JP3653779B2 - Process for producing 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene - Google Patents

Process for producing 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3653779B2
JP3653779B2 JP07391495A JP7391495A JP3653779B2 JP 3653779 B2 JP3653779 B2 JP 3653779B2 JP 07391495 A JP07391495 A JP 07391495A JP 7391495 A JP7391495 A JP 7391495A JP 3653779 B2 JP3653779 B2 JP 3653779B2
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Prior art keywords
dinitrobenzene
trichloro
acid
sulfur trioxide
tcdnb
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JP07391495A
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JPH08268973A (en
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秀雄 鈴木
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Nissan Chemical Corp
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Nissan Chemical Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C201/00Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C201/06Preparation of nitro compounds
    • C07C201/08Preparation of nitro compounds by substitution of hydrogen atoms by nitro groups

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼン(以下TCDNBと略記する)の製造法に関する。
更に詳しくは、1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼン(以下CDNBと略記する)を三酸化硫黄又は三酸化硫黄を含有する酸の存在下で、塩素化イソシアヌール酸によって塩素化し目的とするTCDNBを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
TCDNBは、加水分解後還元して得られる4,6−ジアミノレゾルシンが、種々の優れた特徴を持つポリベンズビスオキサゾール(PBO)のモノマーとなるところから、その原料として重要である。
PBOは、強度、弾性率、耐熱性、耐薬品性等の諸点に於て、従来のスーパー繊維より優れて居り、超スーパー繊維として開発が待望されている(特公昭61−501452号公報)。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
これまで、TCDNBは、次式で表される1,2,3−トリクロルベンゼン(以下TCBと略記する)を、混酸でニトロ化する方法が知られている(特表平2−500743号公報)。
【0004】
【化1】

Figure 0003653779
【0005】
しかし、この方法では、原料TCBを1,2,4−トリクロルベンゼンを異性化して得るが、収率が低い上に、精製に手間がかかり高価な原料となる問題点を抱えていた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者は、工業的に安価な原料からTCDNBを効率良く得る方法を鋭意検討した。その結果、1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼン(CDNB)を、トリクロルイソシアヌール酸等の塩素化イソシアヌール酸による塩素化を、三酸化硫黄を触媒及び溶媒として用いると、収率良く目的とするTCDNBが得られることを見出し本発明を完成させた。
【0007】
【化2】
Figure 0003653779
【0008】
原料のCDNBは、安価なクロルベンゼンをニトロ化し高収率で容易に得られるので極めて安価な資材となっている。しかし、CDNBの反応性は低く、一挙に二つの塩素原子を導入することは、通常の塩素化方法では困難であった。本発明の目的は1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼン(TCDNB)の工業的な製造法の提供にある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼンを、三酸化硫黄又は三酸化硫黄を含有する酸の存在下で、塩素化イソシアヌール酸によって塩素化することを特徴とする1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼンの製造法に関する。
【0010】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。原料の1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼン(CDNB)は、通常の市販品をそのまま使用することができる。
本発明で使用する塩素化剤として用いる塩素化イシシアヌール酸としては、トリクロルイソシアヌール酸、ジクロルイソシアヌール酸ナトリウム、ジクロルイソシアヌール酸ナトリウムの2水和物及びジクロルイソシアヌール酸カリウムの中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物が塩素化剤として挙げられる。その使用量は、原料のCDNBに対して0.5モル当量から10モル当量が良く、特には1モル当量から7モル当量が好ましい。
【0011】
本発明は、触媒及び溶媒として三酸化硫黄を存在させることが特徴であるが、その形態は、三酸化硫黄そのもの又は、発煙硫酸が使用できる。その使用量は、原料のCDNBに対して1重量倍から100重量倍が好ましく、特には3重量倍から50重量倍が好ましい。ここで、三酸化硫黄濃度が高い程目的のTCDNBの選択率が高くなることから、三酸化硫黄がTCDNBの異性体生成を何らかの形で抑制しているものと推定される。
【0012】
溶媒として、三酸化硫黄以外に反応に関与しない有機溶媒、例えば1,2−ジクロロエタン(EDC)及び1,1,2,2−テトラクロロエタン等に代表される脂肪族ハロゲン化炭化水素等が使用できる。この使用量は、原料のCDNBに対して1重量倍から20重量倍が好ましい。
更に、反応を推進する添加物として、ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)スルホコハク酸ナトリウムに代表される界面活性剤、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロライドに代表される四級アンモニウム塩及び塩化鉄に代表されるルイス酸等を加えることもできる。これらの添加量は、原料のCDNBに対して、0.1モル%から10モル%程度が好ましい。
【0013】
反応温度は、室温程度では反応せず、50℃〜200℃が好ましく、特には60〜150℃が良い。反応時間は、他の反応条件によって決まってくるが、通常2〜20時間程度で行うことが好ましく、ガスクロマトグラフィー又は液体クロマトグラフィー等により反応液を分析し決定する。
反応原料の仕込み方は、種々の方法が可能であるが、三酸化硫黄又は発煙硫酸中に原料CDNB及び塩素化剤を添加する。反応は常圧及び加圧共可能であり、また回分あるいは連続でも行うことが可能である。
【0014】
反応終了後、冷却すると生成物は固化し、ろ過により三酸化硫黄又は発煙硫酸と分離することが出来るが、脂肪族ハロゲン化炭化水素等の溶媒で抽出分離することもできる。得られた混合生成物から再結晶によって目的とするTCDNBが得られる。
以下、実施例をもって本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、これらによって本願発明は何ら限定されるものではない。
【0015】
【実施例】
実施例1
1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼン(CDNB)2.0g(10ミリモル)、トリクロルイソシアヌール酸(日産化学工業社製 商品名 ハイライト90)7.0g(30ミリモル)及び60%発煙硫酸30gを反応フラスコに仕込み、80℃で2時間攪拌した後、更に110℃で7時間攪拌した。
【0016】
反応終了後、反応液を室温に戻してから1,2−ジクロロエタン(EDC)で生成物を抽出した。さらに、水洗、濃縮すると粗結晶2.7gが得られた。
この粗結晶にヘプタンを加え、加熱した後、不溶分を除去し、得られたろ液を冷却すると結晶が析出した。この結晶をろ取、乾燥すると液体クロマトグラフィーで単一ピークの淡黄色結晶1.4gが得られた。
【0017】
この結晶は、MASS、 1H−NMRから目的とする1,2,3−トリクロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼン(TCDNB)であることを確認した。上記、粗結晶のTCDNB純度を定量した結果、TCDNBの収率は74%であった。
【0018】
実施例2〜8及び比較例1,2
実施例1に於いて、トリクロル塩素化イソシアヌール酸(TCCA)、発煙硫酸、温度及び反応時間を変えた他は、実施例1と同様に反応を行った。反応終了後、室温に戻してから、EDC抽出し、TCDNBを定量した結果を次表に示す。尚、比較例2はTCCAに変えて塩素ガスを塩素化剤として使用した。
【0019】
【表1】
Figure 0003653779
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼンを、三酸化硫黄又は三酸化硫黄を含有する酸の存在下で、塩素化イソシアヌール酸によって塩素化することで、1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼンを、収率良く得ることが出来る。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene (hereinafter abbreviated as TCDNB).
More specifically, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (hereinafter abbreviated as CDNB) is chlorinated with chlorinated isocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfur trioxide or an acid containing sulfur trioxide for the purpose of TCDNB. It relates to a method of manufacturing.
[0002]
TCDNB is important as a raw material because 4,6-diaminoresorcin obtained by reduction after hydrolysis becomes a monomer of polybenzbisoxazole (PBO) having various excellent characteristics.
PBO is superior to the conventional super fiber in terms of strength, elastic modulus, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and the like, and development as a super super fiber is awaited (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 61-501452).
[0003]
[Prior art]
To date, TCDNB has been known to nitrate 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (hereinafter abbreviated as TCB) represented by the following formula with a mixed acid (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-500743). .
[0004]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003653779
[0005]
However, in this method, the raw material TCB is obtained by isomerizing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, but the yield is low, and there is a problem that purification takes time and becomes an expensive raw material.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The inventor has intensively studied a method for efficiently obtaining TCDNB from industrially inexpensive raw materials. As a result, when chlorination of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) with chlorinated isocyanuric acid such as trichloroisocyanuric acid is used as a catalyst and a solvent, the objective is high. The present invention was completed by finding that TCDNB was obtained.
[0007]
[Chemical formula 2]
Figure 0003653779
[0008]
Since the raw material CDNB is obtained by nitrating inexpensive chlorobenzene and easily obtained in a high yield, it is an extremely inexpensive material. However, the reactivity of CDNB is low, and it was difficult to introduce two chlorine atoms at a time by a normal chlorination method. An object of the present invention is to provide an industrial production method of 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene (TCDNB).
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is characterized by chlorinating 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with chlorinated isocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfur trioxide or an acid containing sulfur trioxide. The present invention relates to a method for producing 2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene.
[0010]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. As the raw material 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a normal commercial product can be used as it is.
The chlorinated isocyanuric acid used as the chlorinating agent used in the present invention includes trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate and potassium dichloroisocyanurate. At least one selected compound may be mentioned as a chlorinating agent. The amount used is preferably from 0.5 to 10 molar equivalents, particularly preferably from 1 to 7 molar equivalents, based on the starting CDNB.
[0011]
The present invention is characterized by the presence of sulfur trioxide as a catalyst and a solvent, but the form of sulfur trioxide itself or fuming sulfuric acid can be used. The amount used is preferably from 1 to 100 times by weight, particularly preferably from 3 to 50 times by weight, relative to the raw material CDNB. Here, since the selectivity of the target TCDNB increases as the sulfur trioxide concentration increases, it is presumed that sulfur trioxide suppresses TCDNB isomer formation in some form.
[0012]
As the solvent, an organic solvent that does not participate in the reaction other than sulfur trioxide, for example, an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon represented by 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and the like can be used. . The amount used is preferably 1 to 20 times the weight of the starting CDNB.
Furthermore, as an additive for promoting the reaction, a surfactant represented by sodium di (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, a quaternary ammonium salt represented by tetrabutylammonium chloride, a Lewis acid represented by iron chloride, and the like. It can also be added. These addition amounts are preferably about 0.1 mol% to 10 mol% with respect to the raw material CDNB.
[0013]
The reaction temperature does not react at about room temperature and is preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C, particularly 60 to 150 ° C. The reaction time is determined depending on other reaction conditions, but it is usually preferably about 2 to 20 hours. The reaction time is determined by analyzing the reaction solution by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography.
Various methods can be used for charging the reaction raw material, and the raw material CDNB and the chlorinating agent are added to sulfur trioxide or fuming sulfuric acid. The reaction can be carried out at normal pressure or under pressure, and can be carried out batchwise or continuously.
[0014]
After cooling, the product solidifies upon cooling and can be separated from sulfur trioxide or fuming sulfuric acid by filtration, but can also be extracted and separated with a solvent such as an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon. The desired TCDNB is obtained by recrystallization from the obtained mixed product.
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited at all by these.
[0015]
【Example】
Example 1
2.0 g (10 mmol) of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 7.0 g (30 mmol) of trichloroisocyanuric acid (trade name Highlight 90, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 30 g of 60% fuming sulfuric acid Was stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours, and further stirred at 110 ° C. for 7 hours.
[0016]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was returned to room temperature, and the product was extracted with 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC). Further, washing with water and concentration gave 2.7 g of crude crystals.
After adding heptane to this crude crystal and heating, the insoluble matter was removed, and the obtained filtrate was cooled to precipitate a crystal. The crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain 1.4 g of light yellow crystals having a single peak by liquid chromatography.
[0017]
This crystal was confirmed to be the target 1,2,3-trichloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (TCDNB) from MASS and 1 H-NMR. As a result of quantifying the TCDNB purity of the crude crystals, the yield of TCDNB was 74%.
[0018]
Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
In Example 1, the reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that trichlorochlorinated isocyanuric acid (TCCA), fuming sulfuric acid, temperature and reaction time were changed. The following table shows the results of EDC extraction and quantification of TCDNB after returning to room temperature after completion of the reaction. In Comparative Example 2, chlorine gas was used as a chlorinating agent instead of TCCA.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003653779
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is chlorinated with chlorinated isocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfur trioxide or an acid containing sulfur trioxide, whereby 1,2, 3-Trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene can be obtained with good yield.

Claims (3)

1−クロル−2,4−ジニトロベンゼンを、三酸化硫黄又は三酸化硫黄を含有する酸の存在下で、塩素化イソシアヌール酸によって塩素化することを特徴とする1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼンの製造法。1,2,3-trichloro-, characterized by chlorinating 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with chlorinated isocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfur trioxide or an acid containing sulfur trioxide A method for producing 4,6-dinitrobenzene. 三酸化硫黄を含有する酸が発煙硫酸である請求項1記載の1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼンの製造法。The process for producing 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene according to claim 1, wherein the acid containing sulfur trioxide is fuming sulfuric acid. 塩素化イソシアヌール酸が、トリクロルイソシアヌール酸、ジクロルイソシアヌール酸ナトリウム、ジクロルイソシアヌール酸ナトリウムの2水和物及びジクロルイソシアヌール酸カリウムの中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項1又は請求項2記載の1,2,3−トリクロル−4,6−ジニトロベンゼンの製造法。The chlorinated isocyanuric acid is at least one compound selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, dihydrate of sodium dichloroisocyanurate and potassium dichloroisocyanurate. A process for producing 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene according to claim 1 or 2.
JP07391495A 1995-03-30 1995-03-30 Process for producing 1,2,3-trichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene Expired - Fee Related JP3653779B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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