JP3615506B2 - Eggs and processed eggs - Google Patents

Eggs and processed eggs Download PDF

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JP3615506B2
JP3615506B2 JP2001296519A JP2001296519A JP3615506B2 JP 3615506 B2 JP3615506 B2 JP 3615506B2 JP 2001296519 A JP2001296519 A JP 2001296519A JP 2001296519 A JP2001296519 A JP 2001296519A JP 3615506 B2 JP3615506 B2 JP 3615506B2
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egg
yolk
feed
color
chicken
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JP2003102395A (en
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豊 奥野
公男 杉山
幸弘 牧野
洋 佐藤
洋 荒川
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協同飼料株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、卵及び鶏卵加工食品に関する。詳しくは、加熱したときの卵黄の色が鮮やかであり保存しても褪色しにくい卵黄(以下、このような性状の卵黄を「色持ちのよい卵黄」ともいう。)を有する鶏卵及びその鶏卵又は卵黄を使用して製した色持ちのよい卵黄部分を有する鶏卵加工食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鶏卵の卵黄については、生の状態でオレンジがかった黄色のものが好まれており、そのために、採卵鶏用飼料には、カプサンチンを主体とする赤色の卵黄着色剤が使用されることが多い。しかし、鶏卵は、家庭でもレストランでも、生で食するよりも加熱・調理して食する場合が多く、その場合の卵黄は、オレンジがかった色よりも濃い黄色の方が好まれる傾向にある。例えば、オムレツ、卵焼き、茶碗蒸し、卵豆腐、マヨネーズ、カステラ、スポンジケーキなどの鶏卵加工食品は、黄色が濃くて鮮やかなものが上等品であるとして好まれておる。
【0003】
しかしながら、鶏卵の卵黄は、生卵の段階では黄色が濃くても、加熱すると、色がくすんでしまう傾向にある。また、鶏卵加工食品については、店頭に陳列したり、冷蔵又は冷凍保管したときに、卵黄中の脂肪分が酸化することによって経時的に褪色することが問題となっている。
【0004】
上記の状況に鑑み、加熱したときに濃い鮮やかな黄色を呈し、時間が経過しても褪色せず、また、保存しても脂肪が酸化しないような卵黄を有する鶏卵が要望されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このため、本発明は、加熱したときに濃い鮮やかな黄色を呈し、時間が経過しても褪色が少なく、また、保存中の脂肪の酸化を抑えて、加熱した直後の色に近い鮮やかな黄色を持続できる卵黄を有する鶏卵を提供することを第1の課題とする。また、本発明は、加熱したときに卵黄部分が濃い鮮やかな黄色を呈し、時間が経過しても褪色が少なく、また、保存中の脂肪の酸化を抑えて、加熱した直後の色に近い鮮やかな黄色を持続できる鶏卵加工食品を提供することを第2の課題とする。
【0006】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために種々試験をおこなった上で、キサントフィル系の黄色色素であり、もともと卵黄にも含まれているルテインに着目し、鶏用飼料に、このルテインを増強すると共にこれを抗酸化剤であるビタミンE(α−トコフェロ−ル当量)で補強すると、ルテインとビタミンE(α−トコフェロ−ル当量)の相乗的効果によって、上記の課題を全て解決できることを見いだし、さらに研究の結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
このように、本発明に係る鶏卵の生産に用いる鶏用飼料は、ルテインと共にビタミンE(α−トコフェロ−ル当量)を配合してあることを基本とする。なお、本発明者らの調査によれば、ルテインを含むカロチノイド製剤を動物飼料に含ませることについては、特開2000−86505号公報に開示されているが、その目的は、動物が慢性疾患にかかる危険を軽減し、ガン予防に有利に作用させることにあり、本発明の課題とはかけ離れたものである。また、特開平6−14723号公報には、ガーリック、ジンジャー、オレガノ及びシナモンの4種の香辛料と共にビタミンEを併用・添加した鶏用飼料について開示されているが、その目的は、脂肪分を低下させ、風味のよい鶏肉を得ることにあり、本発明の課題を示唆するものではない。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の状況に鑑み、本発明のうち請求項1に記載する発明は、ルテインを50mg/kg以上とビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)を40mg/kg以上含有してなる鶏用飼料を10日間以上摂取した鶏から生産された卵であって、卵黄の色が色彩色差計CR−200b(ミノルタ社製)で測定したとき加熱凝固直後のb値が未加熱のものに比べて50〜57%高く、かつ、加熱凝固卵黄を5℃で7日間保存したときのb値の減少が加熱凝固直後に比べて1.2%以下である卵黄を有する鶏卵である。飼料中のルテインとビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)の含量がそれぞれ上記の量よりも少ないと、また、飼料を鶏に給与する期間が上記よりも短いと、得られた鶏卵は、加熱することで卵黄の黄色が濃くなる効果や保存中の卵黄の褪色防止効果を奏することができず、本発明の所期の課題を解決できないものとなる。
【0009
本発明のうち請求項に記載する発明は、請求項に記載の鶏卵又はその卵黄を使用して製した鶏卵加熱加工食品である。飼料中のルテインとビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)の含量がそれぞれ請求項1に記載の量よりも少ないと、また、飼料を鶏に給与する期間が請求項1の記載よりも短いと、得られた鶏卵又は卵黄を使用して製した鶏卵加工食品は、加熱することで卵黄の色が濃くなる効果や保存中の卵黄の褪色防止効果を奏することができず、本発明の所期の課題を解決できないものとなる。本発明に係る鶏卵加工食品とは、原料の一部又は全部に鶏卵又は卵黄を使用してなる加熱加工食品をいい、種々のものがあるが、代表的なものとして、卵焼き、オムレツ、茶碗蒸し、卵豆腐、カステラ、スポンジケーキなどを例示することができる。
【0010
以下、本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。本発明で用いる鶏用飼料は、鶏用の配合飼料中にルテインを50mg/kg以上とビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)を40mg/kg以上含有させてある。本発明で用いるルテインは、キサントフィル系の天然色素であり、マリーゴールド(メキシコ原産のキク科の1年草)などの植物の葉や花の葉緑体や黄色とうもろこしの実などに含まれている。また、最近は、クロレラやスピルリナなどの緑藻類から生産する方法も開発されている。本発明で用いる飼料には、ルテインが飼料1kg中に50mg以上含有するように配合する。
【0011
本発明で用いるビタミンEは、抗酸化性を有し、小麦胚芽油や綿実油やアルファルファなどに含まれている。なお、本発明の全説明において、ビタミンE含量は、平成12年11月に改訂された食品成分表で用いられている「α−トコフェロール当量」で表記する。また、飼料中のルテインの含量及びビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)の含量は、常法にしたがい、例えば、液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定し分析すればよい。
【0012
本発明で用いる鶏用飼料は、通常は、これを採卵鶏(産卵鶏)に給与する。すなわち、鶏は、ふ化後140〜150日で産卵を開始するので、本発明で用いる飼料も、産卵開始前の大雛(20週齢)から採卵中の成鶏まで、広く給与できる。勿論、産卵前の中雛の段階から本発明で用いる飼料を給与しても差し支えない。
【0013
本発明で用いる鶏用飼料は、ルテイン又はルテインを含有する原料とビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)を含有する原料を添加してある他は、通常の鶏用配合飼料ないし採卵鶏用配合飼料と異なるところはなく、例えば、とうもろこし、マイロ、大豆粕、なたね粕、コーングルテンミール、グルテンフィールド、脱脂米ヌカ、魚粉、飼料用油脂、カルシウム類、リン酸塩類、単体アミノ酸、微量無機物などを適宜組み合わせて配合すればよい。
【0014
本発明において、上記の飼料又はその原料中にルテインを含有させる方法は任意であるが、好ましくは、上記の配合飼料又はその原料にルテインを多量に含有する原料、例えば、マリーゴールド又はその乾燥物もしくはその抽出物、マリーゴールド花弁ミール、黄色とうもろこし、黄色グルテンミール、黄色コーングルテンフィード、アルファルファミール、スピルリナ、クロレラ、パプリカ抽出物などを添加すればよい。
【0015
また、本発明において、上記の飼料又はその原料中にビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)を含有させる方法は任意であるが、好ましくは、上記の配合飼料又はその原料にビタミンEを多量に含有する原料、例えば、小麦胚芽、小麦胚芽油、大豆油、綿実油、アルファルファ、合成トコフェロールなどを添加すればよい。以下、参考例と試験例をもって、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
【0016
参考例1】

Figure 0003615506
液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定したところ、上記の配合飼料1kg中のルテイン含量は95mg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量は65mgであった。
【0017
参考例2】
<本発明に係る鶏卵の生産方法の一例>
参考例1の配合飼料を、30週齢の採卵鶏に4週間にわたって給与した。給与開始12日目から、ルテインを78.5〜82.4mg/kg含有し、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)を155〜164mg/kg含有している卵が連日生産された。なお、上記の含量は、2週間の平均値である。
【0018
【試験例1】
<適正な原料配合量の確認試験:その1>
表1に示すように、5種類の配合飼料を作成し、液体クロマトグラフィーを用いてそれぞれの飼料中のルテイン含量とビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)の含量を測定した後(これらの分析値も表1に示す。)、30週齢の採卵鶏に2週間続けて給与した。得られた鶏卵の卵黄中のルテイン含量、カロチノイド含量及びビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量を分析したところ、表2の結果が得られた。なお、試験に供した採卵鶏は、18週齢から29週齢までの間は、以下に示す配合の飼料を給与して飼育したものである。
Figure 0003615506
【0019
【表1】
Figure 0003615506
【0020
表1から、本発明で用いる鶏用飼料を容易に製するには、全原料に対して、例えば、マリーゴールド抽出物を0.3重量%以上、市販のビタミンE製剤を0.007重量%以上、それぞれ添加すればよいことが確認できた。
【0021
【表2】
Figure 0003615506
【0022
【試験例2】
<茹で卵の色調と色持ちの程度確認試験>
試験例1で得られた鶏卵(表2のもの)をそれぞれ茹で卵にして、冷蔵庫(5℃)に入れて保存し、茹で卵中の卵黄の色の変化を色差計(ミノルタ社製:色彩色差計CR200b)を用いて測定したところ、表3の結果が得られた。なお、色について、色差計のb値が黄色のファクターであり、b値が高いほど黄色が鮮やかで濃い状態を示すことになる。また、表3において、「1区卵黄」とは、表1の1区の配合飼料を給与して産卵させた鶏卵の卵黄をいう。(以下「2区卵黄」・・・「発明区卵黄」についても、それぞれ同様である。)
【0023
【表3】
Figure 0003615506
【0024
表3から、発明区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量50mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量40mg/kg〕は、茹でると、生の状態のときに比べてb値が大きく上昇するので、加熱によって黄色が濃くなることが確認できた。すなわち、発明区卵黄は、加熱凝固直後のb値(表3では 80.9 )が生卵黄のb値(同 53.9 )に比べて50%以上も高くなることが確認された。また、発明区卵黄は、14日間保存してもb値はほとんど低下せず、加熱したときの濃い黄色を維持できることが確認された。すなわち、発明区卵黄は、加熱凝固卵黄を5℃で7日間保存したときのb値(表3では 79.9 )が加熱凝固直後のb値(同 80.9 )に比べて1.2%以下の減少でおさまることが確認できた。これに比べると、1区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量12mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量15mg/kg〕は、茹でた直後でもb値の上昇幅は少ないので、加熱しても黄色が濃くならず、しかも、14日間保存するとb値は極端に低下するので、経時的に褪色が激しいことが確認された。2区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量51mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量15mg/kg〕は、1区卵黄に比べて茹でた直後にb値が大きく上昇するので、加熱によって黄色が濃くなることが確認された。しかし、14日間保存したときのb値は、1区卵黄ほどではないが低下するので、経時的に褪色する傾向が確認された。このように、飼料中のルテインの含量を多くしても、ビタミンEの含量が少ないと、保存中の褪色を抑えることが困難であることが確認された。3区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量11mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量40mg/kg〕は、1区卵黄と同様に茹でた直後でもb値はあまり変化しなかった。このように、ルテイン含量が少ないと、ビタミンEを多量に含有させただけでは、加熱することで黄色が濃くなる効果及び保存中の褪色防止効果は得られないことが確認された。4区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量45mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量250mg/kg〕は、茹でた直後のb値が1区卵黄や3区卵黄とほとんど同じであり、飼料中のビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量を多くしても、ルテイン含量が50mg/kg未満では、加熱しても卵黄の黄色が濃くなる効果が得られないことが確認された。
【0025
【試験例3】
<凝固卵の色調と色持ちの程度確認試験>
試験例1で用いた鶏卵(表2のもの)からそれぞれ卵黄を取り出して攪拌し、型に流しこんだものを蒸し器に入れて90℃の蒸気で3分間蒸して凝固させた。この凝固卵黄を冷蔵庫(5℃)に入れて保存し、保存中の卵黄の色の変化を色差計(試験例2で使用したもの)を用いて測定したところ、表4の結果が得られた。
【0026
【表4】
Figure 0003615506
【0027】
表4から、凝固卵を調製した後7日間保存したときのb値について、1区卵黄は8.0の低下、2区卵黄は4.8の低下、3区卵黄は8.1の低下、4区卵黄は7.2の低下であったが、発明区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量50mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量40mg/kg〕はb値の低下は見られなかった。すなわち、発明区卵黄は、加熱凝固直後のb値(表4では 85.0 )が生卵黄のb値(表3では 53.9 )に比べて57%以上も高くなること、及び、加熱凝固卵黄を5℃で7日間保存したときのb値(表4では 85.0 )は加熱凝固直後のb値(同 85.0 )と変わらないことが確認できた。このことから、発明区卵黄を用いた鶏卵加工食品は、加熱したときの濃い鮮やかな黄色が、時間が経過しても安定的に持続されることが確認された。
【0028
【試験例4】
<未加熱卵黄の保存中の酸化の程度確認試験>
試験例1で用いた鶏卵(表2のもの)のそれぞれの卵黄(未加熱)から卵黄油を抽出して、油脂の酸化の程度を調べるため、経時的にPOV(過酸化物価)を基準油脂分析法により測定したところ、表5の結果が得られた。
【0029
【表5】
Figure 0003615506
【0030
表5から、発明区卵黄〔飼料中ルテイン含量50mg/kg、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量40mg/kg〕は、1区卵黄〜4区卵黄に比べると、14日保存後のPOVが低く、長く保存しても卵黄中の脂肪分が酸化されにくいことが確認された。
【0031
【試験例5】
<適正な原料配合量の確認試験:その2>
表6に示す2種の配合飼料(対照区飼料と発明区飼料)を作成し、液体クロマトグラフィーを用いてそれぞれの飼料中のルテイン含量とビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量を測定した後(これらの分析値も表6に示す。)、30週齢の採卵鶏に2週間続けて給与した。得られた鶏卵の卵黄中のルテイン含量、ビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)含量を分析したところ、表7の結果が得られた。なお、試験に供した採卵鶏が18週齢から29週齢までの間は、試験例1において、18週齢から29週齢までの採卵鶏に給与した飼料と同じ配合の飼料で飼育した。
【0032
【表6】
Figure 0003615506
【0033
【表7】
Figure 0003615506
【0034
【試験例6】
<卵焼きの色調と色持ちの程度確認試験>
試験例5において、表6の対照区飼料を給与して産卵させた鶏卵(以下「対照区鶏卵」という。)と同発明区飼料を給与して産卵させた鶏卵(以下「発明区鶏卵」という。)とを、それぞれ全卵状態で用いて卵焼きを作成した(この卵焼きを、それぞれ「対照区卵焼き」「発明区卵焼き」と称する)。これらの卵焼きを冷蔵庫(5℃)に入れて保存し、保存中の卵黄の色の変化を色差計(試験例2で使用したもの)を用いて測定したところ、表8の結果が得られた。
【0035
【表8】
Figure 0003615506
【0036
表8から、調理直後の卵焼きの色について、色差計のb値は、対照区卵焼きは51.5で発明区卵焼きは73.0であり、発明区卵焼きは対照区卵焼きに比べて黄色が鮮やかで濃いことが確認された。冷蔵庫で9日保存した段階で、対照区卵焼きの値は5.2減少し、黄色味が減じたが、発明区卵焼きの値の減少はほとんどなく、調製した直後の濃い黄色が持続されることが確認された。
【0037
【試験例7】
<卵焼きの保存中の酸化の程度確認試験>
試験例6の卵焼き(表8)を冷蔵庫(−20℃)に移して保存し続け、POV(過酸化物価)を基準油脂分析法により経時的に測定したところ、表9の結果が得られた。
【0038
【表9】
Figure 0003615506
【0039
表9から、対照区卵焼きは、3箇月冷凍保存でPOVは20以上上昇したが、発明区卵焼きは、POVはほとんど上昇しなかったので、発明区卵焼きの方が酸化されにくいことが確認された。
【0040
【試験例8】
<マヨネーズの色調と色持ちの程度確認試験>
試験例5の表7の卵黄(対照区卵黄と発明区卵黄)を未加熱のまま用いてそれぞれマヨネーズを調製した(これを、それぞれ「対照区マヨネーズ」「発明区1マヨネーズ」「発明区2マヨネーズ」と称する)。これらのマヨネーズを冷蔵庫(5℃)に入れて保存し、その色の変化を色差計(試験例2で使用したもの)を用いて測定したところ、表10の結果が得られた。試験に供したマヨネーズの配合(重量%)は、以下のとおりである。
原料/供試マヨネーズ→ 対照区 発明区1 発明区2
植物油 71.5 71.5 77.5
対照区卵黄 15
発明区卵黄 15 7.5
食酢 12 12 13.5
食塩 1.3 1.3 1.3
香辛料 0.2 0.2 0.2
【0041
【表10】
Figure 0003615506
【0042
表10から、発明区1マヨネーズ及び発明区2マヨネーズは、対照区マヨネーズに比べてb値が高く、黄色が濃いことが確認された。また、発明区1マヨネーズ及び発明区2マヨネーズは、2週間保存しても黄色の褪色がほとんど見られないことが確認された。発明区2マヨネーズは、発明区1マヨネーズに比べて、卵黄の添加量を半分にしたが、黄色味は対照区マヨネーズに比べて濃く、マヨネーズの色に関しては、発明区卵黄を使用すれば、発明区2マヨネーズのように卵黄は使用量を減らすことができるので、経済的効果が大きいことが確認された。
【0043
【試験例9】
<マヨネーズの保存中の酸化の程度確認試験>
表10のマヨネーズを、冷蔵庫(5℃)に入れて保存し続け、経時的にPOV(過酸化物価)を基準油脂分析法により測定したところ、表11の結果が得られた。
【0044
【表11】
Figure 0003615506
【0045
表11から、対照区マヨネーズII比較して発明区1マヨネーズも発明区2マヨネーズも、POVの上昇は少なく、両発明区マヨネーズは、どちらも保存中に酸化されにくいことが確認された。
【0046
【試験例10】
<スポンジケーキの色調と色持ちの程度確認試験>
試験例5の表7の鶏卵(対照区鶏卵と発明区鶏卵)を用いてそれぞれスポンジケーキを作成した(これを、それぞれ「対照区スポンジケーキ」と「発明区スポンジケーキ」と称する)。これらのスポンジケーキをポリエチレンの袋に入れて冷蔵庫(5℃)に入れて保存し、その色の変化を色差計(試験例2で使用したもの)を用いて測定したところ、表12の結果が得られた。試験に供したスポンジケーキの配合割合(重量%)は、以下のとおりである。
原料/供試スポンジケーキ→ 対照区スポンジケーキ 発明区スポンジケーキ
対照区鶏卵(全卵) 35 0
発明区鶏卵(全卵) 0 35
砂糖 30 30
小麦粉 35 35
【0047
【表12】
Figure 0003615506
【0048
表10から、発明区スポンジケーキは、対照区スポンジケーキに比べて調製直後のb値が高く、鮮やかで濃い黄色を呈していることが確認された。また、2週間保存しても調製直後とほとんど変わらず、黄色の褪色は見られないことが確認された。
【0049
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したとおり、本発明によれば、加熱したときに濃い鮮やかな黄色を呈し、時間が経過しても褪色が少なく、保存中の脂肪の酸化を抑えて、加熱した直後の色に近い黄色を持続できる卵黄を有する鶏卵を提供できる。また、その鶏卵又は卵黄を用いて、時間が経過しても卵黄部分の褪色が少なく、保存中の脂肪の酸化を抑えて、加熱した直後の色に近い黄色を持続できる鶏卵加工食品を提供できる。 [0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chicken egg and egg processed foods. For more information, the color of the egg yolk when heated is a brilliant save faded and difficult to egg yolk (hereinafter also referred to as the egg yolk of such properties as "good egg yolk color retention.") Even if eggs of egg及benefactor with a Or it is related with the egg egg processed food which has the yolk part with good color made using egg yolk.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The egg yolks of chicken eggs are preferred to be orange-yellow in the raw state, and for that reason, red egg yolk coloring agents mainly composed of capsanthin are often used in the feed for egg collection chickens. However, chicken eggs are often cooked and cooked at home or in a restaurant rather than raw, and the egg yolk in that case tends to be preferred to a dark yellow color rather than an orangeish color. For example, processed egg foods such as omelet, fried egg, steamed egg custard, egg tofu, mayonnaise, castella, sponge cake and the like are preferred because they are dark yellow and bright.
[0003]
However, even if the egg yolk of a chicken egg is deep yellow at the stage of a raw egg, when it heats, it tends to become dull in color. Further, with regard to processed egg eggs, there is a problem that the fat content in egg yolk is faded over time when it is displayed at the store or refrigerated or frozen.
[0004]
In view of the above situation, there is a demand for chicken eggs that have a vivid yellow color when heated, do not fade over time, and have egg yolks that do not oxidize fat when stored.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention exhibits a dark bright yellow when heated, less discoloration over time, also, to suppress the oxidation of fat during storage, vivid close to the color immediately after hot pressing It is a first object to provide a chicken egg having an egg yolk that can maintain a yellow color. In addition, the present invention has a vivid yellow with a dark egg yolk portion when heated, has less discoloration over time, and suppresses oxidation of fat during storage, and is vivid near the color immediately after heating. It is a second problem to provide a processed egg egg food that can maintain a yellow color.
[0006]
The inventors of the present invention conducted various tests to solve the above-mentioned problems, and paid attention to lutein, which is a xanthophyll-based yellow pigment and originally contained in egg yolk. And strengthening this with vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent), an antioxidant, can solve all of the above problems by the synergistic effect of lutein and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) As a result of further research, the present invention has been completed.
[0007]
Thus, the feed for chickens used for the production of eggs according to the present invention is based on the fact that vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) is blended together with lutein. According to the investigation by the present inventors, the inclusion of a carotenoid preparation containing lutein in animal feed is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-86505. This is to reduce such a risk and to have an advantageous effect on cancer prevention, which is far from the subject of the present invention. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-14723 discloses a chicken feed in which vitamin E is used in combination with and added to four kinds of spices of garlic, ginger, oregano and cinnamon, the purpose of which is to reduce fat content And obtaining a savory chicken, which does not suggest the problem of the present invention.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above situation, the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention is a chicken feed comprising lutein of 50 mg / kg or more and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) of 40 mg / kg or more for 10 days or more. Eggs produced from ingested chickens, and the b value immediately after heating and coagulation is 50 to 57% higher when the color of egg yolk is measured with a color difference meter CR-200b (Minolta). And it is a chicken egg which has egg yolk whose decrease of b value when heat-coagulated egg yolk is preserve | saved at 5 degreeC for 7 days is 1.2% or less compared with immediately after heat-coagulation. If the content of lutein and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) in the feed is less than the above amount, and if the period of feeding the feed to the chicken is shorter than the above, the resulting chicken egg shall be heated. Thus, the effect of darkening the yellow of the yolk and the effect of preventing the fading of the yolk during storage cannot be achieved, and the intended problem of the present invention cannot be solved.
[00 09 ]
The invention described in claim 2 of the present invention is a chicken egg heat-processed food produced using the egg or the egg yolk described in claim 1 . When the content of lutein and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) in the feed is less than the amount described in claim 1, respectively, and when the period of feeding the feed to the chicken is shorter than described in claim 1, The processed egg produced using the egg or egg yolk, which is not able to exhibit the effect of darkening the yolk color by heating or the effect of preventing the fading of the yolk during storage, is an expected problem of the present invention. Cannot be solved. The processed egg egg food according to the present invention refers to a heat- processed food product that uses chicken eggs or egg yolk as part or all of the raw materials, and there are various types of foods, such as fried egg, omelette, steamed tea, egg tofu, sponge cake, etc. sponge cakes can be exemplified.
[00 10 ]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The chicken feed used in the present invention contains 50 mg / kg or more of lutein and 40 mg / kg or more of vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) in the blended feed for chickens. Lutein used in the present invention is a xanthophyll-based natural pigment, and is contained in leaves of plants such as marigold (Asteraceae, native to Mexico), flower chloroplasts, yellow corn fruits, and the like. . Recently, methods for producing green algae such as chlorella and spirulina have also been developed. The feed used in the present invention is blended so that lutein is contained in an amount of 50 mg or more in 1 kg of the feed.
[00 11 ]
Vitamin E used in the present invention has antioxidant properties and is contained in wheat germ oil, cottonseed oil, alfalfa and the like. In the entire description of the present invention, the vitamin E content is expressed as “α-tocopherol equivalent” used in the food ingredient table revised in November 2000. Further, the content of lutein and the content of vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) in the feed may be measured and analyzed using, for example, liquid chromatography according to a conventional method.
[00 12 ]
The chicken feed used in the present invention is usually fed to egg-laying hens (laying hens). That is, since chickens start egg laying 140 to 150 days after hatching , the feed used in the present invention can be widely fed from large chicks (20 weeks old) before egg laying to adult chickens being laid. Of course, the feed used in the present invention may be fed from the middle chick stage before egg laying.
[00 13 ]
The feed for chickens used in the present invention is a normal feed for chickens or a feed for egg-laying chickens, except that lutein or a raw material containing lutein and a raw material containing vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) are added. There are no differences, for example, corn, milo, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, corn gluten meal, gluten field, defatted rice bran, fish meal, fats and oils for feed, calcium, phosphates, simple amino acids, trace minerals, etc. What is necessary is just to mix | blend and combine.
[00 14 ]
In the present invention, the method of incorporating lutein in the feed or the raw material thereof is arbitrary, but preferably the raw material containing a large amount of lutein in the mixed feed or the raw material thereof, for example, marigold or a dried product thereof Alternatively, an extract thereof, marigold petal meal, yellow corn, yellow gluten meal, yellow corn gluten feed, alfalfa meal, spirulina, chlorella, paprika extract and the like may be added.
[00 15 ]
Further, in the present invention, the method for containing vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) in the above feed or its raw material is arbitrary, but preferably, the above described mixed feed or its raw material contains a large amount of vitamin E. Raw materials such as wheat germ, wheat germ oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, alfalfa, synthetic tocopherol and the like may be added. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference examples and test examples.
[00 16 ]
[ Reference Example 1]
Figure 0003615506
When measured using liquid chromatography, the lutein content in 1 kg of the above-mentioned mixed feed was 95 mg, and the vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content was 65 mg.
[00 17 ]
[ Reference Example 2]
<An example of a method for producing eggs according to the present invention>
The formulated feed of Reference Example 1 was fed to 30-week-old egg-collecting chickens for 4 weeks. From the 12th day after the start of feeding, eggs containing 78.5-82.4 mg / kg of lutein and 155-164 mg / kg of vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) were produced every day. In addition, said content is an average value for 2 weeks.
[00 18 ]
[Test Example 1]
<Confirmation test for proper amount of raw materials: Part 1>
As shown in Table 1, after preparing five kinds of mixed feeds and measuring the content of lutein and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) in each feed using liquid chromatography (these analytical values are also As shown in Table 1.), 30 weeks old hens were fed for 2 weeks in a row. When the lutein content, carotenoid content, and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content in the egg yolk of the obtained chicken egg were analyzed, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained. In addition, the egg-laying hen used for the test is fed by feeding the following composition during the period from 18 to 29 weeks of age.
Figure 0003615506
[00 19 ]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003615506
[00 20 ]
From Table 1, to easily produce the chicken feed used in the present invention, for example, the marigold extract is 0.3% by weight or more and the commercially available vitamin E preparation is 0.007% by weight with respect to all raw materials. As described above, it has been confirmed that each may be added.
[00 21 ]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003615506
[00 22 ]
[Test Example 2]
<Boiled egg color tone and durability test>
Chicken eggs obtained in Test Example 1 (from Table 2) are boiled eggs and stored in a refrigerator (5 ° C.), and the color change meter (Minolta Co., Ltd .: Color) When measured using a color difference meter CR 200b), the results in Table 3 were obtained. For the color, the b value of the color difference meter is a factor of yellow, and the higher the b value, the brighter and darker the yellow is. In Table 3, “1st ward yolk” refers to the egg yolk of chicken eggs fed with the mixed feed of 1st ward of Table 1 and spawned. (Hereinafter, the same applies to “2 ward egg yolk”...
[00 23 ]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003615506
[00 24 ]
From Table 3, the yolk of the invention zone [feed lutein content 50 mg / kg, vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content 40 mg / kg], when boiled, the b value greatly increases compared to the raw state, It was confirmed that the yellow color became darker by heating. In other words, it was confirmed that the yolk of the invention zone immediately after heat coagulation ( 80.9 in Table 3 ) was 50% or more higher than the b value of live egg yolk ( 53.9 ). In addition, it was confirmed that the yolk of the invention zone was able to maintain a deep yellow color when heated, with the b value hardly decreasing even when stored for 14 days. That is, in the invention zone egg yolk, the b value ( 79.9 in Table 3 ) when the heat-coagulated egg yolk was stored at 5 ° C. for 7 days was a decrease of 1.2% or less compared to the b-value immediately after the heat coagulation ( 80.9 ). I was able to confirm. Compared with this, the 1st yolk [feeding lutein content 12 mg / kg, vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content 15 mg / kg] has a small increase in b value just after boiling, so yellow even when heated However, when stored for 14 days, the b value drastically decreases, and it was confirmed that the fading was severe over time. 2 b egg yolk [feed lutein content 51 mg / kg, vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content 15 mg / kg] increases b value greatly immediately after being boiled compared to 1 ward egg yolk, so the yellow color becomes darker by heating It was confirmed that However, since the b value when stored for 14 days is not as low as that of the first ward yolk, the tendency to fade over time was confirmed. Thus, it was confirmed that even if the content of lutein in the feed was increased, it was difficult to suppress discoloration during storage if the content of vitamin E was small. As for the 3rd district egg yolk [feed lutein content 11 mg / kg, vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content 40 mg / kg], the b value did not change much immediately after boiled in the same manner as the 1st district egg yolk. As described above, it was confirmed that when the content of lutein is small, the effect of darkening yellowing and the effect of preventing discoloration during storage cannot be obtained only by adding a large amount of vitamin E. 4 zone egg yolk [feed lutein content 45 mg / kg, vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content 250 mg / kg], b value just after boiling is almost the same as 1 zone egg yolk and 3 zone egg yolk, It was confirmed that even if the content of vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) was increased, if the lutein content was less than 50 mg / kg, the effect of deepening the yellow color of egg yolk could not be obtained even when heated.
[00 25 ]
[Test Example 3]
<Confirmation test of color tone and persistence of coagulated eggs>
Egg yolks were taken out from the chicken eggs (Table 2) used in Test Example 1 and stirred. The pieces poured into the mold were placed in a steamer and steamed with 90 ° C. steam for 3 minutes to solidify. When this coagulated egg yolk was stored in a refrigerator (5 ° C.) and the color change of the egg yolk during storage was measured using a color difference meter (used in Test Example 2), the results shown in Table 4 were obtained. .
[00 26 ]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003615506
[0027]
From Table 4, regarding the b value when stored for 7 days after preparing the coagulated egg, the 1st yolk is decreased by 8.0, the 2nd yolk is decreased by 4.8, the 3rd yolk is decreased by 8.1, The 4th yolk showed a decrease of 7.2, while the invention yolk [the feed lutein content 50 mg / kg, vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content 40 mg / kg] showed no decrease in the b value. That is, in the invention zone yolk, the b value immediately after heat coagulation ( 85.0 in Table 4 ) is 57% or more higher than the b value of live egg yolk ( 53.9 in Table 3 ), and the heat coagulated egg yolk is 5 ° C. It was confirmed that the b value when stored for 7 days ( 85.0 in Table 4 ) was not different from the b value immediately after heat solidification ( 85.0 ). From this, it was confirmed that the egg egg processed food using the invention area egg yolk is stably maintained even when time passes, even when dark and bright yellow when heated.
[00 28 ]
[Test Example 4]
<Oxidation degree confirmation test during storage of unheated egg yolk>
In order to extract the egg yolk oil from each egg yolk (unheated) of the chicken eggs (in Table 2) used in Test Example 1 and examine the degree of oxidation of the fats and oils, the POV (peroxide value) is determined over time as the reference fats and oils. When measured by an analytical method, the results shown in Table 5 were obtained.
[00 29 ]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003615506
[00 30 ]
From Table 5, the egg yolk of the invention [the lutein content in the feed is 50 mg / kg, the vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content is 40 mg / kg] has a lower POV after 14 days of storage than the yolks of the first to fourth yolks. It was confirmed that the fat content in egg yolk was hardly oxidized even when stored for a long time.
[00 31 ]
[Test Example 5]
<Confirmation test for proper amount of raw materials: Part 2>
After preparing two kinds of mixed feeds shown in Table 6 (control group feed and invention group feed) and measuring the lutein content and vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content in each feed using liquid chromatography ( These analytical values are also shown in Table 6.), and 30-week-old egg-laying hens were fed continuously for 2 weeks. When the lutein content and the vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent) content in the egg yolk of the obtained chicken egg were analyzed, the results shown in Table 7 were obtained. In addition, during the period from 18 weeks to 29 weeks of age, the hens subjected to the test were bred in the same composition as the feed fed to the hens from 18 weeks to 29 weeks in Test Example 1.
[00 32 ]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003615506
[00 33 ]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003615506
[00 34 ]
[Test Example 6]
<Eye-baked color tone and durability test>
In Test Example 5, a chicken egg (hereinafter referred to as “control group chicken egg”) fed with the control group feed of Table 6 and a eggs laid with the same invention group feed (hereinafter referred to as “invention group chicken egg”). ) Were used in the whole egg state, respectively, to prepare egg fried (this fried egg is called “control egg fried” and “invented fried egg”, respectively). When these fried eggs were stored in a refrigerator (5 ° C.) and the change in color of the yolk during storage was measured using a color difference meter (used in Test Example 2), the results shown in Table 8 were obtained. .
[00 35 ]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003615506
[00 36 ]
From Table 8, regarding the color of the fried egg immediately after cooking, the b value of the color difference meter is 51.5 for the control group fried egg and 73.0 for the fried egg according to the invention, and the fried yellow is brighter than that of the control fried egg. It was confirmed to be dark. At the stage of storage in the refrigerator for 9 days, the b value of the control group fried egg decreased by 5.2 and the yellowness decreased, but the b value of the invention group fried egg decreased little, and the dark yellow immediately after preparation was maintained. It was confirmed that
[00 37 ]
[Test Example 7]
<Confirmation test of degree of oxidation during preservation of fried egg>
When the fried egg of Table 6 (Table 8) was transferred to a refrigerator (−20 ° C.) and stored, and POV (peroxide value) was measured over time by the standard fat analysis method, the results shown in Table 9 were obtained. .
[00 38 ]
[Table 9]
Figure 0003615506
[00 39 ]
From Table 9, it was confirmed that the control group fried eggs were frozen for 3 months and POV increased by 20 or more, but the invention group fried eggs hardly increased POV, so the invention group fried eggs were less likely to be oxidized. .
[00 40 ]
[Test Example 8]
<Confirmation test of mayonnaise color tone and color retention>
Mayonnaise was prepared using the egg yolks (control group egg yolk and invention group egg yolk) unheated in Table 7 of Test Example 5 (referred to as "control group mayonnaise", "invention group 1 mayonnaise", "invention group 2 mayonnaise, respectively). "). When these mayonnaises were stored in a refrigerator (5 ° C.) and the change in color was measured using a color difference meter (used in Test Example 2), the results shown in Table 10 were obtained. The composition (% by weight) of mayonnaise subjected to the test is as follows.
Raw material / test mayonnaise → Control zone Invention zone 1 Invention zone 2
Vegetable oil 71.5 71.5 77.5
Control yolk 15
Invention Zone Yolk 15 7.5
Vinegar 12 12 13.5
Salt 1.3 1.3 1.3
Spices 0.2 0.2 0.2
[00 41 ]
[Table 10]
Figure 0003615506
[00 42 ]
From Table 10, it was confirmed that Invention Zone 1 mayonnaise and Invention Zone 2 mayonnaise have higher b values and darker yellow color than control zone mayonnaise. In addition, it was confirmed that the invention zone 1 mayonnaise and the invention zone 2 mayonnaise showed almost no yellow discoloration even when stored for 2 weeks. Invention Zone 2 mayonnaise halved the amount of egg yolk added compared to Invention Zone 1 mayonnaise, but the yellowish color is darker than that of control zone mayonnaise. Since yolk can reduce the amount of use like ward 2 mayonnaise, it was confirmed that the economic effect was great.
[00 43 ]
[Test Example 9]
<Oxidation degree confirmation test during mayonnaise storage>
The mayonnaise shown in Table 10 was kept in a refrigerator (5 ° C.), and POV (peroxide value) was measured over time by the standard oil analysis method. The results shown in Table 11 were obtained.
[00 44 ]
[Table 11]
Figure 0003615506
[00 45 ]
From Table 11, it was confirmed that the POV of the invention zone 1 mayonnaise and the invention zone 2 mayonnaise was small compared to the control zone mayonnaise II, and both of the invention zones mayonnaise were not easily oxidized during storage.
[00 46 ]
[Test Example 10]
<Sponge cake color tone and color retention test>
Sponge cakes were prepared using the eggs in Table 7 of Test Example 5 (control group eggs and invention group eggs) (referred to as “control group sponge cake” and “invention group sponge cake”, respectively). These sponge cakes were put in a polyethylene bag, stored in a refrigerator (5 ° C.), and the change in color was measured using a color difference meter (used in Test Example 2). Obtained. The blending ratio (% by weight) of the sponge cake subjected to the test is as follows.
Raw material / test sponge cake → Control sponge cake Invention sponge sponge Control chicken eggs (whole egg) 35 0
Invention Zone Chicken Egg (Whole Egg) 0 35
Sugar 30 30
Flour 35 35
[00 47 ]
[Table 12]
Figure 0003615506
[00 48 ]
From Table 10, it was confirmed that the inventive sponge cake had a higher b value immediately after preparation than the control sponge cake, and exhibited a bright and dark yellow color. In addition, it was confirmed that even when stored for 2 weeks, there was almost no change from that immediately after preparation, and no yellow discoloration was observed.
[00 49 ]
【The invention's effect】
Above, as explained in detail, according to the present invention, exhibited a deep bright yellow when heated, less discoloration over time, to suppress the oxidation of fat during storage, immediately after hot pressing A chicken egg having an egg yolk that can maintain a yellow color close to the color can be provided. In addition, the egg or egg yolk can be used to provide a processed egg egg food that can maintain the yellow color immediately after heating by suppressing the oxidation of fat during storage and suppressing the oxidation of fat during storage. The

Claims (2)

ルテインを50mg/kg以上とビタミンE(α−トコフェロール当量)を40mg/kg以上含有してなる鶏用飼料を10日間以上摂取した鶏から生産された卵であって、卵黄の色が色彩色差計CR−200b(ミノルタ社製)で測定したとき加熱凝固直後のb値が未加熱のものに比べて50〜57%高く、かつ、加熱凝固卵黄を5℃で7日間保存したときのb値の減少が加熱凝固直後に比べて1.2%以下である卵黄を有する鶏卵。 An egg produced from a chicken that has been ingested for at least 10 days with a feed for chicken containing 50 mg / kg or more of lutein and 40 mg / kg or more of vitamin E (α-tocopherol equivalent), and the color of the yolk is a color difference meter When measured with CR-200b (manufactured by Minolta), the b value immediately after heat coagulation is 50 to 57% higher than that of the unheated one, and the b value when the heat coagulated egg yolk is stored at 5 ° C. for 7 days A chicken egg having an egg yolk whose decrease is 1.2% or less compared to immediately after heat coagulation. 請求項に記載の鶏卵又はその卵黄を使用して製した鶏卵加熱加工食品。A chicken egg heat- processed food produced using the egg or egg yolk according to claim 1 .
JP2001296519A 2001-09-27 2001-09-27 Eggs and processed eggs Expired - Lifetime JP3615506B2 (en)

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JP4537761B2 (en) * 2004-05-13 2010-09-08 築野食品工業株式会社 Tocotrienol-containing poultry eggs
JP2008506732A (en) * 2004-07-21 2008-03-06 ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. Preparation of 4-ketorthein and use as food additive
US7758884B2 (en) 2005-01-28 2010-07-20 Kemin Industries, Inc. Formulation for increasing the deposition of dietary carotenoids in eggs
JP2007020510A (en) * 2005-07-20 2007-02-01 Ise Delica Kk Laying hen feed, and method for producing hen's egg
US8192773B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2012-06-05 Kemin Industries, Inc. Carotenoid-based pigmenter
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