JP3654947B2 - Square battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3654947B2
JP3654947B2 JP04971295A JP4971295A JP3654947B2 JP 3654947 B2 JP3654947 B2 JP 3654947B2 JP 04971295 A JP04971295 A JP 04971295A JP 4971295 A JP4971295 A JP 4971295A JP 3654947 B2 JP3654947 B2 JP 3654947B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
container
opening
thickness
battery
rectangular
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JP04971295A
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JPH08250095A (en
Inventor
秀明 北爪
英明 小澤
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FDK Twicell Co Ltd
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Toshiba Battery Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は有底矩形筒状の容器内の折曲部と段部とにより囲まれた位置に封口部材が絶縁ガスケットを介してかしめ固定された構造を有する角形電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、機器の小型軽量化にともない、体積効率の高い角形電池の開発が行われている。前記角形電池としては、例えば、角形ニッケルカドミウム二次電池や角形ニッケル水素二次電池などの角形アルカリ二次電池、角形リチウム二次電池が角形リチウム電池が知られている。このような角形電池は、過充電状態にされたり、あるいは放電時に誤使用や前記電池を使用する機器の故障等により大電流が流されると、電池内にガスが発生して内圧が上昇してしまう。電池内圧が過度に上昇すると前記角形電池が破裂するおそれがあるため、前記角形電池には防爆機能が設けられている。
【0003】
防爆機能を有する角形電池は、例えば、次のような方法により製造される。上部に矩形枠状の開口部と前記開口部の下方に形成された内方に突出した形状の段部とを有する有底矩形筒状の容器を用意する。前記容器内に正極と負極との間にセパレータを介して作製された電極群を収納した後、電解液を収容する。底部に穴を有する有底矩形筒状の絶縁ガスケット内に防爆機構を持つ封口部材を収納する。この絶縁ガスケットを前記容器内の段部に載置する。前記容器の前記開口部を縮径した後、前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げて折曲部を形成することにより前記角形電池を製造する。前記角形電池において、前記絶縁ガスケットは前述した方法で形成された折曲部により圧縮されているため、この絶縁ガスケットの反発弾性力によって前記封口部材は前記折曲部と段部とにより囲まれた空間にかしめ固定される。このため、前記角形電池の気密性が保たれる。なお、前記封口部材は、ガス抜き孔を有する封口板と、前記封口板にそのガス抜き孔を囲むように載置され、ガス通過孔を有する帽子形の端子キャップと、前記封口板と前記端子キャップとの間に前記ガス抜き孔を覆うように配置された合成ゴム製の弾性弁体とから構成される。
【0004】
このような構成の角形電池においてガスが発生し、所望の値のガス圧力が前記封口板のガス抜き孔を通して前記弾性弁体に加わると、前記弁体は変形して持ち上げられるため、前記封口板と前記弁体との間に隙間が生じる。その結果、前記ガスは前記隙間,前記端子キャップのガス通過孔を通して外部へ逃散するため、破裂が防止される。
【0005】
ところで、前記角形電池の容器は、従来より側面部分の厚さが均一な容器が用いられている。このような容器は、例えば、厚さが均等な金属板に深絞り成形を施すことにより作製される。この深絞り成形により容器を作製すると、底部の厚さが側面部分に比べて厚くなる傾向があり、結果として側面部分の厚さのみが均一な容器が得られる。しかしながら、前記側面部分の厚さが均一な容器は、優れた加工性と高い強度という相反する性質を兼ね備えることが困難であるという問題点があった。
【0006】
すなわち、前記角形電池において、例えば過充電等により前記容器内にガスが発生してガス圧力が上昇すると、前記容器が膨脹される。この膨脹により前記容器の側面が外方へ湾曲するが、この湾曲度合いは長辺側の面が短辺側の面に比べて著しく大きい。封口部の長辺側の面が外側に向かって膨出すると、前記絶縁ガスケットの圧縮率が低下するため、前記角形電池の気密性が低下するという問題点があった。このようなことからガス発生時の封口部の膨脹を防止するために前記容器開口部の厚さを厚くして強度を向上すると、前記容器開口部の加工性が低下する。その結果、前述した角形電池の製造工程において、前記容器の開口部上端を内方に折り曲げ難くなるため、折り曲げ度合いが不十分になる。従って、前記折曲部による前記絶縁ガスケットの圧縮度合いが低下するため、前記電池の気密性が低下する。なお、この角形電池の気密性を向上するために前記開口部に過度に押圧力を加えて前記開口部の上端を十分に折り曲げようとすると、前記容器の胴部に過剰な力が加わるため、前記容器の胴部や底部に凹みや歪みなどの変形が生じるという問題点があった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、ガス発生時に開口部の長辺側の面が外方に湾曲するのを防止でき、かつ開口部の加工性が優れ、更にかしめ固定工程時に胴部が変形するのを防止することが可能な容器を備えた角形電池を提供しようとするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上部に矩形枠状の開口部と前記開口部の下方に形成された内方に突出した形状の段部とを有する有底矩形筒状の容器と、前記容器内に収納され、正極と負極との間にセパレータを介して作製された電極群と、前記容器内に収容された電解液と、前記容器内の段部に載置されて前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げることにより前記段部と折曲部とにより囲まれた空間に圧縮状態で配置された底部に穴を有する有底矩形筒状の絶縁ガスケットと、前記絶縁ガスケット内に配置され、前記ガスケットの圧縮下においてかしめ固定される防爆機能を持つ封口部材とを具備した角形電池であって、前記容器は、前記開口部を除く容器側面部分の厚さをL1とし、前記開口部のうち長辺中央部分に位置する箇所の厚さをL2とし、かつ前記開口部のうちコーナに位置する箇所の厚さをL3とした時にL2>L1≧L3を満たす構造を有し、
前記厚さL 1 を1とした際に前記厚さL 2 を1.05〜1.1とし、かつ前記厚さL 3 を0.85〜1とすることを特徴とするものである。
【0009】
前記容器において、前記厚さL1 を1とした時に、前記厚さL2 を1.05〜1.1にし、かつ前記厚さL3 を0.85〜1にすることが好ましい。これは次のような理由によるものである。前記厚さL2 を1.05未満にすると、前記電池内にガスが発生した際に前記開口部の長辺側の面が外側に向かって湾曲する恐れがあるため、前記電池の気密性が低下する恐れがある。一方、前記厚さL2 が1.1を越えると、前記開口部の長辺側の面の加工性が低下する恐れがあるため、前記電池の製造工程において前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げる際に前記容器に過度な押圧力が加わって歪みや凹み等の変形が生じる恐れがある。また、前記厚さL3 を0.85未満にすると、肉厚が薄くなるため、加工時にコーナ部にクラックが入りやすくなり、気密性の低下をおこすおそれがある。一方、前記厚さL3 が1を越えると、前記開口部のコーナ付近の加工性が低下するおそれがあるため、前記電池の製造工程において前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げる際に前記容器に過度な押圧力が加わって歪みや凹み等の変形が生じるおそれがある。
【0010】
前記容器の開口部のうち短辺側の面の厚さL4 は、前記開口部の加工性を向上すると共に加工時に開口部短辺側の面が変形するのを防止するために前記厚さL3 と同じ程度にするか、または前記厚さL3 と異なる場合には前記厚さL4 を0.85〜1(前記厚さL1 を1とする)にすることが好ましい。前記厚さL4 を0.85未満にすると、肉厚が薄くなるため、加工時に開口部の短辺側の面にクラックが入りやすくなり、気密性の低下をおこすおそれがある。一方、前記厚さL4 が1を越えると、前記開口部の短辺側の面の加工性が低下するおそれがあるため、前記電池の製造工程において前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げる際に前記容器に過度な押圧力が加わって歪みや凹み等の変形が生じるおそれがある。
【0011】
前記容器は、開口部のビッカース硬度を前記開口部を除く容器側面部分に比べて低くすることが好ましい。このような容器は、開口部の加工性を向上することができ、かつ開口部より下方に位置する容器部分の強度を向上することができる。前記容器は、前記開口部のビッカース硬度を80Hv〜120Hvにし、かつ前記開口部を除く容器側面部分のビッカース硬度を140Hv〜180Hvにすることがより好ましい。
【0012】
前記容器を形成する材料としては、例えば、ニッケルメッキが施された鉄、ニッケルメッキが施された極低炭素鋼の冷延鋼、ステンレス等を挙げることができる。
【0013】
【作用】
本発明の角形電池によれば、開口部を除く容器側面部分、つまり胴部側面の厚さをL1 とし、前記開口部のうち長辺中央に位置する箇所の厚さをL2 とし、かつ前記開口部のうちコーナに位置する箇所の厚さをL3 とした時にL2 >L1 ≧L3 を満たす構造を有する容器を備える。このような容器は、胴部の強度を高く保持したままで、かつ開口部の加工性を損なうことなく前記開口部のうちの長辺中央に位置する箇所の強度を向上することができる。前記容器の開口部が優れた加工性を有することから前記角形電池の製造工程において前記開口部の上端を十分に、かつ容易に折り曲げることができ、形成された折曲部により絶縁ガスケットを十分に圧縮することができる。その結果、前記絶縁ガスケットの反発弾性力によって前記容器に防爆機能付き封口部材を気密性良くかしめ固定することができる。また、前記容器に過度な押圧力を加えることなく前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げることができる。前記開口部の長辺側の面において中央部の強度がコーナ部に比べて高いことから前記長辺側の面は撓み難く、かつ前記角形電池は前述したように気密性良く封口がなされているため、例えば過充電や放電時の誤使用等によりガスが発生した際に、前記長辺側の面が外方へ湾曲するのを防止することができる。その結果、ガス発生後においても前記絶縁ガスケットの圧縮率を高い値に維持することができるため、前記電池の気密性を向上することができる。このため、前記電池の信頼性を向上することが可能になる。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
実施例1
図1に示すように、本発明に係る角形電池は、一方極(例えば負極)端子を兼ねる容器1を備える。前記容器1は、例えばニッケルメッキが施された鉄から形成されている。前記容器1は、図2に示すように有底矩形筒状である。その角筒部寸法は例えば、長辺側の幅が16.4mmで、短辺側の幅が5.5mmで、高さが46.6mmである。前記容器1は、上部に矩形枠状の開口部2を有する。前記開口部2は、図3に示すように長辺側の側面が外側に湾曲した形状を有する。前記開口部2の厚さは例えば、長辺中央に位置する箇所の厚さ(L2 )が0.43mmで、コーナに位置する箇所の厚さ(L3 )が0.4mmで、更に短辺側の面の厚さ(L4 )が0.4mmである。前記開口部2を除く容器側面部分、つまり胴部側面の厚さ(L1 )は例えば0.4mmである。従って、前記容器はL2 >L1 ≧L3 を満たす構造を有する。また、前記胴部の厚さL1 を1とすると、前記厚さL2 は1.075で、前記厚さL3 は1.00で、かつ前記厚さL4 は1.00である。なお、前記容器1の開口部2のビッカース硬度は例えば100Hvで、胴部側面のビッカース硬度は例えば160Hvである。前記容器1の前記開口部2の上端は内方に折り曲げられて折曲部3が形成されている。前記容器1の開口部2の下方には、例えば0.2mm内方に突出した形状の段部4が形成されている。電極群5は、一方極(例えば負極)6と、セパレータ7で包まれた他方極(例えば正極)8とを交互に重ね合わせて形成されている。前記電極群5は、前記容器1の内周面と前記負極6が接触するように前記容器1内に収納されている。電解液は前記容器1内に収容されている。合成樹脂製の絶縁ガスケット9は、底部に矩形の穴9aが開口された有底矩形筒状である。前記絶縁ガスケット9は、前記容器1内の前記折曲部3と前記段部4とにより囲まれた位置に目的とする圧縮状態で配置されている。防爆機能及び他方極(例えば正極)端子を兼ねる封口部材10は、前記絶縁ガスケット9内に配置され、前記絶縁ガスケット9の反発弾性力により強固にかしめ固定されている。前記封口部材10は、中央にガス抜き孔11を有する矩形状の封口板12と、例えば合成ゴムからなる弾性弁体13と、ガス通過孔(図示しない)を有する帽子形の端子キャップ14とから構成されている。前記弾性弁体13は前記封口板12にそのガス抜き孔11を覆うように載置されている。前記端子キャップ14は前記弾性弁体13を包囲するように配置され、溶接により前記封口板12に固定されている。他方極(例えば正極)リード15は、一端が前記正極8に接続され、他端が前記封口板12の下面と接続されている。
【0015】
なお、前記角形電池においてガスが発生し、所望の値のガス圧力が前記封口板12のガス抜き孔11を通して前記弾性弁体13に加わると、前記弁体13は変形して持ち上げられるため、前記封口板12前記弁体13との間に隙間が生じる。その結果、前記ガスは前記隙間,前記端子キャップ14のガス通過孔を通して外部へ逃散するため、破裂が防止される。
【0016】
このような構成の角形電池によれば、前述した式L2 >L1 ≧L3 を満たす構造を有する容器1を備える。このような容器1は、前記開口部2の加工性を損なうことなく前記開口部2のうちの長辺中央に位置する箇所の強度を向上することができる。前記容器1の開口部2の加工性が高いことから前記開口部2の上端に所望の形状を持つ折曲部3を形成することができるため、前記折曲部3により前記絶縁ガスケット9を十分に圧縮することができる。その結果、前記絶縁ガスケット9の反発弾性力によって前記容器1に封口部材10を気密性良くかしめ固定することができる。また、前記容器1に過度な押圧力を加えることなく前記開口部2上端を内方に折り曲げることができるので、かしめ固定の際に前記容器1の胴部に凹みや歪みなどの変形が生じるのを防止することができる。前記開口部2の長辺側の面において中央部の強度がコーナ部に比較して高いことから前記開口部2の長辺側の面は撓み難く、かつ前記角形電池は前述したように気密性良く封口がなされているため、例えば過充電や放電時の誤使用等によりガスが発生した際に、前記ガス圧力により前記長辺側の面が外方へ湾曲するのを防止することができる。その結果、ガス発生後においても前記絶縁ガスケットの圧縮率を高い値に維持することができるため、前記電池の気密性を向上することができる。このため、前記電池の信頼性を向上することが可能になる。
【0017】
本発明に係わる角形電池の優れた特性は以下に示す実験により確認された。
比較例1
次に示す容器を用いた以外は実施例1と同様な構成の角形電池を製造した。
【0018】
すなわち、前記容器は有底矩形筒状で、上部に矩形枠状の開口部を有する。前記容器の側面部分の厚さは全て0.4mmである。また、前記容器の開口部のビッカース硬度は100Hvで、前記開口部より下方に位置する容器側面部分のビッカース硬度は160Hvである。
参照例1
次に示す容器を用いた以外は実施例1と同様な構成の角形電池を製造した。
【0019】
すなわち、前記容器は有底矩形筒状で、上部に矩形枠状の開口部を有する。前記容器の開口部の厚さは全て0.43mmで、前記開口部より下方に位置する容器側面部分の厚さは0.4mmである。また、前記容器の開口部のビッカース硬度は100Hvで、前記開口部より下方に位置する容器側面部分のビッカース硬度は160Hvである。
【0020】
実施例1及び比較例1及び参照例1の角形電池の容器の下部側面に孔を設け、この孔から前記容器内にガスを送りこみ、開口部の長辺側の内面と絶縁ガスケットの長辺側の側壁との間に隙間が生じてこの隙間からガス漏れが生じた時の前記容器内の圧力を測定した。その結果を下記表1に示す。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0003654947
【0022】
表1から明らかなように、前記式を満たす構造を有する容器を備えた実施例1の角形電池は、開口部の上端に所望の形状を有する折曲部が形成され、容器に変形がなく、ガスリーク圧が13〜16kgf/cm2 と高く、封口耐圧が高いことがわかる。これに対し、側面部分の厚さが全て等しい容器を備えた比較例1の角形電池は、容器に変形が生じなかったものの、膨らみに対して最も弱い前記容器の長辺側の面が電池内部圧力の上昇に伴って撓み、ガスリーク圧が9〜12kgf/cm2 と低いことがわかる。また、開口部全体の厚さが胴部側面よりも厚い容器を備えた参照例1の角形電池は、容器の開口部上端の折り曲げ度合いが浅く、かつ容器の底部に変形が生じ、ガスリーク圧が8〜10kgf/cm2 と低いことがわかる。
【0023】
なお、前記実施例では、前述した図2及び図3に示すように開口部の長辺側の側面が外側に湾曲した形状の容器に適用した例を説明したが、図4に示すように長辺中央付近が外側に張り出した形状を持つ開口部2を有する容器を用いても良い。
【0024】
前記実施例では安全弁として前述した図1に示す弾性弁体からなり、弁作動後に再び封口板のガス抜き孔を密閉する復帰式のものを用いたが、安全弁としては前記封口板と前記端子キャップとの間に前記封口板のガス抜き孔を覆うように介装された弁膜(例えば可撓性薄膜から形成される)からなる非復帰式のものを用いることができる。前記非復帰式の安全弁を備えた電池では、前記電池内のガスが前記封口板の前記ガス抜き孔を通して前記弁膜に圧力を加え、これを破断する。従って、前記ガスは前記弁膜の破断箇所及び前記端子キャップの前記ガス抜き孔から外部に逃散し、前記電池の破裂が防止される。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように本発明の角形電池によれば、容器に封口部材を気密性良くかしめ固定することができ、かしめ固定の際に容器が変形するのを防止することができ、例えば過充電や誤使用等により電池内にガスが発生した際に前記開口部の長辺側の面が外方に湾曲するのを抑制することができ、前記ガス発生時に絶縁ガスケットの圧縮率が低下するのを防止することができ、前記電池の気密性を向上することができるという顕著な効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る角形電池を示す要部断面図。
【図2】図1の容器を示す斜視図。
【図3】図2の容器の上面図。
【図4】本発明に係る別の角形電池に用いられる容器を示す上面図。
【符号の説明】
1…容器、2…開口部、3…折曲部、4…段部、5…電極群、9…絶縁ガスケット、10…防爆機能及び端子を兼ねる封口部材、12…封口板。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a prismatic battery having a structure in which a sealing member is caulked and fixed via an insulating gasket at a position surrounded by a bent part and a step part in a bottomed rectangular cylindrical container.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, along with the reduction in size and weight of devices, development of rectangular batteries with high volumetric efficiency has been performed. As the prismatic battery, for example, prismatic alkaline secondary batteries such as prismatic nickel cadmium secondary batteries and prismatic nickel metal hydride secondary batteries, and prismatic lithium secondary batteries are known as prismatic lithium batteries. When such a prismatic battery is overcharged, or when a large current is caused to flow due to misuse or failure of equipment using the battery, gas is generated in the battery and the internal pressure increases. End up. Since the prismatic battery may burst if the battery internal pressure rises excessively, the prismatic battery is provided with an explosion-proof function.
[0003]
A square battery having an explosion-proof function is manufactured, for example, by the following method. A bottomed rectangular tube-shaped container having a rectangular frame-shaped opening at the top and an inwardly projecting step formed below the opening is prepared. After accommodating the electrode group produced via the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the container, the electrolytic solution is accommodated. A sealing member having an explosion-proof mechanism is housed in a bottomed rectangular cylindrical insulating gasket having a hole at the bottom. This insulating gasket is placed on the step in the container. After reducing the diameter of the opening of the container, the rectangular battery is manufactured by bending the upper end of the opening inward to form a bent portion. In the rectangular battery, since the insulating gasket is compressed by the bent portion formed by the above-described method, the sealing member is surrounded by the bent portion and the stepped portion by the repulsive elastic force of the insulating gasket. It is caulked and fixed in space. For this reason, the airtightness of the square battery is maintained. The sealing member includes a sealing plate having a gas venting hole, a cap-shaped terminal cap that is placed on the sealing plate so as to surround the gas venting hole, and has a gas passage hole, the sealing plate, and the terminal. It is comprised from the elastic valve body made from a synthetic rubber arrange | positioned so that the said gas vent hole may be covered between caps.
[0004]
When the gas is generated in the rectangular battery having such a configuration and a gas pressure of a desired value is applied to the elastic valve body through the vent hole of the sealing plate, the valve body is deformed and lifted. And a gap between the valve body and the valve body. As a result, the gas escapes to the outside through the gap and the gas passage hole of the terminal cap, thereby preventing rupture.
[0005]
By the way, the container of the said square battery has used the container with the uniform thickness of the side part conventionally. Such a container is produced, for example, by performing deep drawing on a metal plate having a uniform thickness. When a container is produced by this deep drawing, the thickness of the bottom portion tends to be thicker than that of the side surface portion, and as a result, a container having a uniform thickness only on the side surface portion is obtained. However, the container having a uniform thickness on the side surface has a problem that it is difficult to combine the contradictory properties of excellent workability and high strength.
[0006]
That is, in the rectangular battery, for example, when gas is generated in the container due to overcharging or the like and the gas pressure is increased, the container is expanded. Due to this expansion, the side surface of the container is curved outward, but the degree of curvature is significantly greater on the long side surface than on the short side surface. When the long side surface of the sealing portion bulges outward, the compression rate of the insulating gasket is lowered, and thus the airtightness of the rectangular battery is lowered. For this reason, if the thickness of the container opening is increased to improve the strength in order to prevent expansion of the sealing part when gas is generated, the workability of the container opening is lowered. As a result, in the above-described rectangular battery manufacturing process, the upper end of the opening of the container is difficult to be bent inward, so that the degree of bending becomes insufficient. Accordingly, since the degree of compression of the insulating gasket by the bent portion is reduced, the airtightness of the battery is reduced. In order to improve the airtightness of the prismatic battery, if excessive pressure is applied to the opening and the upper end of the opening is sufficiently bent, an excessive force is applied to the body of the container. There has been a problem that deformation such as dents and distortion occurs in the body and bottom of the container.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to prevent the long side surface of the opening from being bent outward when gas is generated, and to improve the workability of the opening, and to prevent the body from being deformed during the caulking and fixing process. An object of the present invention is to provide a prismatic battery including a container that can be used.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a container with a bottomed rectangular tube having a rectangular frame-shaped opening at the top and a stepped portion formed inwardly and formed below the opening, and is housed in the container. An electrode group produced via a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, an electrolyte solution contained in the container, and placed on a step in the container to bend the upper end of the opening inward Accordingly, a bottomed rectangular cylindrical insulating gasket having a hole in the bottom portion disposed in a compressed state in a space surrounded by the stepped portion and the bent portion, and disposed in the insulating gasket, and under compression of the gasket a prismatic battery comprising a sealing member having a caulking fixed the explosion-proof function in the container, the thickness of the container side portion except the opening and L 1, long side central portion of said opening The thickness of the part located at L is L 2 and the opening Have a structure that satisfies L 2> L 1 ≧ L 3 when the thickness of a portion located at the corner and the L 3 of,
When the thickness L 1 is set to 1, the thickness L 2 is set to 1.05 to 1.1, and the thickness L 3 is set to 0.85 to 1 .
[0009]
In the container, when the thickness L 1 is 1, it is preferable that the thickness L 2 is 1.05 to 1.1 and the thickness L 3 is 0.85 to 1. This is due to the following reason. When the thickness L 2 less than 1.05, because the surface of the long sides of the opening when the gas is generated within the battery may be outwardly curved, the airtightness of the battery May fall. On the other hand, when the thickness L 2 exceeds 1.1, the processability of the surface of the long sides of the opening may be lowered, the upper end of the opening inwardly in the manufacturing process of the battery When the container is bent, an excessive pressing force may be applied to the container to cause deformation such as distortion or dent. On the other hand, when the thickness L 3 is less than 0.85, the wall thickness becomes thin, so that the corner portion is liable to crack at the time of processing, and the airtightness may be lowered. On the other hand, if the thickness L 3 exceeds 1, the workability of the opening in the vicinity of the corner may be lowered. Therefore, when the upper end of the opening is bent inward in the battery manufacturing process, the container There is a possibility that deformation such as distortion or dent may occur due to excessive pressing force applied to the surface.
[0010]
The thickness L 4 of the surface of the short side of the opening of said container, said thickness in order to prevent the surface of the opening short side is deformed at the time of processing as well as improve the workability of the opening or to the same extent as L 3, or the if the thickness L 3 and is preferably different to the thickness L 4 to 0.85 (the and the thickness L 1 1). If the thickness L 4 is less than 0.85, the wall thickness becomes thin, so that cracks are likely to occur on the short side surface of the opening during processing, and airtightness may be reduced. On the other hand, if the thickness L 4 exceeds 1, the workability of the surface on the short side of the opening may be lowered. Therefore, when the upper end of the opening is bent inward in the battery manufacturing process. In addition, an excessive pressing force may be applied to the container to cause deformation such as distortion or dent.
[0011]
The container preferably has a Vickers hardness of the opening lower than that of the side surface of the container excluding the opening. Such a container can improve the workability of the opening, and can improve the strength of the container portion located below the opening. More preferably, the container has a Vickers hardness of 80Hv to 120Hv at the opening and a Vickers hardness of 140Hv to 180Hv at the side surface of the container excluding the opening.
[0012]
Examples of the material for forming the container include nickel-plated iron, nickel-plated ultra-low carbon steel cold-rolled steel, stainless steel, and the like.
[0013]
[Action]
According to the prismatic battery of the present invention, the container side portions except for the opening, that is, the thickness of the barrel portion side face and L 1, the thickness of a portion located in the long side center of the opening and L 2, and A container having a structure satisfying L 2 > L 1 ≧ L 3 when the thickness of a portion of the opening located at the corner is L 3 is provided. Such a container can improve the strength of the portion located in the center of the long side of the opening without deteriorating the workability of the opening while maintaining the strength of the body portion high. Since the opening of the container has excellent workability, the upper end of the opening can be bent sufficiently and easily in the manufacturing process of the rectangular battery, and the insulating gasket is sufficiently formed by the formed bent portion. Can be compressed. As a result, the sealing member with an explosion-proof function can be caulked and fixed to the container with good airtightness by the repulsive elastic force of the insulating gasket. Further, the upper end of the opening can be bent inward without applying excessive pressing force to the container. Since the strength of the central portion is higher than the corner portion on the long side surface of the opening, the long side surface is difficult to bend, and the rectangular battery is sealed with good airtightness as described above. Therefore, for example, when gas is generated due to overuse or misuse during discharge, it is possible to prevent the surface on the long side from bending outward. As a result, the compressibility of the insulating gasket can be maintained at a high value even after gas generation, so that the airtightness of the battery can be improved. For this reason, it becomes possible to improve the reliability of the battery.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the prismatic battery according to the present invention includes a container 1 that also serves as a unipolar (eg, negative electrode) terminal. The container 1 is made of, for example, iron plated with nickel. The container 1 has a bottomed rectangular tube shape as shown in FIG. As for the dimensions of the rectangular tube portion, for example, the width on the long side is 16.4 mm, the width on the short side is 5.5 mm, and the height is 46.6 mm. The container 1 has a rectangular frame-shaped opening 2 at the top. The opening 2 has a shape in which the side surface on the long side is curved outward as shown in FIG. The thickness of the opening 2 is, for example, a thickness (L 2 ) at the center of the long side is 0.43 mm, and a thickness (L 3 ) at the corner is 0.4 mm, which is even shorter. The thickness (L 4 ) of the side surface is 0.4 mm. The thickness (L 1 ) of the container side surface excluding the opening 2, that is, the body side surface is, for example, 0.4 mm. Therefore, the container has a structure satisfying L 2 > L 1 ≧ L 3 . Further, when the thickness L 1 of the body portion is 1, the thickness L 2 is 1.075, the thickness L 3 is 1.00, and the thickness L 4 is 1.00. The Vickers hardness of the opening 2 of the container 1 is, for example, 100 Hv, and the Vickers hardness of the side surface of the trunk is, for example, 160 Hv. The upper end of the opening 2 of the container 1 is bent inward to form a bent portion 3. Below the opening 2 of the container 1, for example, a step 4 having a shape protruding inward by 0.2 mm is formed. The electrode group 5 is formed by alternately superposing one electrode (for example, a negative electrode) 6 and the other electrode (for example, a positive electrode) 8 wrapped with a separator 7. The electrode group 5 is housed in the container 1 so that the inner peripheral surface of the container 1 and the negative electrode 6 are in contact with each other. The electrolytic solution is accommodated in the container 1. The insulating gasket 9 made of synthetic resin has a bottomed rectangular tube shape in which a rectangular hole 9a is opened at the bottom. The insulating gasket 9 is disposed in a target compressed state at a position surrounded by the bent portion 3 and the step portion 4 in the container 1. A sealing member 10 serving both as an explosion-proof function and the other electrode (for example, positive electrode) is disposed in the insulating gasket 9 and is firmly caulked and fixed by a repulsive elastic force of the insulating gasket 9. The sealing member 10 includes a rectangular sealing plate 12 having a gas vent hole 11 in the center, an elastic valve body 13 made of, for example, synthetic rubber, and a hat-shaped terminal cap 14 having a gas passage hole (not shown). It is configured. The elastic valve body 13 is placed on the sealing plate 12 so as to cover the gas vent hole 11. The terminal cap 14 is disposed so as to surround the elastic valve body 13 and is fixed to the sealing plate 12 by welding. The other electrode (for example, positive electrode) lead 15 has one end connected to the positive electrode 8 and the other end connected to the lower surface of the sealing plate 12.
[0015]
In addition, when gas is generated in the rectangular battery and a gas pressure of a desired value is applied to the elastic valve body 13 through the gas vent hole 11 of the sealing plate 12, the valve body 13 is deformed and lifted. A gap is formed between the sealing plate 12 and the valve body 13. As a result, the gas escapes to the outside through the gap and the gas passage hole of the terminal cap 14, so that the burst is prevented.
[0016]
According to the prismatic battery having such a configuration, the container 1 having a structure satisfying the above-described formula L 2 > L 1 ≧ L 3 is provided. Such a container 1 can improve the intensity | strength of the location located in the long side center of the said opening part 2 without impairing the workability of the said opening part 2. FIG. Since the processability of the opening 2 of the container 1 is high, the bent portion 3 having a desired shape can be formed at the upper end of the opening 2, so that the insulating gasket 9 is sufficiently provided by the bent portion 3. Can be compressed. As a result, the sealing member 10 can be caulked and fixed to the container 1 with good airtightness by the repulsive elastic force of the insulating gasket 9. Further, since the upper end of the opening 2 can be bent inward without applying an excessive pressing force to the container 1, deformation such as a dent or distortion occurs in the body of the container 1 during caulking and fixing. Can be prevented. On the long side surface of the opening 2, the strength of the central portion is higher than that of the corner portion, so that the long side surface of the opening 2 is difficult to bend and the prismatic battery is airtight as described above. Since the sealing is performed well, for example, when gas is generated due to overuse or misuse during discharge, it is possible to prevent the long side surface from being bent outward by the gas pressure. As a result, the compressibility of the insulating gasket can be maintained at a high value even after gas generation, so that the airtightness of the battery can be improved. For this reason, it becomes possible to improve the reliability of the battery.
[0017]
The excellent characteristics of the prismatic battery according to the present invention were confirmed by the following experiment.
Comparative Example 1
A rectangular battery having the same configuration as in Example 1 was manufactured except that the container shown below was used.
[0018]
That is, the container is a rectangular tube with a bottom, and has a rectangular frame-shaped opening at the top. All the side portions of the container have a thickness of 0.4 mm. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of the opening part of the said container is 100 Hv, and the Vickers hardness of the container side part located below the said opening part is 160 Hv.
Reference example 1
A rectangular battery having the same configuration as in Example 1 was manufactured except that the container shown below was used.
[0019]
That is, the container is a rectangular tube with a bottom, and has a rectangular frame-shaped opening at the top. The thicknesses of all the openings of the container are 0.43 mm, and the thickness of the side surface portion of the container located below the opening is 0.4 mm. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of the opening part of the said container is 100 Hv, and the Vickers hardness of the container side part located below the said opening part is 160 Hv.
[0020]
A hole is formed in the lower side surface of the container of the rectangular battery of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Reference Example 1, gas is fed into the container from this hole, the inner surface on the long side of the opening, and the long side of the insulating gasket The pressure in the container was measured when a gap was formed between the side wall and the gas leaked from the gap. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003654947
[0022]
As is clear from Table 1, the prismatic battery of Example 1 provided with a container having a structure satisfying the above formula is formed with a bent portion having a desired shape at the upper end of the opening, and the container is not deformed. It can be seen that the gas leak pressure is as high as 13 to 16 kgf / cm 2 and the sealing pressure resistance is high. On the other hand, in the prismatic battery of Comparative Example 1 provided with the containers having the same thickness of the side portions, the surface on the long side of the container that is weakest against the swelling is the inside of the battery, although the container did not deform. It can be seen that the gas leak pressure is as low as 9 to 12 kgf / cm 2 as the pressure increases. In addition, the prismatic battery of Reference Example 1 provided with a container whose entire opening is thicker than the side surface of the trunk has a shallow degree of bending at the upper end of the opening of the container, is deformed at the bottom of the container, and gas leak pressure It turns out that it is as low as 8-10 kgf / cm < 2 >.
[0023]
In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the side surface on the long side of the opening is curved outward as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. You may use the container which has the opening part 2 which has the shape where the edge center vicinity protruded outside.
[0024]
In the above embodiment, the above-mentioned elastic valve body shown in FIG. 1 is used as a safety valve, and a return type that seals the gas vent hole of the sealing plate again after the valve is actuated is used. A non-returning type valve made of a valve membrane (for example, formed of a flexible thin film) interposed so as to cover the gas vent hole of the sealing plate can be used. In a battery equipped with the non-returnable safety valve, the gas in the battery applies pressure to the valve membrane through the vent hole of the sealing plate and breaks it. Therefore, the gas escapes to the outside from the breakage point of the valve membrane and the vent hole of the terminal cap, and the battery is prevented from being ruptured.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the prismatic battery of the present invention, the sealing member can be caulked and fixed with good airtightness, and the container can be prevented from being deformed during caulking, for example, overcharging. When the gas is generated in the battery due to misuse or the like, the long side surface of the opening can be prevented from bending outward, and the compression rate of the insulating gasket decreases when the gas is generated. Can be prevented, and the airtightness of the battery can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing a prismatic battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the container of FIG.
3 is a top view of the container of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a top view showing a container used for another prismatic battery according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Container, 2 ... Opening part, 3 ... Bending part, 4 ... Step part, 5 ... Electrode group, 9 ... Insulating gasket, 10 ... Sealing member which serves as an explosion-proof function and a terminal, 12 ... Sealing board.

Claims (2)

上部に矩形枠状の開口部と前記開口部の下方に形成された内方に突出した形状の段部とを有する有底矩形筒状の容器と、前記容器内に収納され、正極と負極との間にセパレータを介して作製された電極群と、前記容器内に収容された電解液と、前記容器内の段部に載置されて前記開口部の上端を内方に折り曲げることにより前記段部と折曲部とにより囲まれた空間に圧縮状態で配置された底部に穴を有する有底矩形筒状の絶縁ガスケットと、前記絶縁ガスケット内に配置され、前記ガスケットの圧縮下においてかしめ固定される防爆機能を持つ封口部材とを具備した角形電池において、
前記容器は、前記開口部を除く容器側面部分の厚さをL1とし、前記開口部のうち長辺中央に位置する箇所の厚さをL2とし、かつ前記開口部のうちコーナに位置する箇所の厚さをL3とした時にL2>L1≧L3を満たす構造を有し、
前記厚さL 1 を1とした際に前記厚さL 2 を1.05〜1.1とし、かつ前記厚さL 3 を0.85〜1とすることを特徴とする角形電池。
A rectangular tube-shaped container having a rectangular frame-shaped opening at the top and a stepped portion formed inwardly and formed below the opening; and housed in the container; a positive electrode and a negative electrode; An electrode group produced via a separator, an electrolytic solution accommodated in the container, and placed on the step in the container, and the upper end of the opening is bent inward to form the step. A bottomed rectangular cylindrical insulating gasket having a hole in the bottom portion disposed in a compressed state in a space surrounded by a bent portion and a bent portion, and disposed in the insulating gasket and fixed by caulking under compression of the gasket. In a rectangular battery comprising a sealing member having an explosion-proof function,
Said container, the thickness of the container side portion except the opening and L 1, the thickness of a portion located in the long side center of the opening and L 2, and located in a corner of the opening have a structure that satisfies L 2> L 1 ≧ L 3 when the thickness of the portion was L 3,
When the thickness L 1 is set to 1, the thickness L 2 is set to 1.05 to 1.1, and the thickness L 3 is set to 0.85 to 1 .
前記開口部のビッカース硬度は80Hv〜120Hvで、かつ前記容器側面部分のビッカース硬度は140Hv〜180Hvであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の角形電池。The square battery according to claim 1, wherein the Vickers hardness of the opening is 80Hv to 120Hv, and the Vickers hardness of the container side surface portion is 140Hv to 180Hv.
JP04971295A 1995-03-09 1995-03-09 Square battery Expired - Fee Related JP3654947B2 (en)

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