JP3620871B2 - How to transport dehydrated cakes and other pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To establish a pipe transport method with water for dehydrated cakes etc. which is free from risk of too much increase in the water content of sludge, free from clogging, and can perform a long distance conveying. CONSTITUTION:Using a water inject device 22, water is injected between the periphery of a dehydrated cake M and the internal circumferential wall of a conveyance pipe 20, and thereby the dehydrated cake M is conveyed. The measured intra-pipe absolute pressure P' of the transport object is compared with the target absolute pressure P. If they are identical approximately, it is considered that the lubricant injecting amount is proper substantially, and alteration of the injecting amount should remain to a minor degree even if the measured pressure loss DELTAP' and target pressure loss DELTAP differ. If the two values are not identical, it is judged that the current injecting amount is not proper, and a relatively large width of alteration should take place, and also a comparatively large alteration is made in case the measured pressure loss and target pressure loss differ.

Description

上記表１において、Ｐは、水注入装置２２の上流側の圧力計３５が設けられている地点における目標絶対圧力で、制御装置４０の記憶手段に記憶されている。Ｐ’は圧力計３５で計測される測定絶対圧力を示している。また△Ｐは、水注入装置２２の下流側における目標圧力損失あるいは圧力勾配で、この目標圧力損失も記憶手段に記憶されている。△Ｐ’は、圧力計３６、３７で計測される測定圧力損失を示している。
【００２２】
▲１▼ 制御装置４０の比較手段は、記憶されている目標絶対圧力Ｐと、圧力計３５で計測される測定絶対圧力Ｐ’とを比較する。目標絶対圧力Ｐと測定絶対圧力Ｐ’とが等しければ（Ｐ＝Ｐ’）、圧力計３５が設けられている地点における絶対圧力は目標通りであり、この場合は注入量を大きく変更する必要のない場合である。
（イ）この場合、さらに水注入装置２２の下流側における目標圧力損失△Ｐと、測定圧力損失△Ｐ’とが等しければ（△Ｐ＝△Ｐ’）、圧力勾配も等しく、輸送パイプ２０内の圧力勾配は図２に示されているようになり、水は過不足無く注入されている。したがって、制御装置４０は現在の番地を指定し、注入量は現状が維持される。
（ロ）測定圧力損失△Ｐ’が目標圧力損失△Ｐより小さい（△Ｐ＞△Ｐ’）と、多少多めに水が注入されていることになる。制御装置４０は、−１あるいは−２番地を適宜指定する。これらの番地は、前述したようにテーブル化されており、水の注入量は指定された量に減らされる補正が行われる。
（ハ）測定圧力損失△Ｐ’が目標圧力損失△Ｐより大きい（△Ｐ＜△Ｐ’）と、輸送パイプ内の摩擦抵抗が大きく水が不足しているときであるので、制御装置４０は、例えば＋１番地を指定する。これにより、水の注入量は指定された量がけ増加される。
▲２▼ 測定絶対圧力Ｐ’が目標絶対圧力Ｐより小さい（Ｐ＞Ｐ’）ときは、概略的に見ると水の注入量が多いときである。
（イ）このとき測定圧力損失△Ｐ’と、目標圧力損失△Ｐとが等しいとき（△Ｐ＝△Ｐ’）は、圧力線は平行して下がっている。このときは注入量は減らすべきであり、制御装置４０は例えば−１番を指定し、注入量は少し減らされる。
（ロ）測定圧力損失△Ｐ’が目標圧力損失△Ｐより小さい（△Ｐ＞△Ｐ’）ときは、絶対圧力Ｐ’も小さく、測定圧力損失△Ｐ’も下がり過ぎの時である。このときは、制御装置４０は、例えば−２番地を指定し、水の注入量は多めに減量される。
（ハ） 測定圧力損失△Ｐ’が目標圧力損失△Ｐより大きい（△Ｐ＜△Ｐ’）ときは、絶対圧力Ｐ’は下がっているが、輸送パイプ内の摩擦抵抗が大きくなっているので、制御装置４０は、例えば＋１番地を指定する。これにより、水の注入量は指定された量がけ増加される。
▲３▼ 測定絶対圧力Ｐ’が目標絶対圧力Ｐより大きい（Ｐ＜Ｐ’）ときは、概略的に見ると水の注入量が少なく、輸送パイプ内の抵抗が大きくなっている。
（イ）このとき測定圧力損失△Ｐ’と、目標圧力損失△Ｐとが等しい（△Ｐ＝△Ｐ’）ときは、圧力線は平行して上昇している。このときは注入量を増やす必要がある。制御装置４０は例えば＋１番を指定し、注入量は増加する。
（ロ）測定圧力損失△Ｐ’が目標圧力損失△Ｐより小さい（△Ｐ＞△Ｐ’）ときは、水の注入量は適当であり、絶対圧力Ｐ’も下がり傾向にあるとも見ることもできる。このときは、現状維持でも良いし、または多少減らす。制御装置４０は、例えば０〜−１番地を指定する。
（ハ）測定圧力損失△Ｐ’が目標圧力損失△Ｐより大きい（△Ｐ＜△Ｐ’）ときは、絶対圧力Ｐ’は上昇し、しかも測定圧力損失△Ｐ’も大きくなって輸送パイプ内の摩擦抵抗が大きく、輸送パイプ内閉塞の恐れもあるので、制御装置４０は、例えば＋４番地を指定する。これにより、水の注入量は大幅に増加される。
【００２３】
次に、本発明の第２実施例を説明する。上記実施例では、水注入装置２２の上流側に設けられている圧力計３５で、絶対圧力が測定され、そして目標圧力と比較されているが、絶対圧力に代えて圧力損失を測定し、この測定圧力損失と目標圧力損失とを比較するように実施することもできる。すなわち目標圧力損失と測定圧力損失とが等しければ、水注入装置２２の上流側における圧力損失は目標通りであり、この場合は注入量を大きく変更する必要のない場合である。
（イ）この場合、さらに水注入装置２２の下流側における目標圧力損失△Ｐと、測定圧力損失△Ｐ’とが等しければ（△Ｐ＝△Ｐ’）、圧力勾配も等しく、輸送パイプ２０内の圧力勾配は図２に示されているようになり、水は過不足無く注入されている。したがって、制御装置４０は現在の番地を指定し、注入量は現状
が維持される。以下段落
【００２２】で説明したようにして水注入装置２２からの注入量を制御する。
【００２４】
次に、本発明の第３実施例を説明する。パイプ輸送装置自体は、前述した実施例と略同様で、図には示されていないが、水注入装置２１、２２、…の上流側に所定の間隔をおいて圧力計は２個宛設けられている。第３実施例の制御装置４０’は、図４に示されているように上流側制御手段４１、下流側制御手段４２、タイマ回路４３、スイッチ回路４４等から構成されている。上流側制御手段４１は、タイマ回路４３を介してスイッチ回路４４に接続され、下流側制御手段４２はスイッチ回路４４に直接接続されている。スイッチ回路４４は、スイッチ動作をする例えばトランジスタから構成され、上流側制御手段４１からの動作信号が印可されると、この動作信号が水注入装置２１、２２、…のモータ２４、２５、…に出力され、下流側制御手段４２の動作信号はオフされる。これに対し、上流側制御手段４１からの動作信号が印可されないときは、下流側制御手段４２の動作信号がモータ２４、２５、…に出力されるようになっている。なお、動作信号については、次の作用の箇所で説明する。
【００２５】
制御装置４０’は、第１実施例と同様に水分測定器３６から入力される信号により汚泥Ｍの含水量が演算する演算機能、輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニット１１に設けられている近接スイッチ１５、１６で検知される信号を演算処理し、ピストン１３の押し速度すなわち汚泥Ｍの輸送速度を演算する演算機能、水注入装置２１、２２、…の上流側に設けられている圧力計３１、３５、…から入力される汚泥Ｍの圧力に基づいて、水注入装置２１、２２、…の上流側における測定圧力損失率△Ｐを演算する演算機能、水注入装置２１、２２、…の下流側に設けられている圧力計３２、３３、３６、３７、…から入力される汚泥Ｍの管内の測定圧力損失△Ｐ’を演算する演算機能等を備えている。
なお、図には示されていないが、水注入装置２１、２２、…の上流側に１個の圧力計を設け、管内の測定圧力損失△Ｐの代わりに測定圧力変化率△Ｐ／△Ｔを演算するように実施することもできる。
【００２６】
上流側制御手段４１は、演算された測定圧力損失△Ｐあるいは圧力変化率△Ｐ／△Ｔと、第１、２基準値Ａ、Ａ’とを比較する比較機能等を備えている。そして比較した結果により制御動作信号を出力する。また下流側制御手段４２は、測定圧力損失△Ｐ’と設定値Ｂとの偏差量が零になるように、モータ２４、２５、…の回転数を制御する動作信号を出力する。
【００２７】
次に、前述した図１、４および制御手順を示す図３のフロチャートにより、汚泥Ｍを輸送する方法について説明する。前述した第１実施例と同様にして供給装置１のホッパ２に汚泥Ｍを入れ、モータ５を起動してスクリュウフイーダ３を駆動する。そうすると、汚泥Ｍはスクリュウフイーダ３によりシリンダ４の前方に送られる。汚泥Ｍは所定の押込圧で輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニット１１に押し込まれる。
駆動用のピストン・シリンダユニット１２に圧油を給排して輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニット１１を往復駆動する。そうすると、前述した公報にも開示されているように、汚泥Ｍは輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニット１１に吸い込まれ、そして輸送パイプ２０中に圧入される。したがって、汚泥Ｍは輸送パイプ２０中を順次輸送される。輸送される過程で圧密形成装置２７によって汚泥Ｍの外周部に水を通しにくい層が形成され、この層の外側に水注入装置２１から水が注入される。以下、次に説明するように、水注入装置２２、２３から適宜水が注入されて、そして汚泥分散ユニット５０の方へ輸送される。汚泥分散ユニット５０において、汚泥Ｍは、制御された所定間隔に噴射する圧縮空気により所定大きさに切断あるいは分散されて、焼却炉５１のホッパ５２内に排出される。
【００２８】
上記のようにして汚泥Ｍを輸送するとき、汚泥Ｍの含水率、比重等の物理的性質、汚泥Ｍの輸送予定速度、輸送パイプ２０の配管状況等から適量な注水量を予測し、水注入装置２１〜２３から注入する。
初めに、上流側制御手段４１の作用を水注入装置２２から注入する例について説明する。汚泥Ｍの含水率は、水分測定器３６から制御装置４０’に入力される。同様に、汚泥Ｍの輸送速度も第１、２近接スイッチ１５、１６の信号に基づいて制御装置４０’により演算される。そして、これらの演算された値に基づいて管内の圧力損失の許容できる最大の第１基準値Ａおよび最小の第２基準値Ａ’を演算する。これらの基準値Ａ、Ａ’は、基本的には汚泥Ｍの含水率、輸送速度、有機物の含有量、粘度等に適宜係数を掛けて決定されるが、輸送パイプ２０の敷設条件例えば勾配、カーブ等の大小、実験による補正値等を加えて演算する。そして制御装置４０’のメモリに呼び込む（ステップＳ１）。
【００２９】
水注入装置２２の上流側に設けられている圧力計３５から汚泥Ｍの測定圧力損失△Ｐを演算する。そしてステップＳ２において汚泥Ｍの測定圧力損失△Ｐと、大きい方の第１基準値Ａとを比較する。測定圧力損失△Ｐの方が大きいときは、摩擦抵抗が大きく、管閉塞の恐れもあるときで、この時は大きな数値の動作信号が選択され上流側制御手段４１から出力される。モータ２５の回転数がタイマ回路４３で設定された所定時間だけ上昇して、水注入装置２２からの水の注入量が所定量だけ増加する（ステップＳ３）。
圧力損失△Ｐの方が小さいときは、ステップＳ３’に行く。ステップＳ３’において同様にして下方の第２基準値Ａ’と比較する。圧力損失△Ｐが下方の基準値Ａ’より小さいときは、汚泥Ｍの摩擦抵抗は小さく水の注入量を減らしても問題がないので、小さな数値の動作信号が上流側制御手段４１から出力される。モータ２５の回転数は落ち、注入量は所定量だけ減少する（ステップＳ５）。
測定圧力損失△Ｐが、第１、２基準値Ａ、Ａ’内にあるときは、上流側制御手段４１は動作信号を出力しない。すなわちモータ２５の回転数を増減する信号は出ない。上記ステップＳ２〜Ｓ５を、所定時間毎に実施し、汚泥Ｍの物理的性状の穏やかな大きな変化に対処する。
以上により、汚泥Ｍの輸送速度、含水率等の物理的性状を予め把握し、汚泥Ｍの測定圧力損失△Ｐが最大基準値Ａと、最小基準値Ａ’の範囲内に納まるように制御あるいは修正される。
【００３０】
上記実施例では、水注入装置２２の上流側における測定圧力損失△Ｐと第１、２基準値Ａ、Ａ’とを比較しているが、測定圧力損失△Ｐに代えた測定圧力変化率△Ｐ／△Ｔで実施できることは明らかである。このように実施すると、圧力計が少なくて済む効果が得られる。
【００３１】
次ぎに、下流側制御手段４２の作用について説明する。水注入装置２２の下流側に設けられている圧力計３６、３７から同様にして汚泥Ｍの測定圧力損失△Ｐ’を演算する。そして、演算された測定圧力損失△Ｐ’と、設定値Ｂとを比較し、測定圧力損失△Ｐ’と設定値Ｂとの偏差量が零になるように、スイッチ回路４４に出力する。スイッチ回路４４は、上流側制御手段４１からの信号が印可されないときは、下流側制御手段４２とモータ２５とを導通するので、今度は圧力損失△Ｐ’と設定値Ｂとの偏差量が零になるように、モータ２２の回転数が制御される。
なお、設定値Ｂは、前述したように汚泥Ｍの含水率、輸送速度等の物理的性状から求められ、その値は第１、２基準値のＡ、Ａ’の間に選定される。
【００３２】
上記第３実施例によると、水注入装置２２の上流側に設けられている圧力計３５で計測される汚泥Ｍの測定圧力損失△Ｐが、第１、２基準値Ａ、Ａ’と比較され、水注入量が一時的に制御されるので、すなわち水注入装置２２の上流側において早期に水注入量が適量であるか否か判断され、そして圧力計３５の下流側の水注入装置２２からの注入量が制御さるので、輸送条件が急変しても管内閉塞が生じるようなことはない。また注入過多になるようなこともない。
【００３３】
最後に、本発明の第４実施例を説明する。上記第３実施例では、汚泥Ｍの測定圧力損失の△Ｐが、第１、２基準値Ａ、Ａ’と比較されているが、第４実施例では測定絶対圧と目標絶対圧とを比較して、水注入量を一時的に制御するように構成される。すなわち制御ブロック線図としては示されていないが、水注入装置２１〜２３の上流側に圧力計３１、３５、…を１個宛設け、これらの圧力計３１、３５、…で計測される測定絶対圧力と、目標絶対圧力とを比較して上流側制御を行う。下流側の制御は、前述した第３実施例と同様に行う。本実施例によっても前述した第３実施例と同様な効果が得られることは明らかである。
【００３４】
上記説明においては、便宜上、主として１個の水注入装置２２から注入する例について説明したが、輸送パイプ２０の全長にわたって複数個の水注入装置２１〜２３が設けられているときも略同様に注入量を制御する。しかしながら、圧力計３１〜３７で計測される測定絶対圧力あるいは圧力損失の異常は、計測した圧力計３１〜３７の下流側において水注入不足、過多等が原因になって上流側に影響しているので、実施例としては具体的に示されていないが、下流側から順に注入量を制御するように実施するのが望ましい。例えば複数個の圧力計が同時に異常を計測したときには、最下流の水注入装置からの注入量を前述したように制御すると、異常は解消される。解消しないときは、その上流側にも原因があるので、最下流から２番目の水注入装置からの注入量を同様に制御する。以下、異常が解消しないときは、順次上流側へ向かって注入量を制御する。
これに対し、複数個の圧力計が同時に異常を計測したとき、全ての水注入装置からの注入量を同時に制御すると、必要としない水注入装置も制御することになるが、前述したように下流側から注入量を順次制御することにより、この問題が避けられる。
【００３５】
本発明は、上記した第１〜４の実施例に限定されることなく、色々な形で実施できる。例えば、上記実施例では、水注入装置２１〜２３の上流側には圧力計３１、３５、…が１個宛設けられ、下流側には圧力計３２、３２〜３６、３７、…は２個宛設けられているが、こられの圧力計２１〜…３７は、水注入装置２１〜２３に関連して適宜設けておき、測定絶対圧力Ｐ’および測定圧力損失△Ｐ’、変化率△Ｐ／△Ｔ等を制御装置４０で演算することもできる。
また、上記実施例では、輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニット１１に設けられている第１、２近接スイッチ１５、１６の検出時間差から、汚泥Ｍの輸送速度を単純に演算しているが、輸送速度は汚泥Ｍの単位時間当たりの輸送量と、輸送パイプ２０の径とから演算することもできる。このときの輸送量は、本出願人が特願平５ー１４６７６３号で提案中の方法によって測定することもできる。この方法は、輸送用のポンプピストン・シリンダユニットにより搬送物を圧送するとき、輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニットの単位時間当たりのストローク数Ｓｔを輸送用のピストン・シリンダユニットに設けられている第１、２近接スイッチで計測し、搬送物の充填効率ηを輸送用のポンプピストン・シリンダユニットから吐出される搬送物の圧力波形から求め、そして比重ρは密度計で求めて、制御装置により単位時間当たりの輸送量Ｑを次式により演算するようになっている。
Ｑ＝Ｖ×Ｓｔ×η×ρ Ｖは、輸送用のシリンダの容積である。
この輸送量Ｑを輸送パイプ２０の径で割って汚泥Ｍの輸送速度を得ることもできる。この方法で輸送速度を測定すると、より正確な値が得られる。
なお、水以外のオイル等の滑剤でも同様に実施できることは明らかである。
【００３６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によると、脱水ケーキ等の搬送物の外周部と輸送パイプの内周壁との間に滑剤注入装置から滑剤を注入して搬送物を輸送するとき、滑材注入装置の上流側における搬送物の輸送パイプ内の目標絶対圧と測定絶対圧あるいは目標圧力損失と測定圧力損失とを比較すると共に、下流側における目標圧力損失と測定圧力損失とを比較して、その大小によって滑剤の注入量を制御するので、すなわち前記測定絶対圧が前記目標絶対圧と一致すると共に、前記測定圧力損失が前記目標圧力損失と一致しているときは、そのままの注入量を維持し、前記測定圧力損失が前記目標圧力損失より小さいときは注入量を減らすように、大きいときは増すように制御し、前記測定絶対圧が前記目標絶対圧よりも小さいと共に、前記測定圧力損失が前記目標圧力損失と一致しているときは、注入量を減らすように、前記測定圧力損失が前記目標圧力損失より小さいときは注入量を減らすように、大きいときは増すように制御し、前記測定絶対圧が前記目標絶対圧より大きいと共に、前記測定圧力損失が前記目標圧力損失と一致しているときは、注入量を増やすように、前記測定圧力損失が前記目標圧力損失より小さいときは、そのままの注入量を略維持し、大きいときは増すように制御するので、輸送パイプの配管経路の変更、滑剤の漏洩現象等が生じ、輸送パイプ内の圧力が急変しても管内閉塞は避けられるし、また過剰注入するようなこともない、という本発明に特有の効果が得られる。
請求項３または４記載の発明によると、滑剤の注入量を、滑剤注入装置の上流側における搬送物の管内の測定圧力損失あるいは測定絶対圧力が第１基準値より大きいときは増やすように、第２基準値より小さいときは減らすように制御する上流側制御と、滑剤注入装置の下流側における搬送物の管内の測定圧力損失あるいは測定圧力変化率と設定値とを比較し、その偏差量が零になるように制御する下流側制御とにより制御し、上流側制御により制御しているときは下流側制御をオフするので、搬送物の輸送速度、含水率、粘度等の物理的性状の急変にも対応できる。またこれらの物理的性状を予め把握して滑剤の注入量を制御できる。これにより、偏差量が零になるように制御する下流側制御が容易になる。
請求項６記載の発明によると、所定間隔をおいて複数箇所にわたって設けられている滑剤注入装置から同様にして滑剤が注入されるので、輸送パイプの全長にわたって圧力損失が略一定になり、長距離輸送が可能となる。また複数箇所から注入されるので、その内の滑剤注入装置あるいは制御装置にトラブルが発生しても、他の装置がこれを補完するので、輸送システム信頼性が向上する効果も得られる。
請求項７記載の発明によると、搬送物の外周部を滑剤難浸透層で覆い、該滑剤難浸透層の外周部と輸送パイプの内周壁との間に滑剤を注入するので、上記の効果に加えて、滑剤がパイプの内周壁近くに長く留まり、滑剤の注入箇所を減らすことができるという、効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施に使用されるパイプ輸送装置の実施例を示す模式図である。
【図２】本発明の第１実施例の制御例を示すグラフである。
【図３】本発明の第３実施例の制御例を示すブロック線図である。
【図４】本発明の第３実施例の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
１ 供給装置
１０ ポンプ装置
２０ 輸送パイプ
２１〜２３ 水注入装置
２４〜２６ ポンプ
２７ 圧密形成装置
３１〜３５ 圧力計
３６ 水分測定器
４０、４０’ 制御装置
４１ 上流側制御手段
４２ 下流側制御手段
Ａ 最大基準値（第１基準値）
Ａ’ 最小基準値（第２基準値）[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for transporting a pipe such as a dehydrated cake, in which a lubricant is injected between the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe and the outer peripheral portion of the transported article when transporting the transported object such as a dehydrated cake by a transport pipe. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A pipe transportation method for transporting a transported product such as a dehydrated cake by a transportation pipe is well known in the art. It is configured. Therefore, when the transport pipe is laid to the destination and the conveyed product is press-fitted into the transport pipe by the pump, the conveyed product is transported to the destination.
Since the transported goods are transported in a closed space called transport pipes, they have the feature of not polluting the environment, and the area occupied by the pipeline is relatively small compared to the transport amount, and only by changing the piping Since it has an advantage that the transportation route can be changed, it is suitable as a transportation device for transporting a dewatered cake such as sludge to an incinerator.
However, long distance transport is difficult. For example, sludge generated at a sewage treatment plant is dewatered by a filter press and transported to an incinerator and incinerated, but such sludge is dehydrated until the water content is 70% or less. Long-distance transportation is difficult because the fluidity is small and the frictional resistance with the transportation pipe is very large.
Therefore, there is a known pipe transportation method in which a lubricant, such as water, is injected between the inner peripheral wall of the transportation pipe and sludge to reduce the frictional resistance between the transportation pipe and long distance transportation with less power. It has been. The present applicant has also proposed a pipe transportation method in which the amount of lubricant injected is controlled by Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-12160.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Due to the high consistency and low fluidity, transported materials such as sludge, which cannot be transported over long distances, can be transported over a long distance to some extent according to the pipe transport method in which the lubricant is injected as described above. I can. However, there are problems. For example, if the frictional resistance between the transport pipes is reduced and transportation is attempted for a long distance with less power, the amount of lubricant injected must be increased, but if the amount of lubricant injected increases, the moisture content increases. The effect of dehydration is reduced. In extreme cases, it may be close to the state before the dehydration treatment by the filter press. Then, it cannot be incinerated unless it is dehydrated again. On the other hand, when the injection amount of the lubricant is reduced, the frictional resistance in the pipe increases, the transportation power increases, and the pipe may be blocked. If it is blocked, the post-processing is very expensive.
Such a problem can be solved to some extent by controlling the injection amount by the differential pressure in the transport pipe disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-12160. However, it may not be able to respond quickly to abnormal pressure changes in the transport pipe. For example, if there is a change in the piping route of the transportation pipe, insufficient control of the injection amount, a leakage phenomenon of the lubricant, that is, a change in physical properties such that the lubricant penetrates into the inside of the conveyed product and the frictional resistance increases rapidly, etc. The absolute pressure in the pipe may rise rapidly, but even if the absolute pressure rises suddenly, the differential pressure does not always change. The amount of injection does not increase and may cause occlusion in the tube. On the other hand, if it descends, it will be injected more than necessary.
[0004]
Furthermore, depending on the physical properties of the conveyed product, the effect of the lubricant does not last, and there is a problem that long-distance transportation is impossible unless the lubricant is frequently injected. Frequent injections increase the number of injection points and increase equipment costs, require a large amount of lubricant, and increase the moisture content of the conveyed product.
Explain in more detail why the lubricant must be injected frequently. For example, a debris cake or other transported material is press-fitted into the transport pipe with the positive displacement pump as described above, but is crushed to be supplied to the positive displacement pump and then press-fitted into the pipe. . The lubricant is injected between the inner peripheral wall of the pipe and the outer peripheral portion of the conveyed product.
However, there is a gap in the crushed transported material, and the lubricant injected into the inner peripheral wall of the pipe gradually enters the inner space, and stays between the inner peripheral wall of the pipe and the outer peripheral part of the transported product. Does not stop. As a result, the effect of the lubricant does not last and must be injected frequently.
[0005]
The present invention is intended to provide a pipe transportation method that solves the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks or problems. Specifically, the moisture content of the conveyed product does not increase, and there is a problem of blockage. The object is to provide a method for transporting pipes such as dewatered cake that can be transported over long distances. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for transporting a pipe such as a dewatered cake, in which the effect of the lubricant is sustained in addition to the above object.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 injects the lubricant from the lubricant injection device between the outer peripheral portion of the transported object such as dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe and transports the transported object. When comparing the target absolute pressure and the measured absolute pressure in the transport pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device, and comparing the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side, depending on the magnitude From the lubricant injection device Control the amount of lubricant injected When the measured absolute pressure matches the target absolute pressure and the measured pressure loss matches the target pressure loss, the injection amount is maintained as it is, and the measured pressure loss is When the pressure is smaller than the target pressure loss, the injection amount is reduced, and when it is larger, the injection volume is controlled to be increased. The measured absolute pressure is smaller than the target absolute pressure, and the measured pressure loss matches the target pressure loss. When the measured pressure loss is smaller than the target pressure loss, control is performed so that the injection amount is decreased, and when the measured pressure loss is larger, the measured absolute pressure is increased to increase the target absolute pressure. When the measured pressure loss is smaller than the target pressure loss, the measured pressure loss is equal to the target pressure loss. Injection volume was substantially maintained, is controlled so as to increase when larger Configured as follows.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the lubricant is injected from the lubricant injection device between the outer peripheral portion of the transported object such as the dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe and transported, the upstream of the lubricant injecting device. In this method, the target pressure loss in the transport pipe of the transported material on the side and the measured pressure loss are compared, and the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side are compared, and the amount of lubricant injected is controlled according to the magnitude. And When the measured pressure loss on the upstream side matches the target pressure loss on the upstream side and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side matches the target pressure loss on the downstream side, the injection amount is maintained as it is. When the measured pressure loss at the downstream side is smaller than the target pressure loss at the downstream side, the injection amount is controlled to decrease, and when it is larger, the control pressure loss is controlled to increase at the upstream side. When the measured pressure loss on the downstream side is equal to the target pressure loss on the downstream side, and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side is smaller than the loss, the measured pressure loss on the downstream side is the target pressure on the downstream side so as to reduce the injection amount. When the pressure is smaller than the loss, control is performed so as to reduce the injection amount, and when it is larger, the pressure is controlled to increase. Is larger than the target pressure loss on the upstream side and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side matches the target pressure loss on the downstream side, the downstream side is increased so as to increase the injection amount. When the measured pressure loss at is smaller than the target pressure loss at the downstream side, the injection amount is maintained as it is, and when it is larger, the pressure is controlled to increase. Configured as follows.
In the invention according to claim 3, when the lubricant is injected from the lubricant injection device between the outer peripheral portion of the transported article such as the dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe and the transported article is transported, the injection amount of the lubricant is Upstream control for controlling to increase when the measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device is larger than the first reference value and to decrease when the measured pressure loss is smaller than the second reference value; When the measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the downstream side of the apparatus is compared with the set value and controlled by the downstream control for controlling the deviation amount to be zero, and controlled by the upstream control Is configured to turn off the downstream control.
In the invention according to claim 4, when the lubricant is injected from the lubricant injection device between the outer peripheral portion of the transported article such as a dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe to transport the transported article, the injection amount of the lubricant is Upstream control for controlling to increase when the measured absolute pressure in the pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device is larger than a first reference value and to decrease when the measured absolute pressure is smaller than a second reference value; When the measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the downstream side of the apparatus is compared with the set value and controlled by the downstream control for controlling the deviation amount to be zero, and controlled by the upstream control This is done to turn off the downstream control. Invention of Claim 5 is described in any one of Claims 1-4. In the transportation method Pressure loss in the pipe Instead of Change rate of pressure loss Use Thus, in the pipe transportation method according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the invention according to claim 6 is injected from a lubricant injection device provided over a plurality of locations at predetermined intervals. And the invention according to claim 7 is the transport method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outer periphery of the conveyed product is covered with a lubricant hardly permeable layer, and the outer periphery of the lubricant hardly permeable layer is It is configured to inject a lubricant between the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe.
[0007]
[Action]
The invention according to claim 1 or 2 operates as follows. That is, the conveyed product is press-fitted into the transport pipe by a positive displacement pump, for example. Then, the conveyed product is sequentially transported through the transport pipe. When transporting the transported material in this way, for example, an appropriate amount of water injection is predicted from physical properties such as moisture content, specific gravity, viscosity, etc. of the transported material, transport speed, piping status of the transport pipe, etc. It inject | pours between the outer peripheral part of a conveyed product, and the inner peripheral wall of a transport pipe.
When transporting as described above, the target absolute pressure and the measured absolute pressure on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device in the transport pipe of the conveyed product are compared. Alternatively, the target pressure loss on the upstream side is compared with the measured pressure loss. Further, the target pressure loss on the downstream side is compared with the measured pressure loss, and the injection amount of the lubricant is controlled according to the magnitude. For example, when the target absolute pressure in the transport pipe of the conveyed product is compared with the measured absolute pressure and is approximately the same, or when the target pressure loss on the upstream side is compared with the measured pressure loss and is approximately the same The injection amount of the lubricant is also generally appropriate. At this time, even if the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side are different, the change of the injection amount is limited to a small amount.
On the other hand, when the target absolute pressure and the measured absolute pressure on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device are different, or when the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss on the upstream side are different, The amount of lubricant injected is insufficient and the frictional resistance in the tube is increased, or the amount of injection is excessive and the frictional resistance in the tube is reduced more than necessary, and the amount of injection is not appropriate. . At this time, if the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side of the lubricant injection device are different, the injection amount is further changed.
The invention according to claim 3 or 4 is similar to the invention according to claim 1, when the conveyed product is press-fitted into the transport pipe by, for example, a positive displacement reciprocating pump, and is sequentially transported through the transport pipe. Predict the appropriate amount of water injection from the physical properties such as rate, specific gravity, viscosity, etc., the planned transportation speed, and the piping situation of the transportation pipe. inject.
At this time, when the measured pressure loss or measured absolute pressure in the pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device is larger than the first reference value, the second reference value is increased so as to increase the injection amount from the lubricant injection device. Control to reduce when it is small. As a result, the physical properties such as the transportation speed and moisture content of the conveyed product are grasped in advance, and the pressure loss or absolute pressure of the conveyed product is controlled to fall within a predetermined range.
When the measured pressure loss or measured absolute pressure in the transport pipe upstream of the lubricant injector is within the first and second reference values, that is, the pressure loss or measured absolute in the transport pipe upstream of the lubricant injector. When the injection amount of the lubricant is not controlled by the pressure, the measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the downstream side of the lubricant injection device is compared with the set value, and the deviation amount is controlled to be zero.
The invention according to claim 5 also operates in substantially the same manner as the inventions according to claims 1 to 4. That is, the injection amount is increased or decreased as described above according to the rate of change of the measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device.
The invention according to claim 6 controls the injection amount when injecting from a plurality of locations at predetermined intervals as described above. When the measured pressure loss or the measured absolute pressure in the pipe of the conveyed product is abnormal, Since an abnormality on the downstream side of the measurement location is measured, the injection amount on the downstream side is controlled. According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the outer peripheral portion of the conveyed product is covered with a lubricant hardly permeable layer, and the lubricant is injected between the outer peripheral portion of the lubricant hardly permeable layer and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe as described above. To do.
[0008]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in which the conveyed product is dehydrated sludge, and the sludge is transported by injecting water as a lubricant to the incinerator or the hopper of the incinerator.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pipe transport apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a supply apparatus 1, a pump apparatus 10, a transport pipe 20, a control apparatus 40, and the like. The supply device 1 pushes and supplies the sludge M from the hopper 2 to the pump device 10, and the sludge M supplied by the supply device 1 is press-fitted into the transport pipe 20 by the pump device 10. And it is conveyed to the incinerator which is a destination by the transport pipe 20, and is discharged | emitted in the hopper 51 of the incinerator 52 from the sludge dispersion | distribution unit 50 attached to the front-end | tip.
[0009]
The supply device 1 includes a hopper 2 having a relatively small capacity as is well known in the art. And in this hopper 2, the sludge M is accommodated. Below the hopper 2, a screw feeder 3 is provided in the horizontal direction. The front end of the cylinder 4 of the screw feeder 3 is bent downward and is connected to a suction port of a pump device 10 described later.
The screw of the screw feeder 3 is driven by a motor 5, and the motor 5 is controlled so that the rotation speed is controlled by, for example, an inverter circuit, and the pushing pressure of the sludge M to the pump device 10 is maintained at a predetermined value. Is done.
[0010]
In the hopper 2, for example, a moisture measuring device 36 for measuring the moisture content of the sludge M is attached, and the moisture or moisture content of the sludge M measured by the moisture measuring device 36 is input to the control device 40. It has become.
[0011]
The pump device 10 is preferably implemented by a positive displacement pump such as a piston pump or a screw pump. In the figure, an example implemented with a piston / cylinder unit is shown. As is well known, this piston / cylinder unit is composed of a cylinder and a piston, and sludge is sucked into the cylinder by the backward movement of the piston and transported from the discharge port by the forward movement.
Such a reciprocating double-row volumetric pump has been proposed by the present applicant in Japanese Patent Application No. 58-60662. This reciprocating double-row volumetric pump is composed of a pair of transport piston / cylinder units for transporting sludge, a drive piston / cylinder unit for driving the units alternately, and these units. A directional switching valve for appropriately switching a provided hydraulic circuit is used.
[0012]
As described above, since the reciprocating double-row type positive displacement pump is well known and disclosed in the applicant's patent application, FIG. 1 shows a piston / cylinder unit 11 for transportation and this unit. 1, a single type reciprocating positive displacement pump comprising a driving piston / cylinder unit 12 for driving 11 is schematically shown.
First and second proximity switches 15 and 16 that are operated by the piston 13 are attached to positions A and B outside the piston / cylinder unit 11 for transportation. The first proximity switch 15 is provided at a position A that operates when the pushing stroke of the piston 13 starts, and the second proximity switch 16 is provided at a position B that operates when the pushing stroke ends. The signals detected by the first and second proximity switches 15 and 16 are input to the control device 40.
[0013]
The transport pipe 20 has a conventionally known structure. The start end of the transport pipe 20 is connected to the discharge side of the transport piston / cylinder unit 11, and a sludge dispersion unit 50 described later is attached to the other end portion.
The transport pipe 20 is provided with water injection devices 21, 22, and 23 at a plurality of locations. The water injection devices 21, 22, 23 are provided with a rotary or reciprocating pump. These pumps are driven by respective motors 24, 25, and 26, and the number of rotations is controlled by the control device 40. Therefore, the amount of water injected into the transport pipe 20 is controlled by the control device 40.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, according to the present embodiment, one pressure gauge is provided upstream of the first water injection device 21. 31 The two pressure gauges 32 and 33 are provided at predetermined intervals on the downstream side thereof. Similarly, in the second water injection device 22, one pressure gauge 35 is provided on the upstream side, and two pressure gauges 36 and 37 are provided on the downstream side at a predetermined interval. . The third and lower water injection devices 23 are similarly provided with pressure gauges, but are not specifically shown in the figure.
And the pressure of the sludge M measured with these pressure gauges 31-37 is input into the control apparatus 40.
[0015]
The transport pipe 20 is provided with a compacting device 27 as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-265637, which is currently proposed in a method for transporting pipes such as dehydrated cake. The compaction forming device 27 forms a high-density layer, that is, a low-penetration lubricant permeation layer that hardly allows the passage of lubricant, for example, water, on the outer peripheral portion of the sludge M to be transported, and in the illustrated embodiment, on the upstream side of the water injection device 21. One is provided.
The consolidation forming apparatus 27 of the first embodiment described in the above Japanese Patent Application No. 5-265637 is roughly composed of an inner tube located inside and a large-diameter outer tube arranged outside the inner tube. It is configured. The inner tube includes a tapered portion that is narrowed toward the downstream side. The outer pipe is paired with the inner pipe, and the length is substantially the same, but the diameter is large, there is a predetermined interval between the tapered portion of the inner pipe, and the outer tube and the tapered portion are An annular supply space is formed between them. Therefore, when the densified sludge obtained by kneading separately is supplied to the annular supply space, it is discharged annularly from the annular slit, and a lubricant-penetrating layer is formed on the outer periphery of the sludge M.
[0016]
The consolidation forming device 27 of the second embodiment described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-265637 includes a diameter-expanded portion whose diameter is gradually increased from the diameter of the transport pipe 20 toward the downstream side, and the diameter-expanded portion. It is comprised from the narrowing part currently reduced in the taper shape from the part to the diameter of the transport pipe 20. Therefore, when the sludge M is transported by the transport pipe 20, frictional resistance is generated between the sludge M and the inner peripheral wall of the throttle part. Due to this frictional resistance, a speed difference between the sludge M is generated in the vicinity of the inner peripheral wall of the throttle part. The sludge M in the vicinity of the inner peripheral wall of the throttle part undergoes a kind of kneading action. In particular, a large frictional resistance is generated at the throttle portion that is sequentially reduced in diameter toward the downstream side as in this embodiment, and a large kneading action is received. Thereby, a high-density layer is formed on the outer periphery of the sludge M. In this way, a lubricant difficult-permeation layer is formed on the outer periphery of the sludge M.
[0017]
The specific structure of the sludge dispersing unit 50 is described in the patent application filed on the same day as the present application, and will not be described in detail. However, the sludge dispersion unit 50 is formed as a tube having a substantially rectangular cross section from the top wall, the bottom wall, and the side wall. Yes. The overall planar shape is substantially fan-shaped. The main part of the sludge dispersion unit 50 is connected to the transport pipe 20.
The thickness of the sludge dispersion unit 50 is substantially the same as the diameter of the transport pipe 20 in the vicinity of the main part, but is reduced so as to be thin in the vicinity of the discharge part. Therefore, the sludge M transported through the transport pipe 20 is sent through the sludge dispersion unit 50 and is gradually flattened in the process of being discharged. The sludge dispersion unit 50 is provided with a plurality of compressed air injection nozzles, and the injection interval of these compressed air injection nozzles is controlled by the control device 40.
[0018]
The control device 40 of the first embodiment is constituted by a conventionally well-known microcomputer, for example, and is provided with calculation means, comparison means, storage means and the like which will be described later. That is, the control device 40 calculates the moisture content of the sludge M input from the moisture measuring device 36 and the signals detected by the proximity switches 15 and 16 provided in the piston / cylinder unit 11 for transportation. The function of calculating the pushing speed of the piston 13, that is, the transport speed of the sludge M, the absolute pressure of the sludge M input from the pressure gauges 31, 35,. A function of calculating P ′, pressure loss ΔP ′ or pressure change rate ΔP ′ / in the transport pipe from the pressure gauges 32, 33 to 36, 37 provided downstream of the water injection devices 21, 22,. A function for calculating ΔT is provided.
Further, a function of comparing the calculated measured absolute pressure P ′ with a target absolute pressure P described in detail later, the calculated measured pressure loss ΔP ′ or the pressure change rate ΔP ′ / ΔT, and the target pressure loss A function for comparing with ΔP is provided. The storage means of the control device 40 stores the target absolute pressure P, the target pressure loss ΔP, the pressure change rate ΔP / ΔT, etc., as well as a table in which the water injection amount is tabulated. ing.
[0019]
The water injection amount table is created in advance based on physical properties such as the transport speed, moisture content, viscosity, and the like of the conveyed product in the transport pipe 20, and for example, the water injection amount is tabulated for each address. Then, the measured absolute pressure P ′ and the target absolute pressure P are compared, and the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ or the pressure change rate ΔP ′ / ΔT is compared with the target pressure loss ΔP. When the address in the water injection amount table is designated based on the operation, an operation signal corresponding to the water injection amount at the designated address is output to the motors 24, 25,.
[0020]
Next, a method for transporting the sludge M will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and the graph of FIG. Sludge M is put into the hopper 2 of the supply device 1 and the motor 5 is activated to drive the screw feeder 3. Then, the sludge M is sent to the front of the cylinder 4 by the screw feeder 3. The sludge M is pushed into the transportation piston / cylinder unit 11 with a predetermined pushing pressure.
Pressure oil is supplied to and discharged from the driving piston / cylinder unit 12 to reciprocate the transportation piston / cylinder unit 11. Then, as disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, the sludge M is sucked into the transport piston / cylinder unit 11 and pressed into the transport pipe 20. Accordingly, the sludge M is sequentially transported through the transport pipe 20. In the process of being transported, a layer that hardly allows water to pass through is formed on the outer periphery of the sludge M by the compaction forming device 27, and water is injected from the water injection device 21 to the outside of this layer. Hereinafter, as will be described below, water is appropriately injected from the water injection devices 22 and 23 and transported toward the sludge dispersion unit 50.
In the sludge dispersion unit 50, the sludge M is cut into a predetermined size by compressed air injected at a predetermined controlled interval and discharged into the hopper 52 of the incinerator 51.
[0021]
When the sludge M is transported as described above, an appropriate amount of water injection is predicted based on the moisture content of the sludge M, the physical properties such as specific gravity, the scheduled transport speed of the sludge M, the piping status of the transport pipe 20, etc. Inject from devices 21-23. And the amount of water injection is controlled as follows.
The pressure gradient AK in the transport pipe 20 is preferably a constant gradient as shown in FIG. That is, the discharge pressure of the transportation piston / cylinder unit 11 is Pmax, and is zero because it is open to the atmosphere at the destination 50. Therefore, ideal transport is possible when the slope is constant as shown in FIG. The storage means of the control device 40 stores the target absolute pressure P and the target pressure loss ΔP or the target pressure change rate ΔP / ΔT at the measurement location of the gradient or the transport pipe 20.
An example of controlling the water injection device 22 will now be described based on Table 1.

In Table 1 above, P is the target absolute pressure at the point where the pressure gauge 35 on the upstream side of the water injection device 22 is provided, and is stored in the storage means of the control device 40. P ′ represents a measured absolute pressure measured by the pressure gauge 35. ΔP is a target pressure loss or pressure gradient on the downstream side of the water injection device 22, and this target pressure loss is also stored in the storage means. ΔP ′ indicates a measured pressure loss measured by the pressure gauges 36 and 37.
[0022]
(1) The comparison means of the control device 40 compares the stored target absolute pressure P with the measured absolute pressure P ′ measured by the pressure gauge 35. If the target absolute pressure P and the measured absolute pressure P ′ are equal (P = P ′), the absolute pressure at the point where the pressure gauge 35 is provided is the target, and in this case, it is necessary to largely change the injection amount. This is the case.
(A) In this case, if the target pressure loss ΔP on the downstream side of the water injection device 22 is equal to the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ (ΔP = ΔP ′), the pressure gradient is equal, and the inside of the transport pipe 20 The pressure gradient is as shown in FIG. 2, and water is injected without excess or deficiency. Therefore, the control device 40 designates the current address, and the current state of the injection amount is maintained.
(B) When the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is smaller than the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP> ΔP ′), a little more water is injected. The control device 40 appropriately designates -1 or -2. These addresses are tabulated as described above, and correction is performed so that the amount of water injected is reduced to a specified amount.
(C) When the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is larger than the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP <ΔP ′), the friction resistance in the transport pipe is large and water is insufficient. For example, address +1 is designated. This increases the amount of water injected by the specified amount.
(2) The measured absolute pressure P ′ is smaller than the target absolute pressure P (P> P ′) when the amount of water injected is large when viewed roughly.
(A) At this time, when the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is equal to the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP = ΔP ′), the pressure lines are lowered in parallel. At this time, the injection amount should be reduced, and the control device 40 designates, for example, -1 and the injection amount is slightly reduced.
(B) When the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is smaller than the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP> ΔP ′), the absolute pressure P ′ is also small and the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is too low. At this time, the control device 40 designates, for example, address -2, and the amount of water injected is reduced by a large amount.
(C) When the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is larger than the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP <ΔP ′), the absolute pressure P ′ is decreased, but the frictional resistance in the transport pipe is increased. For example, the control device 40 designates +1 address. This increases the amount of water injected by the specified amount.
(3) When the measured absolute pressure P ′ is larger than the target absolute pressure P (P <P ′), the amount of water injected is small and the resistance in the transport pipe is large when viewed roughly.
(A) At this time, when the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ and the target pressure loss ΔP are equal (ΔP = ΔP ′), the pressure lines rise in parallel. At this time, it is necessary to increase the injection amount. For example, the control device 40 designates +1 and the injection amount increases.
(B) When the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is smaller than the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP> ΔP ′), the amount of water injected is appropriate, and the absolute pressure P ′ tends to decrease. it can. At this time, the current status may be maintained or reduced somewhat. For example, the control device 40 designates addresses 0 to -1.
(C) When the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is larger than the target pressure loss ΔP (ΔP <ΔP ′), the absolute pressure P ′ rises, and the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ increases to increase in the transport pipe. Since the frictional resistance is large and the transportation pipe may be blocked, the control device 40 designates, for example, +4. This greatly increases the amount of water injected.
[0023]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the above embodiment, the absolute pressure is measured by the pressure gauge 35 provided on the upstream side of the water injection device 22 and compared with the target pressure, but the pressure loss is measured instead of the absolute pressure, It can also be implemented to compare the measured pressure loss with the target pressure loss. In other words, if the target pressure loss is equal to the measured pressure loss, the pressure loss on the upstream side of the water injection device 22 is as intended, and in this case, it is not necessary to greatly change the injection amount.
(A) In this case, if the target pressure loss ΔP on the downstream side of the water injection device 22 is equal to the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ (ΔP = ΔP ′), the pressure gradient is equal, and the inside of the transport pipe 20 The pressure gradient is as shown in FIG. 2, and water is injected without excess or deficiency. Therefore, the control device 40 designates the current address, and the injection amount is the current state.
Is maintained. The following paragraph
As described above, the injection amount from the water injection device 22 is controlled.
[0024]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Although the pipe transportation device itself is substantially the same as the above-described embodiment and is not shown in the drawing, two pressure gauges are provided to the upstream side of the water injection devices 21, 22,. ing. First 3 The control device 40 ′ of the embodiment is shown in FIG. 4 As shown in FIG. 4, the control unit 41 includes an upstream control unit 41, a downstream control unit 42, a timer circuit 43, a switch circuit 44, and the like. The upstream control means 41 is connected to the switch circuit 44 via the timer circuit 43, and the downstream control means 42 is directly connected to the switch circuit 44. The switch circuit 44 is composed of, for example, a transistor that performs a switch operation. When an operation signal from the upstream control unit 41 is applied, the operation signal is transmitted to the motors 24, 25,... Of the water injection devices 21, 22,. The operation signal of the downstream control means 42 is turned off. On the other hand, when the operation signal from the upstream control means 41 is not applied, the operation signal of the downstream control means 42 is output to the motors 24, 25,. The operation signal will be described in the next section.
[0025]
As in the first embodiment, the control device 40 ′ has a calculation function for calculating the water content of the sludge M based on a signal input from the moisture measuring device 36, and a proximity switch 15 provided in the piston / cylinder unit 11 for transportation. , 16, and a pressure gauge 31, 35 provided on the upstream side of the water injection devices 21, 22,..., A calculation function for calculating the pushing speed of the piston 13, that is, the transport speed of the sludge M. A calculation function for calculating a measured pressure loss rate ΔP on the upstream side of the water injection devices 21, 22,... On the downstream side of the water injection devices 21, 22,. A calculation function for calculating the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ in the pipe of the sludge M inputted from the provided pressure gauges 32, 33, 36, 37,.
Although not shown in the figure, a pressure gauge is provided upstream of the water injection devices 21, 22,..., And the measured pressure change rate ΔP / ΔT is substituted for the measured pressure loss ΔP in the pipe. Can also be implemented.
[0026]
The upstream control means 41 has a comparison function for comparing the calculated measured pressure loss ΔP or the pressure change rate ΔP / ΔT with the first and second reference values A and A ′. Then, a control operation signal is output according to the comparison result. Further, the downstream side control means 42 outputs an operation signal for controlling the rotational speed of the motors 24, 25,... So that the deviation amount between the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ and the set value B becomes zero.
[0027]
Next, FIG. 4 And diagram showing control procedure 3 A method for transporting the sludge M will be described with reference to the flowchart. The sludge M is put into the hopper 2 of the supply device 1 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the motor 5 is started to drive the screw feeder 3. Then, the sludge M is sent to the front of the cylinder 4 by the screw feeder 3. The sludge M is pushed into the transportation piston / cylinder unit 11 with a predetermined pushing pressure.
Pressure oil is supplied to and discharged from the driving piston / cylinder unit 12 to reciprocate the transportation piston / cylinder unit 11. Then, as disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, the sludge M is sucked into the transport piston / cylinder unit 11 and pressed into the transport pipe 20. Accordingly, the sludge M is sequentially transported through the transport pipe 20. In the process of being transported, a layer that hardly allows water to pass through is formed on the outer periphery of the sludge M by the compaction forming device 27, and water is injected from the water injection device 21 to the outside of this layer. Hereinafter, as will be described below, water is appropriately injected from the water injection devices 22 and 23 and transported toward the sludge dispersion unit 50. In the sludge dispersion unit 50, the sludge M is cut or dispersed to a predetermined size by compressed air injected at a predetermined controlled interval and discharged into the hopper 52 of the incinerator 51.
[0028]
When the sludge M is transported as described above, an appropriate amount of water injection is predicted based on the moisture content of the sludge M, the physical properties such as specific gravity, the scheduled transport speed of the sludge M, the piping status of the transport pipe 20, etc. Inject from devices 21-23.
First, an example in which the action of the upstream control means 41 is injected from the water injection device 22 will be described. The moisture content of the sludge M is input from the moisture measuring device 36 to the control device 40 ′. Similarly, the transport speed of the sludge M is also calculated by the control device 40 ′ based on the signals of the first and second proximity switches 15 and 16. Based on these calculated values, the maximum first reference value A and the minimum second reference value A ′ that allow the pressure loss in the pipe are calculated. These reference values A and A ′ are basically determined by appropriately multiplying the moisture content of the sludge M, the transportation speed, the organic matter content, the viscosity, etc. The calculation is performed by adding the magnitude of the curve and the like, and an experimental correction value. Then, it calls into the memory of the control device 40 ′ (step S1).
[0029]
The measured pressure loss ΔP of the sludge M is calculated from the pressure gauge 35 provided on the upstream side of the water injection device 22. In step S2, the measured pressure loss ΔP of the sludge M is compared with the larger first reference value A. When the measured pressure loss ΔP is larger, the frictional resistance is larger and there is a possibility of tube blockage. At this time, a large numerical operation signal is selected and output from the upstream side control means 41. The number of rotations of the motor 25 increases for a predetermined time set by the timer circuit 43, and the amount of water injected from the water injection device 22 increases by a predetermined amount (step S3).
If pressure loss △ P is smaller, step S3 'go to. Step S3 Similarly, the comparison is made with the lower second reference value A 'at'. When the pressure loss ΔP is smaller than the lower reference value A ′, the frictional resistance of the sludge M is small and there is no problem even if the amount of water injected is reduced. Therefore, a small numerical operation signal is output from the upstream control means 41. The The rotational speed of the motor 25 decreases, and the injection amount decreases by a predetermined amount (step S5).
When the measured pressure loss ΔP is within the first and second reference values A and A ′, the upstream side control means 41 does not output an operation signal. That is, no signal for increasing or decreasing the rotational speed of the motor 25 is output. The above steps S2 to S5 are performed every predetermined time to cope with a gentle large change in the physical properties of the sludge M.
As described above, physical properties such as the transportation speed and moisture content of the sludge M are grasped in advance, and the control pressure loss ΔP of the sludge M is controlled so as to be within the range of the maximum reference value A and the minimum reference value A ′. Will be corrected.
[0030]
In the above embodiment, the measured pressure loss ΔP on the upstream side of the water injection device 22 is compared with the first and second reference values A and A ′, but the measured pressure change rate Δ in place of the measured pressure loss ΔP is compared. Obviously, it can be implemented with P / ΔT. When implemented in this way, the effect of reducing the pressure gauge can be obtained.
[0031]
Next, the operation of the downstream side control means 42 will be described. Similarly, the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ of the sludge M is calculated from the pressure gauges 36 and 37 provided on the downstream side of the water injection device 22. Then, the calculated measured pressure loss ΔP ′ is compared with the set value B, and output to the switch circuit 44 so that the deviation amount between the measured pressure loss ΔP ′ and the set value B becomes zero. When the signal from the upstream control means 41 is not applied, the switch circuit 44 conducts the downstream control means 42 and the motor 25, so that the deviation amount between the pressure loss ΔP ′ and the set value B is zero. Thus, the rotational speed of the motor 22 is controlled.
The set value B is obtained from the physical properties such as the moisture content of the sludge M and the transport speed as described above, and the value is selected between the first and second reference values A and A ′.
[0032]
According to the third embodiment, the measured pressure loss ΔP of the sludge M measured by the pressure gauge 35 provided on the upstream side of the water injection device 22 is compared with the first and second reference values A and A ′. Since the water injection amount is temporarily controlled, that is, it is determined whether the water injection amount is appropriate at an early stage on the upstream side of the water injection device 22, and from the water injection device 22 on the downstream side of the pressure gauge 35. Therefore, even if the transportation conditions change suddenly, there is no possibility of clogging in the tube. Moreover, there will be no excessive injection.
[0033]
Finally, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the third embodiment, the measured pressure loss ΔP of the sludge M is compared with the first and second reference values A and A ′. In the fourth embodiment, the measured absolute pressure is compared with the target absolute pressure. Thus, the water injection amount is temporarily controlled. That is, although not shown as a control block diagram, one pressure gauge 31, 35,... Is provided upstream of the water injection devices 21 to 23, and measurement measured by these pressure gauges 31, 35,. The upstream side control is performed by comparing the absolute pressure with the target absolute pressure. The downstream control is performed in the same manner as in the third embodiment. It is obvious that the same effect as that of the third embodiment can be obtained by this embodiment.
[0034]
In the above description, for the sake of convenience, an example in which injection is mainly performed from one water injection device 22 has been described. Control the amount. However, the abnormality of the measured absolute pressure or the pressure loss measured by the pressure gauges 31 to 37 affects the upstream side due to insufficient water injection, excess, etc. on the downstream side of the measured pressure gauges 31 to 37. Therefore, although it is not specifically shown as an embodiment, it is desirable to carry out such that the injection amount is controlled in order from the downstream side. For example, when a plurality of pressure gauges measure an abnormality at the same time, the abnormality is eliminated by controlling the injection amount from the water injection device at the most downstream as described above. If not solved, there is also a cause on the upstream side, so the injection amount from the second water injection device from the most downstream is similarly controlled. Hereinafter, when the abnormality is not resolved, the injection amount is sequentially controlled toward the upstream side.
On the other hand, when a plurality of pressure gauges measure an abnormality at the same time, if the injection amount from all the water injection devices is controlled at the same time, the unnecessary water injection devices are also controlled. This problem can be avoided by sequentially controlling the injection volume from the side.
[0035]
The present invention is not limited to the first to fourth embodiments described above, and can be implemented in various forms. For example, in the above embodiment, one pressure gauge 31, 35,... Is provided on the upstream side of the water injection devices 21-23, and two pressure gauges 32, 32-36, 37,. The pressure gauges 21 to 37 are provided as appropriate in relation to the water injection devices 21 to 23, and the measured absolute pressure P ′, the measured pressure loss ΔP ′, and the change rate ΔP. / ΔT or the like can be calculated by the control device 40.
In the above embodiment, the transport speed of the sludge M is simply calculated from the detection time difference between the first and second proximity switches 15 and 16 provided in the transport piston / cylinder unit 11. Can be calculated from the transport amount of the sludge M per unit time and the diameter of the transport pipe 20. The transport amount at this time can also be measured by the method proposed by the present applicant in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-146763. In this method, when the transported object is pumped by the pump piston / cylinder unit for transportation, the number of strokes St per unit time of the piston / cylinder unit for transportation is provided in the first piston / cylinder unit for transportation. Measured with two proximity switches, the filling efficiency η of the conveyed product is obtained from the pressure waveform of the conveyed product discharged from the pump piston / cylinder unit for transportation, and the specific gravity ρ is obtained with a density meter and is controlled by the control unit The per-transport amount Q is calculated by the following equation.
Q = V × St × η × ρ V is the volume of the cylinder for transportation.
The transport rate of the sludge M can also be obtained by dividing the transport amount Q by the diameter of the transport pipe 20. If the transport speed is measured by this method, a more accurate value can be obtained.
It is apparent that the present invention can be similarly carried out using a lubricant such as oil other than water.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when the lubricant is injected from the lubricant injection device between the outer peripheral portion of the transported object such as the dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe, Compare the target absolute pressure and the measured absolute pressure or the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss in the transport pipe of the transported goods on the upstream side, and compare the target pressure loss and the measured pressure loss on the downstream side, depending on the magnitude Since the injection amount of lubricant is controlled, That is, when the measured absolute pressure matches the target absolute pressure and the measured pressure loss matches the target pressure loss, the injection amount is maintained as it is, and the measured pressure loss is greater than the target pressure loss. When the measured absolute pressure is smaller than the target absolute pressure and the measured pressure loss is equal to the target pressure loss, the injection volume is controlled to decrease when it is small and increased when it is large. When the measured pressure loss is smaller than the target pressure loss, control is performed so as to reduce the injected amount, and when it is larger, the measured absolute pressure is larger than the target absolute pressure, so as to reduce the injection amount, When the measured pressure loss is equal to the target pressure loss, the injection amount is increased.When the measured pressure loss is smaller than the target pressure loss, the injection amount is left as it is. Maintaining, since the controls so as to increase when larger In the present invention, a change in the piping route of the transport pipe, a leakage phenomenon of the lubricant, etc. occur, and even if the pressure in the transport pipe changes suddenly, blockage in the pipe is avoided and there is no excessive injection. In A unique effect is obtained.
According to the third or fourth aspect of the present invention, the injection amount of the lubricant is measured by measuring the pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product or measuring the upstream side of the lubricant injection device. Absolute An upstream control that controls to increase when the pressure is greater than the first reference value and to decrease when the pressure is less than the second reference value; The rate of change is compared with the set value, and the control is performed by the downstream control that controls the deviation amount to be zero. When the control is performed by the upstream control, the downstream control is turned off. It can handle sudden changes in physical properties such as transport speed, moisture content, and viscosity. In addition, the amount of lubricant injected can be controlled by grasping these physical properties in advance. This facilitates downstream control for controlling the deviation amount to be zero.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the lubricant is injected in the same manner from the lubricant injection device provided at a plurality of locations at a predetermined interval, the pressure loss becomes substantially constant over the entire length of the transport pipe, and the long distance Transport is possible. Moreover, since it inject | pours from several places, even if a trouble generate | occur | produces in the lubricant injection apparatus or control apparatus in it, since another apparatus supplements this, the effect which improves a transport system reliability is also acquired.
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the outer periphery of the conveyed product is covered with the lubricant hardly permeable layer, and the lubricant is injected between the outer periphery of the lubricant hardly permeable layer and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe. In addition, the effect that the lubricant stays in the vicinity of the inner peripheral wall of the pipe for a long time and the number of injection sites of the lubricant can be reduced is obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a pipe transportation device used in the practice of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a control example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control example of the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Supply device
10 Pump device
20 Transport pipe
21-23 Water injection device
24-26 pump
27 Compaction forming device
31-35 Pressure gauge
36 Moisture analyzer
40, 40 'control device
41 Upstream control means
42 Downstream control means
A Maximum reference value (first reference value)
A 'Minimum reference value (second reference value)

Claims (7)

When transporting the transported goods by injecting the lubricant from the lubricant injection device between the outer periphery of the transported object such as dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe,
While compared with the target absolute pressure and the measured absolute pressure in the transport pipe conveyed on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device compares the target pressure loss measured pressure loss in the downstream side, the lubricant injection device by its magnitude A method of controlling the amount of lubricant injected from
The measured absolute pressure (P ′) matches the target absolute pressure (P) (P = P ′), and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) matches the target pressure loss (ΔP). When (ΔP = ΔP ′), the injection amount is maintained as it is, and when the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) is smaller than the target pressure loss (ΔP) (ΔP> ΔP ′) The amount is controlled so as to increase when it is large (ΔP <ΔP ′),
The measured absolute pressure (P ′) is smaller than the target absolute pressure (P) (P> P ′), and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) matches the target pressure loss (ΔP). When (ΔP = ΔP ′), in order to reduce the injection amount, when the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) is smaller than the target pressure loss (ΔP) (ΔP> ΔP ′), the injection amount Is controlled so as to increase when it is large (ΔP <ΔP ′),
The measured absolute pressure (P ′) is larger than the target absolute pressure (P) (P <P ′), and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) matches the target pressure loss (ΔP) ( When ΔP = ΔP ′), the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) is smaller than the target pressure loss (ΔP) (ΔP> ΔP ′) so as to increase the injection amount. The injection amount is substantially maintained and is controlled to increase when the injection amount is large (ΔP <ΔP ′) .
A method for transporting dehydrated cake and other pipes. When transporting the transported goods by injecting the lubricant from the lubricant injection device between the outer periphery of the transported object such as dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe,
The target pressure loss in the transport pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device is compared with the measured pressure loss, and the target pressure loss on the downstream side is compared with the measured pressure loss. A method of controlling
The measured pressure loss on the upstream side matches the target pressure loss on the upstream side, and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side matches the target pressure loss (ΔP) on the downstream side ( When ΔP = ΔP ′), the injection amount is maintained as it is, and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side is smaller than the target pressure loss (ΔP) on the downstream side (ΔP> ΔP ') Control to reduce the injection amount when large (ΔP <ΔP'), and increase to increase when
The measured pressure loss on the upstream side is smaller than the target pressure loss on the upstream side, and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side matches the target pressure loss (ΔP) on the downstream side ( When ΔP = ΔP ′), the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side is smaller than the target pressure loss (ΔP) on the downstream side (ΔP> ΔP ′) so as to reduce the injection amount. ) Control to reduce the injection volume when large (ΔP <ΔP ′)
The measured pressure loss on the upstream side is larger than the target pressure loss on the upstream side, and the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side matches the target pressure loss (ΔP) on the downstream side (Δ When P = ΔP ′), the measured pressure loss (ΔP ′) on the downstream side is smaller than the target pressure loss (ΔP) on the downstream side (ΔP> ΔP ′) so as to increase the injection amount. A method for transporting a pipe such as a dehydrated cake, characterized in that when the amount of injection is maintained as it is and when it is large (ΔP <ΔP ′), the amount is controlled to increase . When transporting the transported goods by injecting the lubricant from the lubricant injection device between the outer periphery of the transported object such as dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe,
Upstream side for controlling the injection amount of the lubricant to increase when the measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device is larger than the first reference value and to decrease when the measured pressure loss is smaller than the second reference value. Control,
The measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the downstream side of the lubricant injection device is compared with the set value, and controlled by the downstream control for controlling the deviation amount to be zero, and controlled by the upstream control. A pipe transport method for dewatered cake or the like, characterized in that the downstream side control is turned off when it is in operation. When transporting the transported goods by injecting the lubricant from the lubricant injection device between the outer periphery of the transported object such as dehydrated cake and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe,
Upstream side for controlling the injection amount of the lubricant to increase when the measured absolute pressure in the pipe of the conveyed product on the upstream side of the lubricant injection device is larger than the first reference value and to decrease when the measured absolute pressure is smaller than the second reference value. Control,
The measured pressure loss in the pipe of the conveyed product on the downstream side of the lubricant injection device is compared with the set value, and controlled by the downstream control for controlling the deviation amount to be zero, and controlled by the upstream control. A pipe transport method for dewatered cake or the like, characterized in that the downstream side control is turned off when it is in operation. The transportation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a pipe transportation method such as a dehydrated cake , using a rate of change of pressure loss instead of pressure loss in a pipe. The pipe transportation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pipe transportation method is a dehydrated cake or the like injected from a lubricant injection device provided at a plurality of locations at a predetermined interval. The transportation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outer peripheral portion of the conveyed product is covered with a lubricant hardly permeable layer, and the lubricant is interposed between the outer periphery of the lubricant hardly permeable layer and the inner peripheral wall of the transport pipe. Pipe transportation method such as dewatering cake to be injected.

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