JP3623891B2 - Method for producing polymer - Google Patents

Method for producing polymer Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3623891B2
JP3623891B2 JP36093398A JP36093398A JP3623891B2 JP 3623891 B2 JP3623891 B2 JP 3623891B2 JP 36093398 A JP36093398 A JP 36093398A JP 36093398 A JP36093398 A JP 36093398A JP 3623891 B2 JP3623891 B2 JP 3623891B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
polymerization
bis
methylene
oxybis
propenoate
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JP36093398A
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JP2000178317A (en
Inventor
耕二 西田
隆之 槙野
亨 時光
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10Esters
    • C08F220/12Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/14Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は光学用途等に適した重合体の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
メタクリル樹脂は、機械的強度や成形加工性、耐候性等にバランスのとれた性質を有しており、シート材料あるいは成形材料として多方面に使用されている。更に、メタクリル樹脂は透明性、低分散性、低複屈折等の光学的にも優れた性質を有している。最近ではこうした特性を活かして、ビデオディスク、オーディオディスク、コンピューター用追記型ディスク等のディスク材料やカメラ、ビデオカメラ、投写型テレビ、光ピックアップ等のレンズ材料、さらに光ファイバー、光コネクターなど種々の光伝送材料として用途が広がっている。
【0003】
しかしながら、メタクリル樹脂は吸湿性が高く、耐熱性が低いという問題点を有している。吸湿による寸法変化や成形品のそりが生じたり、吸湿と乾燥の長期繰り返しサイクルによりクラックが発生することもあるため、その使用が制限されている用途もある。特に、ディスク材料やそれらの光学系に用いる光ピックアップレンズ、コネクター等には吸湿による寸法変化の影響が大きいといわれている。また、耐熱性が低いため車載用途などの使用が制限されることもある。さらに、メタクリル樹脂からなるシートは、吸湿によるそりが生じることもある。また更に近年、記録媒体の高密度化により、ディスク材料、レンズ等の光学樹脂材料の更なる低複屈折化が求められ、ポリメタクリル酸メチルよりもさらに低い複屈折の樹脂が求められている。
【0004】
それ故、近年、メタクリル樹脂の光学的性質を保持しながら、吸湿性の改善、耐熱性の向上、低複屈折化等に関し数多くの提案がなされている。例えばメタクリル樹脂に低吸水性を付与する方法として、メチルメタクリレートとシクロヘキシルメタクリレートとの共重合体(特開昭58−5318号公報)、メチルメタクリレートとシクロヘキシルメタクリレート及びベンジルメタクリレートとの共重合体(特開昭58−13652号公報)が提案されている。しかしながら、これらの共重合体は低吸湿化は達成されるものの耐熱性が低下するという欠点を有していた。また、耐熱性及び低複屈折を付与する方法としては、メタクリル酸メチルとo−メチルフェニルマレイミドとの共重合体(特開昭60−217216号公報)、メタクリル酸メチルとマレイミド化合物との共重合体(特開昭61−95011号公報)が提案されている。しかしながら、この場合にはマレイミド系単量体を導入するため、得られる共重合体は、一般に着色が大きい等の欠点を有している。
【0005】
一方、ポリマー鎖を剛直にすることにより分子運動を抑え耐熱性を向上する方法がある。このような重合体として、テトラヒドロピラン環を主鎖に持つ重合体が提案されている(USP4,889,948号公報、USP5,247,035号公報、Polymer , 1994
, 35 , 3317.)。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、これらの重合体はその機械強度が低く通常の射出成形は困難であり、さらに懸濁重合または塊状重合により製造した場合、架橋体が生成してしまう。即ち、単量体濃度の低い溶液重合でしか製造できず、生産性に劣るという欠点があり、事実上工業的生産は不可能である。また、Polymer , 1994 , 35 , 3317.では140℃での溶液重合が記載されているがコンバージョンが5%程度と低いため生産性に劣る。USP5,247,035号公報では明細書中に50〜160℃での重合が好ましいとの記載があるが、65℃での溶液重合のみしか実施されていない。これらの公報にも文献にも、生産性の高い高温重合については開示されていない。
【0007】
本発明の目的は、生産性が高く工業的に実施可能であり、透明性、耐熱性、低吸水性及び機械的強度に優れ、かつ低複屈折のメタクリル系成形材料の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、ある一定の温度以上で重合することにより、副反応である架橋反応の抑制が可能となり、透明性、耐熱性、低吸水性及び機械的強度に優れ、かつ、低複屈折のメタクリル系成形材料の工業的に実施可能な製造方法を見出した。
【0009】
即ち、本発明の要旨は、下記の一般式(1)で示されるα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体と他のビニル単量体とを、重合温度115℃以上で重合することを特徴とする重合体の製造方法にある。
【0010】
【化2】

Figure 0003623891
【0011】
(式中、Rは炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基を示す。)
【0012】
更に本発明の要旨は、前述の製造方法において10時間半減期温度が90℃以上である重合開始剤を使用する共重合体の製造方法にある。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の重合体又は共重合体の製造方法に用いられる一般式(1)で表されるα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体としては、ジメチル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジエチル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(n−プロピル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(イソプロピル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(n−ブチル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(イソブチル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(t−ブチル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジステアリル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジラウリル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(2−エチルヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(メトキシエチル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジベンジル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジフェニル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジシクロヘキシル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(ジシクロペンタジエニル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(トリシクロデカニル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジアダマンチル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート等が挙げられる。
【0014】
これらのなかでも、ジメチル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジシクロヘキシル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(トリシクロデカニル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジアダマンチル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエートが好ましく、ジメチル 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート、ジ(トリシクロデカニル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエートがより好ましい。
【0015】
また、本発明の共重合体の製造方法に用いられる他のビニル単量体としては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸n−プロピル、メタクリル酸イソプロピル、メタクリル酸n−ブチル、メタクリル酸イソブチル、メタクリル酸t−ブチル、メタクリル酸イソアミル、メタクリル酸ラウリル、メタクリル酸フェニル、メタクリル酸ベンジル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、メタクリル酸グリシジル、メタクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸n−プロピル、アクリル酸イソプロピル、アクリル酸n−ブチル、アクリル酸イソブチル、アクリル酸t−ブチル、アクリル酸イソアミル、アクリル酸ラウリル、アクリル酸フェニル、アクリル酸ベンジル、アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸グリシジル、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、あるいはスチレン、α−メチルスチレン、アクリロニトリルなどが挙げられる。これらのなかでも、透明性および耐候性の面からメタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸ベンジル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸メチルが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の共重合体の製造方法において、一般式(1)で示されるα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体と他のビニル単量体との組成比は特に限定されないが、材料としての特性から一般式(1)で示されるα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体の重量組成比が10〜70重量%の範囲であることが好ましく、10〜50重量%の範囲であることがより好ましい。一般式(1)で示されるα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体の重量組成比が少なすぎる場合は耐熱性や吸水性が不足し、多すぎる場合は機械的強度が低下する傾向がある。
【0017】
また、本発明の重合体または共重合体(以下、これらを併せて「(共)重合体」という)は、前述のα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体、またはα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体と他のビニル単量体との単量体混合物を懸濁重合、塊状重合、溶液重合または乳化重合によって製造することができるが、得られた共重合体の成形品における透明性等の点で、懸濁重合または塊状重合が好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の製造方法において、重合温度は115℃以上である。重合温度が115℃未満の場合は、α置換アクリル酸エステル単量体の生長反応は分子間生長が主反応となるため、熱成形不可能な架橋体が生成し、成形材料としての使用が困難になる。重合温度は160℃以下であることが好ましい。
【0019】
本発明で用いられる重合開始剤としては、一般にラジカル重合において用いられる公知の重合開始剤を使用することができる。
【0020】
重合開始剤としては10時間半減期温度が90℃以上である重合開始剤が好ましい。これらの重合開始剤としては、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド(10時間半減期温度125℃)、ジイソプロピルベンゼンハイドロパーオキサイド(10時間半減期温度148℃)、2,2−ビス(4,4−ジ−t−ブチルパーオキシシクロヘキシル)プロパン(10時間半減期温度92℃)等が挙げられる。これらの開始剤を使用した場合、効率よく短時間で高分子量の(共)重合体の製造が可能となる。
【0021】
また、重合の際には必要に応じて連鎖移動剤を添加することもできる。連鎖移動剤としては特に限定されないが、n−オクチルメルカプタン、n−ドデシルメルカプタン、チオフェノール、t−ブチルメルカプタンなどのメルカプタン化合物が好ましい。
【0022】
本発明で得られた(共)重合体を用いて成形物を製造する際には、公知の溶融成形法、溶液成形法などが使用できる。また、シート状成形体を製造する場合にはガラス板間に、前述のα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体、または単量体混合物を注入し、重合するキャスト成形法も使用できる。
【0023】
また(共)重合体の複屈折率は80×10−6以下であることが好ましく、70×10−6以下であることがより好ましい。複屈折率が高すぎる場合は、高い読みとり、書き込み精度が要求される光学材料への使用が困難となる。
【0024】
さらに(共)重合体の数平均分子量は、50,000〜200,000が好ましい。数平均分子量が低すぎる場合は(共)重合体の機械強度が低下するため射出成形が困難となり、高すぎる場合は溶融時の流動性が低下する。
【0025】
この(共)重合体には適量の強化剤、可塑剤、架橋剤、熱安定剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、抗酸化剤、離型剤等を添加して成形物を製造することができる。特に衝撃強度を向上させる強化剤、耐候性を向上させる紫外線吸収剤、抗酸化性を向上させる抗酸化剤の添加が好ましい。
【0026】
本発明で得られた(共)重合体の成形物は、透明性、耐熱性及び低吸水性に優れており、導光体、耐熱シートとして用いることができる。さらに低複屈折であるためレンズ、ディスク、光伝送材料として十分な性能を発揮できる。またさらに、その耐候性が優れていることから表面被覆剤としても用いることができる。即ち、用途としては、光ピックアップレンズ、レーザービームプリンター用fθレンズ、眼鏡レンズ、カメラレンズ、ビデオカメラレンズ、ランプレンズ等のレンズ材料、ビデオディスク、オーディオディスク、コンピューター用追記型ディスク等のディスク材料、光ファイバー、光コネクター、導光体等の光伝送材料、看板、水槽、光拡散板等のディスプレイ材料、ポリカーボネート表面コート材料、ポリカーボネート板積層用のシート材料等が挙げられる。その中でも光ピックアップレンズ、レーザービームプリンター用fθレンズ、ランプレンズ、ディスク、光ファイバーのコア材、導光体、光拡散板、ポリカーボネート板積層用のシート材料に特に適している。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。なお、実施例で得られた(共)重合体、その(共)重合体をシリンダー温度240℃で押出し得られたペレット、およびそのペレットを90℃で24時間乾燥し、シリンダー温度245℃、金型温度70℃で射出成形し、得られた50×100×2mmの平板試験片の評価は、以下の方法により行った。
【0028】
1)数平均分子量(Mn)、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)
PMMAをスタンダードとしてGPC法(溶媒:クロロホルム)により求めた。
【0029】
2)(共)重合体中の式(1)の成分の含有率
1H NMRにより定量した(溶媒:クロロホルム−d , 測定温度:60℃)。
【0030】
3)飽和吸水率
前述の平板試験片を90℃で7日間乾燥させた後、乾燥重量を測定し、ついで60℃の温水中に60日間浸漬し、吸水重量を測定した。浸漬後の吸水率を飽和吸水率として、次の式により求めた。
【0031】
飽和吸水率(%)=[(吸水重量−乾燥重量)/乾燥重量]×100
4)全光線透過率
前述の厚み2mmの平板試験片を用い、ASTM D1003に従って測定した。
【0032】
5)VICAT軟化温度
前述と同様の方法にて厚み3mmの平板試験片を射出成形し、ASTM D1525に従って測定した。
【0033】
6)ガラス転移温度(Tg)
DSC法により測定した。
【0034】
7)曲げ強度
ASTM D790に従い測定した。
【0035】
8)複屈折率
前述のペレットを90℃で24時間乾燥し、シリンダー温度245℃(比較例4は240℃)、金型温度90℃(比較例4は70℃)で射出成形し、50×100×2mmの平板試験片を得た。偏光顕微鏡を用い、波長546nmの光線でゲートから50mmの場所の光路差を測定した。測定値を厚みで割って、複屈折率を求めた。
【0036】
[実施例1]
容量が2リットルのフラスコ中において4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシルアクリレート840g(4mol:シクロヘキシル環に対するcis体/trans体=38重量%/72重量%)、純度75%のパラホルムアルデヒド160g(4mol)、1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2,2,2]オクタン60g(0.53mol)、p−メトキシフェノール616mg、t−ブチルアルコール120gを、空気バブリングを行いながら80℃で20時間反応させた。反応終了後、3リットルのメタノール中にこの反応溶液を注ぎ、30分間攪拌した。ついで、この混合溶液を0℃で一晩静置し,白色結晶のジ(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエートを520g(収率74.2%)得た。
【0037】
ついで、容量が1リットルのオートクレーブに、メタクリル酸メチル 283.5g、ジ(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエート31.5g,重合開始剤として ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド0.1g(日本油脂製パーブチルD)および連鎖移動剤としてn−オクチルメルカプタン0.945gからなる単量体混合物相と、水450g、分散安定剤としてメタクリル酸とメタクリル酸2−スルホエチルのナトリウム塩の共重合体 1.22g及び分散助剤として硫酸ナトリウム1.13gからなる水相を加え、30分窒素バブリングすることによりオートクレーブ内の雰囲気を窒素置換した。攪拌翼の回転数を400rpm、温度を150℃として2時間懸濁重合を行った。重合反応終了後、冷却、濾過、水洗及び熱風乾燥することにより共重合体300g(収率95%)を得た。この共重合体を評価し、表1の結果を得た。
【0038】
[実施例2]
ジ(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2’−[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス−2−プロペノエートを94.5g、メタクリル酸メチルを220.5g、n−オクチルメルカプタンを1.575gとした以外は実施例1と同様にして共重合体300g(収率95%)を得た。この共重合体を評価し、表1の結果を得た。
【0039】
参考例1
容量が100ミリリットルのアンプル管に ジ(4-t-ブチルシクロヘキシル) 2,2'-[オキシビス(メチレン)]ビス-2-プロペノエート40g, パーブチルD 0.1g , n-オクチルメルカプタン0.945g を加え、真空脱気により窒素置換し、150℃で5時間塊状重合を行った。反応終了後、重合体を取り出し、表1の結果を得た。
【0040】
[比較例1〜3]
重合温度を100℃とした以外は、それぞれ実施例1〜3と同様に重合を行った。得られた(共)重合体は架橋体であり、クロロホルムに不溶、熱成形不可能なため評価ができなかった。
【0041】
[比較例4]
アクリペット(登録商標)VH(三菱レイヨン(株)製)を評価し、表1の結果を得た。
【0042】
【表1】
Figure 0003623891
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明によって、透明性、耐熱性、低吸水性及び機械的強度に優れた低複屈折の(共)重合体が、生産性が高く工業的に実施可能な製造方法で提供される。得られた(共)重合体はその性質から光ピックアップレンズ等のレンズ材料、ディスク材料、光伝送材料、看板等のディスプレイ材料に適用可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer suitable for optical applications and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Methacrylic resins have properties that are balanced in mechanical strength, molding processability, weather resistance, and the like, and are used in various fields as sheet materials or molding materials. Furthermore, the methacrylic resin has optically excellent properties such as transparency, low dispersibility, and low birefringence. Recently, taking advantage of these characteristics, disk materials such as video discs, audio discs, write-once discs for computers, lens materials for cameras, video cameras, projection televisions, optical pickups, etc., as well as various optical transmissions such as optical fibers and optical connectors. Applications are expanding as a material.
[0003]
However, methacrylic resins have problems of high hygroscopicity and low heat resistance. In some applications, the use is limited because dimensional changes due to moisture absorption and warping of molded products may occur, and cracks may occur due to repeated cycles of moisture absorption and drying. In particular, it is said that the influence of dimensional change due to moisture absorption is great for disk materials, optical pickup lenses, connectors, and the like used in those optical systems. Moreover, since heat resistance is low, use, such as a vehicle-mounted application, may be restrict | limited. Furthermore, warpage due to moisture absorption may occur in a sheet made of methacrylic resin. Further, in recent years, with the increase in the density of recording media, further reduction in birefringence of optical resin materials such as disk materials and lenses has been demanded, and a resin having a lower birefringence than polymethyl methacrylate has been demanded.
[0004]
Therefore, in recent years, many proposals have been made on improvement of hygroscopicity, improvement of heat resistance, low birefringence and the like while maintaining the optical properties of methacrylic resin. For example, as a method for imparting low water absorption to a methacrylic resin, a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-5318), a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and benzyl methacrylate (Japanese Patent No. 58-13652) has been proposed. However, these copolymers have the disadvantage that the heat resistance is lowered although the moisture absorption is reduced. Further, as a method for imparting heat resistance and low birefringence, a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and o-methylphenylmaleimide (JP-A-60-217216), a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and a maleimide compound is used. A merger (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-95011) has been proposed. However, in this case, since a maleimide monomer is introduced, the resulting copolymer generally has drawbacks such as high coloration.
[0005]
On the other hand, there is a method of suppressing the molecular motion and improving the heat resistance by making the polymer chain rigid. As such a polymer, a polymer having a tetrahydropyran ring as a main chain has been proposed (USP 4,889,948, USP 5,247,035, Polymer, 1994).
, 35, 3317. ).
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these polymers have low mechanical strength and are difficult to perform normal injection molding. Further, when produced by suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization, a crosslinked product is formed. That is, it can be produced only by solution polymerization with a low monomer concentration and has a disadvantage that it is inferior in productivity, and industrial production is practically impossible. Also, Polymer, 1994, 35, 3317. However, although solution polymerization at 140 ° C. is described, the conversion is as low as about 5%, so the productivity is poor. US Pat. No. 5,247,035 discloses that polymerization at 50 to 160 ° C. is preferred in the specification, but only solution polymerization at 65 ° C. is carried out. Neither these publications nor literature discloses high-temperature polymerization with high productivity.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a methacrylic molding material having high productivity, industrially feasible, excellent in transparency, heat resistance, low water absorption and mechanical strength, and having low birefringence. It is in.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors can suppress the crosslinking reaction, which is a side reaction, by polymerization at a certain temperature or higher, and are excellent in transparency, heat resistance, low water absorption and mechanical strength, and have low birefringence. An industrially feasible production method for methacrylic molding materials was found.
[0009]
That is, the gist of the present invention, co, characterized in that the polymerization in the α-substituted acrylic acid ester monomer represented and another vinyl monomer by the following general formula (1), the polymerization temperature 115 ° C. or higher It exists in the manufacturing method of a polymer.
[0010]
[Chemical formula 2]
Figure 0003623891
[0011]
(In the formula, R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
[0012]
Further subject matter of the present invention is a method for producing a copolymer that use polymerization initiator 10-hour half-life temperature of 90 ° C. or higher in the manufacturing method described above.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The α-substituted acrylate monomer represented by the general formula (1) used in the method for producing the polymer or copolymer of the present invention is dimethyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2. -Propenoate, diethyl 2,2 '-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (n-propyl) 2,2'-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (isopropyl) 2, 2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (n-butyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (isobutyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis ( Methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (t-butyl) 2,2 '-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, distearyl 2,2'-[oxy Bis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, dilauryl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (2-ethylhexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2- Propenoate, di (methoxyethyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, dibenzyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, diphenyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (Methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, dicyclohexyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis- 2-propenoate, di (dicyclopentadienyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis 2-propenoate, di (tricyclodecanyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, diadamantyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate .
[0014]
Among these, dimethyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, dicyclohexyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (tricyclodecanyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, diadamantyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (Methylene)] bis-2-propenoate is preferred, dimethyl 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] Bis-2-propenoate, di (tricyclodecanyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propyl Lopenoate is more preferred.
[0015]
Other vinyl monomers used in the method for producing a copolymer of the present invention include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and isobutyl methacrylate. , T-butyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate , Isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, Glycidyl acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, or styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, and acrylonitrile. Among these, methyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate are preferable in terms of transparency and weather resistance.
[0016]
In the method for producing a copolymer of the present invention, the composition ratio of the α-substituted acrylate monomer represented by the general formula (1) and the other vinyl monomer is not particularly limited, but it is generally from the characteristics as a material. The weight composition ratio of the α-substituted acrylate monomer represented by the formula (1) is preferably in the range of 10 to 70% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 50% by weight. When the weight composition ratio of the α-substituted acrylate monomer represented by the general formula (1) is too small, heat resistance and water absorption are insufficient, and when it is too large, mechanical strength tends to decrease.
[0017]
Further, the polymer or copolymer of the present invention (hereinafter collectively referred to as “(co) polymer”) is the above-mentioned α-substituted acrylate monomer or α-substituted acrylate monomer. A monomer mixture with other vinyl monomers can be produced by suspension polymerization, bulk polymerization, solution polymerization or emulsion polymerization, but in terms of transparency in the molded product of the obtained copolymer, Suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization is preferred.
[0018]
In the production method of the present invention, the polymerization temperature is 115 ° C. or higher. When the polymerization temperature is lower than 115 ° C., the growth reaction of the α-substituted acrylate monomer is mainly caused by intermolecular growth, resulting in the formation of a crosslinked product that cannot be thermoformed and difficult to use as a molding material. become. The polymerization temperature is preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
[0019]
As the polymerization initiator used in the present invention, known polymerization initiators generally used in radical polymerization can be used.
[0020]
As the polymerization initiator, a polymerization initiator having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 90 ° C. or higher is preferable. As these polymerization initiators, di-t-butyl peroxide (10-hour half-life temperature 125 ° C.), diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide (10-hour half-life temperature 148 ° C.), 2,2-bis (4,4- And di-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane (10 hour half-life temperature 92 ° C.). When these initiators are used, a high molecular weight (co) polymer can be efficiently produced in a short time.
[0021]
Further, a chain transfer agent can be added as necessary during the polymerization. Although it does not specifically limit as a chain transfer agent, Mercaptan compounds, such as n-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, thiophenol, t-butyl mercaptan, are preferable.
[0022]
When producing a molded product using the (co) polymer obtained in the present invention, a known melt molding method, solution molding method and the like can be used. Moreover, when manufacturing a sheet-like molded object, the cast shaping | molding method which inject | pours and polymerizes the above-mentioned (alpha) substituted acrylate ester monomer or monomer mixture between glass plates can also be used.
[0023]
The birefringence of the (co) polymer is preferably 80 × 10 −6 or less, and more preferably 70 × 10 −6 or less. When the birefringence is too high, it becomes difficult to use the optical material for which high reading and writing accuracy is required.
[0024]
Furthermore, the number average molecular weight of the (co) polymer is preferably 50,000 to 200,000. If the number average molecular weight is too low, the mechanical strength of the (co) polymer is reduced, making injection molding difficult. If it is too high, the fluidity at the time of melting is lowered.
[0025]
An appropriate amount of a reinforcing agent, a plasticizer, a crosslinking agent, a heat stabilizer, a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a release agent, and the like can be added to the (co) polymer to produce a molded product. . In particular, the addition of a reinforcing agent that improves impact strength, an ultraviolet absorber that improves weather resistance, and an antioxidant that improves antioxidant properties is preferable.
[0026]
The molded product of the (co) polymer obtained in the present invention is excellent in transparency, heat resistance and low water absorption, and can be used as a light guide and a heat resistant sheet. Furthermore, since it has a low birefringence, it can exhibit sufficient performance as a lens, a disk, and an optical transmission material. Furthermore, since the weather resistance is excellent, it can also be used as a surface coating agent. In other words, the applications include optical pickup lenses, fθ lenses for laser beam printers, eyeglass lenses, camera lenses, video camera lenses, lamp lenses, and other lens materials, video discs, audio discs, disc write-on discs for computers, etc. Examples include optical transmission materials such as optical fibers, optical connectors, and light guides, display materials such as signboards, water tanks, and light diffusion plates, polycarbonate surface coating materials, and sheet materials for laminating polycarbonate plates. Among them, it is particularly suitable for optical pickup lenses, fθ lenses for laser beam printers, lamp lenses, disks, optical fiber core materials, light guides, light diffusion plates, and polycarbonate sheet materials.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples. The (co) polymer obtained in the examples, the pellet obtained by extruding the (co) polymer at a cylinder temperature of 240 ° C., and the pellet were dried at 90 ° C. for 24 hours, and the cylinder temperature was 245 ° C., gold The 50 × 100 × 2 mm flat plate test piece obtained by injection molding at a mold temperature of 70 ° C. was evaluated by the following method.
[0028]
1) Number average molecular weight (Mn), molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn)
It was determined by GPC method (solvent: chloroform) using PMMA as a standard.
[0029]
2) Content of component of formula (1) in (co) polymer quantified by 1H NMR (solvent: chloroform-d, measurement temperature: 60 ° C.).
[0030]
3) Saturated water absorption The flat plate test piece described above was dried at 90 ° C. for 7 days, then the dry weight was measured, and then immersed in warm water at 60 ° C. for 60 days, and the water absorption weight was measured. The water absorption after immersion was determined as the saturated water absorption by the following formula.
[0031]
Saturated water absorption (%) = [(water absorption weight−dry weight) / dry weight] × 100
4) Total light transmittance Measured in accordance with ASTM D1003 using the above-mentioned 2 mm-thick flat plate test piece.
[0032]
5) VICAT softening temperature A flat test piece having a thickness of 3 mm was injection molded by the same method as described above, and measured according to ASTM D1525.
[0033]
6) Glass transition temperature (Tg)
Measured by DSC method.
[0034]
7) Bending strength Measured according to ASTM D790.
[0035]
8) Birefringence index The above-mentioned pellets were dried at 90 ° C. for 24 hours, and injection-molded at a cylinder temperature of 245 ° C. (Comparative Example 4 is 240 ° C.) and a mold temperature of 90 ° C. (Comparative Example 4 is 70 ° C.). A plate test piece of 100 × 2 mm was obtained. Using a polarizing microscope, the optical path difference at a location 50 mm from the gate was measured with a light beam having a wavelength of 546 nm. The measured value was divided by the thickness to obtain the birefringence.
[0036]
[Example 1]
In a flask having a volume of 2 liters, 840 g of 4-t-butylcyclohexyl acrylate (4 mol: cis-isomer / trans-isomer with respect to the cyclohexyl ring = 38 wt% / 72 wt%), 160 g (4 mol) of paraformaldehyde with a purity of 75%, 4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane 60 g (0.53 mol), p-methoxyphenol 616 mg, and t-butyl alcohol 120 g were reacted at 80 ° C. for 20 hours while performing air bubbling. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into 3 liters of methanol and stirred for 30 minutes. Subsequently, this mixed solution was allowed to stand at 0 ° C. overnight, and 520 g (yield: 74.2) of di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate as white crystals. 2%).
[0037]
Then, in an autoclave having a capacity of 1 liter, 283.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 31.5 g of di (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, as a polymerization initiator A monomer mixture phase consisting of 0.1 g of di-t-butyl peroxide (Perbutyl D manufactured by NOF Corporation) and 0.945 g of n-octyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, 450 g of water, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid as a dispersion stabilizer Copolymer of 2-sulfoethyl sodium salt 1.22 g and an aqueous phase consisting of 1.13 g of sodium sulfate as a dispersion aid were added, and the atmosphere in the autoclave was purged with nitrogen by bubbling with nitrogen for 30 minutes. Suspension polymerization was performed for 2 hours at a rotation speed of the stirring blade of 400 rpm and a temperature of 150 ° C. After completion of the polymerization reaction, 300 g of copolymer (yield 95%) was obtained by cooling, filtering, washing with water and drying with hot air. This copolymer was evaluated and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0038]
[Example 2]
Except for 94.5 g of di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, 220.5 g of methyl methacrylate, and 1.575 g of n-octyl mercaptan In the same manner as in Example 1, 300 g (yield 95%) of a copolymer was obtained. This copolymer was evaluated and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0039]
[ Reference Example 1 ]
Di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) 2,2 '-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate 40g, perbutyl D 0.1g, n-octyl mercaptan 0.945g was added to an ampule tube with a capacity of 100ml The atmosphere was purged with nitrogen by vacuum deaeration, and bulk polymerization was carried out at 150 ° C. for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the polymer was taken out and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0040]
[Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, except that the polymerization temperature was 100 ° C. The obtained (co) polymer was a crosslinked product and was insoluble in chloroform and could not be evaluated because thermoforming was impossible.
[0041]
[Comparative Example 4]
Acrypet (registered trademark) VH (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was evaluated, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0042]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003623891
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a low birefringence (co) polymer excellent in transparency, heat resistance, low water absorption and mechanical strength is provided by a production method which is highly productive and industrially feasible. The obtained (co) polymer can be applied to a lens material such as an optical pickup lens, a disk material, an optical transmission material, and a display material such as a signboard because of its properties.

Claims (4)

下記の一般式(1)で示されるα置換アクリル酸エステル単量体と他のビニル単量体とを、重合温度115℃以上で重合することを特徴とする重合体の製造方法。
Figure 0003623891
(式中、Rは炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基を示す。)
Following the α-substituted acrylic acid ester monomer represented by the general formula (1) and other vinyl monomer, a method of manufacturing the copolymer, characterized by polymerizing at a polymerization temperature 115 ° C. or higher.
Figure 0003623891
(In the formula, R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
他のビニル単量体が(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであることを特徴とする請求項に記載の方法。The method according to claim 1 , wherein the other vinyl monomer is a (meth) acrylic acid ester. 重合が懸濁重合または塊状重合であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the polymerization is suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization. 10時間半減期温度が90℃以上である重合開始剤を使用することを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a polymerization initiator having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 90 ° C or higher is used.
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