JP3621611B2 - Regeneration method of coconut plant - Google Patents

Regeneration method of coconut plant Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3621611B2
JP3621611B2 JP24459699A JP24459699A JP3621611B2 JP 3621611 B2 JP3621611 B2 JP 3621611B2 JP 24459699 A JP24459699 A JP 24459699A JP 24459699 A JP24459699 A JP 24459699A JP 3621611 B2 JP3621611 B2 JP 3621611B2
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medium
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coconut
plant
regenerating
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JP2001061361A (en
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エス.ミルナ セニサ
ジー.フェルナンディコ スーサン
信夫 鎌田
泰揮 本多
泰 影山
修次 川合
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ココヤシ未分化雄花細胞からココヤシ植物体を再生させるための方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
ココヤシから得られる油脂は、各種産業において原料として用いられる極めて重要な油脂であり、これまでにココヤシ種子の増産を目的として矮性種と普通種との交雑等を始めとした種々の品種改良の試みがなされている。
【0003】
一方、近年植物組織培養の技術が進歩し、親植物と同一な遺伝子組成を持つクローン植物を得る方法が様々な植物種で試みられており、ココヤシにおいてもその花序から脱分化組織(カルス)を誘導し再生固体を得る方法や(Proc.Intl.Conf.on Cocoa and Coconuts.,“Clonal Propagation of Coconut Palm”1984、特開平1−85071号公報)、未分化雄花組織からカルスを誘導せず直接に正常個体を復元する方法(特公平7−4123号公報)が知られている。
【0004】
しかし、これらの方法を以てしても、再現性が高く安定的に且つ高頻度で植物体を再生するには未だ充分ではなく、使用するホルモンの種類や適性濃度等の培養条件についてなお検討の余地があった。
【0005】
本発明の目的は、ココヤシの未分化雄花組織からカルスを経ないで植物体を再生する方法であって、再現性が高く、より高頻度で正常個体を復元するための方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、ココヤシ未分化雄花組織片から直接に植物体を再生する方法について検討した結果、特定の培地を用い、特定の培養条件を選択することによって上記目的が達成されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0007】
即ち、本発明は、ココヤシの未分化雄花組織の外植片から植物体を再生する方法であ って、(a)ココヤシの未分化雄花組織の外植片を、暗黒下で、植物ホルモンとしてナ フタレン酢酸40〜60ppmのみを含む固体培地で培養して肥大化組織塊を誘導する工 程、(b)該肥大化組織塊を、光照射下で、2,4−ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸5〜15 ppm、6−ベンジルアデニン2.5〜7.5ppm及びイソペンテニルアデニン2.5〜 7.5ppmを含む培地で培養して苗条分化させる工程、次いで(c)該苗条分化体から 幼植物体を再生させる工程、を行うことを特徴とするココヤシ植物体の再生方法を提供 するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のココヤシ植物体の再生方法は、(a)〜(c)の工程からなるものでり、以下に各工程について説明する。
【0009】
(a)肥大化組織塊(アウトグロース)の誘導
肥大化組織塊への誘導は、暗黒下に、ココヤシの未分化雄花組織の外植片を、植物ホルモンとしてオーキシン40〜60ppmを含む固体培地で培養することにより行われる。
【0010】
ここで、肥大化組織塊とは、外植片に由来する栄養生長的な構造をいう。
【0011】
本発明において用いられるココヤシ(Cocos nucifera L.)は、普通種、矮性種及び交雑種のいずれであってもよく、またココヤシの樹令も任意であり、最初の花序が形成される若い樹令のものから数十年の樹令のものまでを任意に用いることができる。
【0012】
ココヤシは連続花序であり、1個体から成熟状態が異なる花序が約20個得られる。即ち、最も未熟な花序から開花直前の成熟花序に至るまで、成熟段階の異なる一連の花序が得られるが、本発明に使用する花序は、未熟花序のうち外苞(outer spathe)の長さが30〜70mmの範囲にあるステージものが用いられる。外苞長が該範囲を超える場合は、外植片の褐変が著しく培養が困難であり、また外苞長が該範囲に満たない場合は、外植片からの肥大化組織塊の形成は極めて希れとなり好ましくない。
【0013】
外植片は、ココヤシ成木樹の花序を無菌的に取り出し、花序の未分化雄花部を、EeuwensらのY−3液体培地(Physiol.Plant.,36巻,23頁,1976年)等の中で0.5〜1.0mm厚に切り出すことにより摘出できる。
【0014】
摘出した外植片を培養するための固体培地は、既知の無成液体培地を基本培地とし、これに炭素源、植物ホルモンを加え、所望のpH、具体的には、pH5.0〜6.5に調整した後、活性炭を加え、更にゲル化剤を加えて固化することにより調製することができる。
【0015】
基本培地としては、例えばムラシゲ・アンド・スクーグ培地、Y−3培地、ホワイト培地、ガンボルグ(B5)培地、ブラントン・アンド・ブレイク培地(Proc. Intl. Conf. on Cocoa and Coconuts., “Clonal Propagation of Coconut Palm” 1984 )、又はこれらの培地組成を改良したもの等を用いることができるが、このうち、Y−3培地、ブラントン・アンド・ブレイク培地が好ましい。
【0016】
炭素源としては、ショ糖、ブドウ糖の他、フルクトースやマルトース等を用いることができ、好ましくはショ糖である。
斯かる炭素源は、培地中に1〜5%、特に2〜4%添加するのが好ましい。
【0017】
本工程において用いられる植物ホルモンとしては、ナフタレン酢酸(NAA)、2,4−ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸(2,4−D)等のオーキシンのみが、培地中濃度が40〜60ppmの範囲で用いられる。特にナフタレン酢酸(NAA)を約50ppmとなるよう添加することが、カルス様体の発現を抑制すると共に、肥大化組織塊の誘導率を向上させることから好ましい。
【0018】
ゲル化剤としては、寒天、アガロース、シュードモナス属に属する菌が産生する多糖類(例えばジェランガム(メルク社製)等)が使用でき、特にシュードモナス属に属する菌が産生する多糖類が好ましい。使用量はゲル化剤の種類によっても異なるが、培地中に0.05〜1.5%、特に0.1〜0.3%添加するのが好ましい。
【0019】
また、本培地には、有害物質を除去することを目的として、活性炭0.05〜1%が添加される。
【0020】
また、斯かる培地には、上記の成分の他にビタミン類、アミノ酸類、その他の有機物等を必要に応じて加えることもできる。
【0021】
本工程における培養は、暗黒下において行われ、通常20〜35℃、好ましくは、25〜30℃の温度で、1〜3ヶ月間、好ましくは約2ヶ月間行われる。
【0022】
(b)苗条分化
苗条分化は、光照射下に、(a)で得られた肥大化組織塊を、植物ホルモンとしてオーキシン5〜15ppmとサイトカイニン5〜15ppmを含む培地で、培養することにより行われる。
【0023】
本工程において用いられるオーキシンとしては、2,4−ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸(2,4−D)を用いることが好ましい。また、その添加量は、5〜15ppmの範囲であり、特に8〜12ppmが好ましい。
【0024】
また、本工程において用いられるサイトカイニンとしては、6−ベンジルアデニン(6−BA)、6−フルフリアミノプテリン、テトラヒドロピラニルベンジルアデニン等の合成サイトカイニン、イソペンテニルアデニン(2−iP)、イソペンテニルアデノシン、ゼアチン等の天然サイトカイニンが挙げられるが、特に、6−ベンジルアデニンとイソペンテニルアデニンをそれぞれ2.5〜7.5ppm、好ましくは4〜6ppmの濃度で用いることが好ましい。
【0025】
固体培地は、上記植物ホルモン(オーキシン及びサイトカイニン)、(a)工程と同様の炭素源を液体培地に添加し、これを所望のpH、具体的には、pH5.0〜6.5に調整した後、活性炭を添加し、更に(a)工程と同様のゲル化剤を加えて固化することによって調製される。
【0026】
本工程における培養は、光照射下で行われ、通常25〜30℃、好ましくは27〜29℃の温度で、相対湿度65〜80%の条件下で行われる。光照射は、500〜20000ルクス、好ましくは6000ルクスの光源を、通常1日に5〜24時間、好ましくは8時間照射することにより行われる。
【0027】
斯かる条件の下、通常2〜4ヶ月程度培養することにより、茎葉と不定根の分化が起こる。
【0028】
(c)幼植物体の再生
幼植物体の再生は、苗条分化体を新鮮培地に移植し、光照射下、2〜3ヶ月間培養することにより行うことができる。ここで用いられる培地に添加される植物ホルモンの種類や量は特に限定されず、いずれのオーキシン、サイトカイニンも用いることができるが、サイトカイニンについては(b)工程で用いられた濃度の2倍、オーキシンについては1/2の濃度に調製した場合が特に好ましい。尚、培地に添加される炭素源、活性炭及びゲル化剤は(a)工程及び(b)工程で使用したものと同様のものを用いることができ、また培養は、基本的に(b)工程で用いたものと同様の条件で行うことができる。
【0029】
斯かる条件の下、通常2〜4ヶ月程度培養することにより、幼植物体が再生される。
【0030】
【実施例】
実施例1
(1)外植片の摘出
ココヤシを切り倒し、外苞(outer spathe)の長さが30〜70mmの一連のステージの花序を無菌的に摘出し、液体Y−3基本培地中で0.5〜1.0mm厚に組織をスライスし、外植片を得た。
【0031】
(2)肥大化組織塊の誘導
Y−3基本培地にNAAを50ppm、ショ糖を3%、活性炭を0.25%、ジエランガム(メルク社製)を0.15%となるように加え、pHを5.7に調整した固体培地に外植片を置床し、28℃で暗黒下培養した。約2カ月間で肥大化組織塊(アウトグロース)が誘導され(誘導率:45±4.5%)(図1)、カルス様体の発現は見られなかった。
【0032】
尚、オーキシン無添加の標準培地で同様の操作を行ったところ、肥大化組織塊の誘導率は28.8±8.8%であり、カルス様体の発現率は9.41±9.7%であった。
【0033】
(3)苗条分化
外植片から肥大化組織塊を分離し、これをY−3基本培地に2,4−Dを10〜20ppm、サイトカイニン(6−BA 1又は5ppm、2−iP 1又は5ppm)、ショ糖を3%を加えpHを5.7に調整し、活性炭を0.25%、ジェランガム(メルク社製)を0.15%となるように加えた固体培地に置床し、温度28℃、相対湿度70%に保持されたインキュベータ内で、1日8時間6000ルクスの光照射下、3〜4ヶ月培養し苗条分化させた。各ホルモン濃度における分化率を表1に示す。サイトカイニンを添加することにより苗条分化率が向上した。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 0003621611
【0035】
(4)幼植物の再生
培養物は、サイトカイニンを倍加しオーキシンを半減した新鮮培地に移植された。新たな葉と根の出現を2〜3ヶ月毎に観察した。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により、ココヤシ未分化雄花組織片から高い確率で肥大化組織塊を誘導できると共に効率的に苗条分化させることができ、ココヤシ幼植物を正確且つ再現性よく再生することが可能となる。これにより、均一な形質を有するココヤシを大量に生産することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】肥大化組織塊の写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a coconut plant from coconut undifferentiated male flower cells.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Oils and fats obtained from coconut are extremely important oils and fats used as raw materials in various industries, and various varieties improvement attempts have been made so far, including crossing between fertile and ordinary varieties for the purpose of increasing production of coconut seeds. Has been made.
[0003]
On the other hand, in recent years, the technology of plant tissue culture has advanced, and a method of obtaining a cloned plant having the same gene composition as the parent plant has been attempted in various plant species. In coconut palm, dedifferentiated tissue (callus) is also derived from its inflorescence. A method for obtaining a regenerated solid by induction (Proc. Intl. Conf. On Cocoa and Coconuts., “Clonal Propagation of Coconut Palm” 1984, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-85071), directly without inducing callus from undifferentiated male flower tissue A method for restoring normal individuals (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-4123) is known.
[0004]
However, these methods are still not sufficient to regenerate plants with high reproducibility, stability and high frequency, and there is still room for study on the culture conditions such as the type of hormone used and the appropriate concentration. was there.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for regenerating a plant body from an undifferentiated male flower tissue of coconut without a callus, having a high reproducibility and a method for restoring a normal individual more frequently. is there.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of studying a method for directly regenerating a plant body from a coconut undifferentiated male flower tissue piece, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using a specific medium and selecting specific culture conditions. The present invention has been completed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention relates to a method for regenerating a plant body from an explant of an undifferentiated male flower tissue of coconut, wherein (a) the explant of an undifferentiated male flower tissue of coconut is used as a plant hormone in the dark. A process of inducing an enlarged tissue mass by culturing in a solid medium containing only 40 to 60 ppm of naphthaleneacetic acid; (b) the enlarged tissue mass is subjected to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 5 to 15 under light irradiation; ppm, 6- benzyladenine 2.5 to 7.5 ppm and isopentenyladenine 2.5 steps by culturing in a medium to shoot differentiation containing 7.5 ppm, then (c)該苗Article plantlets from differentiated somatic The present invention provides a method for regenerating a coconut palm plant, characterized in that the step of regenerating is performed.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method for regenerating a coconut palm body of the present invention comprises steps (a) to (c), and each step will be described below.
[0009]
(A) Induction of an enlarged tissue mass (outgrowth) Induction to an enlarged tissue mass is performed by using a solid medium containing, in the dark, an explant of a coconut undifferentiated male tissue in an auxin 40-60 ppm as a plant hormone. It is performed by culturing.
[0010]
Here, the enlarged tissue mass refers to a vegetative growth structure derived from an explant.
[0011]
The coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) used in the present invention may be any of ordinary species, dwarf species, and hybrid species, and the decree of coconut palm is arbitrary, and the young deciduous tree in which the first inflorescence is formed. Can be used arbitrarily from those of several decades.
[0012]
Coco is a continuous inflorescence, and about 20 inflorescences with different maturation states are obtained from one individual. That is, a series of inflorescences having different maturity stages are obtained from the most immature inflorescence to the mature inflorescence just before flowering. The inflorescence used in the present invention has an outer spathe length of the immature inflorescence. A stage in the range of 30 to 70 mm is used. When the culm length exceeds this range, browning of the explant is extremely difficult to cultivate, and when the culm length is less than this range, the formation of an enlarged tissue mass from the explant is extremely difficult. It is rare and unfavorable.
[0013]
As for explants, inflorescences of coconut palm trees are removed aseptically, and undifferentiated male flower parts of the inflorescence are obtained from Yeu liquids Y-3 liquid medium (Physiol. Plant., 36, 23, 1976), etc. It can be extracted by cutting to a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0 mm.
[0014]
The solid medium for culturing the extracted explants is a known amorphous liquid medium as a basic medium, to which a carbon source and a plant hormone are added, and a desired pH, specifically, pH 5.0-6. After adjusting to 5, it can be prepared by adding activated carbon and further solidifying by adding a gelling agent.
[0015]
Examples of the basic medium include Murashige and Skog medium, Y-3 medium, white medium, Gambolg (B5) medium, Blancton and Break medium (Proc. Intl. Conf. On Cocoa and Coconuts., “Clonal Propagation of. Cocont Palm "1984), or those obtained by improving the composition of these media can be used, among which Y-3 media and Blanton and Blake media are preferred.
[0016]
As a carbon source, fructose, maltose and the like can be used in addition to sucrose and glucose, and sucrose is preferable.
Such a carbon source is preferably added to the medium in an amount of 1 to 5%, particularly 2 to 4%.
[0017]
As plant hormones used in this step, only auxins such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are used in a medium concentration of 40 to 60 ppm. In particular, it is preferable to add naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to about 50 ppm because it suppresses the expression of callus-like bodies and improves the induction rate of the enlarged tissue mass.
[0018]
As the gelling agent, agar, agarose, polysaccharides produced by bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (for example, gellan gum (manufactured by Merck), etc.) can be used, and polysaccharides produced by bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas are particularly preferred. The amount used varies depending on the type of gelling agent, but 0.05 to 1.5%, particularly 0.1 to 0.3% is preferably added to the medium.
[0019]
Moreover, 0.05 to 1% of activated carbon is added to the medium for the purpose of removing harmful substances.
[0020]
In addition to the above components, vitamins, amino acids, other organic substances, and the like can be added to such a medium as necessary.
[0021]
The culture in this step is performed in the dark, and is usually performed at a temperature of 20 to 35 ° C, preferably 25 to 30 ° C for 1 to 3 months, preferably about 2 months.
[0022]
(B) Sprout differentiation Sprout differentiation is performed by culturing the enlarged tissue mass obtained in (a) in a medium containing auxin 5-15 ppm and cytokinin 5-15 ppm as plant hormones under light irradiation. .
[0023]
As the auxin used in this step, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is preferably used. Moreover, the addition amount is the range of 5-15 ppm, and 8-12 ppm is especially preferable.
[0024]
In addition, as the cytokinin used in this step, synthetic cytokinins such as 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), 6-furfuraminopterin, tetrahydropyranylbenzyladenine, isopentenyladenine (2-iP), isopentenyladenosine, Natural cytokinins such as zeatin can be mentioned, and it is particularly preferable to use 6-benzyladenine and isopentenyladenine at a concentration of 2.5 to 7.5 ppm, preferably 4 to 6 ppm.
[0025]
For the solid medium, the above plant hormones (auxin and cytokinin), the same carbon source as in step (a), was added to the liquid medium, and this was adjusted to the desired pH, specifically pH 5.0 to 6.5. Thereafter, it is prepared by adding activated carbon and further solidifying by adding the same gelling agent as in step (a).
[0026]
The culture in this step is performed under light irradiation, and is usually performed at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C., preferably 27 to 29 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65 to 80%. The light irradiation is performed by irradiating a light source of 500 to 20000 lux, preferably 6000 lux, usually for 5 to 24 hours, preferably 8 hours per day.
[0027]
Under such conditions, culturing usually for about 2 to 4 months causes differentiation of foliage and adventitious roots.
[0028]
(C) Regeneration of seedlings Regeneration of seedlings can be carried out by transplanting shoot differentiation into a fresh medium and culturing for 2 to 3 months under light irradiation. The kind and amount of the plant hormone added to the medium used here are not particularly limited, and any auxin and cytokinin can be used. For cytokinin, auxin is twice the concentration used in step (b). In particular, a case where the concentration is adjusted to 1/2 is particularly preferable. The carbon source, activated carbon and gelling agent added to the medium can be the same as those used in the steps (a) and (b), and the culture is basically the step (b). It can be performed under the same conditions as those used in.
[0029]
Under such conditions, seedlings are usually regenerated by culturing for about 2 to 4 months.
[0030]
【Example】
Example 1
(1) Explant explant removal Cut coconuts, aseptically extract inflorescences of a series of stages with an outer spathe length of 30-70 mm, and in liquid Y-3 basal medium 0.5- The tissue was sliced to a thickness of 1.0 mm to obtain explants.
[0031]
(2) Induction of bloated tissue mass To Y-3 basic medium, NAA is added to 50 ppm, sucrose is added to 3%, activated carbon is added to 0.25%, and dielan gum (made by Merck) is added to 0.15%, pH Was placed on a solid medium adjusted to 5.7, and cultured at 28 ° C. in the dark. In about 2 months, an enlarged tissue mass (outgrowth) was induced (induction rate: 45 ± 4.5%) (FIG. 1), and no callus-like body was observed.
[0032]
In addition, when the same operation was performed on a standard medium without auxin, the induction rate of the enlarged tissue mass was 28.8 ± 8.8%, and the expression rate of callus-like bodies was 9.41 ± 9.7. %Met.
[0033]
(3) The enlarged tissue mass is separated from the shoot differentiated explant, and this is added to a Y-3 basic medium with 10 to 20 ppm 2,4-D, cytokinin (6-BA 1 or 5 ppm, 2-iP 1 or 5 ppm). ), Adjusted to pH 5.7 by adding 3% sucrose, placed on a solid medium added with 0.25% activated carbon and 0.15% gellan gum (manufactured by Merck) at a temperature of 28 The shoots were differentiated by culturing for 3 to 4 months under light irradiation of 6000 lux for 8 hours a day in an incubator maintained at 70 ° C. and a relative humidity of 70%. Table 1 shows the differentiation rate at each hormone concentration. Addition of cytokinin improved the shoot differentiation rate.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003621611
[0035]
(4) The regenerated culture of seedlings was transplanted to a fresh medium in which cytokinin was doubled and auxin was halved. Appearance of new leaves and roots was observed every 2-3 months.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, an enlarged tissue mass can be induced with high probability from a coconut undifferentiated male flower tissue piece and can be efficiently differentiated into shoots, and a coconut seedling can be regenerated accurately and reproducibly. . Thereby, a coconut palm with a uniform character can be produced in large quantities.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an enlarged tissue mass.

Claims (1)

ココヤシの未分化雄花組織の外植片から植物体を再生する方法であっ て、(a)ココヤシの未分化雄花組織の外植片を、暗黒下で、植物ホルモンとしてナフ タレン酢酸40〜60ppmのみを含む固体培地で培養して肥大化組織塊を誘導する工程 、(b)該肥大化組織塊を、光照射下で、2,4−ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸5〜15pp m、6−ベンジルアデニン2.5〜7.5ppm及びイソペンテニルアデニン2.5〜7 .5ppmを含む培地で培養して苗条分化させる工程、次いで(c)該苗条分化体から幼 植物体を再生させる工程、を行うことを特徴とするココヤシ植物体の再生方法。A method for regenerating a plant body from an explant of an undifferentiated male flower tissue of coconut, comprising: A step of inducing an enlarged tissue mass by culturing in a solid medium containing 2, (b) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 5-15 ppm, 6-benzyladenine 2. 5-7.5 ppm and isopentenyl adenine 2.5-7 . A method for regenerating a coconut plant, comprising the steps of: culturing in a medium containing 5 ppm to differentiate shoots, and then (c) regenerating seedlings from the shoots differentiated.
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