JP3625709B2

JP3625709B2 - Heat pump water heater

Info

Publication number: JP3625709B2
Application number: JP27020699A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 洋向山; 美暁黒澤; 修桑原
Original assignee: Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date: 1999-09-24
Filing date: 1999-09-24
Publication date: 2005-03-02
Anticipated expiration: 2019-09-24
Also published as: JP2001091096A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、外熱源の熱を吸上げながら給湯水を加熱することができるようにしたヒートポンプ給湯機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、風呂の残湯等を外熱源として、この外熱源の熱を吸上げて（回収して）給湯水の加熱に用いる給湯機が提案されている（特開平１１−１１８２４６号公報、特開平５−２６５１２号公報、特開平１０−３１８６０４号公報）。
【０００３】
図３は、特開平１０−３１８６０４号公報に開示されている給湯機の構成図であり、当該給湯機はヒートポンプ回路１１０、給湯回路１２０、風呂回路１３０を主要構成としている。
【０００４】
ヒートポンプ回路１１０は、圧縮機１１１、冷媒給湯熱交換器１１２、減圧装置１１３、蒸発器１１４が順次環状に接続されて、冷媒が実線矢印の方向に循環する。
【０００５】
また、給湯回路１２０は、給湯タンク１２１、給湯ポンプ１２２、風呂熱交換器１２３、水給湯熱交換器１２４が順次環状に接続されて、給湯水が点線矢印の方向に循環する。
【０００６】
さらに、風呂回路１３０は、浴槽１３１、風呂ポンプ１３２、風呂熱回収熱交換器１３３が順次環状に接続されて、風呂の湯が一点鎖線矢印の方向に循環する。
【０００７】
そして、風呂の湯は風呂熱回収熱交換器１３３を循環した際に、この風呂熱回収熱交換器１３３と一体に設けられた風呂熱交換器１２３を循環する給湯水と熱交換し、これにより給湯水を加熱する。
【０００８】
このように風呂の湯で加熱された給湯水は、水給湯熱交換器１２４に循環し、当該水給湯熱交換器１２４で冷媒給湯熱交換器１１２を循環する冷媒と熱交換し、当該冷媒により加熱されて湯となって給湯タンク１２１に貯留される。
【０００９】
冷媒給湯熱交換器１１２を循環する冷媒は、圧縮機１１１で圧縮されて高温高圧のホットガスとなった冷媒で、この冷媒が冷媒給湯熱交換器１１２で給湯水に熱を与えて凝縮し、減圧装置１１３で減圧される。その後、蒸発器１１４で蒸発して圧縮機１１１に戻る。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記公報にかかる構成では、冷媒の熱や風呂残湯の熱を給湯機に供給することができるものの、給湯水を加熱しながら風呂を追焚したり、また蒸発器１１４の除霜を行うことができない等の問題があった。
【００１１】
即ち、図３に示す構成では、風呂の湯は熱を汲上げられるだけで、追焚ができない問題がある。
【００１２】
また、冷媒は蒸発器１１４で蒸発するので冷却され、これにより大気中の水分か結露し着氷する場合がある。このように蒸発器１１４に氷が付着すると、当該氷が断熱材の作用をなし冷媒と大気との熱交換効率を低下させてしまう問題がある。
【００１３】
このような着霜に対しては、例えば冷媒の循環方向を逆にして、圧縮機１１１からのホットガスを蒸発器１１４に循環させて氷を溶かす等の対応（以下、除霜運転という）が可能である。
【００１４】
しかし、かかる除霜運転中はヒートポンプ回路１１０は冷凍回路として作用するので、冷媒給湯熱交換器１１２が蒸発器として作用し、これにより給湯水から熱が奪われるようになってしまう問題がある。
【００１５】
そこで、本発明は、給湯水の熱を奪うことなく風呂の追焚や除霜運転ができるようにしたヒートポンプ給湯機を提供することを目的とする。
【００１６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、請求項１にかかる発明は、外熱源から熱を汲上げて給湯水を加熱するヒートポンプ回路を備えた給湯機において、ヒートポンプ回路が、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、冷媒と給湯水とを熱交換させる給湯側熱交換器と、冷媒と外熱源とを熱交換させる外熱源側熱交換器と、冷媒と大気とを熱交換させる大気側熱交換器と、冷媒を減圧する第１及び第２減圧器と、給湯水のみを加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第２減圧器、大気側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第１減圧器、外熱源側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また給湯水を加熱しながら外熱源に熱を与える場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、外熱源側熱交換器、第１減圧器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替える冷媒循環路切替器とを有して、給湯水の熱を奪うことなく風呂の追焚や除霜運転ができるようにすると共に、大気側熱交換器で蒸発した冷媒が、外熱源側熱交換器に循環して当該外熱源側熱交換器内の水を凍結させるのを防止すべく、第１減圧器が全閉状態になると、これに連動して全開する電磁弁を設けたことを特徴とする。
【００１７】
請求項２にかかる発明は、上記請求項１にかかる発明に加えて、給湯水のみを加熱する運転中に大気側熱交換器が着霜すると、所定時間だけ外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する運転モードに切替えて除霜するようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１８】
請求項３にかかる発明は、上記請求項１又は２にかかる発明に加えて、外熱源が風呂の湯であって、給湯水のみを加熱する場合及び外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する場合は、当該風呂の残湯の熱を汲上げて給湯水の加熱に利用し、また給湯水を加熱しながら外熱源に熱を与える場合は、風呂の湯の追焚に利用することを特徴とする。
【００１９】
請求項４にかかる発明は、外熱源から熱を汲上げて給湯水を加熱するヒートポンプ回路を備えた給湯機において、ヒートポンプ回路が、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、冷媒と給湯水とを熱交換させる給湯側熱交換器と、冷媒と外熱源とを熱交換させる外熱源側熱交換器と、冷媒と大気とを熱交換させる大気側熱交換器と、冷媒を減圧する第１及び第２減圧器と、給湯水のみを加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第２減圧器、大気側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第１減圧器、外熱源側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また給湯水を加熱しながら外熱源に熱を与える場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、外熱源側熱交換器、第１減圧器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替える冷媒循環路切替器とを有して、給湯水の熱を奪うことなく風呂の追焚や除霜運転ができるようにすると共に、外熱源が風呂の湯であって、給湯水のみを加熱する場合及び外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する場合は、当該風呂の残湯の熱を汲上げて給湯水の加熱に利用し、また給湯水を加熱しながら外熱源に熱を与える場合は、風呂の湯の追焚に利用することを特徴とする。
【００２０】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を図を参照して説明する。図１は本発明にかかるヒートポンプ給湯機の構成図で、ヒートポンプ回路１０、給湯回路２０、風呂回路３０を主要構成としている。
【００２１】
なお、本実施の形態では、外熱源として風呂の湯を想定して説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、種々の熱源が適用可能であることを付言しておく。この場合、風呂の湯等を外熱源と読替えればよい。
【００２２】
ヒートポンプ回路１０は、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機１１、該圧縮機１１により圧縮されてホットガスとなった冷媒と給湯水とを熱交換させて当該給湯水を加熱する給湯側熱交換器１２、冷媒を減圧する膨張弁等からなる第１及び第２減圧器１３，１４、冷媒と大気とを熱交換させる大気側熱交換器１５、冷媒と風呂の湯とを熱交換させる風呂側熱交換器１６、冷媒の循環路を切替える四方弁等の冷媒循環路切替器１７を有している。
【００２３】
なお、番号１５ａは大気を大気側熱交換器１５に送風するファンであり、番号１９（１９ａ，１９ｂ）は逆止弁である。
【００２４】
給湯回路２０は、湯を貯留する給湯タンク２１、該給湯タンク２１の給湯水を給湯側熱交換器１２を介して循環させる給湯側ポンプ２２、給湯タンク２１に循環する水の量を調整する流量調整器２３等を有している。
【００２５】
風呂回路３０は、風呂３２の湯を風呂側熱交換器１６を介して循環させる風呂側ポンプ３１等を有している。
【００２６】
次に、上記構成のヒートポンプ給湯機の動作を図２に示す運転モード表を参照して説明する。
【００２７】
運転モードとしては、給湯水の加熱のみを行うモード（給湯水加熱モード）、風呂３２の湯の熱を吸上げながら給湯水の加熱を行うモード（熱回収モード）、風呂の追焚のみ又は給湯水の加熱を行いながら風呂の追焚をするモード（追焚モード）、給湯水の加熱を行いながら除霜するモード（除霜モード）に分けて説明する。
【００２８】
先ず、給湯水加熱モードでは、給湯側ポンプ２２及び風呂側ポンプ３１はそれぞれ動作状態及び停止状態にする。圧縮機１１及びファン１５ａは、それぞれ共に動作状態にし、冷媒循環路切替器１７は冷媒が実線矢印方向に流動するように切替える。また、第１減圧器１４、第２減圧器１３及び電磁弁１８は、それぞれ全閉、弁開度制御、開状態とする。
【００２９】
なお、電磁弁１８は、以下の理由により第１減圧器１４の全閉と連動して開くようになっている。
【００３０】
即ち、冷媒は大気側熱交換器１５で蒸発することにより温度が下がる。従って、このような冷媒を風呂側熱交換器１６に循環させると、この風呂側熱交換器１６内の風呂の水（循環していない）が結氷して、風呂側熱交換器１６を壊してしまう恐れがある。
【００３１】
そこで、第１減圧器１４を全閉して風呂側熱交換器１６に冷媒が循環しないようにすると共に、冷媒の循環パスを確保するために電磁弁１８を開くようにしている。
【００３２】
以上によりヒートポンプ回路１０で冷媒が、圧縮機１１、給湯側熱交換器１２、第２減圧器１３、大気側熱交換器１５、電磁弁１８を順次循環するようになる。
【００３３】
一方、給湯回路２０では給湯側ポンプ２２により給湯水が圧送されて循環するが、風呂回路３０では風呂側ポンプ３１が停止しているので湯は循環しない。
【００３４】
そして、圧縮機１１で圧縮されて高温高圧のホットガスとなった冷媒は、給湯側熱交換器１２で給湯水を加熱して熱を失い凝縮する。凝縮した冷媒は、第２減圧器１３により減圧されて大気側熱交換器１５で蒸発し、電磁弁１８を経て圧縮機１１に戻る。
【００３５】
このとき、大気側熱交換器１５が着霜する場合がある。このような場合は除霜モードが適宜運転される。除霜モードにおいては、給湯側熱交換器１２からの冷媒が第２減圧器１３で減圧されずに大気側熱交換器１５に供給されるようにする。
【００３６】
即ち、給湯水加熱モードに対して風呂側ポンプ３１の運転、ファン１５ａの停止、第１減圧器１４の過熱度制御、第２減圧器１３の全開及び電磁弁１８を閉じる。
【００３７】
給湯側熱交換器１２では冷媒は給湯水と熱交換して凝縮するが、当該凝縮した冷媒の温度は給湯水の温度より低くなることがないので、その熱で大気側熱交換器１５が暖められて除霜される。
【００３８】
これにより、給湯水を加熱しながら（給湯水の熱を奪うことなく）大気側熱交換器１５の除霜を行うことが可能になって効率的な給湯水加熱を行うことが出きるようになる。
【００３９】
なお、大気側熱交換器１５からの冷媒は、第１減圧器１４で減圧され、風呂側熱交換器１６で風呂の湯と熱交換して蒸発する。
【００４０】
一方、熱回収モードでは、給湯側ポンプ２２及び風呂側ポンプ３１は共に動作状態にし、圧縮機１１及びファン１５ａは、それぞれ動作状態及び停止状態にする。また、冷媒循環路切替器１７は冷媒が実線矢印方向に流動するようにする。さらに、第１減圧器１４を過熱度制御、第２減圧器１３を全開、電磁弁１８を閉じる。
【００４１】
これによりヒートポンプ回路１０で冷媒が、圧縮機１１、給湯側熱交換器１２、第２減圧器１３、大気側熱交換器１５、風呂側熱交換器１６を順次循環するようになる。
【００４２】
一方、給湯回路２０では、給湯側ポンプ２２が動作して、給湯タンク２１に給湯水が圧送されて循環し、風呂回路３０では、風呂側ポンプ３１が動作して、風呂３２の湯が風呂側熱交換器１６を介して循環するようになる。
【００４３】
そして、圧縮機１１で圧縮されて高温高圧のホットガスとなった冷媒は、給湯側熱交換器１２で給湯水を加熱して熱を失い凝縮する。凝縮した冷媒は、第２減圧器１３及び大気側熱交換器１５を通過して、風呂側熱交換器１６を流れて圧縮機１１に戻る。
【００４４】
風呂側熱交換器１６には風呂の湯が循環しているので、この湯により冷媒が加熱されて蒸発する。即ち冷媒の蒸発熱は風呂３２の湯から供給されることになり、当該風呂の湯の熱を汲上げることになる。
【００４５】
冷媒が風呂３２の湯の熱によって加熱される場合は、外気温度に比べて温度の高い熱源から熱を汲上げることになるので蒸発温度をさらに高めることができる。
【００４６】
従って、冷媒サイクルの圧縮比は外熱源で運転する場合よりも小さくなり、その分圧縮機１１に投入される動力が少なくてすみ、通常よりも高効率な運転が可能になる。
【００４７】
追焚モードでは、給湯側ポンプ２２を動作させ（停止させていても良い）、風呂側ポンプ３１を動作させる。また圧縮機１１、ファン１５ａは共に動作させ、冷媒循環路切替器１７は冷媒が点線方向に循環するように切替える。
【００４８】
さらに第１減圧器１４は過熱度制御にし、第２減圧器１３及び電磁弁１８は全閉状態とする。
【００４９】
そして、圧縮機１１で圧縮されて高温高圧のホットガスとなった冷媒は、給湯側熱交換器１２で給湯水を加熱して熱を失い凝縮する。凝縮した冷媒は、電磁弁１８が全閉状態にあるので、全て風呂側熱交換器１６に循環し、当該風呂側熱交換器１６で風呂３２の湯を加熱して（追焚して）、第１減圧器１４で減圧される。
【００５０】
第１減圧器１４で減圧された冷媒は、大気側熱交換器１５で大気と熱交換して蒸発し、第２減圧器１３を通過して圧縮機１１に戻る。
【００５１】
なお、この場合に給湯側ポンプ２２を停止させたり、流量調整器２３を絞る等して給湯水の加熱に用いられる熱を抑えると、より速く追焚が出きるようになる。
【００５２】
従って、風呂の湯の追焚を行う際にも給湯水の加熱を同時に行えるので（給湯水の熱が奪われることがない）、効率的な追焚が可能になる。
【００５３】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように請求項１にかかる発明によれば、ヒートポンプ回路を冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、冷媒と給湯水とを熱交換させる給湯側熱交換器と、冷媒と外熱源とを熱交換させる外熱源側熱交換器と、冷媒と大気とを熱交換させる大気側熱交換器と、冷媒を減圧する第１及び第２減圧器と、給湯水のみを加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第２減圧器、大気側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第１減圧器、外熱源側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また給湯水を加熱しながら外熱源に熱を与える場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、外熱源側熱交換器、第１減圧器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替える冷媒循環路切替器と、大気側熱交換器で蒸発した冷媒が、外熱源側熱交換器に循環して当該外熱源側熱交換器内の水を凍結させるのを防止すべく、第１減圧器が全閉状態になると、これに連動して全開する電磁弁とにより構成したので、外熱源から熱を吸上げて給湯水の加熱が行え、また給湯水の熱を奪うことなく外熱源に熱を与えたり、除霜運転ができるようになると共に、外熱源熱交換器の破損等の事故を未然に防止することが可能になる。
【００５４】
請求項２にかかる発明によれば、上記請求項１にかかる発明に加えて、給湯水のみを加熱する運転中に大気側熱交換器が着霜すると、所定時間だけ外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する運転モードに切替えるようにしたので、上記請求項１の効果に加えて、給湯水の熱を奪うことなく除霜運転ができるようになる。
【００５５】
請求項３にかかる発明によれば、上記請求項１又は２の外熱源を風呂の湯にしたので、上記請求項１又は２の効果に加えて、廃棄される風呂の残り湯から熱を回収して給湯水の加熱に利用することができるようになり、また給湯水の熱を奪うことなく風呂の湯の追焚ができるようになる。
【００５６】
請求項４にかかる発明によれば、ヒートポンプ回路が、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、冷媒と給湯水とを熱交換させる給湯側熱交換器と、冷媒と外熱源とを熱交換させる外熱源側熱交換器と、冷媒と大気とを熱交換させる大気側熱交換器と、冷媒を減圧する第１及び第２減圧器と、給湯水のみを加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第２減圧器、大気側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また外熱源から熱を汲上げながら給湯水を加熱する場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、第１減圧器、外熱源側熱交換器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替え、また給湯水を加熱しながら外熱源に熱を与える場合には、冷媒を圧縮機、給湯側熱交換器、外熱源側熱交換器、第１減圧器を順次循環するように冷媒循環路を切替える冷媒循環路切替器とを有すると共に、外熱源を風呂の湯にしたので、外熱源から熱を吸上げて給湯水の加熱が行え、また給湯水の熱を奪うことなく外熱源に熱を与えたり、除霜運転ができるようになると共に、廃棄される風呂の残り湯から熱を回収して給湯水の加熱に利用することができるようになり、また給湯水の熱を奪うことなく風呂の湯の追焚ができるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態の説明に適用されるヒートポンプ給湯機の回路図である。
【図２】運転モードを示す図である。
【図３】従来の技術の説明に適用されるヒートポンプ給湯機の回路図である。
【符号の説明】
１０ヒートポンプ回路
１１圧縮機
１２給湯側熱交換器
１３第２減圧器
１４第１減圧器
１５大気側熱交換器
１５ａファン
１６風呂側熱交換器
１７冷媒循環路切替器
１８電磁弁
２０給湯回路
２１給湯タンク
２２給湯側ポンプ
２３流量調整器
３０風呂回路
３１風呂側ポンプ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heat pump water heater capable of heating hot water while sucking up heat from an external heat source.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there has been proposed a water heater that uses the remaining hot water of a bath as an external heat source and sucks (recovers) the heat of the external heat source to be used for heating hot water (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-118246 and 11). No. 5-26512, JP-A-10-318604).
[0003]
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a water heater disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-318604. The water heater mainly includes a heat pump circuit 110, a hot water circuit 120, and a bath circuit 130.
[0004]
In the heat pump circuit 110, a compressor 111, a refrigerant hot water heat exchanger 112, a pressure reducing device 113, and an evaporator 114 are sequentially connected in an annular shape, and the refrigerant circulates in the direction of the solid arrow.
[0005]
In the hot water supply circuit 120, a hot water supply tank 121, a hot water supply pump 122, a bath heat exchanger 123, and a hot water supply heat exchanger 124 are sequentially connected in an annular shape, and hot water is circulated in the direction of the dotted arrow.
[0006]
Further, in the bath circuit 130, a bath 131, a bath pump 132, and a bath heat recovery heat exchanger 133 are sequentially connected in a ring shape, and bath water circulates in the direction of a one-dot chain line arrow.
[0007]
When the bath water circulates in the bath heat recovery heat exchanger 133, the bath water exchanges heat with hot water that circulates in the bath heat exchanger 123 provided integrally with the bath heat recovery heat exchanger 133. Heat the hot water supply.
[0008]
The hot water heated by the bath water is circulated to the water hot water heat exchanger 124, and the water hot water heat exchanger 124 exchanges heat with the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant hot water heat exchanger 112. The hot water is heated and stored in the hot water supply tank 121.
[0009]
The refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant hot water supply heat exchanger 112 is a refrigerant that has been compressed by the compressor 111 to become high-temperature and high-pressure hot gas, and this refrigerant gives heat to the hot water supply in the refrigerant hot water supply heat exchanger 112 and condenses. The pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing device 113. Then, it evaporates with the evaporator 114 and returns to the compressor 111.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the configuration according to the above publication, although the heat of the refrigerant and the heat of the bath remaining hot water can be supplied to the water heater, the bath is chased while the hot water is heated, and the evaporator 114 is defrosted. There were problems such as being unable to do so.
[0011]
That is, in the configuration shown in FIG. 3, there is a problem in that the hot water in the bath can only be pumped up and cannot be memorialized.
[0012]
In addition, since the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator 114, the refrigerant is cooled, which may cause moisture in the atmosphere to condense and cause icing. Thus, when ice adheres to the evaporator 114, there is a problem that the ice acts as a heat insulating material and reduces the heat exchange efficiency between the refrigerant and the atmosphere.
[0013]
For such frost formation, for example, the refrigerant circulation direction is reversed and hot gas from the compressor 111 is circulated to the evaporator 114 to melt ice (hereinafter referred to as defrosting operation). Is possible.
[0014]
However, since the heat pump circuit 110 acts as a refrigeration circuit during the defrosting operation, the refrigerant hot water heat exchanger 112 acts as an evaporator, which causes a problem that heat is taken away from the hot water.
[0015]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump water heater that can perform a bath retreat or a defrosting operation without taking away the heat of hot water.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a water heater provided with a heat pump circuit that pumps heat from an external heat source and heats hot water supply, wherein the heat pump circuit compresses the refrigerant, and the refrigerant Hot water supply side heat exchanger for exchanging heat with hot water, an external heat source side heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the external heat source, an air side heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere, and decompressing the refrigerant When heating only the first and second pressure reducers and the hot water supply, the refrigerant circulation path circulates the refrigerant sequentially through the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the second pressure reducer, and the atmosphere side heat exchanger. When the hot water is heated while pumping heat from the external heat source, the refrigerant is circulated through the compressor, the hot water side heat exchanger, the first decompressor, and the external heat source side heat exchanger in order. Switch the circulation path and heat the hot water supply to the external heat source In this case, the refrigerant has a compressor, a hot water supply side heat exchanger, an external heat source side heat exchanger, and a refrigerant circulation path switch for switching the refrigerant circulation path so as to circulate through the first decompressor in order. In addition, the refrigerant that has evaporated in the atmosphere side heat exchanger circulates in the external heat source side heat exchanger and can be recirculated to the external heat source side heat exchanger. In order to prevent the water from being frozen, an electromagnetic valve is provided that opens fully in conjunction with the first pressure reducer when it is fully closed .
[0017]
In the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the invention according to claim 1, when the atmosphere side heat exchanger is frosted during the operation of heating only the hot water, the hot water is supplied while pumping heat from the external heat source for a predetermined time. The defrosting is performed by switching to an operation mode in which water is heated .
[0018]
In the invention according to claim 3, in addition to the invention according to claim 1 or 2, in the case where the external heat source is bath water and only the hot water is heated, the hot water is pumped up from the external heat source. When heating, heat from the remaining hot water of the bath is used for heating hot water, and when heating the hot water and applying heat to the external heat source, use it for renewing bath water. It is characterized by.
[0019]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the water heater provided with a heat pump circuit that pumps heat from an external heat source and heats the hot water, the heat pump circuit exchanges heat between the compressor that compresses the refrigerant, and the refrigerant and the hot water. A hot water supply side heat exchanger to be exchanged, an external heat source side heat exchanger to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the external heat source, an atmosphere side heat exchanger to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere, and first and second pressure reductions to depressurize the refrigerant When only the water heater and hot water supply are heated, the refrigerant circulation path is switched so that the refrigerant is circulated through the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the second decompressor, and the atmosphere side heat exchanger in turn, and from the external heat source. When heating hot water while pumping up heat, change the refrigerant circulation path so that the refrigerant circulates through the compressor, hot water supply side heat exchanger, first decompressor, and external heat source side heat exchanger in turn. When applying heat to an external heat source while heating water, It has a hot water side heat exchanger, an external heat source side heat exchanger, and a refrigerant circulation path switch that switches the refrigerant circulation path so as to circulate through the first pressure reducer in order. In addition to enabling dredging and defrosting operation, if the external heat source is bath water and heating only hot water, or heating hot water while pumping heat from the external heat source, the rest of the bath The hot water is pumped up and used for heating hot water, and when the hot water is heated and the external heat source is heated, it is used for bathing hot water.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a heat pump water heater according to the present invention, and includes a heat pump circuit 10, a hot water supply circuit 20, and a bath circuit 30 as main components.
[0021]
In the present embodiment, description will be made assuming bath water as an external heat source. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it should be noted that various heat sources can be applied. In this case, bath water or the like may be read as an external heat source.
[0022]
The heat pump circuit 10 includes a compressor 11 that compresses refrigerant, a hot water supply side heat exchanger 12 that heats the hot water by heat exchange between the hot water and the refrigerant that has been compressed by the compressor 11 into hot gas, First and second decompressors 13 and 14 composed of expansion valves or the like for reducing pressure, an air-side heat exchanger 15 for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere, and a bath-side heat exchanger 16 for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and bath water. The refrigerant circulation path switch 17 such as a four-way valve for switching the refrigerant circulation path is provided.
[0023]
In addition, the number 15a is a fan which blows air | atmosphere to the atmosphere side heat exchanger 15, and the number 19 (19a, 19b) is a check valve.
[0024]
The hot water supply circuit 20 includes a hot water supply tank 21 that stores hot water, a hot water supply side pump 22 that circulates hot water in the hot water supply tank 21 via the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, and a flow rate that adjusts the amount of water circulating in the hot water supply tank 21. It has a regulator 23 and the like.
[0025]
The bath circuit 30 includes a bath-side pump 31 that circulates the hot water of the bath 32 through the bath-side heat exchanger 16.
[0026]
Next, the operation of the heat pump water heater configured as described above will be described with reference to an operation mode table shown in FIG.
[0027]
The operation mode includes a mode in which only the hot water is heated (hot water heating mode), a mode in which the hot water is heated while sucking the heat of the hot water in the bath 32 (heat recovery mode), a bath rebirth only or a hot water supply A description will be given separately for a mode in which the bath is remedied while heating water (a remedy mode) and a mode in which defrosting is performed while the hot water is being heated (defrost mode).
[0028]
First, in the hot water supply heating mode, the hot water supply side pump 22 and the bath side pump 31 are set to an operating state and a stopped state, respectively. The compressor 11 and the fan 15a are both in an operating state, and the refrigerant circulation path switch 17 is switched so that the refrigerant flows in the direction of the solid arrow. The first pressure reducer 14, the second pressure reducer 13, and the electromagnetic valve 18 are fully closed, valve opening control, and open, respectively.
[0029]
The solenoid valve 18 is opened in conjunction with the fully closed first pressure reducer 14 for the following reason.
[0030]
That is, the temperature of the refrigerant decreases as it evaporates in the atmosphere-side heat exchanger 15. Therefore, when such a refrigerant is circulated through the bath-side heat exchanger 16, the bath water (not circulated) in the bath-side heat exchanger 16 is frozen, and the bath-side heat exchanger 16 is broken. There is a risk.
[0031]
Therefore, the first pressure reducer 14 is fully closed so that the refrigerant does not circulate in the bath-side heat exchanger 16, and the electromagnetic valve 18 is opened to ensure a refrigerant circulation path.
[0032]
As described above, the refrigerant circulates in the heat pump circuit 10 sequentially through the compressor 11, the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, the second decompressor 13, the atmosphere side heat exchanger 15, and the electromagnetic valve 18.
[0033]
On the other hand, in the hot water supply circuit 20, hot water is pumped and circulated by the hot water supply side pump 22, but in the bath circuit 30, since the bath side pump 31 is stopped, hot water does not circulate.
[0034]
And the refrigerant | coolant which was compressed with the compressor 11 and became hot gas of high temperature / high pressure heats hot water by the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, loses heat, and condenses. The condensed refrigerant is decompressed by the second decompressor 13 and evaporated by the atmospheric heat exchanger 15, and returns to the compressor 11 through the electromagnetic valve 18.
[0035]
At this time, the atmosphere-side heat exchanger 15 may be frosted. In such a case, the defrosting mode is appropriately operated. In the defrosting mode, the refrigerant from the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12 is supplied to the atmosphere side heat exchanger 15 without being decompressed by the second decompressor 13.
[0036]
That is, the operation of the bath-side pump 31, the stop of the fan 15a, the superheat degree control of the first pressure reducer 14, the full opening of the second pressure reducer 13, and the solenoid valve 18 are closed for the hot water heating mode.
[0037]
In the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the hot water and condenses, but the temperature of the condensed refrigerant does not become lower than the temperature of the hot water supply water, so that the heat causes the atmosphere side heat exchanger 15 to warm. And defrosted.
[0038]
As a result, it is possible to perform defrosting of the atmosphere-side heat exchanger 15 while heating hot water (without taking away the heat of hot water), so that efficient hot water heating can be performed. Become.
[0039]
Note that the refrigerant from the atmosphere-side heat exchanger 15 is decompressed by the first decompressor 14 and is evaporated by exchanging heat with hot water in the bath by the bath-side heat exchanger 16.
[0040]
On the other hand, in the heat recovery mode, the hot water supply side pump 22 and the bath side pump 31 are both in an operating state, and the compressor 11 and the fan 15a are in an operating state and a stopped state, respectively. Moreover, the refrigerant circuit switching unit 17 causes the refrigerant to flow in the direction of the solid arrow. Further, the first pressure reducer 14 is controlled in superheat, the second pressure reducer 13 is fully opened, and the solenoid valve 18 is closed.
[0041]
As a result, the refrigerant circulates in the heat pump circuit 10 sequentially through the compressor 11, the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, the second decompressor 13, the atmosphere side heat exchanger 15, and the bath side heat exchanger 16.
[0042]
On the other hand, in the hot water supply circuit 20, the hot water supply side pump 22 operates and hot water is pumped and circulated to the hot water supply tank 21. In the bath circuit 30, the bath side pump 31 operates and the hot water in the bath 32 flows into the bath side. It circulates through the heat exchanger 16.
[0043]
And the refrigerant | coolant which was compressed with the compressor 11 and became hot gas of high temperature / high pressure heats hot water by the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, loses heat, and condenses. The condensed refrigerant passes through the second decompressor 13 and the atmosphere-side heat exchanger 15, flows through the bath-side heat exchanger 16, and returns to the compressor 11.
[0044]
Since bath water circulates in the bath-side heat exchanger 16, the coolant is heated and evaporated by the hot water. That is, the evaporation heat of the refrigerant is supplied from the hot water of the bath 32, and the heat of the hot water of the bath is pumped up.
[0045]
When the refrigerant is heated by the heat of the hot water in the bath 32, the evaporation temperature can be further increased because the heat is pumped from a heat source having a higher temperature than the outside air temperature.
[0046]
Therefore, the compression ratio of the refrigerant cycle becomes smaller than that when operating with an external heat source, and accordingly, less power is input to the compressor 11, and operation with higher efficiency than usual is possible.
[0047]
In the memorial mode, the hot water supply side pump 22 is operated (may be stopped), and the bath side pump 31 is operated. The compressor 11 and the fan 15a are operated together, and the refrigerant circulation path switch 17 is switched so that the refrigerant circulates in the dotted line direction.
[0048]
Further, the first pressure reducer 14 is controlled to superheat, and the second pressure reducer 13 and the electromagnetic valve 18 are fully closed.
[0049]
And the refrigerant | coolant which was compressed with the compressor 11 and became hot gas of high temperature / high pressure heats hot water by the hot water supply side heat exchanger 12, loses heat, and condenses. Since the solenoid valve 18 is in a fully closed state, the condensed refrigerant circulates in the bath-side heat exchanger 16 and heats the bath 32 with the bath-side heat exchanger 16 (in memory). The pressure is reduced by the first pressure reducer 14.
[0050]
The refrigerant decompressed by the first decompressor 14 evaporates by exchanging heat with the atmosphere by the atmosphere-side heat exchanger 15, passes through the second decompressor 13, and returns to the compressor 11.
[0051]
In this case, if the hot water supply side pump 22 is stopped, or the heat used for heating the hot water is suppressed by reducing the flow rate regulator 23, etc., the memorial service can be performed more quickly.
[0052]
Therefore, since the hot water can be heated at the same time when bathing hot water (the hot water is not deprived of heat), efficient chasing is possible.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, the heat pump circuit compresses the refrigerant, the hot water supply side heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and hot water, and the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the external heat source. The external heat source side heat exchanger, the air side heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere, the first and second pressure reducers that depressurize the refrigerant, and compressing the refrigerant when heating only hot water. Switch the refrigerant circulation path so that it circulates through the heat exchanger, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the second pressure reducer, and the atmosphere side heat exchanger in turn, and heat the hot water supply while pumping up heat from the external heat source. When the refrigerant circulation path is switched so that the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the first decompressor, and the external heat source side heat exchanger are circulated sequentially, and heat is supplied to the external heat source while heating the hot water, The compressor, hot water supply side heat exchanger, external heat source side heat exchanger, and first pressure reducer in order. As the cooling medium circulation path switcher for switching the refrigerant circulation path, the refrigerant having evaporated in the air-side heat exchanger, a circulating outside the heat source-side heat exchanger for freezing the water in the outer heat source-side heat exchanger In order to prevent this, it is composed of a solenoid valve that opens fully in conjunction with the first pressure reducer when it is fully closed, so it can absorb the heat from the external heat source and heat the hot water supply. It is possible to apply heat to the external heat source without depriving the heat source, or to perform a defrosting operation , and to prevent an accident such as breakage of the external heat source heat exchanger.
[0054]
According to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the invention according to claim 1, when the atmosphere side heat exchanger is frosted during the operation of heating only hot water, heat is pumped from the external heat source for a predetermined time. However, since the operation mode is switched to the operation mode in which the hot water is heated, the defrosting operation can be performed without taking the heat of the hot water in addition to the effect of the first aspect.
[0055]
According to the invention of claim 3, since the external heat source of claim 1 or 2 is bath hot water, in addition to the effect of claim 1 or 2, heat is recovered from the remaining bath hot water to be discarded. As a result, it can be used for heating hot water, and bath water can be memorialized without taking away the heat of hot water.
[0056]
According to the invention of claim 4, the heat pump circuit includes a compressor that compresses the refrigerant, a hot water supply side heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and hot water, and an external heat source side that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the external heat source. When heating only the heat exchanger, the atmosphere-side heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere, the first and second decompressors that depressurize the refrigerant, and the hot water supply, the refrigerant is the compressor, the hot water supply side When the refrigerant circulation path is switched so that the heat exchanger, the second pressure reducer, and the atmosphere-side heat exchanger are circulated sequentially, and the hot water is heated while pumping heat from the external heat source, the refrigerant is replaced with a compressor, hot water supply. When the refrigerant circulation path is switched so as to sequentially circulate the side heat exchanger, the first pressure reducer, and the external heat source side heat exchanger, and heat is supplied to the external heat source while heating the hot water, Refrigerant circulation so that the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the external heat source side heat exchanger, and the first decompressor are circulated sequentially And having a cooling medium circulation path switcher for switching the, since the outer heat source hot water bath, can the heating of hot water and sucked up the heat from the outer heat source, also heat outside the heat source without depriving the heat of the hot water And defrosting operation can be performed, and heat can be recovered from the remaining hot water in the bath to be used for heating hot water. The bath water can be memorialized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a heat pump water heater that is applied to the description of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation mode.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a heat pump water heater applied to the description of the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Heat pump circuit 11 Compressor 12 Hot water supply side heat exchanger 13 Second decompressor 14 First decompressor 15 Atmosphere side heat exchanger 15a Fan 16 Bath side heat exchanger 17 Refrigerant circulation path switch 18 Solenoid valve 20 Hot water supply circuit 21 Hot water supply Tank 22 Hot water supply side pump 23 Flow rate regulator 30 Bath circuit 31 Bath side pump

Claims

In a water heater equipped with a heat pump circuit that pumps heat from an external heat source and heats hot water supply water,
The heat pump circuit compresses the refrigerant; and
A hot water supply side heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and hot water,
An external heat source side heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the external heat source;
An atmosphere side heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere;
First and second decompressors for decompressing the refrigerant;
When heating only hot water, the refrigerant circuit is switched so that the refrigerant circulates through the compressor, hot water supply side heat exchanger, second decompressor, and air side heat exchanger in order, and heat is drawn from the external heat source. When heating the hot water supply while increasing the temperature, the refrigerant circulation path is switched so that the refrigerant circulates through the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the first pressure reducer, and the external heat source side heat exchanger sequentially, and the hot water supply water is heated. In the case where heat is supplied to the external heat source, the refrigerant circulation path switch that switches the refrigerant circulation path so that the refrigerant circulates sequentially through the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the external heat source side heat exchanger, and the first decompressor. and it has a door,
In order to prevent the refrigerant evaporated in the atmosphere side heat exchanger from circulating to the external heat source side heat exchanger and freezing the water in the external heat source side heat exchanger, the first decompressor is fully closed. A heat pump water heater provided with a solenoid valve that fully opens in conjunction with this state .

When the atmosphere-side heat exchanger is frosted during operation of heating only hot water, it is defrosted by switching to an operation mode in which hot water is heated while pumping heat from an external heat source for a predetermined time. the heat pump water heater according to claim 1 Symbol mounting and.

In the case where the external heat source is bath water and only hot water is heated, or when hot water is heated while pumping heat from the external heat source, the heat of the hot water remaining in the bath is pumped up and the hot water is 3. The heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein the heat pump water heater is used for heating, and when heat is applied to an external heat source while heating hot water, it is used for bathing hot water in the bath.

In a water heater equipped with a heat pump circuit that pumps heat from an external heat source and heats hot water supply water,
The heat pump circuit compresses the refrigerant; and
A hot water supply side heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and hot water,
An external heat source side heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the external heat source;
An atmosphere side heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the atmosphere;
First and second decompressors for decompressing the refrigerant;
When heating only hot water, the refrigerant circuit is switched so that the refrigerant circulates through the compressor, hot water supply side heat exchanger, second decompressor, and air side heat exchanger in order, and heat is drawn from the external heat source. When heating the hot water supply while increasing the temperature, the refrigerant circulation path is switched so that the refrigerant circulates through the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the first pressure reducer, and the external heat source side heat exchanger sequentially, and the hot water supply water is heated. In the case where heat is supplied to the external heat source, the refrigerant circulation path switch that switches the refrigerant circulation path so that the refrigerant circulates sequentially through the compressor, the hot water supply side heat exchanger, the external heat source side heat exchanger, and the first decompressor. And having
In the case where the external heat source is bath water and only hot water is heated, or when hot water is heated while pumping heat from the external heat source, the heat of the hot water remaining in the bath is pumped up and the hot water is It was used to heat, also in the case of applying heat to the outer heat source while heating the hot water, features and be Ruhi Toponpu water heater to be used to add fired bath of hot water.