlet. A stirring extraction method that can be processed is desirable.
[0016]
Although it is not certain for what reason the yolk lecithin obtained by the method of the present invention has high phospholipid purity and excellent flavor stability, egg yolk lecithin is extracted from dried egg yolk with low water content ethanol as an extraction solvent. When extracting phospholipids, the solubility of phospholipids in egg yolk lipids in low-water ethanol is maintained even at low extraction temperatures, whereas neutral lipids move to low-water ethanol as the extraction temperature decreases. As a result, it is presumed that the obtained egg yolk lecithin contained a high purity of phospholipid.
As for flavor stability, ethanol with a low water content is used as an extraction solvent. Therefore, when yolk lecithin is extracted, water-soluble components in egg yolk, such as amino acids and sugars, are mixed into egg yolk lecithin. Therefore, it is presumed that the flavor was not deteriorated during storage.
[0017]
Although the typical manufacturing method of this invention is demonstrated below, it does not specifically limit to this manufacturing method in particular.
(1) Preparation of dried egg yolk <br/> A poultry egg such as a chicken egg is split and separated from the egg white liquid, and then the egg yolk liquid is dried by spray drying (spray drying) or freeze drying (freeze drying). Dry until the amount is 10% or less, preferably 4% or less.
[0018]
(2) Extraction from dried egg yolk Using low-hydrated ethanol (water content of 3% by volume or less) from 2 to 20 times, preferably 3 to 10 times the volume of the dried egg yolk. Then, extraction is performed 1 to 5 times, preferably 2 to 3 times at an extraction temperature of 12 ° C. or lower, and the extract is separated. In addition, when the amount of low water content ethanol is less than 2 times volume, phospholipids are not sufficiently extracted, and when the amount is more than 20 times volume and when the number of extractions is 6 times or more, it is not possible to extract from the subsequent extract. Unnecessary time and energy are consumed for removing the solvent, which is not economical.
Subsequently, the solvent is removed from the extract by vacuum concentration or the like to obtain egg yolk lecithin by the production method of the present invention.
[0019]
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and test examples.
【Example】
Example 1
(1) Preparation of dried egg yolk A chicken egg was divided to collect the egg yolk, and the egg yolk was filtered through a 20 mesh sieve, followed by spray drying to obtain a dried egg yolk. The dried egg yolk had a crude fat content of 60.1% and a moisture content of 3.7%.
(2) Extraction from dried egg yolk 10 kg of the dried egg yolk was put into a jacketed stirring extractor having a filtration surface at the bottom, and 5 ° C cooling water was passed through the jacket. Next, 50 L (liter) of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 2.0 vol% cooled to 5 ° C. with a heat exchanger is placed in a jacketed stirring extraction device, and stirred for 30 minutes with a propeller stirrer while maintaining the liquid temperature at 5-7 ° C. Extracted. The mixture was filtered under pressure with nitrogen gas, the filtrate was collected, and the filtration residue was washed twice with 20 L of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 2.0 vol% cooled to 5 ° C. with a heat exchanger. The filtrate and the washing solution were combined to obtain an extract, and the solvent was removed with a vacuum distillation apparatus to obtain 2.5 kg of egg yolk lecithin.
The obtained egg yolk lecithin was 63.5% phospholipid, 1.3% water, and 0.15% benzene insoluble matter. Moreover, egg yolk lecithin was filled in an aluminum bag and purged with nitrogen, and then stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, but there was almost no deterioration in flavor.
[0020]
Example 2
(1) Preparation of dried egg yolk Divided chicken eggs and collected egg yolk, filtered the egg yolk through a 20 mesh sieve, and then freeze-dried 5 kg of this egg yolk to obtain about 2 kg of dried egg yolk. It was. The dried egg yolk had 58.9% crude fat and 0.9% moisture.
{Circle around (2)} Extraction from dried egg yolk The entire amount of the above dried egg yolk was packed in a glass column with a jacket having an inner diameter of 10 cm and a length of 50 cm, and cooling water at 3 ° C. was passed through the jacket. Next, 20 L (liter) of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 2.5 vol% cooled to about 2 ° C. was injected from the upper part of the column, and an extract (extract liquid-1) was collected from the lower part of the column. Subsequently, 10 L of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 2.5 vol% cooled to about 2 ° C. was injected from the top of the column, and an extract (extract 2) was collected from the bottom of the column. In addition, the liquid temperature of the extract-1 and the extract-2 immediately after collection from the lower part of a column was 3-4 degreeC. Extract-1 and Extract-2 were combined, and the solvent was removed with a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to obtain 440 g of egg yolk lecithin.
The obtained egg yolk lecithin contained 69.7% phospholipid, 1.7% water, and 0.22% benzene insoluble matter. Moreover, egg yolk lecithin was filled in an aluminum bag and purged with nitrogen, and then stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, but there was almost no deterioration in flavor.
[0021]
Example 3
(1) Preparation of dried egg yolk A chicken egg was divided to collect the egg yolk, and the egg yolk was filtered through a 20 mesh sieve, followed by spray drying to obtain a dried egg yolk. The dried egg yolk had a crude fat content of 59.5% and a water content of 2.6%.
(2) Extraction from dried egg yolk 1 kg of the above dried egg yolk is put into a 5 L (liter) capacity stainless steel cup and cooled to 0 ° C. while cooling the periphery of the cup with ice water. 2 L of water-containing ethanol was injected, and extracted with stirring at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes with a homogenizer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd .: TK homomixer M type). Next, after centrifuging at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes in a cooling centrifuge set at 4 ° C., the supernatant was collected and used as an extract. Further, using 2 L of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 3.0 vol% cooled to 0 ° C., the same operation was repeated twice. The extracts were combined a total of three times, and the solvent was removed with a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. 275 g of lecithin was obtained.
The obtained egg yolk lecithin contained 69.0% phospholipid, 1.9% water, and 0.27% benzene insoluble matter. Moreover, egg yolk lecithin was filled in an aluminum bag and purged with nitrogen, and then stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, but there was almost no deterioration in flavor.
[0022]
Example 4
In Example 2, instead of freeze-dried egg yolk, spray-dried egg yolk (crude fat 58.0%, moisture 3.9%) was used, except that it was mixed with 300 g of diatomaceous earth before filling the column. In the same manner as in No. 2, 485 g of egg yolk lecithin was obtained.
The obtained egg yolk lecithin was 69.2% phospholipid, 1.0% water, and 0.07% benzene insoluble matter. Moreover, egg yolk lecithin was filled in an aluminum bag and purged with nitrogen, and then stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, but there was almost no deterioration in flavor.
[0023]
[Test example]
Test example 1
(Preparation of test sample)
200 g of spray-dried egg yolk (crude fat 58.0%, moisture 3.8%) was collected in a 1 L (liter) beaker, and 600 ml (milliliter) of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 2.0% by volume was used as an extraction solvent. The mixture was stirred and extracted for 30 minutes at the temperature indicated, and immediately filtered under reduced pressure through filter paper, and the filtrate was collected. Further, it was washed with water-containing ethanol having the same water content and temperature at the time of extraction, and immediately filtered under reduced pressure with a filter paper to collect a washing solution. The filtrate and the washing solution were combined to obtain an extract, and the solvent was removed from the extract with a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to obtain a test egg yolk lecithin.
(Analysis method)
1) Yield of egg yolk lecithin from the dried egg yolk using a mixed solvent with a volume ratio of chloroform and methanol of 2: 1 as the extraction solvent, extracting the whole egg yolk lipid and obtaining the crude fat. Calculated.
Yield (%) = (weight of egg yolk lecithin / weight of crude fat) × 100 2) Purity of phospholipid The purity of phospholipid of egg yolk lecithin was calculated by the following formula. “Acetone-soluble matter” was determined according to the purity test of “Lecithin”, the sixth edition of the official food additive.
Phospholipid purity (%) = 100-acetone soluble material
[Table 1]
Figure 0003655435
[0025]
According to Table 1, when water-containing ethanol having a water content of 3% by volume or less is used as an extraction solvent, when the extraction temperature is extracted at a temperature higher than 12 ° C., the resulting egg yolk lecithin has a phospholipid purity lower than 60%. When the extraction temperature is extracted at 12 ° C. or lower, high-purity egg yolk lecithin is obtained with a phospholipid purity of 60% or more, whereas high-purity egg yolk lecithin cannot be obtained. Is understood. In particular, it is understood that when the extraction temperature is 4 ° C. or less, egg yolk lecithin with higher purity can be obtained.
[0026]
Test example 2
Test method (preparation of test sample)
In preparation of the test sample of Test Example 1, egg yolk lecithin was prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the extraction temperature was 4 ° C. and the water content of water-containing ethanol was the concentration shown in Table 2.
(Analysis method)
1) Yield was calculated according to Test Example 1.
2) Calculated according to Purity Test Example 1 of phospholipid.
3) Benzene insoluble matter “Benzene insoluble matter” was determined according to the purity test of the 6th edition “Lecithin”, the official food additive.
4) Moisture “Moisture” was determined according to the 6th edition “Lecithin”, the official food additive.
5) Deteriorated flavor Egg yolk lecithin was filled in an aluminum bag, purged with nitrogen, and stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, and the deterioration of flavor was confirmed by a sensory test.
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003655435
[0028]
From Table 2, when extracted at an extraction temperature of 12 ° C. or less, the egg yolk lecithin obtained in spite of the difference in the water content of the water-containing ethanol has a high purity of 60% or more of phospholipid. Egg yolk lecithin was obtained.
However, when water-containing ethanol having a water content of more than 3% by volume was used as the extraction solvent, the water-containing ethanol having a water content of 3% by volume or less was high, while the benzene insoluble matter and water were high and the flavor was deteriorated. In benzene, insoluble matter and moisture were low, and the flavor was hardly deteriorated.
From this, it is understood that preferable quality excellent in flavor stability can be obtained by extraction with water-containing ethanol having a water content of 3% by volume or less.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention is a method for obtaining high-purity egg yolk lecithin by a simple operation with a safer extraction solvent as compared with the conventional method, and the obtained lecithin is excellent in flavor stability. Therefore, the application is expected to expand not only to the food field but also to other fields such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
[0030]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the extraction temperature in Test Example 1 and the purity of phospholipids in the obtained egg yolk lecithin.
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the water content of water-containing ethanol used as the extraction solvent in Test Example 2 and the benzene insoluble matter in the obtained egg yolk lecithin.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the water content of water-containing ethanol used as the extraction solvent in Test Example 2 and the water content in the obtained egg yolk lecithin.

Claims (1)

乾燥卵黄を、含水率が3容量%以下の低含水エタノールを抽出溶剤として12℃以下の温度で抽出し、得られた抽出液から溶剤を除去することを特徴とする卵黄レシチンの製造方法。A method for producing egg yolk lecithin, comprising extracting dry egg yolk at a temperature of 12 ° C. or less using low water content ethanol having a water content of 3% by volume or less as an extraction solvent, and removing the solvent from the obtained extract.
JP17671297A 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Method for producing egg yolk lecithin Expired - Fee Related JP3655435B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP17671297A JP3655435B2 (en) 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Method for producing egg yolk lecithin

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JP17671297A JP3655435B2 (en) 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Method for producing egg yolk lecithin

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JPH1118688A JPH1118688A (en) 1999-01-26
JP3655435B2 true JP3655435B2 (en) 2005-06-02

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100446833B1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2004-09-04 강성식 Method of Producing Egg Yolk Lecithin
KR100450308B1 (en) * 2002-03-07 2004-09-24 한국유나이티드제약 주식회사 Process for the crystallization of phosphatidyl choline from yolk
KR100472912B1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2005-03-10 이경용 Fabrication method of lekithos lecithin
KR100472911B1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2005-03-10 주식회사 고센바이오텍 Extraction method of lekithos lecithin
JP6542408B1 (en) 2018-02-21 2019-07-10 丸大食品株式会社 Phospholipid concentrate production method
JP6585749B2 (en) 2018-02-21 2019-10-02 丸大食品株式会社 Method for producing phospholipid concentrate

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