JP3604267B2 - Electrophotographic toner - Google Patents

Electrophotographic toner Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3604267B2
JP3604267B2 JP35514697A JP35514697A JP3604267B2 JP 3604267 B2 JP3604267 B2 JP 3604267B2 JP 35514697 A JP35514697 A JP 35514697A JP 35514697 A JP35514697 A JP 35514697A JP 3604267 B2 JP3604267 B2 JP 3604267B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
fine particles
toner
particles
release agent
fixing
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JP35514697A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11184140A (en
Inventor
昌秀 山下
八郎 登坂
富美雄 近藤
慎一郎 八木
理 内野倉
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Priority to JP35514697A priority Critical patent/JP3604267B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複写機、プリンタ、ファクシミリ等の電子写真方式を用いた画像形成装置に用いる電子写真用トナーに関し、詳しくは、定着時にシリコーンオイル等の離型剤を定着部材に塗布する事無く、熱圧定着を行う、いわゆるオイルレス定着方式に用いられる、電子写真用トナーに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、電子写真方式による画像形成装置では、熱溶融性トナー粉末を用いて、紙等の画像担持体上に可視像を形成し、これを加熱溶融して定着させ画像を得ている。
【0003】
一般に、定着には、熱効率面や定着機構の簡便さ、定着部材の製造コスト面等から、定着ローラー等の定着部材を直接未定着画像に圧接して、トナーを熱溶融し紙等の画像担持体に定着を行う方法、すなわち熱圧定着法が採られている。この様な定着方法では、定着部材は、溶融したトナーが介在した状態で、画像担持体から離れる事となる。
【0004】
よって、定着部材表面と溶融トナーとの接着性が高い場合には、定着部材に溶融トナーが付着し、定着部材が再度画像担持体に接する際に、画像担持体の非画像部にオフセットする、いわゆるホットオフセットが発生しやすくなる。
【0005】
ホットオフセットを防止するためには、一般的には離型剤としてシリコーンオイル等を定着部材表面に塗布してやれば良いが、そのためには、離型剤の塗布機構を定着機構側に設ける必要があり、イニシャルコスト面で不利になるばかりでなく、離型剤の補給が必要であるため、ランニングコスト面でも不利にならざるを得ない。
【0006】
この様な要求から、近年では、離型剤を用いることなく熱圧定着を行う、オイルレス定着方式の採用が、小型の画像形成装置を中心に多く見られるようになってきている。これらオイルレス定着を行うには、▲1▼トナー組成中に離型成分を含有させる,▲2▼定着時にトナーと定着部材との間の離型性を高める等の方法が必要であり、これまでにも様々な提案がなされている。
【0007】
これらのうち電子写真用トナー組成により定着性の改善が提案されている例を挙げると、
特開昭50−28840 スチレン系樹脂及び高融点パラフィンワックスを含有する。
【0008】
特開昭60−252364 特定の構造を持つアルキレンビス脂肪酸アミド化合物よりなる離型剤を含有する。
特開昭61−77862 離型剤としてエステル成分を20重量%重量以上含有し針人度が4以下のワックスを含む。
【0009】
特開昭61−83515 定着用樹脂媒質中にオキシカルボン酸錯塩及び離型剤を含有する。
特開平1−109360 離型剤として酸価ライスワックスを用いる。
特開平2−253067 離型剤が結着剤樹脂樹脂100重量%に対して1〜3重量%の割合で内添、かつ0.5〜1重量%外添する。
等がある。
【0010】
しかしながら、これらの提案によっては、一応のオイルレス定着は可能となるものの、良好な定着性を得るための定着温度の幅が極端に狭くなる場合があったり、定着性以外の部分で、トナーの安定性や画像品質の面で不具合が生じる場合があった。
【0011】
これら不具合の一例としては、トナー中に離型剤としてワックスを含むような組成では、ワックスの結晶性の高さ、相転移のし易さ、結晶化時の体積変化の大きさのために、十分な透明性を得ることは困難であり、高い透明性の要求されるカラー画像形成用のトナーには不向きとなる事が挙げられる。
この点は、これまでオイルレス定着方式がカラー画像の作像用途に受け入れられなかった大きな要因となっている。
【0012】
また、特開平2−235067に見られるような、離型剤を外添するような方法では、例えば一成分現像方式のトナー粒子帯電時の様に、比較的大きな摩擦力がトナーにかかる場合、現像スリーブや薄層化ブレードに離型剤が固着し、画像に欠陥を発生させるといった問題点が有る。
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする手段】
本発明は、上記の様な現状の問題点に鑑み、特定の微粒子を外添剤として用いることによって、充分な離型性を保ち、耐ホットオフセット性に優れた、小型機や、カラー画像に対応可能な、電子写真用トナー組成を提供する事を目的とする。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記諸課題は、以下に示す特定の微粒子を電子写真用トナー添加剤として用いる事により解決することができる。
即ち本発明の第1の構成は、少なくとも着色剤、結着剤樹脂を混練粉砕した粒子に、微粒子を外添して成る電子写真用トナーにおいて、該微粒子が、多孔質または高次構造をとる微粒子骨格の空隙部分に、熱溶融の離型剤を内在した無機微粒子(A)である事を特徴とする電子写真用トナーである。
【0015】
本発明における電子写真用トナーでは、定着時における定着部材との離型性を発現する機能を、外添微粒子に持たせる事により、着色剤、結着剤樹脂を含むトナー粒子(以下、母体粒子)の透明性を保つと共に、離型剤そのものを外添した場合に発生する問題点を発生させる事無く、画像形成、熱圧定着を行う事ができる。
【0016】
この様な、外添微粒子は、例えば、シリカ、チタニア、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、クレイ、タルク等の多孔質または高次構造をとる微粒子を骨格とし、この空隙部分にポリエチレンワックス、プロピレンワックス、カルナウバワックス、シリコーンオイル誘導体、フッ素オイル誘導体等の離型剤を1種類以上含有させる事により実現できる。
【0017】
該微粒子(A)は、母体粒子に外添されてトナーを形成し、現像装置内で長期に渡って使用される。該微粒子(A)に内在する離型剤が、一般的なシリコーンオイルの様に、常温において液状である場合には、長期の保存によって組成成分が出し、母体粒子側へ移行する事が有り、トナー特性の経時変化として画像の安定性を損なう場合がある。従って、特に、常温において固形のワックスを使用する事が、長期に渡るトナーの安定性の面から好ましいものである。
【0018】
これらの微粒子(A)は、例えば、上記の様な骨格微粒子を該離型剤と加熱しつつ混合し、十分に両者を馴染ませた後、冷却、解砕することにより作製することができる。この他の作製方法としては、該離型剤を溶剤に溶解し、これに骨格微粒子を分散し、加熱乾燥、減圧乾燥等の方法により溶剤成分を除去後、解砕することによっても作製することができる。また、該離型剤を骨格微粒子の空隙内に十分に取り込ませるためには、減圧し空隙内の空気を除去しつつ、上記混合、分散を行なえば良い。
【0019】
本発明の第2の構成では、少なくとも着色剤、結着剤樹脂を混練粉砕した粒子に、微粒子を外添して成る電子写真用トナーにおいて、該微粒子が、多孔質または高次構造をとる微粒子骨格の空隙部分に、熱溶融性の離型剤を内在した無機微粒子(A)及び疎水化処理された金属酸化物粒子(B)である事を特徴とする電子写真用トナーである。
【0020】
本発明における微粒子(A)の主たる機能は、定着時の離型性を発現させる事であり、該微粒子(A)の種類によっては、トナーとして十分な流動性が得られない場合がある。この様な場合には、該微粒子(A)及び疎水化処理された金属酸化物粒子(B)を併用することにより、十分なトナー流動性を保持しつつ、離型性を発現させることができる。
【0021】
この様な疎水性金属酸化物粒子(B)としては、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニアやこれらの複合酸化物粒子表面を、ジメチルシラン、トリメチルシラン、ヘキサメチルジシラザン、メチル−フェニルシラン等のシリカ系化合物やこれらの誘導体による表面処理剤に代表される、公知の物を使用することができる。
【0022】
また、本発明における該微粒子(A)の添加量は、母体粒子に対して3.0〜10.0重量%である事が好ましい。添加量がこれを下回る場合には、定着の方法によっては、十分な離型性が得られない場合が有る。
【0023】
一方、過剰な微粒子(A)の添加は、トナーの保存安定性を損ねるばかりでなく、微粒子間の凝集による巨大粒子の発生を引き起こし、画像品質を低下させる事が有る。微粒子(A)の添加量を上述の範囲とする事により、この様な不具合を発生させる事無く、十分な定着離型性を発現させる事ができる。
【0024】
また、疎水性金属酸化物粒子(B)を併用する場合には、該微粒子(A)及び(B)の比率は、2:1〜10:1である事が好ましい。該微粒子(A)の割合がこの範囲より小さい場合には、相対的に疎水性金属酸化物微粒子(B)の添加量が多くなり、地肌カブリやトナー飛散といった問題が出る事がある。逆に割合がこの範囲より大きな場合には、十分なトナー流動性が得られずに画像中抜け等の画質の低下が生じる事がある。
【0025】
更に、該微粒子(A)の大きさは、疎水性金属酸化物粒子(B)の大きさより大きい事が好ましく、具体的には、その平均粒子径の比が5:1〜100:1の程度であれば、より好ましい。
該微粒子の大きさが逆転しているような場合には、定着時において、離型剤を含んだ粒子から滲出した離型剤が、熱溶融したトナーと定着部材との間まで到達できず、ホットオフセットが発生する事がある。
【0026】
本発明のトナー粒子に使用される結着剤樹脂の一例としては、ポリスチレン、ポリp−クロロスチレン、ポリビニルトルエン等のスチレン及びその置換体の単重合体:スチレン/p−クロロスチレン共重合体、スチレン/プロピレン共重合体、スチレン/ビニルトルエン共重合体、スチレン/ビニルナフタレン共重合体、スチレン/アクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン/アクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン/アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン/アクリル酸オクチル共重合体、スチレン/メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン/メタクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン/メタクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン/α−クロルメタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン/アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン/ビニルメチルケトン共重合体、スチレン/ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン/イソフレン共重合体、スチレン/マレイン酸共重合体等のスチレン系共重合体:ポリアクリル酸メチル、ポリアクリル酸ブチル、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、ポリメタクリル酸ブチル等のアクリル酸エステル系単重合体やその共重合体:ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル等のポリビニル誘導体:ポリエステル系重合体、ポリウレタン系重合体、ポリアミド系重合体、ポリイミド系重合体、ポリオール系重合体、エポキシ系重合体、テルペン系重合体、脂肪族または脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂などが挙げられ、単独あるいは混合して使用できるが特にこれらに限定するものではない。中でも、スチレン−アクリル系共重合樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリオール系樹脂より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上であることが、結着性、透明性、コスト面等から、より好ましいものである。
【0027】
また、本発明のトナー粒子に使用される着色剤としては、従来からトナー用着色剤として使用されてきた顔料及び染料の全てが適用される。具体的には、カーボンブラック、ランプブラック、鉄黒、群青、ニグロシン染料、アニリンブルー、フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニングリーン、ハンザイエローG、ローダミン6Cレーキ、カルコオイルブルー、クロムイエロー、キナクリドンレッド、ベンジジンイエロー、ローズベンガル、トリアリルメタン系染料等、従来公知の顔染料類を単独あるいは混合して用いることができる。
【0028】
磁性一成分トナーにおいては、トナー粒子中に磁性体として、フェライト、マグネタイト、マグヘマタイト等の酸化鉄類、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル等の金属あるいは、これらと他の金属との合金、及びこれらの混合物を含有させればよい。この他、帯電の立ち上がりをより良くするための電荷制御剤としては、一般に知られているものが使用でき、例えば、アミノ基含有ビニル系コポリマー、四級アンモニウム塩化合物、ニグロシン染料、ポリアミン樹脂、イミダゾール化合物、アジン系染料、トリフェニルメタン系染料、グアニジン化合物、レーキ顔料等の正帯電性電荷制御剤や、カルボン酸誘導体及びこの金属塩、アルコキシレート、有機金属錯体、キレート化合物等の負帯電性電荷制御剤を、単独または混合して、トナー粒子中への混練物および/または添加物とすることができる。
以下に、本発明で使用される微粒子(A)の製造例を示す。
【0029】
微粒子(A)製造例1
多孔質シリカ粒子100重量部、カルナウバワックス40重量部及びトルエン2000重量部を密閉容器に入れ、十分に馴染ませた後に、減圧し空隙内の空気を離型剤のトルエン溶液で満たし、更に減圧を継続して溶剤であるトルエンを除去する事により、空隙内に離型剤成分を析出させた。
この処理物を、解砕・分級して、平均粒子径0.15μmの離型剤含有微粒子(A−1)を得た。
【0030】
微粒子(A)製造例2
軽質炭酸カルシウム粒子100重量部及びポリプロピレンワックス50重量部を密閉容器に入れ、140℃に加熱下、減圧した状態で2時間撹拌し、軽質炭酸カルシウム粒子空隙内に離型剤を内在させた。
この処理物を室温まで冷却後、解砕・分級して、平均粒子径0.18μmの離型剤含有微粒子(A−2)を得た。
【0031】
【発明の実施の形態】
これより、実施例において本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
ここで、「部」は全て重量部を示す。
【0032】
また、ホットオフセット温度は、1mg/cmのトナー付着量となるように、紙上に未定着の略均一トナー層をカスケード法によって形成して、様々な温度に設定した線速50mm/secのフッ素樹脂表面を持つ定着ローラー間を通過させて、ホットオフセットの発生する最低の温度を測定した。なお、設定温度は5℃刻みとし、測定値は定着部材表面温度とした。
【0033】
実施例1
アクリル樹脂:三菱レーヨン社製 BR−83 94部
カーボンブラック:三菱カーボン社製#44 5部
クロム含金属染料:保土ケ谷化学工業社製 AIZON
SPILON BLACK TRH 1部
上記組成の混合物を、二軸混練機にて30分間混練後、粉砕・分級して平均粒径約8.0μmの母体粒子を得た。
【0034】
この母体粒子100部に、トナー添加剤として、前記の微粒子製造例1により得られた微粒子(A−1)5部をミキサーにて混合し、トナーを得た。
このトナーを用いて、ホットオフセット発生温度の測定及び、非磁性一成分現像方式の画像試験機にて初期、経時後の画像試験を行った。なお、画像試験機はリコー製SL−1100を改造し使用した。
【0035】
また、経時画像品質は、密閉容器に封入し40℃の恒温槽にて1ヶ月間放置後取り出したトナーを用いた。
試験結果を表1に記す。
【0036】
実施例2
トナー添加剤として、前記の微粒子製造例2により得られた微粒子(A−2)5部及び、表面をジメチルシランにより処理した疎水性シリカ粒子(平均粒子径:0.015μm)1部を併用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験を行った。試験結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
実施例3
微粒子(A−1)の添加量を15部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験を行なった。試験結果を表1に示す。
実施例4
トナー添加剤として、前記の微粒子製造例2により得られた微粒子(A−2)5部及び、表面をジメチルシランにより処理した疎水性シリカ粒子3部を併用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして試験を行った。試験結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
実施例5
疎水性シリカ粒子の平均粒子径を0.20μmとした以外は、実施例2と同様にして試験を行った。試験結果を表1に示す。
【0039】
比較例1
トナー添加剤として、実施例2に用いた疎水性シリカ粒子1部のみを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして試験を行った。試験結果を表1に示す。
比較例2
トナー添加剤として、実施例2に用いた疎水性シリカ粒子1部及び、微粒子(A)製造例2で用いたのと同じポリプロピレンワックス1.5部を併用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして試験を行った。試験結果を表1に示す。
【0040】
比較例3
アクリル樹脂:三菱レーヨン社製 BR−83 90部
カーボンブラック:三菱カーボン社製#44 5部
クロム含金属染料:保土ケ谷化学工業社製 1部
カルナウバワックス:野田ワックス社製 4部
上記組成の混合物を、二軸混練機にて30分間混練後、粉砕・分級して平均粒径約8.0μmの母体粒子を得た。母体粒子としてこれを用い、トナー添加剤として、実施例2に用いた疎水性シリカ粒子1部のみを用いた以外、実施例2と同様にして試験を行った。試験結果を表1に示す。
【0041】
【表1】

Figure 0003604267
【0042】
比較例1では定着できる全温度範囲で、ホットオフセットの発生が見られ、画像試験においても、定着部で紙詰まりが発生し、画像を得られなかった。
又、各画像試験後の現像部を目視により観察したところ、比較例2において初期から現像スリーブ上への固着発生が見られた。
【0043】
更に本発明のトナーの透明性を確認するために、実施例1,2の組成及び比較例3の組成から着色剤、電荷制御剤を除いた組成よりなるモデルトナーを作成し、OHPフィルム上に定着画像を得た。それぞれの画像部と、非画像部(OHPのみ)の可視光域での透過率を、分光光度計TC−1800(東京電色社製)にて測定した。測定結果を表2に示す。
【0044】
【表2】
Figure 0003604267
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明の構成によれば、実施例及び比較例から明らかなように、実用上ホットオフセットの無い良好な画像を形成するのに有効なものであり、経時後においても良好な画像が得られ、かつ、高い透明性を持つためカラートナーへの使用が可能である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic toner used in an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method such as a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile, and more specifically, without applying a release agent such as silicone oil to a fixing member at the time of fixing. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic toner that is used in a so-called oilless fixing system that performs heat-pressure fixing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a visible image is formed on an image carrier such as paper using a heat-fusible toner powder, and the image is heated and fused to obtain an image.
[0003]
Generally, for fixing, a fixing member such as a fixing roller is directly pressed into contact with an unfixed image to thermally fuse the toner and carry an image carrying material such as paper from the viewpoint of thermal efficiency, simplicity of a fixing mechanism, manufacturing cost of the fixing member, and the like. A method of fixing to a body, that is, a heat and pressure fixing method is employed. In such a fixing method, the fixing member separates from the image carrier with the melted toner interposed.
[0004]
Therefore, when the adhesiveness between the fixing member surface and the molten toner is high, the molten toner adheres to the fixing member, and when the fixing member comes into contact with the image carrier again, it is offset to a non-image portion of the image carrier. So-called hot offset is likely to occur.
[0005]
In order to prevent hot offset, generally, a silicone oil or the like as a release agent may be applied to the surface of the fixing member. For this purpose, a release agent application mechanism must be provided on the fixing mechanism side. In addition to the disadvantages in initial cost, the replenishment of the release agent is required, so that the running cost must be disadvantageous.
[0006]
Due to such demands, in recent years, the adoption of an oilless fixing method for performing heat-pressure fixing without using a release agent has been widely used mainly in small-sized image forming apparatuses. In order to perform such oilless fixing, it is necessary to adopt a method of (1) including a release component in the toner composition, (2) improving the releasability between the toner and the fixing member at the time of fixing. Various proposals have been made before.
[0007]
Among these examples, when an improvement in fixability is proposed by an electrophotographic toner composition,
JP-A-50-28840 Contains a styrene resin and a high melting point paraffin wax.
[0008]
JP-A-60-252364 Contains a release agent comprising an alkylenebisfatty acid amide compound having a specific structure.
JP-A-61-77862 A wax containing an ester component in an amount of 20% by weight or more and a needleability of 4 or less as a release agent.
[0009]
JP-A-61-83515 An oxycarboxylic acid complex salt and a release agent are contained in a fixing resin medium.
JP-A-1-109360 An acid value rice wax is used as a release agent.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-253067 A mold release agent is internally added at a ratio of 1 to 3% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of a binder resin resin, and 0.5 to 1% by weight is externally added.
Etc.
[0010]
However, according to these proposals, although oil-less fixing is possible for a while, the range of the fixing temperature for obtaining good fixing performance may be extremely narrow, or toner may be removed in a portion other than the fixing performance. In some cases, there was a problem in stability and image quality.
[0011]
As an example of these disadvantages, in a composition containing wax as a release agent in the toner, due to the high crystallinity of wax, the ease of phase transition, and the magnitude of volume change during crystallization, It is difficult to obtain sufficient transparency, and this is unsuitable for color image forming toners that require high transparency.
This is a major factor that has prevented oil-less fixing systems from being accepted for color image forming applications.
[0012]
In addition, in a method in which a release agent is externally added as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-35067, when a relatively large frictional force is applied to the toner, for example, during charging of toner particles in a one-component developing method, There is a problem in that the release agent adheres to the developing sleeve and the thinning blade, causing a defect in an image.
[0013]
Means to be Solved by the Invention
The present invention, in view of the current problems as described above, by using specific fine particles as an external additive, to maintain sufficient releasability, excellent hot offset resistance, small machine, color image An object of the present invention is to provide a toner composition for electrophotography that can be used.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-mentioned problems can be solved by using the following specific fine particles as an additive for a toner for electrophotography.
That is, the first configuration of the present invention is an electrophotographic toner in which fine particles are externally added to particles obtained by kneading and pulverizing at least a colorant and a binder resin, wherein the fine particles have a porous or higher-order structure. the gap portion of the fine skeleton, an electrophotographic toner characterized in that an inorganic fine particles inherent thermal melting of the release agent (a).
[0015]
In the electrophotographic toner according to the present invention, a toner particle containing a colorant and a binder resin (hereinafter referred to as “base particles”) is imparted to the externally added fine particles by imparting a function of developing releasability from a fixing member at the time of fixing. ), The image formation and the heat and pressure fixing can be performed without causing the problems that occur when the release agent itself is externally added.
[0016]
Such externally added fine particles have, for example, fine particles having a porous or higher-order structure such as silica, titania, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, clay, and talc as a skeleton, and polyethylene wax, propylene wax, carnauba, etc. It can be realized by including one or more release agents such as wax, silicone oil derivative, and fluorine oil derivative.
[0017]
The fine particles (A) are externally added to the base particles to form a toner, and are used for a long time in the developing device. Release agents inherent in the particulate (A) is, as a general silicone oil, when it is liquid at ordinary temperature, the composition components by long-term storage of out 滲, there is possible to shift to the base particles side As a result, the stability of an image may be impaired as a change over time in toner characteristics. Therefore, it is particularly preferable to use a solid wax at normal temperature from the viewpoint of long-term stability of the toner.
[0018]
These fine particles (A) can be produced, for example, by mixing the above-mentioned skeleton fine particles with the release agent while heating, sufficiently adjusting both, and then cooling and crushing. Another production method is to dissolve the release agent in a solvent, disperse the skeleton fine particles in the solvent, remove the solvent component by a method such as heat drying, drying under reduced pressure, or the like, and then pulverize. Can be. In order to sufficiently incorporate the release agent into the voids of the skeleton fine particles, the mixing and dispersion may be performed while reducing the pressure and removing the air in the voids.
[0019]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic toner in which fine particles are externally added to particles obtained by kneading and pulverizing a colorant and a binder resin, wherein the fine particles have a porous or higher-order structure. An electrophotographic toner comprising inorganic fine particles (A) and a metal oxide particle (B) subjected to a hydrophobizing treatment, in which a heat-meltable release agent is present in a void portion of a skeleton .
[0020]
The main function of the fine particles (A) in the present invention is to exhibit releasability at the time of fixing. Depending on the type of the fine particles (A), sufficient fluidity as a toner may not be obtained. In such a case, by using the fine particles (A) and the metal oxide particles (B) subjected to the hydrophobic treatment in combination, the releasability can be exhibited while maintaining sufficient toner fluidity. .
[0021]
Examples of such hydrophobic metal oxide particles (B) include silica, alumina, titania, and the surfaces of these composite oxide particles, and silica-based compounds such as dimethylsilane, trimethylsilane, hexamethyldisilazane, and methyl-phenylsilane. And known substances typified by surface treatment agents using these derivatives.
[0022]
Further, the addition amount of the fine particles (A) in the present invention is preferably 3.0 to 10.0% by weight based on the base particles. If the amount is less than this, sufficient releasability may not be obtained depending on the fixing method.
[0023]
On the other hand, the addition of excessive fine particles (A) not only impairs the storage stability of the toner, but also causes the generation of giant particles due to aggregation between the fine particles, which may lower the image quality. By setting the amount of the fine particles (A) to be in the above-mentioned range, it is possible to develop a sufficient fixing releasability without causing such a problem.
[0024]
When the hydrophobic metal oxide particles (B) are used in combination, the ratio of the fine particles (A) and (B) is preferably 2: 1 to 10: 1. If the ratio of the fine particles (A) is smaller than this range, the amount of the hydrophobic metal oxide fine particles (B) to be added becomes relatively large, which may cause problems such as background fog and toner scattering. On the other hand, when the ratio is larger than this range, sufficient toner fluidity cannot be obtained, and image quality such as image dropout may occur.
[0025]
Further, the size of the fine particles (A) is preferably larger than the size of the hydrophobic metal oxide particles (B), and specifically, the ratio of the average particle size is about 5: 1 to 100: 1. Is more preferable.
In the case where the size of the fine particles is reversed, at the time of fixing, the release agent that oozes out of the particles containing the release agent cannot reach between the hot-melted toner and the fixing member, Hot offset may occur.
[0026]
Examples of the binder resin used for the toner particles of the present invention include a homopolymer of styrene such as polystyrene, poly p-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene and a substituted product thereof: a styrene / p-chlorostyrene copolymer; Styrene / propylene copolymer, styrene / vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene / vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene / methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / butyl acrylate copolymer, Styrene / octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene / ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene / butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene / α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene / Acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene / vinyl methyl ketone copolymer Styrene copolymers such as styrene / butadiene copolymer, styrene / isofrene copolymer, styrene / maleic acid copolymer: polymethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, etc. Acrylic ester-based homopolymers and copolymers thereof: Polyvinyl derivatives such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate: Polyester-based polymers, polyurethane-based polymers, polyamide-based polymers, polyimide-based polymers, and polyol-based polymers And epoxy-based polymers, terpene-based polymers, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, and aromatic petroleum resins. These can be used alone or in combination, but are not particularly limited thereto. Of these, at least one selected from styrene-acrylic copolymer resins, polyester resins, and polyol resins is more preferable in terms of binding properties, transparency, cost, and the like.
[0027]
As the colorant used in the toner particles of the present invention, all pigments and dyes conventionally used as toner colorants are applied. Specifically, carbon black, lamp black, iron black, ultramarine, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hansa Yellow G, rhodamine 6C lake, calco oil blue, chrome yellow, quinacridone red, benzidine yellow, rose Conventionally known face dyes such as bengal and triallylmethane dyes can be used alone or in combination.
[0028]
In the magnetic one-component toner, as a magnetic material in the toner particles, ferrite, magnetite, iron oxides such as maghematite, metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys of these with other metals, and mixtures thereof May be contained. In addition, as the charge control agent for improving the rise of charge, generally known charge control agents can be used, for example, amino group-containing vinyl copolymer, quaternary ammonium salt compound, nigrosine dye, polyamine resin, imidazole Positive charge control agents such as compounds, azine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, guanidine compounds, lake pigments, and negative charge such as carboxylic acid derivatives and their metal salts, alkoxylates, organometallic complexes, chelate compounds, etc. The control agent can be used alone or in combination as a kneaded material and / or additive in the toner particles.
Hereinafter, a production example of the fine particles (A) used in the present invention will be described.
[0029]
Fine Particle (A) Production Example 1
100 parts by weight of porous silica particles, 40 parts by weight of carnauba wax and 2,000 parts by weight of toluene were put into a closed container, and after sufficiently familiarized, the pressure was reduced and the air in the void was filled with a toluene solution of a release agent. By continuously removing the toluene as a solvent, a release agent component was precipitated in the voids.
This treated product was crushed and classified to obtain release agent-containing fine particles (A-1) having an average particle size of 0.15 μm.
[0030]
Fine Particle (A) Production Example 2
100 parts by weight of light calcium carbonate particles and 50 parts by weight of polypropylene wax were placed in a closed container, and stirred at 140 ° C. for 2 hours under reduced pressure while heating, so that a mold release agent was present inside the light calcium carbonate particle voids.
After cooled to room temperature, the treated product was crushed and classified to obtain release agent-containing fine particles (A-2) having an average particle size of 0.18 μm.
[0031]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.
Here, all “parts” indicate parts by weight.
[0032]
The hot offset temperature is such that an unfixed substantially uniform toner layer is formed on paper by a cascade method so as to have a toner adhesion amount of 1 mg / cm 2 , and a fluorine speed of 50 mm / sec at a linear velocity set at various temperatures. It was passed between fixing rollers having a resin surface, and the lowest temperature at which hot offset occurred was measured. The set temperature was set at 5 ° C. intervals, and the measured value was the fixing member surface temperature.
[0033]
Example 1
Acrylic resin: 94 parts BR-83 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Carbon black: # 44 5 parts manufactured by Mitsubishi Carbon Chromium-containing metal dye: AIZON manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
1 part of SPILON BLACK TRH The mixture having the above composition was kneaded with a twin-screw kneader for 30 minutes, and then pulverized and classified to obtain base particles having an average particle size of about 8.0 μm.
[0034]
5 parts of the fine particles (A-1) obtained in Fine Particle Production Example 1 were mixed with 100 parts of the base particles as a toner additive by a mixer to obtain a toner.
Using this toner, the hot offset occurrence temperature was measured, and an image test was conducted at an initial stage and after a lapse of time with an image tester of a non-magnetic one-component developing system. The image tester was a modified Ricoh SL-1100.
[0035]
The image quality over time was determined by using a toner which was sealed in a closed container, left in a constant temperature bath at 40 ° C. for one month, and then taken out.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0036]
Example 2
As the toner additive, 5 parts of the fine particles (A-2) obtained in Fine Particle Production Example 2 and 1 part of hydrophobic silica particles (average particle diameter: 0.015 μm) whose surface was treated with dimethylsilane were used in combination. Except for the above, the test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the test results.
[0037]
Example 3
The test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the fine particles (A-1) was changed to 15 parts. Table 1 shows the test results.
Example 4
In the same manner as in Example 2 except that 5 parts of the fine particles (A-2) obtained in Fine Particle Production Example 2 and 3 parts of hydrophobic silica particles whose surfaces were treated with dimethylsilane were used in combination as toner additives. The test was performed. Table 1 shows the test results.
[0038]
Example 5
The test was performed in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the average particle size of the hydrophobic silica particles was 0.20 μm. Table 1 shows the test results.
[0039]
Comparative Example 1
The test was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that only 1 part of the hydrophobic silica particles used in Example 2 was used as the toner additive. Table 1 shows the test results.
Comparative Example 2
The same procedures as in Example 2 were carried out except that 1 part of the hydrophobic silica particles used in Example 2 and 1.5 parts of the same polypropylene wax used in Production Example 2 of the fine particles (A) were used in combination as toner additives. The test was performed. Table 1 shows the test results.
[0040]
Comparative Example 3
Acrylic resin: 90 parts BR-83 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Carbon black: # 44 manufactured by Mitsubishi Carbon Corporation 5 parts chromium-containing dye: 1 part manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 1 part Carnauba wax: 4 parts manufactured by Noda Wax Co. After kneading with a twin-screw kneader for 30 minutes, the mixture was pulverized and classified to obtain base particles having an average particle size of about 8.0 μm. A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 2 except that this was used as the base particles and only 1 part of the hydrophobic silica particles used in Example 2 was used as the toner additive. Table 1 shows the test results.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003604267
[0042]
In Comparative Example 1, hot offset was observed over the entire temperature range in which the image could be fixed, and in the image test, a paper jam occurred in the fixing unit, and an image could not be obtained.
Further, when the developed portion after each image test was visually observed, in Comparative Example 2, sticking to the developing sleeve was observed from the beginning.
[0043]
Further, in order to confirm the transparency of the toner of the present invention, a model toner having a composition excluding the colorant and the charge control agent from the compositions of Examples 1 and 2 and the composition of Comparative Example 3 was prepared. A fixed image was obtained. The transmittance in the visible light range of each image part and non-image part (OHP only) was measured with a spectrophotometer TC-1800 (manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd.). Table 2 shows the measurement results.
[0044]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003604267
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the configuration of the present invention, as is apparent from Examples and Comparative Examples, it is practically effective to form a good image without hot offset, and a good image is obtained even after a lapse of time. In addition, since it has high transparency, it can be used for a color toner.

Claims (5)

少なくとも着色剤、結着剤樹脂を混練粉砕した粒子に、微粒子を外添して成る電子写真用トナーにおいて、該微粒子が、多孔質または高次構造をとる微粒子骨格の空隙部分に、熱溶融性の離型剤を内在した無機微粒子(A)である事を特徴とする電子写真用トナー。In an electrophotographic toner in which fine particles are externally added to particles obtained by kneading and pulverizing at least a coloring agent and a binder resin, the fine particles are thermally fusible in voids of a fine particle skeleton having a porous or higher-order structure . (A) an inorganic fine particle containing a release agent. 少なくとも着色剤、結着剤樹脂を混練粉砕した粒子に、微粒子を外添して成る電子写真用トナーにおいて、該微粒子が、多孔質または高次構造をとる微粒子骨格の空隙部分に、熱溶融性の離型剤を内在した無機微粒子(A)及び疎水化処理された金属酸化物粒子(B)である事を特徴とする電子写真用トナー。In an electrophotographic toner in which fine particles are externally added to particles obtained by kneading and pulverizing at least a coloring agent and a binder resin, the fine particles are thermally fusible in voids of a fine particle skeleton having a porous or higher-order structure . An inorganic fine particle (A) containing a release agent and a metal oxide particle (B) subjected to hydrophobic treatment. 該微粒子(A)の添加量が3.0〜10.0重量%になるように混合添加されている事を特徴とする請求項1または2の電子写真用トナー。3. The electrophotographic toner according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles (A) are mixed and added so that the addition amount is 3.0 to 10.0% by weight. 該微粒子(A)及び(B)の比率が2:1〜10:1である事を特徴とする請求項2または3の電子写真用トナー。4. The electrophotographic toner according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the fine particles (A) and (B) is 2: 1 to 10: 1. 該微粒子(A)の平均粒子径が、該微粒子(B)の平均粒子径より大きい事を特徴とする請求項2、3または4の電子写真用トナー。5. The electrophotographic toner according to claim 2, wherein the average particle diameter of the fine particles (A) is larger than the average particle diameter of the fine particles (B).
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