JP3608539B2 - How to use upsoil generated during offshore improvement work - Google Patents
How to use upsoil generated during offshore improvement work Download PDFInfo
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- JP3608539B2 JP3608539B2 JP2001277516A JP2001277516A JP3608539B2 JP 3608539 B2 JP3608539 B2 JP 3608539B2 JP 2001277516 A JP2001277516 A JP 2001277516A JP 2001277516 A JP2001277516 A JP 2001277516A JP 3608539 B2 JP3608539 B2 JP 3608539B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土を有効利用する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図2及び図3に示すように、陸上12に比較的近い浅瀬11部分にケーソン15を所定の範囲で構築し、該ケーソン15と陸地12間を埋め立て、この埋立て地16を例えば、コンテナーヤードに利用する場合、ケーソン15が構築されるケーソン施工領域13近傍の軟弱地盤111を改良する必要ある。このような海上地盤改良工事は、SCP(サンドコンパクションパイル)船14が使用され、粘性土の軟弱地盤111に多数の締固め砂杭51を打設することにより行われる。この場合、締固め砂杭51に使用される砂、礫などの材料は外部から導入されるものであるため、海上の軟弱地盤である粘性土と砂杭との置換率が高くなると、海上地盤の表面111aが隆起し、盛り上がり土1が発生する。盛り上がり土1は後工程におけるケーソン15の構築の障害となるため、計画高まで浚渫し、除去する必要がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
盛り上がり土1は、含水比が50〜200%と高い粘性土であるため、他の用途には利用し難く、ごく一部の有効利用を除いては、浚渫後、場外へ搬出され廃棄処分されていた。しかしながら、自然環境へ与える影響から処分場の確保についても現状においては困難な場合が多い。そこで、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土1を有効利用することができれば、処分場の確保の問題を解決できる。また、この盛り上がり土1をその場で有効利用できれば、場外への搬出コストが削減でき、更に都合が良い。
【0004】
従って、本発明の目的は、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土を有効利用することにより、処分量の削減を図ることにあり、また、本発明の他の目的は、この盛り上がり土をその場で使用して、場外への搬出コストを低減することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる実情において、本発明者らは鋭意検討を行った結果、海上地盤改良工事で発生した高含水比の盛り上がり土に、改質材と粗粒材を適当量配合し、特定の物性を有する混合土を得れば、締固め砂杭打設用に適した中詰め材料が得られ、該盛り上がり土の有効利用が図れることなどを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土、改質材及び粗粒材を混合して、含水比25%以下、塑性指数20以下、細粒分含有率15%以上の混合土を得、該混合土を締固め砂杭造成用の中詰め材料として使用する海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土の利用方法を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土と改質材を混合して、改質土を得、次いで、該改質土と粗粒材を混合して、含水比25%以下、塑性指数20以下、細粒分含有率15%以上の混合土を得、該混合土を締固め砂杭造成用の中詰め材料として使用する海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土の利用方法を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、盛り上がり土とは、海上の粘性土地盤に締固め砂杭を多数造成する際、発生する隆起した土を言う。海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土は、含水比50〜200%、多くは80〜150%の粘性土である。含水比は土に含まれる水重量と乾燥土重量との比率を言い、JIS A1203「水の含水比試験方法」で得られる値である。この盛り上がり土は従来、浚渫され場外の処分場に搬出されていたものである。本発明においては、海上地盤の計画高まで浚渫された後、改質材および粗粒材と混合されるため、海上の改質船上の混合場所や混合機または陸上の所定の混合場所などへ搬出される。
【0008】
改質材としては、前記盛り上がり土の含水量を減少させるものであればよく、例えば、生石灰、ポリマー系吸湿材、セメントなどの脱水系材料が挙げられる。このうち、生石灰が入手のし易さ及び混合土を特定の物性値に調整し易い点で好適である。粗粒材は含水比を低下させると共に、塑性指数を低下させるために配合される。粗粒材としては、砂、礫などを主成分とする天然の砂質土や砕石などの人工の粗粒成分含有物が挙げられる。粗粒材には粘土、シルトなどの細粒成分は、最大15%程度含んでいてもよいが、該細粒成分はできるだけ少ない方が、粗粒材の配合量を低減できる点で好適である。
【0009】
本発明において、前記盛り上がり土、改質材および粗粒材を混合する方法としては、特に制限されず、上記3つの原料を一度に混合する方法、前記盛り上がり土と改質材を混合して、ハンドリングに優れた改質土を予め製造し、次いで、該改質土と粗粒材を混合して混合土を得る方法などが挙げられる。このうち、前記盛り上がり土と改質材を混合して、ハンドリングに優れた改質土を製造し、次いで、該改質土と粗粒材を混合する方法が、ハンドリングがよいこと、および後述する混合土の特定の物性を得るための調整が行い易い点で好ましい。
【0010】
前記3つの原料の配合比率としては、後述する所定の物性が得られるような配合比率が適宜選択される。一例を示せば、盛り上がり土1m3に対して、改質材50〜200kg、通常は100kg程度混合して、含水比を低下させた改質土を得、次いで、該改質土100重量部に対して、粗粒材を40〜150重量部混合すればよい。
【0011】
前記方法で得られた混合土は、含水比25%以下、塑性指数20以下、細粒分含有率15%以上であり、通常、含水比5〜25%、塑性指数0〜20、細粒分15〜70%である。塑性指数は土の塑性状態と液性状態の境界の含水比(液性限界)と土の半固体状態と塑性状態の境界の含水比(塑性限界)の差で表される。塑性指数は透水係数と相関し、塑性係数が20以下の場合に所定の透水係数が確保され、これにより土のケーシングからの排出が良好になる。逆に、塑性指数が20を越えるものは、所定の透水係数が確保できず、ケーシングからの材料の抜けが悪くなる傾向にある。この理由は、所定の透水係数が確保されると、土のケーシングからの排出に必要とされる透気性が確保されるためである。塑性指数は、JIS A1205「土の液性限界・塑性限界試験方法」により求められる。また、混合土の物性が上記範囲内であれば、砂杭施工で使用されるケーシングへの投入や排出が容易であり、また、ケーシング内の移動が円滑となり、中詰め材料として好適なものとなる。細粒分は、粘土分およびシルト分であり、粒径が0.075mm以下の粒度を有するものである。なお、粒径は、JIS A1204「土の粒度試験方法」により求められるものである。
【0012】
前記物性を有する混合土は陸上又は海上の砂杭系地盤改良工法における中詰め材料として使用される。砂杭系地盤改良工法としては、締固め砂杭工法が挙げられる。更に、該混合土は、前記海上地盤改良工事内で造成する締固め砂杭用の中詰め材料として使用すれば、場外への盛り上がり土の搬出コストを削減することができる点で好適である。陸上の砂杭系地盤改良工法の対象地盤としては、特に制限されないが、含水比がやや高めの粘性土であれば、本発明に係る特定の物性値を有する混合土を該工法の中詰め材料として有効に活用することができる。
【0013】
次に、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土を、該海上地盤改良工事内で造成する締固め砂杭用の中詰め材料として使用する方法を図1を参照して説明する。図1(A)は本例の海上地盤改良工事を説明するための模式図であり、図1(B)は海上地盤改良工事の完成された状態を示す模式図である。図1において、右向きの矢印は砂杭の打設方向を示す。
【0014】
本例の地盤改良工事では、改質土船2、混合土船(以下、SCP船とも言う)3、粗粒材船4および図では省略する浚渫船が使用される。改質土船2は改質土を製造する場所となり、且つ改質土を混合土船3に搬送する役目をし、改質材貯槽21、不図示の混合機及びグラブ付きクレーンを備える。混合土船3は混合土を製造する場所となるもので、混合設備31と締固め砂杭打設機32を備える。粗粒材船4は粗粒材を貯留し、該粗粒材を混合土船3に搬送する役目をし、粗粒材貯槽41及び不図示のグラブ付きクレーンを備える。工事の規模が大きい場合、粗粒材船4に積載された粗粒材を一時的にストックするガット船を更に用い、粗粒材船4をガット船と陸上間を往復する粗粒材の運搬船としてもよい。
【0015】
海上の軟弱地盤111は混合土船に付設される締固め砂杭打設機32により多数の砂杭が造成される。締固め砂杭打設工法は公知の方法が利用できる。すなわち、締固め砂杭打設工法は、例えば、ケーシングを海上地盤中の設計深度まで貫入した後、地表まで引き抜く過程で、前記ケーシングを一定深さ引き抜き、ここで管内に投入された砂などの中詰め材を排出する引き抜き工程と、前記ケーシングを再び貫入して排出砂などを締固める再貫入工程とを繰り返して行うことにより、所定の強度に締固めた砂杭を造成し、海上の軟弱地盤を改良する工法である。海上地盤と砂杭の置換率、すなわち、海上地盤の地盤改良率が30〜95%、特に、50〜95%であれば、地盤改良が十分行われると共に、盛り上がり土1が有効利用できる十分な量を発生するため本発明では有効である。海上地盤改良工事の初期は砂杭の中詰め材料は従来使用されている砂、砕石等が使用される。初期段階の砂杭施工により、改良地盤上に盛り上がり土が発生してくる。
【0016】
発生した盛り上がり土1は不図示の浚渫機で改質土船2の混合機に運ばれる(矢印a)。改質土船2では該混合機により、改質材貯槽21に貯留された改質材(矢印b)と前記盛り上がり土が混合され、改質土が製造される。この改質土は含水比が低減されているためハンドリング性に優れる。該改質土はグラブ付きクレーンなどでSCP船3に運ばれ(矢印c)、粗粒材船4からグラブ付きクレーンなどで移送された粗粒材(矢印d)と混合設備31により混合されて所定の物性を有する混合土となる。
【0017】
得られた混合土は砂杭施工用の中詰め材料としては、好適なものであり、以後の砂杭の打設からはこの中詰め材料が使用される。上記のように、盛り上がり土の浚渫、混合土の製造、およびこの混合土を中詰め材料とする砂杭の打設、この砂杭の打設に伴う盛り上がり土の発生、という以上のサイクルを繰り返し行うことで、本例の地盤改良工事は施工される。工事終盤では盛り上がり土は余ることになり、処分されるが、従来の処分量に比べると遥かに少量である。
【0018】
このように、本例の海上地盤改良工事によれば、図1(B)に示すように、海上の軟弱地盤は改良されると共に、発生する盛り上がり土1の処分量を極力減らして、有効利用できる。改良された地盤は置換率が中置換の30〜50%、好適には高置換の50〜95%であり、優れた強度の地盤を得ることができる。また、発生する盛り上がり土を場外へ搬出することなくその場で使用できるため、搬出コストを低減することができる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、海上地盤改良工事で発生する盛り上がり土を有効利用することにより、処分量の削減を図ることができる。また、この盛り上がり土をその場で使用すれば、場外への搬出コストを低減することができる。また、海上地盤の地盤改良率が、特に、50〜95%であれば、優れた地盤強度が得られると共に、盛り上がり土1が有効利用できる十分な量を発生するため本発明では有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(A)は本例の海上地盤改良工事を説明するための模式図であり、(B)は海上地盤改良工事の完成された状態を示す模式図である。
【図2】従来の海上地盤改良工事を施工する領域を説明するための平面図である。
【図3】従来の海上地盤改良工事を説明するための図であり、(A)は改良工事中、(B)は改良工事終了後の状態をそれぞれ示す。
【符号の説明】
1 盛り上がり土
2 改質土船
3 混合土船(SCP船)
4 粗粒材
5 改良域
11 海の浅瀬
12 陸上
13 ケーソン施工領域
14 SCP船
15 ケーソン
16 埋立て地
21 改質材貯槽
31 混合設備
32 締固め砂杭打設機
41 粗粒材貯槽
51 締固め砂杭
111 軟弱地盤
151 砂利や砕石などでつくる基礎[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for effectively using upsoil generated in offshore ground improvement work.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The raised soil 1 is a viscous soil having a high water content ratio of 50 to 200%, so it is difficult to use it for other purposes. Except for a small portion of its effective use, it is taken out of the field and disposed of after disposal. It was. However, it is often difficult to secure a disposal site because of its impact on the natural environment. Therefore, the problem of securing a disposal site can be solved if the rising soil 1 generated in the offshore ground improvement work can be effectively used. Further, if the raised soil 1 can be effectively used on the spot, the cost for carrying it out of the hall can be reduced, which is more convenient.
[0004]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of disposal by effectively using the uplifted soil generated in the offshore ground improvement work, and another object of the present invention is to use the uplifted soil on the spot. It is used to reduce the cost of carrying out to the outside.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Under such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and as a result, mixed with appropriate amounts of modifiers and coarse particles in the high water content swell generated by the offshore ground improvement work, and having specific physical properties. When the soil was obtained, a filling material suitable for compacting sand piles was obtained, and it was found that the raised soil could be used effectively, and the present invention was completed.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a mixed soil having a water content ratio of 25% or less, a plasticity index of 20 or less, and a fine particle content of 15% or more by mixing uplifted soil, reforming material and coarse-grained material generated in offshore ground improvement work. And providing a method for utilizing the uplifted soil generated in the offshore ground improvement work that uses the mixed soil as a filling material for compacting sand piles.
Further, the present invention mixes uplifted soil generated in offshore ground improvement work and a modifying material to obtain a modified soil, and then mixes the modified soil with a coarse material, and the moisture content is 25% or less. A method for using uplifted soil generated in offshore ground improvement work in which a mixed soil having a plasticity index of 20 or less and a fine particle content of 15% or more is obtained and the mixed soil is compacted and used as a filling material for sand pile formation It is to provide.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the rising soil refers to the raised soil that is generated when a large number of compacted sand piles are formed on the viscous ground at sea. The uplifting soil generated by the offshore ground improvement work is a viscous soil having a water content of 50 to 200%, and most of which is 80 to 150%. The water content ratio refers to the ratio of the weight of water contained in the soil to the weight of the dry soil, and is a value obtained by JIS A1203 “Test method for water content of water”. This uplifting soil has been dredged and shipped to a disposal site outside the site. In the present invention, after dredging to the planned height of the offshore ground, it is mixed with the reforming material and coarse-grained material, so that it is transported to a mixing place on a marine reforming ship, a mixer or a predetermined mixing place on land. Is done.
[0008]
Any modifier may be used as long as it reduces the water content of the raised soil, and examples thereof include dehydrated materials such as quicklime, polymer-based hygroscopic material, and cement. Among these, quick lime is suitable because it is easily available and the mixed soil is easily adjusted to a specific physical property value. Coarse-grained material is blended in order to lower the water content ratio and lower the plastic index. Examples of the coarse-grained material include artificial coarse-grained components such as natural sandy soil and crushed stone mainly composed of sand and gravel. The coarse-grained material may contain fine-grain components such as clay and silt at a maximum of about 15%. However, it is preferable that the fine-grained components are as small as possible because the amount of the coarse-grained material can be reduced. .
[0009]
In the present invention, the method of mixing the embankment soil, the modifying material and the coarse material is not particularly limited, the method of mixing the three raw materials at once, mixing the embankment soil and the modifying material, Examples include a method in which a modified soil excellent in handling is produced in advance, and then the modified soil and coarse particles are mixed to obtain a mixed soil. Among these, the method of mixing modified soil and the modified material to produce modified soil excellent in handling, and then mixing the modified soil and the coarse-grained material has good handling and will be described later. This is preferable in that adjustment for obtaining specific physical properties of the mixed soil is easy.
[0010]
As a blending ratio of the three raw materials, a blending ratio capable of obtaining predetermined physical properties described later is appropriately selected. For example, 50 to 200 kg of a modifying material, usually about 100 kg, is mixed with 1 m 3 of the rising soil to obtain a modified soil having a reduced water content ratio, and then to 100 parts by weight of the modified soil. In contrast, 40 to 150 parts by weight of the coarse material may be mixed.
[0011]
The mixed soil obtained by the above method has a water content of 25% or less, a plasticity index of 20 or less, and a fine particle content of 15% or more. Usually, the water content is 5 to 25%, the plasticity index is 0 to 20, and the fine particle content is 15-70%. The plasticity index is expressed by the difference between the water content ratio (liquidity limit) at the boundary between the plastic state and the liquid state of the soil and the water content ratio (plasticity limit) at the boundary between the semisolid state and the plastic state of the soil. The plasticity index correlates with the water permeability coefficient, and when the plasticity coefficient is 20 or less, a predetermined water permeability coefficient is ensured, thereby improving the discharge of the soil from the casing. On the other hand, when the plastic index exceeds 20, a predetermined water permeability coefficient cannot be ensured, and the material does not easily escape from the casing. This is because, when a predetermined water permeability coefficient is ensured, the air permeability required for discharging from the soil casing is ensured. The plasticity index is determined according to JIS A1205 “Soil liquid limit / plastic limit test method”. In addition, if the physical properties of the mixed soil are within the above range, it can be easily charged into and discharged from the casing used in sand pile construction, and the movement within the casing is smooth, making it suitable as a filling material. Become. The fine particles are clay and silt, and have a particle size of 0.075 mm or less. In addition, a particle size is calculated | required by JIS A1204 "Soil particle size test method".
[0012]
The mixed soil having the above physical properties is used as a filling material in a sand pile type ground improvement method on land or on the sea. As a sand pile type ground improvement method, a compacted sand pile method can be mentioned. Furthermore, if this mixed soil is used as an intermediate filling material for compacted sand piles to be created in the above-mentioned offshore ground improvement work, it is preferable in that the cost of carrying out the rising soil to the outside can be reduced. The target ground of the land sand pile-based ground improvement method is not particularly limited, but if the soil has a slightly higher water content, the mixed material having specific physical property values according to the present invention is used as a filling material for the method. Can be used effectively as
[0013]
Next, a method of using the raised soil generated in the offshore ground improvement work as an filling material for compacted sand piles created in the offshore ground improvement work will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 (A) is a schematic diagram for explaining the offshore ground improvement work of this example, and FIG. 1 (B) is a schematic view showing a completed state of the offshore ground improvement work. In FIG. 1, the arrow pointing to the right indicates the direction of sand pile placement.
[0014]
In the ground improvement work of this example, a modified earth ship 2, a mixed earth ship (hereinafter also referred to as an SCP ship) 3, a coarse material ship 4 and a dredger omitted in the figure are used. The modified earth ship 2 serves as a place for producing the modified earth and serves to transport the modified earth to the
[0015]
A large number of sand piles are formed on the
[0016]
The raised soil 1 generated is conveyed to the mixer of the modified earth ship 2 by a dredger (not shown) (arrow a). In the modified earth ship 2, the modified material (arrow b) stored in the modified
[0017]
The obtained mixed soil is suitable as an intermediate filling material for sand pile construction, and this intermediate filling material is used for the subsequent placement of the sand pile. As mentioned above, the above-mentioned cycle of uplifting dredging, mixed soil production, sand pile placement using this mixed soil as a filling material, and generation of uplifted soil accompanying this sand pile placement is repeated. By doing so, the ground improvement work in this example is performed. At the end of the construction, the surging soil will remain and will be disposed of, but it is much smaller than the conventional disposal amount.
[0018]
Thus, according to the offshore ground improvement work of this example, as shown in FIG. 1 (B), the soft ground at the sea is improved and the disposal amount of the raised soil 1 is reduced as much as possible to effectively use it. it can. The improved ground has a substitution rate of 30 to 50% of medium substitution, preferably 50 to 95% of high substitution, and can obtain a ground having excellent strength. Moreover, since the raised soil which generate | occur | produces can be used on the spot without carrying out outside, the carrying-out cost can be reduced.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of disposal by effectively using the rising soil generated in the offshore ground improvement work. Moreover, if this uplifting soil is used on the spot, the carrying-out cost to the outside of a field can be reduced. Moreover, when the ground improvement rate of the marine ground is 50 to 95%, it is effective in the present invention because an excellent ground strength can be obtained and a sufficient amount of the raised soil 1 can be effectively used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram for explaining an offshore ground improvement work of this example, and FIG. 1B is a schematic view showing a completed state of an offshore ground improvement work.
FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining a region where a conventional marine ground improvement work is performed.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining conventional offshore ground improvement work, where FIG. 3A shows a state during the improvement work, and FIG. 3B shows a state after the completion of the improvement work.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Rise soil 2
4
Claims (5)
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JP2001277516A JP3608539B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2001-09-13 | How to use upsoil generated during offshore improvement work |
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JP2001277516A JP3608539B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2001-09-13 | How to use upsoil generated during offshore improvement work |
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JP4593496B2 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2010-12-08 | 株式会社不動テトラ | How to create an artificial tidal flat |
CN101845815A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-29 | 同济大学 | Method for calculating and processing uprush plastic failures of confined water foundation pits of soft soil strata |
JP2014109179A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Shimizu Corp | Sand compaction pile construction method |
CN103122635B (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2015-01-14 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司 | Foundation pit confined water resistant system and uprush stability judging method thereof |
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