JP3612326B1 - Linear waste material sorter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a linear waste material sorting device capable of accurately sorting and collecting linear waste materials in which copper wires having a shape easily entangled are mixed.
SOLUTION: A partition net for partitioning the inside of the tank up and down is provided, and a sorting tank 5 for sorting the mixed waste material that is thrown into the upper side of the partition net 14 by a specific gravity difference, and a liquid in the sorting tank 5 are Vertical pulsating means 6 having an air chamber 61 that pulsates in a direction, and a plurality of spherical shapes having a specific gravity smaller than the specific gravity of the linear waste material to be selected among the mixed waste materials and larger than the specific gravity of the remaining other waste materials A linear waste material separation layer 15 formed by laying a spherical material 15a, which is a spherical material 15a, in which the weight and shape of each spherical material 15a are substantially the same, on the partitioning net 14.
[Selection] Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to a linear waste material sorting device, and is particularly suitable for highly accurately sorting and recovering linear waste materials such as metal wires and harnesses contained in mixed waste materials obtained by crushing household electrical appliances and waste automobiles. The present invention relates to a linear waste material sorting device.

  Conventionally, mixed waste materials obtained by crushing home appliances and scrapped automobiles have been landfilled or incinerated, but in recent years, technologies for separating and selecting these mixed waste materials by raw materials and effectively recycling them have been proposed. . For example, as a technique for recovering a metal material fixed to a resin such as a printed circuit board, a method is known in which only a resin portion is burned and a metal such as copper is separated and recovered. However, when the resin is burned, there is a problem that gas harmful to the human body and the global environment is generated.

  On the other hand, a method is conceivable in which the mixed waste material is crushed and sorted and separated by a specific gravity sorting device used for sorting specific gravity of coal, aggregate, and the like. This specific gravity sorting apparatus generally has a water tank provided with a partition net and pulsation means for pulsating water in the water tank up and down. And by crushing the crushed material thrown on the partitioning net in water, a thing with a large specific gravity is settled in a lower layer, and a thing with a small specific gravity is settled in an upper layer, and it isolate | separates and collects.

  However, in the specific gravity sorting apparatus described above, the separation is based only on the specific gravity difference, and the shape of the sorted product is not considered. For this reason, when the waste materials of various shapes are mixed like a mixed waste material, there exists a problem that it cannot sort out accurately. That is, there is a problem that waste materials having the same specific gravity but different shapes, and waste materials having a shape easily entangled with other waste materials even if the specific gravity is different cannot be sufficiently selected only by the specific gravity difference.

  In particular, when the mixed waste material contains a linear waste material such as a metal wire or a harness, there is a problem that the mixed waste material is caught in the mesh of the partition net, and the flow of water must be prevented or periodically removed. Furthermore, since the linear waste material is easily entangled, it is extremely difficult to loosen and sort the lump, and it is impossible with the conventional technique.

  By the way, the invention relating to the waste material selection technique is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-355661. In the present invention, waste material composed of resin and metal is crushed by a crusher, the crushed material is separated into a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material by a magnetic separator, and the non-magnetic material is separated by a jig sorter (specific gravity sorter). This sorts out the resin and metal.

JP 2002-355661 A

  However, even in the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-355661, the jig sorter only performs sorting based on the difference in specific gravity and does not perform sorting considering the shape difference. is there. In addition, since it is assumed that the sorting material does not pass through the mesh of the partitioning net, when sorting mixed waste materials mixed with linear waste materials such as metal wires and harnesses, it is caught in the mesh of the partitioning mesh. The problem that it is difficult to sort out the complicatedly intertwined linear waste materials has not been solved.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and provides a linear waste material sorting device capable of accurately sorting and collecting linear waste materials in which copper wires or the like having an easily entangled shape are mixed. The purpose is to do.

A feature of the linear waste material sorting apparatus according to the present invention is that it is provided with a partition net for partitioning the inside of the tank up and down, and for sorting the mixed waste material that is thrown into the upper side of the partition net in the liquid according to its specific gravity A vertical pulsating means having an air chamber for pulsating the liquid in the sorting tank in the vertical direction, and the specific gravity of the linear waste material to be sorted out of the mixed waste materials, and the remaining other waste materials which has a greater specific gravity than the specific gravity, is the number of spheres that weight and shape of its is formed substantially the same in that it has a linear waste separation layer formed by laying on the partition network.

Further, in the present invention, in order to perform sorting and separation more accurately and quickly, the sorting tank has the linear waste material when the linear waste material separation layer moves up and down along the inner wall surface of the sorting tank. It is preferable that the frictional resistance generated between the separation layer and the inner wall surface is formed in a shape that is equal over the entire inner wall surface .

  Further, in the present invention, the sorting tank is formed to have a substantially square cross section in order to easily provide an air chamber or to easily maintain the frictional resistance between the linear waste material separation layer and the inner wall surface of the sorting tank. It is preferable.

According to the present invention,
1. Depending on the specific gravity difference of copper wire scraps, etc., it is difficult to sort out, and it is possible to sort out linear waste materials that are easy to get entangled,
2. By limiting the shape of the sorting tank, the specific gravity, weight and shape of the spherical object, the vertical pulsation of the linear waste material separation layer can be suppressed so that it is not disturbed, and the tangled copper wire scraps can be loosened and separated, The copper wire scraps caught on the net can be separated under the net,
There are effects such as.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a linear waste material sorting apparatus 3 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an entire sorting process of mixed waste materials to which a linear waste material sorting device 3 according to the present invention is applied, and FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the linear waste material sorting device 3 of this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram.

  First, the flow of the entire selection process will be described with reference to FIG. The mixed waste material sorting process of the present embodiment mainly includes a mixed waste material crushing process, an iron waste material sorting process, a non-ferrous waste material sorting process, a linear waste material sorting process, a lightweight waste material crushing process, a suspended matter crushing process, It comprises a lightweight waste material sorting process and a second lightweight waste material sorting process (steps S1 to S8).

  First, the mixed waste material crushing step of Step S1 is a step of crushing mixed waste material such as home appliances with a crusher such as a chain mill. In this step, the mixed waste material is cut or crushed into a size of about 0.1 mm to 40 mm. At this time, the mixed waste materials include not only granular waste materials but also waste materials having various specific gravities and shapes, such as sheet waste materials such as rubber sheets, and linear waste materials made of copper wire, harness, etc. . Note that. The mixed waste materials selected in the following embodiment include ferrous waste materials and non-ferrous waste materials. Further, the non-ferrous waste materials include copper wire scraps, resins, harnesses, substrate scraps, non-ferrous metals, chloronitrile butadiene. Styrene resin (hereinafter referred to as “ABS resin”), polystyrene (hereinafter referred to as “PS”), rubber, polyvinyl chloride (hereinafter referred to as “PVC”), polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as “PE”), polypropylene (hereinafter referred to as “PE”). , "PP"), urethane and the like.

  Next, the iron waste material sorting step in step S2 is a step of removing the iron waste material having magnetism such as iron contained in the mixed waste material by a predetermined magnetic sorter. Specifically, the crushed mixed waste material is conveyed by a vibration conveyor, and an electromagnet disposed in the vicinity of the vibration conveyor is strongly excited to attract and sort only the iron waste material.

  Next, the non-ferrous waste material selection step of step S3 is a step of selecting the non-ferrous waste material from which the iron waste material has been removed based on the specific gravity difference and the shape difference. In this step, a non-ferrous waste material sorting system 2 configured by connecting three non-ferrous waste material sorting apparatuses 1 according to the present embodiment, which will be described later, is used. With this non-ferrous waste sorting system 2, non-ferrous waste is made up of relatively short linear waste (copper wire scrap, resin, etc.), relatively long linear waste (harness, copper wire scrap, etc.), substrate scrap, and non-ferrous metal Types, lightweight waste materials (ABS resin / PS / vinyl chloride) and sheet-like waste materials (rubbers), and suspended matter (PE, PP, urethane, etc.).

  Next, the linear waste material selection process of step S4 is a process of further selecting the relatively short linear waste material selected in step S3 based on the specific gravity difference and the shape difference. In this step, the linear waste material sorting apparatus 3 of the present embodiment described later is used. The linear waste material sorting device 3 sorts the linear waste material having a small shape into copper wire scrap, high specific gravity resin A, and low specific gravity resin B.

  Next, the lightweight waste material crushing step of step S5 is a step of crushing the lightweight waste material selected in step S3 with a crusher such as a plastic crusher. In this step, the lightweight waste material is further finely cut or crushed.

  Next, the suspended matter crushing step of step S6 is a step of crushing the suspended matter selected in step S3 with a crusher such as a plastic crusher. In this step, the suspended matter is further finely cut or crushed and then dehydrated and collected by a dehydration screen or the like.

  Next, the first lightweight waste material sorting step of Step S7 is a step of further sorting the lightweight waste material crushed in Step S5 based on the specific gravity difference. In this step, the lightweight waste material sorting apparatus 4 of the present embodiment described later is used. The lightweight waste material sorting device 4 sorts the lightweight waste material into polyvinyl chloride / rubbers, ABS resin, and PS.

  Next, the second lightweight waste material sorting step of Step S8 is a step of further sorting the lightweight waste material crushed in Step S7 based on the specific gravity difference. In this process, as in step S7, a lightweight waste material sorting apparatus 4 of the present embodiment described later is used. The lightweight waste material sorting device 4 sorts the lightweight waste material into polyvinyl chloride and rubbers.

  Through the above steps, a wide variety of mixed waste materials having different specific gravities and shapes are separated for each raw material.

  Hereinafter, the sorting apparatus used in each step will be described in detail. First, FIG. 2 shows the non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1 and the non-ferrous waste sorting system 2 of the present embodiment used in the non-ferrous waste sorting process in step S3. This will be described with reference to FIG.

(1) Non-ferrous waste material sorting device and non-ferrous waste material sorting system The non-ferrous waste material sorting system 2 of the present embodiment includes a first non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1a into which the non-ferrous waste material is first introduced, and the first non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1a. Is composed of a second non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1b and a third non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1c, which are connected in series. In the present embodiment, the basic structure of each of the non-ferrous waste sorting devices 1a, 1b, and 1c is substantially the same, and therefore, among the configurations of the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b and the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c, The same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure which is the same as that of the structure of 1 nonferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, or corresponds.

  The first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a mainly includes a sorting tank 5 filled with water, vertical pulsation means 6 for pulsating the water in the sorting tank 5 in the vertical direction, and a sorting screen for partitioning the sorting tank 5 up and down. Part 7, variable wing 8 provided below the sorting screen part 7, rotary feeder 9 for collecting the layered waste material deposited on the sorting screen part 7, and falling from the mesh of the sorting screen part 7 It is comprised from the rotary valve 10 which collect | recovers linear waste materials.

  If it demonstrates in detail about each component of the 1st non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a of this embodiment, the sorting tank 5 is formed in the rectangular parallelepiped shape of plane cross-section substantially square. An upper portion of the sorting tank 5 is provided with an inlet 11 for mixed waste material, and an appropriate amount of mixed waste material is supplied together with water by a watermill type feeder 12. In addition, a recovery port 13 is provided on the opposite side of the input port 11, and waste material settled in the lowermost layer on the sorting screen unit 7, here, relatively long copper wire scraps and harnesses are sucked by the rotary feeder 9. It plays the role of being drawn in by force. Further, an air supply / exhaust port 62 communicating with an air chamber 61 described later is formed on the side wall of the sorting tank 5.

  Next, the vertical pulsation means 6 mainly includes an air chamber 61 provided in the sorting tank 5, an air blower 63 that supplies air to the air chamber 61 through the air supply / exhaust port 62, and a supply from the air blower 63. And an air valve 64 for adjusting the exhaust timing. The air chamber 61 is open at the lower end, and the upper roof 61a is formed in a mountain shape. The air blower 63 stores the pressurized air in an air tank 65 connected to each air valve 64. The air valve 64 is constituted by, for example, a rotary valve, and is rotated by a valve motor 66 to open and close to supply and exhaust the air chamber 61. In this embodiment, in order to stabilize the flow of the continuous water surface from the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a to the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c, the supply / exhaust timing of the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a and the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c. Are synchronized, and the supply / exhaust timing of the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b is shifted by half.

  Further, in the present embodiment, by controlling the rotation of the valve motor 66, as shown in FIG. 3, the air in the air chamber 61 at the time of lowering is intermittently exhausted and lowered in the vertical pulsation cycle of water. Is temporarily stopped. And when descending again, it descends strongly and quickly. This is because the sedimentation velocity between substances having different specific gravity differences causes the most significant difference when starting to fall from a stationary state, so that the selection based on the specific gravity difference is effectively performed using this principle. .

  Therefore, the air in the air chamber 61 is intermittently exhausted, the descent of water is temporarily stopped, and the descent is started again, thereby amplifying the sedimentation speed between the waste materials having different specific gravity differences and more accurately. It comes to sort out.

  Further, as described above, since exhaust is temporarily stopped when descending, the exhaust amount per unit time is increased in order to recover the time for this stop. That is, since it is necessary to repeat the pulsation cycle in accordance with the cycle of the rotary valve 10, the exhaust amount per unit time when descending is set larger than the supply amount per unit time when water rises. If the air supply time and the exhaust time are equal, by intermittently exhausting the exhaust air, it becomes impossible to exhaust all the supplied air. Therefore, by increasing the exhaust amount per unit time to make the supply air amount equal to the exhaust air amount, the water in the sorting tank 5 pulsates with a constant vertical width, and stable specific gravity separation becomes possible.

  The sorting screen unit 7 includes a floor net 71 fixed in the sorting tank 5, a partition wall 72 that partitions the floor net 71 into a plurality of compartments, and a plurality of granular materials 73 that are laid in each compartment. Yes. The floor net 71 is formed in a substantially square shape that is substantially the same shape as the plane cross section of the sorting tank 5, and has a mesh size that prevents the granular material 73 from falling. The partition wall 72 is erected in a substantially vertical direction on the floor net 71, and divides the floor net 71 into a plurality of sections as shown in FIG. The granular material 73 is comprised by the spherical body which has suitable specific gravity, such as a stainless steel ball | bowl and a ceramic ball | bowl, and is laid in each division and restrict | limits the passage amount of water.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the particle size of the granular material 73 laid in the section on the input port 11 side is smaller than that on the collection port 13 side. This is for arbitrarily limiting the amount of water that can be pushed upward by the pulsation of water by the vertical pulsating means 6 so that it can pass through the sorting screen portion 7 in accordance with the distance from the recovery port 13. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the water flow is weak and the flow velocity is small on the recovery port 13 side, and the water flow is strong and large on the input port 11 side. Therefore, even if non-ferrous waste including sheet waste is introduced, it is possible to prevent the sheet waste from entering the water due to a strong upward flow on the inlet 11 side. Furthermore, the flow on the water surface can be strengthened. Moreover, not only the structure which adjusts the amount of passing water with the particle size of the granular material 73 as mentioned above but adjusting the laying density of the granular material 73, that is, it lays in the division of the input port 11 side rather than the collection port 13 side. By reducing the laying density of the granular material 73 to be removed, the water flow on the input port 11 side may be strengthened, and the water flow on the recovery port 13 side may be made uniform and gentle.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the sorting screen unit 7 of the present embodiment has a bottom area of a section at a position facing the roof 61 a of the air chamber 61 among the sections, and the input port 11 side and the recovery port 13. It is partitioned so as to have an area larger than the bottom area of the side section. This is because the water pushed up from the left and right of the air chamber 61 joins above the roof 61a of the air chamber 61 and the water flow is disturbed, so that it is necessary to prepare the water. That is, by passing the turbulent flow generated at the confluence through a section having a large bottom area, the passage conditions and conditions can be made substantially equal, and the flow velocity direction and the strength of the water flow are adjusted. On the other hand, on the side of the inlet 11 and the side of the recovery port 13 that are separated from the right above the air chamber 61, the water is pushed straight up so that no significant disturbance occurs. Therefore, the partition area of the floor net 71 is formed small, and the direction of water flow is stably directed by each partition wall 72 so that a desired water surface flow is generated.

  Furthermore, in the sorting screen unit 7, the granular material 73 is accommodated in a mesh container formed in the size of each section. This is because, when the particle size of the granular material 73 is arbitrarily changed depending on the type of waste material to be selected, it can be changed easily and quickly, and the mesh can be easily washed to maintain the selection accuracy. It contributes to.

  Next, the variable wing 8 changes the flow direction of the water pushed up directly by the air chamber 61 to form a water flow that flows horizontally from the input port 11 side to the recovery port 13 side. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of variable blades 8 are arranged side by side between the sorting screen unit 7 and the air chamber 61 at a predetermined interval. Each variable wing 8 can be arbitrarily adjusted in inclination angle. Therefore, in order to maintain the delicate relationship between the generated water surface flow and the vertical pulsating flow, the direction of the water flow in which the inclination direction of each variable blade 8 is appropriately set and the non-ferrous waste material is levitated through the sorting screen portion 7. To be adjusted. As will be described later, in the first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, the vertical pulsating water flow hits the partition wall 72 on the input port 11 side and is reflected on the recovery port 13 side, and the water flow from the input port 11 side to the recovery port 13 side is generated. It is supposed to be generated.

  Next, in the rotary feeder 9, a plurality of collection blades 91 are radially arranged at equal intervals on the outer peripheral surface of a columnar rotating body (not shown). This rotary feeder 9 is provided inside the collection port 13 of each non-ferrous waste material sorting apparatus 1a, 1b, 1c, and is configured to be rotatably driven by a motor or the like. The rotary valve 10 is provided at the lowermost part of the sorting tank 5 and collects the waste material dropped through the sorting screen unit 7. The rotary valve 10 of the present embodiment is controlled so as to be interlocked with the vertical pulsation means 6, and at the time when air is exhausted from the air chamber 61 when collecting copper wire scraps falling from the floor net 71. At the same time, the bottom part is opened, and falling objects are collected while preventing water from being discharged more than necessary.

  Next, differences in configuration or related points from the first non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1a to the third non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1c constituting the non-ferrous waste material sorting system 2 will be described.

  First, the sorting tank 5 will be described. Each sorting tank 5a, 5b, 5c is set such that the amount of water overflowing from the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a is equal to the amount of water received simultaneously by the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b and the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c. Yes. This is because the water surface flow that flows on the water surface of each of the non-ferrous waste material sorting apparatuses 1a, 1b, and 1c continues to flow without being retained. That is, when the amount of water overflowing from the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a is received by the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b, a part of the amount of water is accepted, the remaining amount of water is overflowed, and the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c. However, a part of the amount of water overflowed from the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b is accepted and the rest is overflowed. If a part of the amount of water that is always received in this way overflows, it is not necessary to generate a water surface flow in each of the first to third non-ferrous waste material sorting devices 1a, 1b, 1c, and the first non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1a. The water surface flow can be continuously maintained by the second and third non-ferrous waste material sorting apparatuses 1b and 1c without stagnation of the generated water surface flow. And the sheet-like waste material which floats on the water surface can be selected as it is, without settling in water, that is, without involving other waste materials, by the water surface flow without stagnation.

  In order to satisfy the condition of the amount of water described above, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the planar cross-sectional area of the sorting tank 5a in the first nonferrous waste material sorting device 1a is equal to the second nonferrous waste material sorting device 1b and the third. It is designed to be equal to the sum of the planar cross-sectional areas of the sorting tanks 5b and 5c in the nonferrous waste sorting apparatus 1c. In addition, as long as the above water amount conditions are satisfied, there is no need to provide a difference in the planar cross-sectional areas of the respective sorting tanks 5a, 5b, and 5c. For example, it is theoretically possible to adjust the amount of water to be overflowed by controlling the height of the water surface that moves up and down, but water is separately supplied to the sorting tanks 5b and 5c of the second and third non-ferrous waste sorting devices 1b and 1c. There is a problem that water flow is likely to be disturbed because it must be replenished.

  Next, the particle size relationship of the granular material 73 laid on the floor net 71 will be described. Comparing the particle size of the granular material 73 laid in each section, the first non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1a is formed to be relatively larger than the second and third non-ferrous waste material sorting devices 1b, 1c. Yes. That is, the granular material 73 laid in any section of the floor net 71 in the first nonferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a is laid in the sections in the second and third nonferrous waste sorting apparatuses 1b and 1c corresponding to the section. A particle having a particle size about 1 mm larger than the granular material 73 is used. This is because the first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a plays a role of separating copper wire scraps, resin, and the like as fine as they fall from the mesh of the floor net 71 in the first stage. On the other hand, in the second and third non-ferrous waste sorting apparatuses 1b and 1c, there is no copper wire scraps or the like that are dropped from the floor net 71. This is because a more uniform push-up flow is generated on the floor net 71 by laying the floor.

  Below, the difference in the inclination angle of the variable blade 8 in the 1st-3rd nonferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, 1b, 1c is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 2, the variable blade 8 in the first nonferrous waste sorting device 1 a is inclined in the opposite direction (in the direction of the charging port 11) with respect to the recovery port 13, and the second nonferrous waste sorting device 1 b and the third The variable blade 8 in the nonferrous waste sorting device 1c is inclined in the direction of the recovery port 13. In each case, apart from the vertical pulsation, a water surface flow that flows on the water surface is generated and maintained. In other words, in the first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, the pushed-up water changes direction along the variable wing 8 and abuts on the side wall surface of the inlet 11 and the partition wall 72 of the sorting tank 5 to be reflected. On the other hand, since the non-ferrous waste material is input from the input port 11 together with water, the reflected water flow and the input water flow merge to generate a water surface flow in the direction toward the recovery port 13 (right side in FIG. 2). To do. A rubber sheet or the like flows along with the water surface flow. In the present embodiment, the variable blade 8 of the first non-ferrous waste material sorting apparatus 1a is inclined by 2 to 3 degrees toward the inlet 11 with respect to the vertical direction.

  On the other hand, the second non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1b and the third non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1c do not need to separately generate a water surface flow, and may maintain the flow velocity and directionality of the water surface flow that has already occurred. Therefore, in the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b and the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c, the variable blade 8 is inclined toward the recovery port 13, and the water passing there pushes the non-ferrous waste material as well as the water surface flow. It is designed to boost the flow. The variable blades 8 of the second nonferrous waste sorting device 1b and the third nonferrous waste sorting device 1c are inclined 5 to 10 degrees toward the collection port 13 with respect to the vertical direction.

  Next, the non-ferrous waste material sorting step (step S3) using the non-ferrous waste material sorting system 2 of the present embodiment will be described.

  First, the non-ferrous waste material from which the magnetic waste material has been removed in step S <b> 2 described above is charged into the charging port 11. The introduced non-ferrous waste material is supplied onto the sorting screen unit 7 of the first non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1a by the water wheel type feeder 12 in an appropriate amount. In the sorting tank 5 of the first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, the water pushed up by the variable blades 8 is guided obliquely to the inlet 11 side, and the inlet 11 side is closer to the inlet 11 due to the difference in the density of the granular material 73 in the sorting screen 7. By generating a strong and fast water flow, in addition to vertical pulsation, a water surface flow that flows over the water surface is generated. Sheet waste material rides on this water surface flow and flows out to the second non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1b.

  On the other hand, under the surface of the water, due to the vertical pulsation, the waste material having a high specific gravity settles in the lower layer, and the waste material having a low specific gravity is laminated upward to form a precipitation layer. Since the density of the granular material 73 is high on the collection port 13 side, a gentle water flow pulsation is generated, and a sedimentation layer is formed more gently than the input port 11 side.

  In addition, the air in the air chamber 61 is intermittently exhausted during the descending step of the vertical pulsation cycle, and the amount of exhaust is increased when the descending is resumed. The sorting process is proceeding more reliably.

  In the 1st nonferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, the copper wire waste and the resin waste are dropped from the floor net 71 from the gap by the granular material 73 having a large particle size. Copper wire scraps and the like that have settled at the bottom of the sorting tank 5 are transferred to the next linear waste material sorting step (step S4) by opening the rotary valve 10 in accordance with the exhaust operation from the air chamber 61. .

  In the first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a, harnesses and copper wire scraps settle in the lowermost layer of the sedimented layer on the sorting screen unit 7. When this lowermost layer settles to some extent, the rotary feeder 9 rotates and the sorted waste materials are sequentially separated and collected. On the other hand, waste materials other than harnesses and copper wire scraps flow out to the second non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1b over the recovery port 13.

  Next, in the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b, sheet-like waste material flows on the water surface, and non-ferrous waste material that has not been separated by the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a flows. Water that has overflowed from the sorting tank 5 of the first non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1a is received by the respective sorting tanks 5 of the second non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1b and the third non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1c, and overflowed simultaneously. The Further, the flow on the water surface is maintained by adjusting the strength of the inclined water flow by the variable blade 8 and the water flow by the sorting screen unit 7 and the above-described continuous overflow, and the sheet-like waste material flows on the water surface to the end and is collected.

  Further, in the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b, the particle size of the granular material 73 is set smaller than that of the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a, so the gap between the granular materials 73 is also small, and the pushed-up water is sorted. By passing through the screen part 7, it becomes more uniform. Due to the pulsation of the uniform water, a precipitate layer in which the nonferrous waste material is sorted by the specific gravity difference is formed on the sorting screen unit 7. In the second non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1b, substrate scraps such that copper is sandwiched between the resins are precipitated in the lowermost layer. The lowermost non-ferrous waste material is separated by the rotary feeder 9 and sequentially recovered. The other waste material in the upper layer part flows over the recovery port 13 to the third non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1c.

  Next, in the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c, sheet-like waste flows through the water surface of the first non-ferrous waste sorting device 1a and the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b, and is recovered by the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b. Non-ferrous waste material that did not flow. Similar to the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b, the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c maintains the water surface flow by adjusting the flow velocity of the sorting screen unit 7, the inclined water flow by the variable blade 8, and the continuous overflow. It is quickly transported and collected on the surface of the water without digging under the surface of the water or wrapping up other waste materials.

  On the other hand, on the sorting screen unit 7, non-ferrous metals such as stainless steel and aluminum are precipitated by the up and down pulsations and are sequentially collected by the rotary feeder 9. And lightweight waste materials, such as ABS resin, PS, and vinyl chloride with small specific gravity which were not collect | recovered also in this 3rd non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1c, pass over the collection port 13, and are collect | recovered with a sheet-like waste material. These light-weight waste materials are further crushed in the light-weight waste material crushing step in step S5, and then conveyed to a light-weight waste material sorting device 4 used in a first light-weight waste material sorting step in step S7 described later, and further finely sorted.

  In addition, suspended substances such as urethane, PE, and PP are separately collected by the side trap S provided in the non-ferrous waste material sorting system 2, and are collected after being crushed in the suspended substance crushing step of Step S6.

  In addition, although the particle size of the granular material 73 and the inclination angle of the variable blade 8 in the third non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1c and the second non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1b are formed to be equal, it is not limited to this. Absent. Each value in the third non-ferrous waste sorting device 1c may be equal to or less than the value of the second non-ferrous waste sorting device 1b, and is appropriately set depending on the type of waste to be sorted.

As described above, according to the non-ferrous waste sorting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment,
1. It is possible to sort the mixed waste material based on the difference in specific gravity, and to perform sorting in consideration of the shape, thereby improving the sorting accuracy.
2. Since a lateral flow is generated on the surface of the water, it is possible to prevent the sheet-like waste material from entering the water or wrapping up other waste materials and recover them.
3. The turbulent flow generated by the shape of the roof 61a of the air chamber 61 can be made uniform by passing through the sorting screen section 7, and the flow direction is made orderly with respect to the flow away from the air chamber 61, and mixing is performed. Waste materials can be pulsated up and down appropriately.
4). Since the descent is stopped intermittently when the water descends, it is possible to give a significant difference in the sedimentation speed between the waste materials having different specific gravity differences, to enhance the sorting effect due to the specific gravity difference, and to shorten the sorting processing time.
5). Since the opening / closing operation of the rotary valve 10 is interlocked with the pulsation of the vertical pulsating means 6, it is possible to collect the linear waste material while performing the pulsating operation.

Moreover, according to the non-ferrous waste sorting system 2 of the present embodiment,
1. In order to appropriately set the particle size of the granular material 73, the first sorting tank 5 performs sorting based on the shape of the granular material 73, and the succeeding sorting tank 5 makes the pulsating water uniform to achieve high precision sorting. It can be performed.
2. Since all of the overflowed water from the first sorting tank 5 is received by the succeeding sorting tank 5, the flow rate at the portion to be sent to the next sorting tank 5 is large, the flow velocity near the recovery port 13 is small, and the flow in each sorting tank 5 is reduced. The water flow is stabilized. In addition, under the water surface, it is possible to prevent the waste material to be sorted having a layer formed on the sorting screen unit 7 from being disturbed, and it is possible to smoothly flow out the sheet-like waste material to the next sorting tank 5 on the water surface.
3. In order to appropriately set the inclination angle of the variable blade 8, the lateral flow velocity in the vicinity of the water surface can be maintained up to the final sorting tank 5, and the lateral flow velocity is reduced under the water surface of the subsequent sorting tank 5. There is an effect that vertical pulsation can be secured.

(2) Linear Waste Material Sorting Device Next, the linear waste material sorting device 3 of the present embodiment used in the linear waste material sorting process in step S4 will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure of this wire waste material sorter 3, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure which is the same as that of the nonferrous waste material sorter 1 mentioned above, or it abbreviate | omits description.

  The linear waste material sorting device 3 of the present embodiment is mainly composed of a sorting tank 5 filled with water, vertical pulsation means 6 for pulsating the water in the sorting tank 5 in the vertical direction, and the inside of the sorting tank 5 up and down. A partitioning net 14 for partitioning, a linear waste material separating layer 15 in which spherical objects are spread on the partitioning net 14, a rotary feeder 9 for recovering the waste material that forms a layer on the linear waste material separating layer 15, and a linear waste material The rotary valve 10 collects the waste material that has fallen under the separation layer 15.

  If it demonstrates in detail about each component of the linear waste material sorting device 3 of this embodiment, the partition network 14 is formed in the substantially square of the substantially same shape as the plane cross section of the sorting tank 5, It is fixed horizontally above the air chamber 61. The mesh of the partitioning net 14 is formed to have such a size that a linear waste material can be dropped but a spherical object is not dropped. In the present embodiment, the mesh is formed in a 9 mm mesh.

  Next, the linear waste material separation layer 15 is constituted by a spherical object 15a having a specific gravity smaller than the specific gravity of the linear waste material to be selected among the mixed waste materials and larger than the specific gravity of the remaining other waste materials. In the present embodiment, the stainless sphere 15a that satisfies the condition that the specific gravity is smaller than that of the copper wire scrap and the specific gravity is larger than that of the resin is used. The stainless balls 15a are formed with substantially the same weight and shape. In the linear waste material separation layer 15, a plurality of the above-mentioned stainless balls 15a are spread on the partition net 14 and laminated in three stages.

  On the other hand, the sorting tank 5 needs to be formed in a regular polygonal shape such as a substantially square or a circular shape in a plane section. This is because the linear waste material separation layer 15 moves up and down integrally by making the frictional force between the spherical object 15a spread and the wall surface of the sorting tank 5 substantially equal on each side, and only the linear waste material is moved downward. This is for guidance. Therefore, when the sorting tank 5 has a regular polygonal cross section, the length of one side is set to a value (integer multiple) that is divisible by the diameter of the spherical object 15a, and as shown in FIG. Laid down in contact with. In this embodiment, a spherical object 15a having a 10 mm diameter with respect to 600 mm on one side of the square cross section is used.

  Even if the spherical object 15a is other than the stainless steel ball 15a, other materials may be used as long as the above conditions are satisfied. In this embodiment, as a result of trial and error, the spherical objects 15a are laminated in three layers, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  Next, the linear waste material sorting step (step S4) using the linear waste material sorting device 3 of the present embodiment will be described.

  First, linear waste materials such as copper wire scraps selected in step S <b> 3 described above are input from the input port 11 and fall onto the linear waste material separation layer 15. The linear waste material separation layer 15 moves up and down with the vertical pulsation of water by the vertical pulsation means 6. On the other hand, since the sorting tank 5 is formed in a substantially square shape in cross section in plan view and uses a spherical object 15a having the same weight and shape, the linear waste material separation layer 15 and the inner wall surface of the sorting tank 5 are used. The frictional resistance generated on the contact surface is almost equal. Thereby, each spherical object 15a which comprises the linear waste material separation layer 15 repeats a vertical motion substantially integrally. As shown in FIG. 8, the linear waste material separation layer 15 has appropriate gaps between the spherical objects 15a, so that copper wire scraps and the like having a specific gravity larger than the spherical objects 15a gradually move downward from the gaps. And is finally dropped from the partition 14 to the discharge port.

  Since copper wire scraps are easily entangled, they may become lumps and cannot pass between the spheres 15a as they are, but the spheres 15a of the linear waste material separation layer 15 move up and down integrally to push up the lumps from below. To loosen the lump and allow it to fall through the gap. Furthermore, although copper wire scraps may get caught in the mesh of the partition net 14, each spherical object 15 a repeatedly collides so as to push in the copper wire scraps that are caught from above, so that it drops off from the partition net 14 and drops. It is done. The copper wire scraps separated and separated as described above are discharged from the lowermost part of the sorting tank 5 by the rotary valve 10.

  On the other hand, on the linear waste material separation layer 15, a resin having a high specific gravity (referred to as resin A) is laminated in the lower layer due to the difference in specific gravity among the resin waste, and this is recovered by the rotary feeder 9. The other resin (resin B) having a small specific gravity passes over the collection port 13 and is collected separately.

As described above, according to the linear waste material sorting device 3 of the present embodiment,
1. Copper wire scraps that are easily entangled and difficult to sort depending on the specific gravity difference can be accurately sorted.
2. By limiting the shape of the sorting tank 5, the specific gravity, weight and shape of the spherical object 15a, the vertical pulsation of the linear waste material separation layer 15 can be suppressed so as not to be disturbed, and the tangled copper wire scraps can be loosened and separated. The copper wire scraps caught on the partition net 14 can be separated under the net.
3. Since the opening / closing operation of the rotary valve 10 is interlocked with the vertical pulsation of the vertical pulsating means 6 to collect the copper wire waste during the exhaust operation of the air chamber 61, the drainage can be suppressed as much as possible.

(3) Lightweight Waste Material Sorting Device Next, the lightweight waste material sorting device 4 of this embodiment used in the first lightweight waste material sorting step of Step S7 will be described with reference to FIG. Note that, among the configurations of the lightweight waste material sorting device 4, the same or corresponding components as those of the non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1 and the linear waste material sorting device 3 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted. .

  The lightweight waste material sorting device 4 of the present embodiment is a device for sorting waste materials that are lightweight waste materials such as resin, are easily affected by pulsation, and have a small specific gravity difference. For example, the specific gravity of the polymer compound is 1.35 to 1.55 for vinyl chloride, 1.04 to 1.06 for PS, 0.94 to 0.97 for PE, 0.90 to 0.91 for PP. , ABS is 1.05 to 1.22, all of which have a small specific gravity and a small difference in specific gravity, so that it is difficult to form a sediment layer and it is difficult to sort by the difference in specific gravity. Therefore, the lightweight waste material sorting device 4 is mainly composed of a sorting tank 5 filled with water, vertical pulsation means 6 for pulsating water in the sorting tank 5 in the vertical direction, and an inclination for partitioning the sorting tank 5 up and down. The sorting screen unit 16 and the rotary feeder 9 for collecting the waste material in which the layer is formed on the inclined sorting screen unit 16 are configured.

  The constituent parts of the lightweight waste material sorting apparatus 4 according to the present embodiment will be described in more detail. The inclined sorting screen unit 16 is arranged above the floor net 71 and a floor net 71 that partitions the inside of the sorting tank 5 up and down. A ceiling net 16a and a plurality of granular materials 73 stacked in a gap between the ceiling net 16a and the floor net 71 are provided. Similar to the floor net 71, the ceiling net 16a is formed in a substantially square shape that is substantially the same shape as the plane cross section of the sorting tank 5, and has a mesh that does not allow the granular material 73 to pass through. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the ceiling net 16a is inclined downward toward the recovery port 13 so that a lightweight, lightweight waste material is slowly transferred to the recovery port 13 along the inclined surface. Further, the closer to the collection port 13, the smaller the number of the granular materials 73 and the thinner the thickness of the inclined sorting screen portion 16. This is because when the resin is recovered, the higher the stacking thickness near the recovery port 13 is, the better the sorting quality is. In the vicinity of the recovery port 13, the strength of the water that pushes up the resin is increased. Such a sorting effect by the inclined sorting screen unit 16 is better exhibited when the specific gravity difference is 0.001 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a rotary feeder 9 is provided inside the collection port 13, and a tangential inclination angle β drawn from the upper end of the collection port 13 to the outer periphery of the rotary feeder 9 is a ceiling. It is set to have a magnitude equal to or larger than the inclination angle α of the net 16a. This is because the rotary feeder 9 collects the input lightweight waste material without stagnation. If the inclination angle is reversed, the upper end of the collection port 13 obstructs the path of the waste material drawn into the rotary feeder 9 and the amount of collected waste material is reduced, so that the waste material selected in the sorting tank 5 is reduced. Will stay.

  Further, a pulsation damping plate 18 is suspended from the lower surface of the outflow plate 17 for allowing the waste material to flow into the adjacent sorting tank 5 inside the collection port 13. The pulsation damping plate 18 is used to prevent the upper and lower pulsations from propagating into the recovery port 13, and attenuates the amplitude so that the sorted and separated lightweight waste material does not jet out even if the amplitude of the pulsation changes. . The pulsation damping plate 18 is provided on the rotary feeder 9 and is set to an arbitrary length according to the amplitude of pulsation. For example, when the pulsation cycle is fast, in other words, when the amplitude is small, the length of the pulsation attenuation plate 18 may be shortened. Conversely, when the pulsation cycle is slow, in other words, when the amplitude is large, the length of the pulsation attenuation plate 18 is sufficient. It must be formed long. Note that the lower end of the pulsation damping plate 18 is set to be on a tangent line connecting the recovery port 13 and the rotary feeder 9 described above, so that the recovery amount is not affected. It should be noted that the lower end of the pulsation damping plate 18 may not project below the tangent line. This is to secure a path for the waste material to be collected.

  Further, a waste material vertical movement suppression plate 19 is provided between the recovery port 13 and the pulsation damping plate 18 for suppressing the width in which the recovered lightweight waste material moves up and down. The waste material vertical movement restraining plate 19 is inclined upward in the collecting direction by the rotary feeder 9 so as to reflect the wave transmitted in the collecting port 13 to the rotary feeder 9 side. If the waste material vertical movement suppression plate 19 is inclined downward in the recovery direction, the water that has entered the recovery port 13 is reflected, and the wave attenuated by the pulsation attenuation plate 18 flows back into the sorting tank 5. . The inclination of the waste material vertical movement suppression plate 19 is arbitrarily set by vertical pulsation. For example, when the pulsation cycle is fast and the amplitude is small, the inclination may be small and close to horizontal, but the pulsation cycle is slow and the amplitude is small. If it is large, the slope must be increased.

  Next, the first lightweight waste material sorting step (step S7) using the lightweight waste material sorting device 4 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, lightweight waste materials such as ABS resin, PS, rubber, and the like that have been selected in step S3 and then crushed in step S5 are charged into the charging port 11. The finely pulverized resin out of the introduced lightweight waste material is separately collected by the fine powder collecting unit 20, and the remaining resin is supplied onto the inclined sorting screen unit 16 through the water wheel type feeder 12. In the sorting tank 5, the vertical pulsating means 6 pulsates water in the vertical direction, so that the lightweight waste material is sorted by the specific gravity difference along with this pulsation.

  The lightweight waste material that settles in the lower layer due to the difference in specific gravity is transferred to the collection port 13 side along the inclined surface of the ceiling net 16a while repeating the vertical movement. Therefore, the lightweight waste material that settles on the input port 11 side is also led to the recovery port 13 and recovered without unevenness. On the other hand, the lightweight waste material is laminated thicker toward the collection port 13 on the inclined sorting screen portion 16, but the granular material 73 in the sorting screen is laminated thinner toward the collection port 13 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the flow rate of the water passing near the collection port 13 moves up and down uniformly without decelerating.

  Vinyl chloride and rubbers are precipitated in the lowermost layer, and ABS resin is laminated thereon. Of these, polyvinyl chloride and rubber are recovered by the rotary feeder 9. In the collection port 13, the pulsation in the sorting tank 5 propagates, but the pulsation damping plate 18 attenuates the pulsation of water in the collection port 13, and the vertical movement of the lightweight waste material from which the waste material vertical movement suppression plate 19 is collected. In order to suppress this, the separated and collected lightweight waste material is collected with high sorting accuracy.

  Further, in the vicinity of the recovery port 13, when the lightweight waste material that settles in the lower layer is drawn into the recovery port 13, there is a possibility that the upper layer of lightweight waste material may collapse and be mixed. In order to reduce the vertical movement width of the lightweight waste material in 13, the lightweight waste material is gently collected to prevent the upper-layer waste material from being mixed.

  The recovered vinyl chloride and rubber are transported to the lightweight waste material sorting device 4 used in the second lightweight waste material sorting process in step S8, and further sorted into vinyl chloride and rubbers by this device.

  In this lightweight waste material sorting device 4, as in the non-ferrous waste material sorting device 1 described above, the air in the air chamber 61 is intermittently exhausted when the water in the vertical pulsation cycle of each sorting tank 5 falls, The amount of exhaust per unit time at the time of descent is set larger than the amount of air supply per unit time at the time of water rise, and the force is lowered with a strong force. Therefore, when the water whose descent has been stopped temporarily descents again, the sedimentation speed between the waste materials having different specific gravity differences is amplified, and the specific gravity difference is further increased.

  In the lightweight waste material sorting apparatus 4, the granular material 73 in the inclined sorting screen unit 16 is thinly laminated on the collection port 13 side. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the specific gravity difference of the waste material to be separated is 0. In the case of .5 or less, the inclined sorting screen unit 16 laminated with a certain thickness may be used.

According to the lightweight waste material sorting apparatus 4 of the present embodiment as described above,
1. It is possible to accurately sort mixed waste materials that are light and have a small specific gravity difference, such as resin, by gentle vertical pulsation.
2. By tilting the ceiling net 16a, the light weight waste material that settles to the inlet 11 side can be reliably recovered, and the light weight waste material can be thickly stacked on the recovery port 13 side to improve the sorting quality.
3. The environment in the recovery port 13 can be maintained gently, and it is possible to prevent the once collected lightweight waste material from flowing back and breaking the sediment layer.

  As described above, according to the mixed waste material sorting step of the present embodiment, a wide variety of mixed waste materials having different specific gravities and shapes can be sorted and collected with high accuracy.

  The linear waste material sorting device 3 according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be changed as appropriate.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the non-ferrous waste material sorting system 1 is configured by connecting three non-ferrous waste material sorting devices 1 in series, but the present invention is not limited to this, and according to the number of types of mixed waste materials to be sorted. May be increased or decreased.

  In the present embodiment, water is used for sorting based on the difference in specific gravity. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and salt water may be used when the sorting target is a lightweight object.

It is a flowchart figure which shows the sorting process of the mixed waste material to which the linear waste material sorter concerning the present invention is applied. It is a mimetic diagram showing an embodiment of a nonferrous waste material sorting system provided with a nonferrous waste material sorting device in this embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the air quantity of the air chamber at the time of the air supply by the vertical pulsation means and exhaust_gas | exhaustion of this embodiment, and time. It is a top view of the selection screen part of this embodiment. It is an expansion schematic diagram which shows the nonferrous waste material sorting device of this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the relationship of the sorting tank of each nonferrous waste material sorting device of this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the linear waste material sorting device of this embodiment. It is a top view of the linear waste material separation tank of this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the lightweight waste material sorting device of this embodiment. It is an expansion schematic diagram which shows the lightweight waste material sorting device of this embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1, 1a, 1b, 1c Non-ferrous waste material sorting device 2 Non-ferrous waste material sorting system 3 Linear waste material sorting device 4 Lightweight waste material sorting device 5, 5a, 5b, 5c Sorting tank 6 Vertical pulsation means 7 Sorting screen unit 8 Variable blade 9 Rotary feeder DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rotary valve 11 Input port 12 Waterwheel type feeder 13 Recovery port 14 Partition net 15 Linear waste material separation layer 15a Sphere (stainless steel sphere)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 16 Inclination selection screen part 16a Ceiling net | network 17 Outflow board 18 Pulsation damping board 19 Waste material vertical motion suppression board 20 Fine powder collection part 61 Air chamber 61a Roof 62 Air supply / exhaust port 63 Air blower 64 Air valve 65 Air tank 66 Valve motor 71 Floor network 72 Partition wall 73 Granular material 91 Collection blade S Side trap

Claims (3)

A partitioning tank for partitioning the inside of the tank up and down, and a sorting tank for sorting the mixed waste material put into the upper side of the partitioning net in the liquid by its specific gravity difference,
Up-and-down pulsation means provided with an air chamber that pulsates the liquid in the sorting tank in the up-and-down direction,
Less than the specific gravity of the linear waste material is sorted object of the mixed waste material, and which has a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of the rest of other waste materials, a number of spheres that weight and shape of its is formed on substantially the same And a linear waste material separation layer formed by laying on the partitioning net. In Claim 1, when the said linear waste material separation layer moves up and down along the inner wall surface of the said selection tank, the said sorting tank has the frictional resistance produced between the said linear waste material separation layer and the said inner wall surface. A linear waste material sorting device, wherein the entire inner wall surface is formed in an equal shape.   The linear waste material sorting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sorting tank is formed in a substantially square plane cross section.

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