JP3589353B2 - Deformed steel wire for two-piece oil ring of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Deformed steel wire for two-piece oil ring of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP3589353B2
JP3589353B2 JP29123492A JP29123492A JP3589353B2 JP 3589353 B2 JP3589353 B2 JP 3589353B2 JP 29123492 A JP29123492 A JP 29123492A JP 29123492 A JP29123492 A JP 29123492A JP 3589353 B2 JP3589353 B2 JP 3589353B2
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steel wire
oil
cross
internal combustion
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JPH06137431A (en
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巖 柏木
隆男 唐桶
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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Priority to US08/138,050 priority patent/US5411609A/en
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、各種内燃機関に用いられる鋼製2ピース型オイルリング用断面異形鋼線材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
内燃機関用鋼製オイルリングの型式としては、従来2本の長方形断面のリングおよび1本のスプリングの計3本からなる3ピース型と、新型式である1本の異形溝付リングおよび1本のスプリングの計2本からなる2ピース型の2種類がある。
近年、部品点数減少によるコスト低減等を目的として、3ピース型から2ピース型への転換の要求が強まってきた。この2ピース型用の異形溝付リングは、その断面形状が長方形の二対辺に凹部が形成されて概略HまたはX字形状となった複雑形状で、かつその左右部を繋ぐウェブ部の厚み寸法の左右部の全厚み寸法に対する比が0.3以下等と小さく異形度が大きいものである。
また近年、耐摩耗性、耐硫酸腐食性等の向上を目的として高合金化する要求も強まっている。
ピストンリングのうち、圧力リングは断面形状も単純な長方形に近いので製造上の問題は少なく、すでに17Cr系またはさらに20%を越えるCrを含有するマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼へと高合金化している。
3ピース型の組合せオイルリングのレール(一般にサイドレールと呼ばれている)は、SUS420J2(0.35C−13Cr系である)、または0.65C−13Cr系のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼が使用されているが、やはり断面形状は単純な長方形に近く、従来の冷間圧延や冷間伸線による方法でも製造可能である。3ピース型用のサイドレールとしては、特公昭61−54862号(0.65C−13Cr系)、特開昭61−59066号(0.55C−7Cr系)などの提案がある。
【0003】
オイルリングの材質も高合金化の要求が強い。2ピース型オイルリングについても、高合金ほど耐摩耗性や耐食性の向上が期待できる。
しかし、この2ピース型オイルリング用異形溝付きリングを、従来よりさらに高C化して、例えば0.8重量%を越えるC、15重量%以上のCrを含有するマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼から製造することは非常に困難である。すなわち、該リングは断面形状が複雑、かつ異形度が大、つまり丸または長方形からの形状的隔たりが大きく、したがって異形成形に際して、大きな塑性加工量が必要で、実生産が困難である。特に上下方向から強い圧縮加工を受けるウェブ部と上下から圧縮作用を受けないフランジ部が隣合っており、本発明者が実験の結果見出したことであるが、この境界部から非常に割れが発生し易いことおよびオイルリングの用途上、表面粗さが3S以下とされるほか、割れはもちろん打疵、すり傷等の表面性状が厳しく規制されているからである。すなわち、従来の冷間引抜き方法によると、高合金化のため被加工性が低下し、かつ、異形度が大きい上に前記のように加工割れが、ウェブ部とフランジ部との境界部に発生し易く、これらを防止するためには1パス当りおよび焼鈍1回当りの加工率が低く制限され、その結果、最終製品に至るまでの加工パス回数や焼鈍回数がさらに増加し、これらの処理またはハンドリング中に表面性状を損ない易く、また、コスト的にも困難となる。このため、従来0.8重量%を越えるC、15重量%以上のCrを含有するマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼による2ピース型オイルリングの製造はなされていなかった。
【0004】
このような状況のなか、本発明者らは、温間ロールダイスを使用することを中心とする新規なオイルリング用異形鋼線材の製造方法により、ひとまず異形鋼線材の断面形状の成形を可能とし、特願平3−19302号で提案した。そして、該提案によるオイルリングは、化学成分をCが0.8重量%を越え0.95重量%未満、Cr 15重量%ないし25重量%を含有するマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼、より具体的には上記C,Cr,Fe以外の組成は、脱酸、脱硫元素であるSi,Mnをそれぞれ1.0%以下、またはさらにMoとWの1種または2種をMo+1/2Wで0.5〜3.0重量%、VとNbの1種または2種をV+1/2Nbで0.05〜2.0重量%、ならびにCoの12重量%以下、Niの5重量%以下を適宜含む鋼とするものである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
2ピース型オイルリング用異形鋼線材は、所定の異形断面に成形後、そのいずれかの段階でそのウェブ部に直列状に多数の貫通油孔を穿孔する必要がある。この穿孔は加工費、作業能率から考えて実質的に打抜き法に限定される。しかし、該打抜きはその被加工材が高合金化したことにより、格段に困難となることがわかった。
すなわち、従来の前記のような低合金鋼材では、HV300〜450の所定硬さ範囲に焼入れ焼もどしした材料でも打抜き可能であったが、前記成分の高合金鋼では、同等硬さに熱処理したものでも、従来の製造方法では実質的に打抜きが不可能であった。また、従来の低合金材で所定断面形状に成形後引続き打抜きを行なう場合があったが、上記高合金材では、やはり打抜き不可能であった。
【0006】
本発明者は、先に、本願とほぼ同じ(Cr:15.0〜20.0)化学成分を有する高C、高Cr鋼線素材を、所定断面形状に成形後、テンションアニーリングを施すことで、真直性の高い当該用途用断面異形鋼線材を得、これに所定の寸法的制限を加えた打抜きを施すことにより、貫通油孔を打抜き穿孔することに成功し、特願平3−102597号で出願した。しかし、上記の寸法的制限は、端的に言えば、貫通油孔の幅寸法、したがって該油孔の断面積、つまり油掻き能力を制限するものである。
また、近時、2ピース型オイルリングを、小型内燃機関にも用いる傾向があり、またそれ自身小断面化して、軽量化やピストンの軽量化を図る傾向がある。前記寸法的制限は、リング用鋼線材の断面寸法に比例して打抜用パンチの厚み寸法を薄く制限することになるため、該小断面寸法のリング用鋼線材に対してはパンチの強度の点から、実施困難になってきている。
本発明は、前記のごとき高合金材でなり、打抜きによる貫通油孔を有する2ピース型オイルリング用異形鋼線材において、油掻き能力が優れ、または小断面のものに対しても適用可能な当該オイルリング用異形鋼線材を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、焼入れ焼もどし熱処理で硬さをHV300〜450とされ、概略断面形状が長方形(正方形を含む)の二対辺に凹部が形成されてHまたはX字形で、そのウェブ部に多数の打抜きによる貫通油孔を形成された内燃機関の2ピース型オイルリング用異形鋼線材において、母材の化学成分は、重量%で、C 0.8%を越え0.95%未満、Si 1.0%以下、Mn 1.0%以下、Cr 15.0〜25.0%を含み、さらに必要に応じてMoとWの1種または2種をMo+1/2Wで0.5〜3.0%のグループ、VとNbの1種または2種をV+1/2Nbで0.05〜2.0%のグループおよび12%以下のCoと5%以下のNiと5%以下のCuの1種または2種以上からなるグループのうちの1種または2種以上のグループを含み、残部Feと不可避不純物からなり、少なくとも一方の前記凹部の底部は平坦部があり、その幅(隅肉半径、ヌスミは無視)をW、前記貫通油孔の幅方向寸法をb、該貫通油孔の幅方向壁面の高さをt、前記貫通油孔の相互間隔をcとしたとき、1.4t>W−b≧0.8tおよびc≧tを満足することを特徴とする内燃機関の2ピース型オイルリング用異形鋼線材である。
【0008】
【作用】
本願の打抜き貫通油孔を有する異形鋼線材は、前記出願後、テンションアニール効果の向上、打抜装置の精度向上等、種々の改善を積み重ねた結果、前記寸法的制限を緩和し得ることが確認されたことによるものである。
先ず、本発明の成分の限定理由について述べる。
CはCrおよびMo,W,V等の添加元素と結合して炭化物を形成し、耐摩耗、耐焼付性の向上に寄与すると共に、一部は基地中に固溶して基地を強化する。これらの効果を得るためにCは0.8%を越えて添加することが必要であるが、本発明のオイルリングは異形状断面を有するので0.95%以上では温間加工といえどもリング素材の製造性およびリングの成形性が悪くなる。また、0.95%を越えると過度の炭化物を形成することにより、耐硫酸腐食性が低下する。したがって、Cは0.8%を越え0.95%未満に限定する。
Siは鋼の精錬時に脱酸の目的で添加されると共に、耐硫酸腐食性の向上に効果的な元素である。しかし、1%を越えると温間加工性を害するのでSiは1%以下に限定する。
【0009】
Mnは鋼の精錬時に脱硫の目的で添加されるが、1.0%を越えると素線を製造する時の熱間加工性を害するので1.0%以下に限定する。
Crは前述のようにCと結び付いて、炭化物(M23型およびM型)を形成し、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性を向上させるので、本発明のオイルリングには必須の成分である。さらに一部は、基地中に固溶して耐酸化性、耐熱性を向上させる。また、窒化処理により硬質の窒化層を生成し、耐摩耗性、耐焼付性を大きく向上させる。これらの効果を得、また靭性を低下させないために通常の環境下(硫酸雰囲気中でない場合)では、例えば特開平1−208435号に記載のようにCr量は、7〜25%の範囲で十分対応可能である。しかし、硫酸雰囲気中ではより過酷な条件下となるためCr量は狭い範囲に限定される。本発明者の実験の結果によれば、Cr量が15.0%未満の場合、おそらく炭化物量が不足するために硫酸中での腐食摩耗量が多くなる。またCr量が25.0%を越えるとおそらく炭化物量および窒化を行った場合にCrの窒化物量が過度になるため耐硫酸腐食性が低下する。従ってCr量は15.0〜25.0%の範囲に限定した。
【0010】
MoとWは、Cと結びついてそれ自体の炭化物を形成すると共に、Cr炭化物中にも固溶することにより、これを強化し、さらに焼もどし軟化抵抗を高め、また窒化処理において窒化層形成にも寄与し、耐摩耗性、耐焼付性を向上させるので必要に応じて添加される。なお、Moは、耐硫酸腐食性を向上させる作用をもつ。上記の効果を得るためには、Mo、Wの1種または2種を(Mo+1/2W)で少なくとも0.5%必要である。しかし、過度に添加すると靭性を低下させるので(Mo+1/2W)の上限を3.0%とした。
VとNbは両元素とも結晶粒を微細化し、靭性向上に寄与するだけでなく、Mo,Wと同様それ自体で炭化物を形成すると共に、Cr炭化物中にも固溶して、これを強化することにより、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性を向上させ、また焼戻し軟化抵抗を向上させる。したがって、この目的で添加することができる。また、両元素共、耐硫酸腐食性を向上させる作用をもつ。これらの効果を得るためには、VとNbの1種または2種を(V+1/2Nb)で少なくとも0.05%以上必要である。しかし過度に添加するとMC型炭化物を過剰に生成して靭性を劣化させるので、(V+1/2Nb)量の上限を2.0%とした。
【0011】
NiとCoは、本発明において窒化層の耐硫酸腐食性を向上させる重要な元素である。両元素とも炭化物を形成せず、基地に固溶し、耐硫酸腐食性を高めるが、窒化物を形成しないため窒化層中においてもその作用が残存することが特徴であり、窒化処理を行って使用する本発明のピストンリング材には特に有効である。Niが5.0%を越えると熱処理における所定の硬さが得られにくくなり、またCoは12%を越えると熱間加工性および冷間加工性を低下させるので、添加する場合、Niは5.0%以下、Coは12%以下とした。
Cuは本発明において、カルボン酸に対する耐食性を高める重要な元素である。このため、例えばアルコール燃料の燃焼ガスなどの腐食性雰囲気に対して従来の材料に増して、より耐食性の優れたピストンリングとすることができる。しかし、5%を越えると熱間加工性が悪くなるため、Cuの範囲は5%以下とする。
なお、P,S,O,Nは、通常不純物元素として微量含有される。
【0012】
また、硬さ範囲をHV300〜450と規定した理由は、HV450を越えるとカーリング工程でスプリングバックが大きくなり、カーリング形状を一定範囲内に保つことが困難となるほか、カーリング時に折損し易くなるためであり、特に異形断面を有する本発明の形状のオイルリングを製造する上で必須の条件である。一方、HV300未満では高合金化の目的に反して耐摩耗性が低下し、所定のリング寿命を得ることができないためである。
【0013】
本発明は、前記出願で述べたように、所定断面形状に成形された異形鋼線材が連続熱処理炉により焼鈍された後にのみ、実質的に打抜き可能となることを見出したことによるものである。この焼鈍は、断面成形加工時の応力を適当に除去してその硬さをHV200〜380程度に調整して、パンチやダイスの過度の負荷を防止し、また過度のバリの発生を防止する作用をなす。しかし、さらに重要なことは、テンションアニーリング作用により、高度に真直化された被加工鋼線材を得ることである。これにより、例えば、パンチではその幅寸法が、0.6mm、0.8mm等非常に微細なパンチやダイスでなる打抜き装置への被処理材の円滑な導入を可能とするのである。特に、この製造方法の望ましい打抜き態様は、直列に配列された複数の貫通油孔を同時に打抜くものであり、この際ダイスやガイド等はパスライン方向に長尺化するから、特に真直精度を向上することが必要である。前記のように低合金鋼線の場合、この連続熱処理炉による焼鈍は、打抜きに対して必須ではなかった。恐らく、この相違は高合金鋼線材では、前述のように温間ロールダイス等形状的に高精度を得られ難い加工方法を用いざるを得ないことと大きく関係することが考えられる。
【0014】
次に、円滑な打抜きを達成するためには、断面形状、寸法等の条件を満足することが必要である。図1は本発明を実施する場合の打抜き装置の断面図例、図2は打抜き完了材の平面図例である。すなわち、被打抜き材である断面異形鋼線材1は、ダイス5、横ガイド11,11および上ガイド兼パンチガイド10でリジットに案内、保持される。それぞれの図面に示したごとく各寸法に符号を付したとき、パンチ4は図2からわかるように、通常、扁平比%a/b=5〜3程度と大きい扁平比を有するから、W−bは打抜き力を受け止めるべき部分の幅寸法を示している。これに対し打抜き力は、貫通孔の内壁の面積を代表する孔の側面高さtに比例すると考えられ、本発明者らの実験によるとダイスの強度および被打抜き材の圧潰に対する面圧力を確保して打抜きを円滑に保持するためには、W−b≧1.4tを満足することが必要であることが判明し、前述のように特願平3−102597号で出願した。しかし、その後更に、前述のように改良を重ねた結果、W−b≧0.8tを満足すれば、打抜き穿孔が可能であることが確認された。したがって、本願は1.4t>W−b≧0.8tの範囲を新たに提案するものである。
また、満足すべき条件として、c≧tを満足すべきことは上記出願と同様である。この条件は打抜きに際してよりむしろその後のリングへの曲げ成形時に割れの伝播性と関係して重要である。すなわち、c<tではリング成形時にc寸法部分に割れが貫通する。
【0015】
前述のように、被打抜き材は高い真直性が必要であるが、その断面寸法変動、特に被打抜き材の断面形状成形時に変動し易いウェブの厚み方向の寸法変動は可能の限り抑制すべきであり、望ましくは50μm以下、さらに望ましくは30μm以下とする。幅寸法も理論的に厚み寸法と同等である。しかし、幅寸法は厚み寸法に比し寸法変動の抑制が容易である。これら断面寸法の変動は、被打抜き材の案内精度、したがって打抜き工具の寿命に影響を与える。
また、打抜き作業中はバリの高さの監視を要する。ばりは望ましくは40μm以下、さらに望ましくは30μm以下とする。過度のばりは使用中に脱落してエンジントラブルの原因となると考えられるほか、特にリングへの曲げ成形時に油孔からの割れの発生を誘発し易くなる。バリの抑制は、素材の硬さを適正にすること(HV≧200)、パンチとダイスのクリアランスを適正に保持すること、パンチおよびダイスエッジの摩耗量を制限する(0.05mm以下)等による。
【0016】
打抜き方法は、打抜き工具の耐久性の関係から間欠送りしつつ、適当箇数の油孔を同時に打抜くことにより、パンチとダイスの打抜き工具の1セット当りの負担を軽減することが望ましい。
また、パンチは前述のように折損し易いから、この場合直ちに作業を中断して事故の波及を防止する必要がある。このため、常時、貫通油孔が所定位置に存在することを機械的、電気的、光学的等により監視する必要がある。この際、貫通油孔が定ピッチかつ同一形状であればこれ等の監視装置の簡略化上好都合である。
最後に連続熱処理炉による焼入れ焼もどし熱処理を行なう。ピストンリングの曲げ成形において、被成形材の長手方向に亘ってスプリングバックおよび曲り状態が均一であることが必要である。このため、本願の製造方法の発明においても焼入れ焼もどし熱処理は連続炉による。
【0017】
【実施例】
表1に示す成分の各線素材から、温間ロールダイスを主とする加工法により、それぞれ断面寸法で幅 3.8mm、図2のW(隅肉半径無視、ヌスミがある場合もこれを無視)寸法が2.0mm、高さ 2.3mm、ウェブ厚さ 0.65mmの2ピースオイルリング用断面異形鋼線素材をそれぞれ製作し、引き続き、連続焼鈍炉により焼鈍した。この状態の硬さの1例はHV≒260であり、各材料のデータは硬さバラツキHV 25以下、平方向曲り、横曲りとも 1mm/1000mm以下、ねじれ 0.5°/1000mm以下、ウェブ部厚みバラツキ 0.020mm/50mm以下であった。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0003589353
【0019】
上記各素材を、貫通油孔幅 b=1.45mm、同長さ a=3.5mm、同相互間隔c=1mmなる貫通油孔を、打抜き回数3,000回打抜きした。
その結果、各ロットともパンチ、ダイスの破損は全く発生せず、バンチ,ダイス角部に0.020mm程度の摩耗が観察された。また、打抜き孔のピッチ・バラツキは±0.050mm以内と良好であった。また、テスト材の両端部のオイル孔の観察の結果、バリの高さは0.025mm以下であった。
次に、それらのオイル孔付き断面異形線材を、HV400程度に焼入焼もどししたのち内径 90mmに連続曲げ加工を施した。曲げ加工の際のバリを起点とするまたは他の原因の折損は全く発生しなかった。なお、焼入れ焼もどし後の幅寸法バラツキは0.002mmであった。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、高合金化に付随して、断面形状精度、被加工性等が低下したため、その断面異形線材のウェブ部に、工業的に貫通油孔を打抜くためには、打抜き性に対して大きい寸法的制限が必要であったが、各方向に亘る改良を重ねた結果、これを緩和することが可能となった。
本発明により油掻き能力が優れ、または小断面の油孔付きリング用異形材の生産が可能になり、小型内燃機関への適用や、断面寸法縮小による効果の享受が可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】断面異形鋼線のウェブ部に貫通油孔を打抜き加工する打抜装置の断面図例および寸法符号を説明する図である。
【図2】打抜き完了材の平面図例および寸法符号を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
1 断面異形線材
4 パンチ
5 ダイス
10 上ガイド兼パンチガイド
11 横ガイド[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a two-piece steel ring shaped irregularly shaped steel wire rod for use in various internal combustion engines.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are three types of steel oil rings for internal combustion engines: a conventional two-piece ring with a rectangular cross section and a single spring, a three-piece type, and a new type with one irregularly shaped grooved ring and one There are two types of two-piece type consisting of two springs.
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for switching from a three-piece type to a two-piece type for the purpose of cost reduction by reducing the number of parts. The two-piece type irregular grooved ring has a complicated shape in which a cross-sectional shape is substantially H or X-shaped with concave portions formed on two opposite sides of a rectangle, and a thickness dimension of a web portion connecting left and right portions thereof. The ratio to the total thickness of the left and right portions is as small as 0.3 or less, and the irregularity is large.
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for high alloying for the purpose of improving wear resistance, sulfuric acid corrosion resistance and the like.
Among the piston rings, the pressure ring has a cross-sectional shape close to a simple rectangular shape, so that there are few problems in production, and it has already been highly alloyed into 17Cr-based or martensitic stainless steel containing more than 20% of Cr.
SUS420J2 (0.35C-13Cr-based) or 0.65C-13Cr-based martensitic stainless steel is used as a rail (commonly called a side rail) of a three-piece combined oil ring. However, the cross-sectional shape is still close to a simple rectangle, and it can be manufactured by a conventional cold rolling or cold drawing method. As side rails for a three-piece type, there are proposals such as JP-B-61-54862 (0.65C-13Cr system) and JP-A-61-59066 (0.55C-7Cr system).
[0003]
There is also a strong demand for a high alloy alloy for the oil ring. As for the two-piece oil ring, the higher the alloy, the higher the wear resistance and corrosion resistance can be expected.
However, the two-piece type oiled ring with an irregular groove is made of a martensitic stainless steel having a higher C than before and containing, for example, more than 0.8% by weight of C and 15% by weight or more of Cr. It is very difficult. That is, the ring has a complicated cross-sectional shape and a large degree of irregularity, that is, a large difference in shape from a circle or a rectangle. Therefore, a large amount of plastic working is required for the irregular shape, and actual production is difficult. In particular, the web part subjected to strong compression processing from the vertical direction and the flange part not subjected to compression action from the upper and lower sides are adjacent to each other, and as a result of experiments by the present inventors, it was found that very cracks occurred from this boundary part. This is because the surface roughness is set to 3S or less in terms of ease of use and the use of the oil ring, and the surface properties such as cracks, dents and scratches are strictly regulated. That is, according to the conventional cold drawing method, the workability is reduced due to the high alloying, the deformability is large, and the processing crack occurs at the boundary between the web portion and the flange portion as described above. In order to prevent these problems, the working ratio per pass and one annealing is limited to a low value. As a result, the number of working passes and the number of annealings to reach a final product are further increased, and these processes or Surface properties are easily damaged during handling, and cost is also difficult. For this reason, conventionally, a two-piece oil ring made of martensitic stainless steel containing more than 0.8% by weight of C and 15% by weight or more of Cr has not been produced.
[0004]
Under such circumstances, the present inventors have made it possible to form the cross-sectional shape of the deformed steel wire for the time being by a novel method of manufacturing a deformed steel wire for an oil ring centered on using a warm roll die. And Japanese Patent Application No. 3-19302. The oil ring according to the proposal is a martensitic stainless steel containing C as a chemical component containing more than 0.8% by weight and less than 0.95% by weight, and 15% to 25% by weight of Cr, more specifically, The composition other than the above C, Cr and Fe is as follows: deoxidizing and desulfurizing elements Si and Mn are each 1.0% or less, or one or two of Mo and W are Mo + / W at 0.5 to 3%. 0.0% by weight, one or two types of V and Nb as V + 1 / 2Nb in 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, and 12% by weight or less of Co and 5% by weight or less of Ni as appropriate. It is.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
After forming a two-piece oil ring deformed steel wire into a predetermined deformed cross section, it is necessary to drill a large number of through oil holes in series in the web portion at any stage. This perforation is substantially limited to the punching method in view of processing cost and work efficiency. However, it has been found that the punching becomes extremely difficult due to the high alloying of the work material.
In other words, in the conventional low-alloy steel material as described above, the material quenched and tempered to a predetermined hardness range of HV 300 to 450 can be punched out. However, punching was substantially impossible with the conventional manufacturing method. Further, in some cases, punching is performed continuously after forming into a predetermined cross-sectional shape with a conventional low alloy material, but punching cannot be performed with the above-described high alloy material.
[0006]
The present inventor previously formed a high-C, high-Cr steel wire material having a chemical composition substantially the same as that of the present application (Cr: 15.0 to 20.0) into a predetermined cross-sectional shape, and then performing tension annealing. A highly straightened cross-sectionally shaped steel wire for this application was obtained, and punching was performed with a predetermined dimensional restriction, whereby the through-hole was successfully punched and drilled, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-102597. Filed. However, the above-mentioned dimensional limitation simply limits the width dimension of the through-hole, and thus the cross-sectional area of the oil hole, that is, the oil scraping ability.
In recent years, two-piece oil rings have also tended to be used for small internal combustion engines, and have also tended to be reduced in cross section to reduce the weight and weight of pistons. Since the dimensional restriction is to restrict the thickness of the punch for punching to be thin in proportion to the cross-sectional dimension of the steel wire for a ring, the strength of the punch for the steel wire for a ring having the small cross-sectional dimension is limited. From a point of view, implementation is becoming difficult.
The present invention is a deformed steel wire for a two-piece type oil ring made of a high alloy material as described above and having a through oil hole formed by punching, which has excellent oil scraping ability or is applicable to those having a small cross section. An object of the present invention is to provide a deformed steel wire rod for an oil ring.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the hardness is set to HV300 to 450 by quenching and tempering heat treatment, the cross-sectional shape is rectangular (including square), and concave portions are formed on two opposite sides, the shape is H or X-shaped, and a large number of punches are formed in the web portion thereof. In a deformed steel wire rod for a two-piece oil ring of an internal combustion engine having a through oil hole formed by the method described above, the chemical composition of the base metal is more than 0.8% and less than 0.95%, Si 1.0% or less, Mn 1.0% by weight. In the following, Cr 15.0-25.0% is contained, and if necessary, one or two of Mo and W are Mo + 1 / 2W in a 0.5-3.0% group, and one or two of V and Nb are V + 1 / 2Nb. Including one or more of the group consisting of 0.05 to 2.0% and one or more of 12% or less of Co, 5% or less of Ni and 5% or less of Cu, and the balance Fe And at least one of the concave portions has a flat portion at its bottom, and its width (fillet radius). Grinding undercut is ignored) the W, the width direction dimension of the through oil holes b, and height in the width direction wall surfaces of the through oil holes t, when the mutual spacing of the through oil hole was c, 1.4t> W- A two-piece type deformed steel wire for an oil ring of an internal combustion engine, characterized by satisfying b ≧ 0.8t and c ≧ t.
[0008]
[Action]
After the application, the deformed steel wire having the punched through oil hole of the present application has been confirmed to be capable of relaxing the dimensional limitation as a result of various improvements such as improvement of a tension annealing effect and improvement of the accuracy of a punching device. It is because it was done.
First, the reasons for limiting the components of the present invention will be described.
C combines with Cr and additional elements such as Mo, W, and V to form carbides, which contributes to the improvement of wear resistance and anti-seizure properties, and partly forms a solid solution in the matrix to strengthen the matrix. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to add C in excess of 0.8%. However, since the oil ring of the present invention has an irregular cross section, even if it is 0.95% or more, even if it is warm working, the oil ring may be used. The manufacturability of the raw material and the moldability of the ring deteriorate. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.95%, excessive carbides are formed, and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistance is reduced. Therefore, C is limited to more than 0.8% and less than 0.95%.
Si is an element that is added for the purpose of deoxidation at the time of refining steel and is effective in improving sulfuric acid corrosion resistance. However, if it exceeds 1%, warm workability is impaired, so that Si is limited to 1% or less.
[0009]
Mn is added for the purpose of desulfurization at the time of refining steel, but if it exceeds 1.0%, it impairs the hot workability at the time of producing a strand, so it is limited to 1.0% or less.
As described above, Cr combines with C to form carbides (M 23 C 6 type and M 7 C 3 type) and improves abrasion resistance and seizure resistance. Therefore, Cr is indispensable for the oil ring of the present invention. Component. Further, a part thereof is dissolved in a matrix to improve oxidation resistance and heat resistance. In addition, a hard nitrided layer is generated by the nitriding treatment, and the wear resistance and seizure resistance are greatly improved. Under normal circumstances (when not in a sulfuric acid atmosphere), in order to obtain these effects and not reduce the toughness, for example, as described in JP-A-1-208435, the amount of Cr is sufficiently in the range of 7 to 25%. Available. However, in a sulfuric acid atmosphere, the conditions become more severe, so that the amount of Cr is limited to a narrow range. According to the results of experiments conducted by the present inventors, when the Cr content is less than 15.0%, the amount of corrosion and wear in sulfuric acid increases, probably due to insufficient carbide content. If the Cr content exceeds 25.0%, the amount of carbide and the amount of nitride of Cr become excessive when nitriding is performed, so that the sulfuric acid corrosion resistance decreases. Therefore, the Cr content was limited to the range of 15.0 to 25.0%.
[0010]
Mo and W combine with C to form a carbide of itself, and also form a solid solution in Cr carbide, thereby strengthening it, further increasing the tempering softening resistance, and forming a nitrided layer in the nitriding treatment. Is added as needed because it also contributes to improving wear resistance and seizure resistance. Mo has an effect of improving sulfuric acid corrosion resistance. In order to obtain the above effects, at least 0.5% of one or two of Mo and W by (Mo + 1 / 2W) is required. However, if added excessively, the toughness decreases, so the upper limit of (Mo ++ 1W) was set to 3.0%.
Both V and Nb not only refine crystal grains and contribute to improvement in toughness, but also form carbides themselves as in the case of Mo and W, and form a solid solution in Cr carbides to strengthen them. Thereby, abrasion resistance and seizure resistance are improved, and tempering softening resistance is improved. Therefore, it can be added for this purpose. In addition, both elements have an effect of improving the sulfuric acid corrosion resistance. In order to obtain these effects, at least 0.05% or more of one or two of V and Nb by (V + / Nb) is required. However, if added excessively, MC-type carbides are excessively generated and the toughness is deteriorated. Therefore, the upper limit of the (V + 1 / 2Nb) amount is set to 2.0%.
[0011]
Ni and Co are important elements for improving the sulfuric acid corrosion resistance of the nitride layer in the present invention. Both elements do not form carbides, form a solid solution in the matrix, and increase the resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion.However, since they do not form nitrides, their action remains even in the nitrided layer. It is particularly effective for the piston ring material of the present invention to be used. If Ni exceeds 5.0%, it becomes difficult to obtain a predetermined hardness in the heat treatment, and if Co exceeds 12%, the hot workability and the cold workability are deteriorated. 0.0% or less, and Co was 12% or less.
Cu is an important element in the present invention that enhances corrosion resistance to carboxylic acids. For this reason, for example, a piston ring having more excellent corrosion resistance than corrosive atmosphere such as combustion gas of alcohol fuel can be obtained. However, if it exceeds 5%, hot workability deteriorates, so the range of Cu is set to 5% or less.
Note that P, S, O, and N are usually contained in trace amounts as impurity elements.
[0012]
Also, the reason that the hardness range is defined as HV300 to 450 is that if the HV450 is exceeded, the springback becomes large in the curling step, and it becomes difficult to keep the curling shape within a certain range, and it is easy to break during curling. This is an essential condition for producing an oil ring of the present invention having an irregular cross section in particular. On the other hand, if the HV is less than 300, the wear resistance is reduced contrary to the purpose of high alloying, and a predetermined ring life cannot be obtained.
[0013]
The present invention is based on the finding that, as described in the above-mentioned application, it is possible to substantially punch a deformed steel wire formed into a predetermined sectional shape only after being annealed by a continuous heat treatment furnace. In this annealing, the stress at the time of forming the cross section is appropriately removed, the hardness is adjusted to about HV200 to 380, and an excessive load on the punch and the die is prevented, and an excessive burr is prevented from being generated. Make More important, however, is to obtain a highly straightened steel wire to be processed by the tension annealing action. Thus, for example, in the case of a punch, the width of the workpiece can be smoothly introduced into a punching device formed of a very fine punch or die such as 0.6 mm or 0.8 mm. In particular, a desirable punching mode of this manufacturing method is to punch a plurality of through-holes arranged in series at the same time. In this case, the dies and guides are elongated in the pass line direction. It needs to be improved. As described above, in the case of a low alloy steel wire, annealing in this continuous heat treatment furnace was not essential for punching. Probably, this difference is considered to be largely related to the necessity of using a processing method, such as a warm roll die, which is difficult to obtain high precision in the high alloy steel wire as described above.
[0014]
Next, in order to achieve smooth punching, it is necessary to satisfy conditions such as a cross-sectional shape and dimensions. FIG. 1 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a punching device for implementing the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an example of a plan view of a punched material. That is, the cross-sectionally deformed steel wire 1 to be punched is rigidly guided and held by the die 5, the lateral guides 11, 11 and the upper guide / punch guide 10. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the punch 4 usually has a large aspect ratio of about 5 to 3 as shown in FIG. Indicates the width dimension of the portion to receive the punching force. On the other hand, the punching force is considered to be proportional to the side height t of the hole representing the area of the inner wall of the through hole. According to the experiments of the present inventors, the strength of the die and the surface pressure against the crushing of the punched material are secured. In order to maintain the punching smoothly, it was found that it was necessary to satisfy Wb ≧ 1.4t, and as described above, application was made in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-102597. However, as a result of further improvement as described above, it was confirmed that punching and punching were possible if Wb ≧ 0.8t was satisfied. Therefore, the present application newly proposes a range of 1.4t> Wb ≧ 0.8t.
Further, it is the same as the above-mentioned application that c ≧ t should be satisfied as a condition to be satisfied. This condition is important in connection with the propagation of cracks during subsequent bending into a ring rather than during punching. That is, when c <t, a crack penetrates into a c-dimension portion during ring molding.
[0015]
As described above, the material to be punched needs to have high straightness, but fluctuations in its cross-sectional dimensions, particularly in the thickness direction of the web, which are likely to fluctuate when forming the cross-sectional shape of the material to be punched, should be suppressed as much as possible. Yes, preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 30 μm or less. The width dimension is theoretically equivalent to the thickness dimension. However, the width is easier to suppress the dimensional variation than the thickness. These variations in the cross-sectional dimensions affect the accuracy of guiding the material to be punched and therefore the life of the punching tool.
Also, during the punching operation, it is necessary to monitor the height of the burrs. The burrs are desirably 40 μm or less, more desirably 30 μm or less. Excessive burrs are considered to fall off during use and cause engine troubles, and in particular, tend to induce cracks from oil holes during bending into rings. Suppression of burrs is achieved by adjusting the hardness of the material (HV ≧ 200), maintaining the clearance between the punch and the die properly, and limiting the wear of the punch and the die edge (0.05 mm or less). .
[0016]
In the punching method, it is desirable to reduce the load of a punch and a die for a set of punching tools by simultaneously punching an appropriate number of oil holes while intermittently feeding in view of the durability of the punching tool.
Further, since the punch is easily broken as described above, in this case, it is necessary to stop the operation immediately to prevent the accident from spreading. For this reason, it is necessary to constantly monitor the presence of the through oil hole at a predetermined position by mechanical, electrical, optical, or the like. At this time, if the through oil holes have a constant pitch and the same shape, it is convenient for simplification of these monitoring devices.
Finally, a quenching and tempering heat treatment is performed in a continuous heat treatment furnace. In the bending of the piston ring, it is necessary that the springback and the bent state are uniform in the longitudinal direction of the material to be formed. For this reason, even in the invention of the manufacturing method of the present application, the quenching and tempering heat treatment is performed in a continuous furnace.
[0017]
【Example】
From the wire materials of the components shown in Table 1, the width is 3.8 mm in cross-sectional dimensions, and W in FIG. 2 (ignoring the fillet radius, ignoring even if there is slimming) by a processing method mainly using a warm roll die. A cross-sectionally shaped steel wire material for a two-piece oil ring having dimensions of 2.0 mm, a height of 2.3 mm, and a web thickness of 0.65 mm was manufactured, and subsequently annealed by a continuous annealing furnace. One example of the hardness in this state is HV ≒ 260, and the data of each material shows that the hardness variation HV is 25 or less, the horizontal bending and the horizontal bending are 1 mm / 1000 mm or less, the twist is 0.5 ° / 1000 mm or less, and the web portion is The thickness variation was 0.020 mm / 50 mm or less.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003589353
[0019]
Each of the above-mentioned materials was punched 3,000 times through holes having a through oil hole width b = 1.45 mm, the same length a = 3.5 mm, and the same interval c = 1 mm.
As a result, punch and die were not damaged at all in each lot, and wear of about 0.020 mm was observed at the bunch and die corners. Further, the pitch variation of the punched holes was as good as ± 0.05 mm or less. In addition, as a result of observing oil holes at both ends of the test material, the height of the burr was 0.025 mm or less.
Next, the irregularly shaped wires with oil holes were quenched and tempered to about HV400, and then continuously bent to an inner diameter of 90 mm. No breakage originated from burrs or other causes during bending. The variation in width after quenching and tempering was 0.002 mm.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the cross-sectional shape accuracy, workability, etc., have been reduced with the increase in alloying, the punching properties have to be improved in order to industrially punch through-holes in the web of the cross-sectionally shaped wire. However, as a result of repeated improvements in each direction, it was possible to alleviate this.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a deformed material for a ring with an oil hole having an excellent oil scraping ability or a small cross section, and it is possible to apply the present invention to a small internal combustion engine and to enjoy the effect of reducing the cross sectional dimension.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional view and a dimensional code of a punching device for punching a through oil hole in a web portion of a cross-sectionally shaped steel wire.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a plan view of a punching completed material and dimension codes.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cross-section wire 4 Punch 5 Dice 10 Upper guide and punch guide 11 Lateral guide

Claims (1)

焼入れ焼もどし熱処理で硬さをHV300〜450とされ、概略断面形状が長方形(正方形を含む)の二対辺に凹部が形成されてHまたはX字形で、そのウェブ部に多数の打抜きによる貫通油孔を形成された内燃機関の2ピース型オイルリング用異形鋼線材において、母材の化学成分は、重量%で、C 0.8%を越え0.95%未満、Si 1.0%以下、Mn 1.0%以下、Cr 15.0〜25.0%を含み、さらに必要に応じてMoとWの1種または2種をMo+1/2Wで0.5〜3.0%のグループ、VとNbの1種または2種をV+1/2Nbで0.05〜2.0%のグループおよび12%以下のCoと5%以下のNiと5%以下のCuの1種または2種以上からなるグループのうちの1種または2種以上のグループを含み、残部Feと不可避不純物からなり、少なくとも一方の前記凹部の底部は平坦部があり、その幅(隅肉半径、ヌスミは無視)をW、前記貫通油孔の幅方向寸法をb、該貫通油孔の幅方向壁面の高さをt、前記貫通油孔の相互間隔をcとしたとき、次式を満足することを特徴とする内燃機関の2ピース型オイルリング用異形鋼線材。
1.4t>W−b≧0.8tおよびc≧t
The hardness is set to HV300-450 by quenching and tempering heat treatment, the cross-sectional shape is rectangular (including square), concave parts are formed on two opposite sides, and H or X-shape. In the deformed steel wire rod for a two-piece oil ring of an internal combustion engine formed with the above, the chemical composition of the base metal is, by weight%, more than 0.8% and less than 0.95%, Si 1.0% or less, Mn 1.0% or less, Cr 15.0 or less. 225.0%, and if necessary, one or two of Mo and W are in the group of 0.5 to 3.0% with Mo + 1 / 2W, and one or two of V and Nb are in the range of 0.05 to 2.0% with V + 1 / 2Nb. And one or more of the group consisting of one or more of 12% or less of Co, 5% or less of Ni, and 5% or less of Cu, from the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The bottom of at least one of the recesses has a flat portion, and its width (fillet radius, The vision) W, the width direction dimension of the through oil holes b, t the height of the widthwise walls of the through oil hole, when the mutual spacing of the through oil hole and is c, satisfies the following equation A specially shaped steel wire rod for a two-piece oil ring of an internal combustion engine.
1.4t> Wb ≧ 0.8t and c ≧ t
JP29123492A 1992-10-23 1992-10-29 Deformed steel wire for two-piece oil ring of internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime JP3589353B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29123492A JP3589353B2 (en) 1992-10-29 1992-10-29 Deformed steel wire for two-piece oil ring of internal combustion engine
EP93116516A EP0594042B1 (en) 1992-10-23 1993-10-12 A section steel wire for an oil ring and a method of producing the same
DE69307823T DE69307823T2 (en) 1992-10-23 1993-10-12 Steel wire for an oil ring and process for its manufacture
US08/138,050 US5411609A (en) 1992-10-23 1993-10-19 Section steel wire of oil ring
KR1019930022185A KR960008694B1 (en) 1992-10-23 1993-10-22 Section steel wire of oil ring

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JP29123492A JP3589353B2 (en) 1992-10-29 1992-10-29 Deformed steel wire for two-piece oil ring of internal combustion engine

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JPH06137431A JPH06137431A (en) 1994-05-17
JP3589353B2 true JP3589353B2 (en) 2004-11-17

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