JP3581090B2 - Dry desulfurization / denitration equipment - Google Patents

Description

になる。
【００２９】
また、媒体１７の山の安息角θは、
θ＝ｔａｎ^−１｛ｈ_２ ／（Ｄ_１ ／２）｝
になり、通常、３５〔°〕程度である。
【００３０】
そして、各シュート４７と各上部ホッパ４２、４３とが連結される部分の傾き角をθ_１ 〜θ_８ とすると、傾き角θ_１ 〜θ_８ は、
θ_１ ＝θ_８ ＜θ_２ ＝θ_７ ＜θ_３ ＝θ_６ ＜θ_４ ＝θ_５
になるように設定される。通常、傾き角θ_１ は４５〔°〕以上にするのが好ましい。さらに、各移動層５５の幅をＬとし、各ホッパ室４５の底部の幅をＬ_１ 〜Ｌ_８ とし、各ホッパ室４５の高さをｈ_４ とすると、
Ｌ＝Ｋ_２ ・Ｌ_１
（Ｋ_２ ：４〜１０）
Ｌ_１ ＝Ｌ_２ ＝Ｌ_３ ＝Ｌ_４ ＝Ｌ_５ ＝Ｌ_６ ＝Ｌ_７ ＝Ｌ_８
であり、各ホッパ室４５の角錐の角度θ′は、
θ′＝ｔａｎ^−１｛ｈ_４ ／（Ｌ_１ ／２）｝
で表すことができ、稜（りょう）角で４０〔°〕とするのが好ましい。
【００３１】
また、各移動層５５の層厚ｗ_１ は、脱硝率によって左右され、
ｗ_１ ＝１〜２〔ｍ〕
とするのが好ましく、また、移動層５５間の距離ｗ_２ は、
ｗ_２ ＝Ｋ_３ ・ｗ_１
（Ｋ_３ ：１〜３）
である。
【００３２】
なお、本実施の形態においては、
０．６＜Ｌ_１ ／ｗ_１ ≦１．０
である。
【００３３】
このように、同じ粒径の媒体１７が、各ホッパ室４５に供給され、各区画室５０内を下方に移動させられるので、被処理ガスは、移動層５５内を均一に流れるようになる。したがって、ガス偏流が発生するのを防止することができるので、脱硫率及び脱硝率を高くすることができる。
【００３４】
ところで、前記各移動層５５において、入口ルーバ７１、出口ルーバ、区画板４９等が破損したり、各区画室５０内において媒体１７が閉塞したりして反応塔に何らかの異常が発生すると、脱硫及び脱硝を円滑に行うことができなくなってしまう。そこで、反応塔に異常が発生すると、上部分配ホッパ３６内の媒体１７を、前記上部ホッパ４２、４３に供給せず、パージ管４１を介して被処理ガス供給室６１に供給し、該被処理ガス供給室６１に一時的に蓄えるようにしている。したがって、その間に、入口ルーバ７１、出口ルーバ、区画板４９等を補修したり、各区画室５０内において閉塞した媒体１７を除去したりするようにしている。
【００３５】
そのために、前記パージ管４１の所定の位置に開閉手段としての弁７２が配設され、駆動手段としてのアクチュエータ７３を駆動することによって弁７２を開閉させることができる。この場合、前記弁７２として開閉弁、スライドゲート等を、アクチュエータ７３としてモータ、エアシリンダ等を使用することができる。
【００３６】
また、前記上部分配ホッパ３６内の所定の位置にレベルセンサ７５が配設され、該レベルセンサ７５によって上部分配ホッパ３６内の媒体１７の高さｈが検出され、検出された高さｈが制御部７４に送られる。なお、本実施の形態においては、レベルセンサ７５は媒体１７の山の頂上の近傍に配設されるようになっているが、山の頂上に配設したり、山の麓の近傍に配設したりすることもできる。また、前記レベルセンサ７５としては、静電容量の変化に基づいて媒体１７の高さｈを検出するレベル指示計を使用することができる。
【００３７】
そして、前記被処理ガス入口６５に第１の圧力センサ７６が、被処理ガス出口６６に第２の圧力センサ７７が配設され、前記第１の圧力センサ７６によって被処理ガス入口６５側の被処理ガスの圧力Ｐ１が検出され、前記第２の圧力センサ７７によって被処理ガス出口６６側の被処理ガスの圧力Ｐ２が検出され、検出された圧力Ｐ１、Ｐ２が制御部７４に送られる。なお、必要に応じて被処理ガス出口６７に第３の圧力センサを配設し、該第３の圧力センサによって被処理ガス出口６７側の被処理ガスの圧力を検出し、検出された圧力を制御部７４に送ることもできる。
【００３８】
そして、前記制御部７４の図示されない異常発生判断処理手段は、前記高さｈを受けると、該高さｈとあらかじめ設定された上限値ｈｍａｘとを比較することによって、第１の異常判定条件が成立するかどうかを判断し、前記高さｈが上限値ｈｍａｘ以上である場合、第１の異常判定条件が成立すると判断し、前記高さｈが上限値ｈｍａｘより低い場合、第１の異常判定条件が成立しないと判断する。
【００３９】
また、前記異常発生判断処理手段は、前記高さｈとあかじめ設定された下限値ｈｍｉｎとを比較することによって、第２の異常判定条件が成立するかどうかを判断し、前記高さｈが下限値ｈｍｉｎ以下である場合、第２の異常判定条件が成立すると判断し、前記高さｈが下限値ｈｍｉｎより高い場合、第２の異常判定条件が成立しないと判断する。この場合、前記上限値ｈｍａｘ及び下限値ｈｍｉｎは、レベルセンサ７５が配設される位置に対応させて設定される。
【００４０】
さらに、前記異常発生判断処理手段は、前記圧力Ｐ１、Ｐ２を受けると、圧力差ΔＰ
ΔＰ＝Ｐ１−Ｐ２
を算出するとともに、該圧力差ΔＰとあらかじめ設定された閾（しきい）値Ｐｔｈとを比較することによって、異常判定付加条件が成立するかどうかを判断し、前記圧力差ΔＰが閾値Ｐｔｈ以上である場合、異常判定付加条件が成立すると判断し、前記圧力差ΔＰが閾値Ｐｔｈより小さい場合、異常判定付加条件が成立しないと判断する。
【００４１】
次に、前記異常発生判断処理手段は、第１、第２の異常判定条件及び異常判定付加条件が成立するかどうかによって反応塔に異常が発生しているかどうかを判断する。すなわち、前記異常発生判断処理手段は、第１の異常判定条件が成立し、かつ、異常判定付加条件が成立する場合、及び第２の異常判定条件が成立し、かつ、異常判定付加条件が成立しない場合には、反応塔に異常が発生したと判断し、第１、第２の異常判定条件がいずれも成立しない場合には、前記異常判定付加条件が成立するしないにかかわらず、反応塔に異常が発生していないと判断する。
【００４２】
なお、本実施の形態においては、第１、第２の異常判定条件及び異常判定付加条件が成立するかどうかによって反応塔に異常が発生したかどうかを判断するようになっているが、第１、第２の異常判定条件が成立するかどうかによって反応塔に異常が発生したかどうかを判断することもできる。そのために、前記異常発生判断処理手段は、第１、第２の異常判定条件のうちのいずれか一方が成立する場合、反応塔に異常が発生したと判断し、第１、第２の異常判定条件がいずれも成立しない場合、反応塔に異常が発生していないと判断する。
【００４３】
このようにして、異常発生判断処理が行われ、異常が発生していると判断されると、前記制御部７４の図示されない警報処理手段は図示されない警報器、表示装置等によってアラームを発生させる。また、前記制御部７４の図示されない開放処理手段は、前記アクチュエータ７３を駆動して弁７２を開放する。この場合、上部分配ホッパ３６内の媒体１７は、各移動層５５には送られず、パージ管４１を介して被処理ガス供給室６１内に送られ、一時的に蓄えられる。したがって、各移動層５５内から媒体１７を除去することができるので、その間に、入口ルーバ７１、出口ルーバ、区画板４９等を補修したり、各区画室５０内において閉塞した媒体１７を除去したりすることができる。なお、前記被処理ガス供給室６１の底部に前記媒体１７を排出するための媒体出口８１が形成され、前記被処理ガス供給室６１内に蓄えられた媒体１７を排出することができるようになっている。そのために、前記被処理ガス供給室６１の底部は傾斜させられ、媒体１７は自重で排出される。
【００４４】
このように、媒体１７を蓄えるためのパージ槽を別に配設する必要がなくなるだけでなく、媒体１７を前記パージ槽に供給するためのコンベヤ等の搬送手段が不要になるので、乾式脱硫・脱硝装置のコストを低くすることができる。
【００４５】
なお、本実施の形態においては、上部分配ホッパ３６と被処理ガス供給室６１とをパージ管４１によって接続し、上部分配ホッパ３６内の媒体１７を被処理ガス供給室６１に供給するようになっているが、上部分配ホッパ３６と被処理ガス排出室６２、６３とをパージ管によって接続し、上部分配ホッパ３６内の媒体１７を被処理ガス排出室６２、６３に供給することもできる。
【００４６】
また、本実施の形態において、弁７２はアクチュエータ７３を駆動することによって開放するようになっているが、前記警報器、表示装置等によるアラームに従って手動で開放することもできる。
【００４７】
次に、従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置と本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置との粒度分布の差について説明する。
【００４８】
図７は従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置における粒度分布を示す図、図８は本発明の実施の形態における乾式脱硫・脱硝装置の粒度分布を示す図である。
【００４９】
この場合、媒体１７（図１）の全体（触媒全体）及び各区画室＃１〜＃８に供給された媒体１７の粒度分布を示している。
【００５０】
図７に示されるように、従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置においては、粒径の大きな媒体１７は移動層１０（図３参照）の幅Ｌ方向における周辺部の区画室＃１、＃８に集まり、粒径の小さな媒体１７は移動層１０の幅Ｌ方向における中央部の区画室＃４、＃５に集まってしまう。この場合、粒径のばらつきを示す標準偏差σは１４．７４である。
【００５１】
これに対して、図８に示されるように、本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置においては、粒径の大きな媒体１７も粒径の小さな媒体１７も、移動層５５（図５）の幅Ｌ方向における全体にほぼ均一に供給される。この場合、標準偏差σは２．９９である。
【００５２】
次に、本実施の形態における脱硝率、空間速度及び媒体１７の粒径の関係について説明する。
【００５３】
図９は本発明の実施の形態における脱硝率、空間速度及び粒径の関係を示した図である。なお、図において、横軸に空間速度ｓｖを、縦軸に脱硝率を採ってある。
【００５４】
ここで、空間速度ｓｖとは、被処理ガスの量を媒体１７（図１）の量で割って得られる値であり、一定量の媒体１７によって処理を行うことができる被処理ガスの量を示す。
【００５５】
図に示されるように、空間速度ｓｖが低くなると、脱硝率が高くなり、また、粒径が小さいほど脱硝率が高くなる。
【００５６】
前述されたように、前記移動層５５（図５）の幅Ｌ方向において粒度分布は均一になるので、被処理ガスに偏流が発生することはない。したがって、空間速度ｓｖを一様に低くすることができ、脱硝率を高くすることができる。
【００５７】
図１０は各区画室ごとの脱硝率について、従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置と本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置とを比較した図、図１１は各区画室ごとの空間速度について、従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置と本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置とを比較した図である。
【００５８】
図から分かるように、本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置においては、脱硝率及び空間速度ｓｖのいずれも各区画室＃１〜＃８にわたって平均的な値を有することができるので、乾式脱硫・脱硝装置の全体で脱硝率を約１．２〔％〕高くすることができる。
【００５９】
なお、本実施の形態においては、乾式脱硫・脱硝装置の反応塔について説明しているが、本発明を媒体補給槽、脱離塔等に適用することもできる。
【００６０】
また、媒体１７（図１）としては、活性炭のほかに、金属系脱硝媒体等の一般的な媒体を使用することもできる。
【００６１】
なお、本発明は前記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づいて種々変形させることが可能であり、それらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。
【００６２】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、乾式脱硫・脱硝装置においては、移動層と、該移動層に隣接させて配設され、被処理ガスを移動層に供給するための被処理ガス供給室と、前記移動層に隣接させて配設され、被処理ガスを移動槽から排出するための被処理ガス排出室と、前記移動層の上端に配設され、複数のホッパ室を備えた上部ホッパと、前記移動層より上方に配設され、媒体入口を介して媒体が供給される上部分配ホッパと、該上部分配ホッパと各ホッパ室との間に配設され、上部分配ホッパ内の媒体を各ホッパ室に供給するシュートと、前記上部分配ホッパと被処理ガス供給室及び被処理ガス排出室のうちの少なくとも一方との間に配設されたパージ管と、該パージ管に配設された開閉手段とを有する。
【００６３】
この場合、前記上部分配ホッパと被処理ガス供給室及び被処理ガス排出室のうちの少なくとも一方との間にパージ管が配設され、開閉手段の開放に伴って、上部分配ホッパ内の媒体がパージ管を介して前記被処理ガス供給室及び被処理ガス排出室のうちの少なくとも一方に供給される。
【００６４】
したがって、上部分配ホッパ内の媒体は、移動層には送られず、被処理ガス供給室及び被処理ガス排出室のうちの少なくとも一方内に一時的に蓄えられる。その結果、移動層内から媒体を除去することができるので、その間に、入口ルーバ、出口ルーバ、区画板等を補修したり、各区画室内において閉塞した媒体を除去したりすることができる。
【００６５】
また、媒体を蓄えるためのパージ槽を別に配設する必要がなくなるだけでなく、媒体を前記パージ槽に供給するためのコンベヤ等の搬送手段が不要になるので、乾式脱硫・脱硝装置のコストを低くすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態における乾式脱硫・脱硝装置の要部を示す概略図である。
【図２】従来の反応塔の斜視図である。
【図３】従来の反応塔の断面図である。
【図４】従来の粒度分布の測定結果を示す図である。
【図５】本発明の実施の形態における反応塔の要部を示す概略図である。
【図６】本発明の実施の形態における反応塔の平面図である。
【図７】従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置における粒度分布を示す図である。
【図８】本発明の実施の形態における乾式脱硫・脱硝装置の粒度分布を示す図である。
【図９】本発明の実施の形態における脱硝率、空間速度及び粒径の関係を示した図である。
【図１０】各区画室ごとの脱硝率について、従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置と本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置とを比較した図である。
【図１１】各区画室ごとの空間速度について、従来の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置と本発明の乾式脱硫・脱硝装置とを比較した図である。
【符号の説明】
１７ 媒体
３６ 上部分配ホッパ
３７ 媒体入口
４１ パージ管
４２、４３ 上部ホッパ
４５ ホッパ室
４７ シュート
５５ 移動層
６１ 被処理ガス供給室
６２、６３ 被処理ガス排出室
７２ 弁
７４ 制御部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dry desulfurization / denitration device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus, a medium such as activated carbon is moved from an upper end to a lower end of a reaction tower, and a gas to be treated is passed therebetween, thereby simultaneously performing desulfurization and denitration, and a sulfurous acid gas is removed from the gas to be treated. (SO₂) And nitrogen oxides (NO_X).
[0003]
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a conventional reaction tower, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the conventional reaction tower, and FIG. 4 is a view showing a measurement result of a conventional particle size distribution.
[0004]
In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a reaction tower main body in which a pair of moving layers 10 parallel to each other is formed. The reaction tower main body 11 is connected to the upper hopper 12 having a pyramid (cone) shape. The body 13 includes a body 13 having a rectangular cross section and a lower hopper 14 having a pyramid shape connected to the body 13. The upper hopper 12 has a medium supply port 15 at an upper end, and the lower hopper 14 has a medium discharge port 16 at a lower end. The medium 17 supplied through the medium supply port 15 moves inside the upper hopper 12. It moves downward in the layer 10 and the lower hopper 14 and is discharged from the medium discharge port 16 to the outside. Further, the medium 17 discharged through the medium discharge port 16 is reproduced by a reproducing device (not shown), and is supplied to the upper hopper 12 again.
[0005]
A processing gas supply unit 18 to which a processing gas is supplied is formed on one of the side walls of the body 13, and a processing gas discharge unit 20 from which the processing gas is discharged is formed on the other side wall. In the body 13, the gas to be processed supplied from the gas to be processed supply section 18 is divided into right and left, moves in each moving layer 10, and is discharged from the gas to be processed discharge section 20. The reaction tower is constituted by the reaction tower main body 11, the treated gas supply section 18, the treated gas discharge section 20, and the like, and the reaction tower, the regenerator and the like constitute a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus.
[0006]
The moving bed 10 has an inlet louver 10a on the upstream side in the flow direction of the gas to be treated and an outlet louver 10b on the downstream side. Further, the main body portion of the moving layer 10 is partitioned by a plurality of partition plates 10c arranged so as to extend in the vertical direction, and a plurality of partition chambers are formed. The inlet louver 10a has an opening structure such that the medium 17 does not fall, and the outlet louver 10b is formed of a perforated plate, and the diameter of each hole of the perforated plate is set smaller than the particle diameter of the medium 17; Only the gas to be processed is passed, and the medium 17 does not flow out of the inlet louver 10a and the outlet louver 10b to the outside.
[0007]
The lower end of the moving layer 10, that is, between the body 13 and the lower hopper 14, is rotated by a driving system (not shown), and while the level of the moving layer 10 is adjusted to be constant, the medium A cutting device 22 for discharging a fixed amount at a time is provided. Therefore, the medium 17 in the moving bed 10 is moved downward at a constant speed, and in the meantime, comes into contact with the gas to be treated in cross-flow, and simultaneously performs desulfurization and denitration.
[0008]
Meanwhile, since the medium 17 is supplied through the medium supply port 15 formed at one position above the reaction tower main body 11, a mountain of the medium 17 having a predetermined angle of repose θ is formed at the upper end of the moving bed 10. Is done. If the width of the body 13 is L and the height of the mountain of the medium 17 formed in the upper hopper 12 is H, the angle of repose θ is
θ = tan^-1{H / (L / 2)}
Can be represented by When activated carbon is used as the medium 17, the activated carbon is moved in the moving bed 10 with a particle size distribution as shown in FIG.
[0009]
By the way, in the moving bed 10, when the inlet louver 10a, the outlet louver 10b, the partition plate 10c, etc. are damaged, or the medium 17 is blocked (shortened) in each compartment, any abnormality occurs in the reaction tower, In addition, the denitration cannot be performed smoothly. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the reaction tower, the medium 17 discharged from the medium discharge port 16 is not supplied to the regenerating apparatus, but is supplied to a purge tank (not shown), and is temporarily stored in the purge tank. Therefore, in the meantime, the entrance louver 10a, the exit louver 10b, the partition plate 10c, and the like are repaired, and the medium 17 closed in each compartment is removed.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus, when an abnormality occurs in the reaction tower, not only the purge tank for storing the medium 17 is required, but also the medium 17 discharged from the medium discharge port 16. In order to supply the wastewater to the purge tank, a conveying means such as a conveyor (not shown) is required, so that the cost of the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus is increased.
[0011]
The present invention solves the problems of the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus, and provides a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus that does not require the provision of a purge tank, a conveyor, and the like, and can reduce the cost. Aim.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention, a moving bed, a gas supply chamber to be processed which is disposed adjacent to the moving bed and supplies a gas to be processed to the moving bed, A gas discharge chamber for discharging a gas to be treated from the moving bed, an upper hopper provided at a top end of the moving bed and having a plurality of hopper chambers, An upper distribution hopper, which is disposed above and to which the medium is supplied via a medium inlet; and is disposed between the upper distribution hopper and each hopper chamber, and supplies the medium in the upper distribution hopper to each hopper chamber. A purging pipe disposed between the upper distribution hopper and at least one of the gas supply chamber and the gas discharge chamber, and an opening / closing means disposed in the purge pipe. .
[0013]
In another dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention, further, an abnormality occurrence determination processing means for determining whether an abnormality has occurred, and an opening process for opening the opening / closing means when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred. Means.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a reaction tower according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. It is a top view of a reaction tower in the form of.
[0016]
In the figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a reaction tower main body, and the reaction tower main body 31 includes an upper distribution hopper 36, upper hoppers 42 and 43, a body 48, and a lower hopper (not shown). Reference numeral 35 denotes a medium supply conveyor, and the medium 17 transported by the medium supply conveyor 35 is dropped into an upper distribution hopper 36.
[0017]
The upper distribution hopper 36 has a substantially cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 3 [m], has a medium inlet 37 on the upper wall, and has an inverted conical shape with an angle of 45 [°] on the lower wall. A lower inverted conical portion 38 is formed. On the slope of the lower inverted conical portion 38, chute inlets 39 are formed at 16 places on the same circle having a radius of 1 [m]. A single purge hole 40 is formed at the lowermost portion of the lower inverted conical portion 38, and a purge pipe 41 made of an iron pipe is connected to the purge hole 40.
[0018]
The body portion 48 is disposed adjacent to the moving layer 55 between the pair of moving layers 55, the moving layers 55, and a processing gas supply chamber 61 for supplying a processing gas to each moving layer 55, and A pair of gas discharge chambers 62 and 63 disposed outside the moving layers 55 and adjacent to the moving layers 55 for discharging the gas to be processed from the moving layers 55; A gas inlet 65 is formed in the chamber 61, and gas outlets 66 and 67 are formed in the gas discharge chambers 62 and 63, respectively. The upper distribution hopper 36 is disposed above each moving layer 55. Further, the reaction tower main body 31, the gas to be treated inlet 65, the gas to be treated outlets 66 and 67, etc. constitute a reaction tower.
[0019]
Each of the moving layers 55 has an inlet louver 71 on the side facing the processing gas supply chamber 61 and an outlet louver (not shown) on the side facing the processing gas discharge chambers 62 and 63, and has an upper part at the upper end. The lower hoppers are provided at the lower ends of the hoppers 42 and 43, and each of the upper hoppers 42 and 43 has a hopper chamber 45 having eight pyramidal shapes. The inlet louver 71 has an opening structure so that the medium 17 does not fall, and the outlet louver is formed of a perforated plate, and the diameter of each hole of the perforated plate is set smaller than the particle diameter of the medium 17. Only the processing gas can be passed through, and the medium 17 does not flow out of the inlet louver 71 and the outlet louver to the outside.
[0020]
A chute 47 made of an iron pipe having a diameter of 200 to 300 [mm] is arranged between the upper distribution hopper 36 and each hopper chamber 45, and the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 is moved by each chute 47. Is supplied to each hopper chamber 45. Further, the purge pipe 41 is provided between the purge hole 40 and the gas supply chamber 61, and the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 is supplied with the gas 17 through the purge pipe 41 as necessary. It is supplied to the supply chamber 61. Each moving layer 55 is partitioned by seven partition plates 49, and eight partition chambers 50 are formed corresponding to the respective hopper chambers 45.
[0021]
The lower hopper has a pyramid shape, and a medium outlet is formed at a lower end of the lower hopper. The lower end of each moving layer 55, that is, between the body portion 48 and the lower hopper, is rotated by a drive system (not shown) to adjust the level of the moving layer 55 from the medium discharge port to the medium outlet. A cutting device (not shown) for discharging a fixed amount of 17 is provided. Therefore, the medium 17 in each of the moving layers 55 is moved downward at a constant speed, during which the medium 17 comes into contact with the gas to be treated, and simultaneously performs desulfurization and denitration.
[0022]
In the reaction tower having the above-described configuration, the gas to be processed supplied from the gas to be processed inlet 65 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6 is split right and left (up and down in FIG. 6) in the gas to be processed supply chamber 61. And is sent to the gas discharge chambers 62 and 63 and discharged from the gas outlets 66 and 67 in the direction of the arrow in FIG.
[0023]
The medium 17 conveyed by the medium supply conveyor 35 is supplied to the upper distribution hopper 36 via the medium inlet 37. At this time, the medium 17 falls to the central part in the upper distribution hopper 36, and the medium 17 having a large particle diameter falls along the slope of the mountain and gathers in the peripheral part in the upper distribution hopper 36, and Medium 17 collects at the central portion in the upper distribution hopper 36, but collects with the same particle size distribution in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the medium 17 having the same particle diameter passes through the chutes 47 and is supplied to the hopper chambers 45 of the upper hoppers 42 and 43.
[0024]
The medium 17 in each of the hopper chambers 45 is supplied to each of the compartments 50, and is moved downward in the compartments 50. To adsorb sulfur oxides such as sulfurous acid gas in the gas to be treated and convert nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen (N₂) And water (H₂O). In this way, desulfurization and denitration are performed simultaneously.
[0025]
Then, the medium 17 supplied from each compartment 50 to the lower hopper is discharged from the medium discharge port, sent to a reproducing device (not shown), reproduced in the reproducing device, and supplied to the upper distribution hopper 36 again. Note that a dry desulfurization / denitration device is constituted by the reaction tower, the regeneration device, and the like.
[0026]
By the way, the inner diameter of the upper distribution hopper 36 is D₁And the diameter of a circle passing through the center of each chute inlet 39 is D₂And the diameter of the chute 47 is D₃When the number of divisions of the upper hoppers 42 and 43, that is, the number of hopper chambers 45 in each of the upper hoppers 42 and 43 is n, and the pitch between the chute inlets 39 is P,
D₂= (2nD₃+ 2n · P) / π
Becomes the relationship.
[0027]
And
D₂/ D₁= 2/3
And the diameter of the medium 17 is D₄And the diameter D of each chute 47₃To
D₃= K₁・ D₄
(K₁: 10-30)
And Usually,
D₄= 10 [mm]
n = 8-12
P = 50-100 [mm]
So that
D₁= 2-3 m
D₂= 1.3-2 [m]
It is preferable to set the degree.
[0028]
The height of the upper distribution hopper 36 is H, and the height from the upper wall of the upper distribution hopper 36 to the top of the mountain of the medium 17 formed in the upper distribution hopper 36 is h.₁And the height from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain₂And the height from the foot of the mountain to the lower wall of the upper distribution hopper 36 is h₃Then
H = h₁+ H₂+ H₃
become,

become.
[0029]
The angle of repose θ of the mountain of the medium 17 is
θ = tan^-1｛H₂/ (D₁/ 2)｝
And is usually about 35 [°].
[0030]
Then, the inclination angle of the portion where each chute 47 is connected to each upper hopper 42, 43 is θ₁~ Θ₈Then the tilt angle θ₁~ Θ₈Is
θ₁= Θ₈<Θ₂= Θ₇<Θ₃= Θ₆<Θ₄= Θ₅
Is set to be Normally, the inclination angle θ₁Is preferably 45 [°] or more. Further, the width of each moving layer 55 is L, and the width of the bottom of each hopper chamber 45 is L.₁~ L₈And the height of each hopper chamber 45 is h₄Then
L = K₂・ L₁
(K₂: 4-10)
L₁= L₂= L₃= L₄= L₅= L₆= L₇= L₈
And the angle θ ′ of the pyramid of each hopper chamber 45 is
θ '= tan^-1｛H₄/ (L₁/ 2)｝
And it is preferable that the ridge angle is 40 °.
[0031]
Also, the thickness w of each moving layer 55₁Depends on the denitration rate,
w₁= 1 to 2 [m]
And the distance w between the moving layers 55₂Is
w₂= K₃・ W₁
(K₃: 1-3)
It is.
[0032]
In the present embodiment,
0.6 <L₁/ W₁≦ 1.0
It is.
[0033]
As described above, the medium 17 having the same particle size is supplied to each hopper chamber 45 and is moved downward in each compartment 50, so that the gas to be processed flows uniformly in the moving bed 55. Therefore, the occurrence of gas drift can be prevented, and the desulfurization rate and the denitration rate can be increased.
[0034]
By the way, in the moving bed 55, when the inlet louver 71, the outlet louver, the partition plate 49, etc. are damaged, or the medium 17 is closed in each of the compartments 50 and any abnormality occurs in the reaction tower, desulfurization and denitrification occur Cannot be performed smoothly. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the reaction tower, the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 is not supplied to the upper hoppers 42 and 43 but is supplied to the gas supply chamber 61 through the purge pipe 41 to be processed. The gas is temporarily stored in the gas supply chamber 61. Therefore, in the meantime, the entrance louver 71, the exit louver, the partition plate 49, and the like are repaired, and the medium 17 closed in each of the compartments 50 is removed.
[0035]
Therefore, a valve 72 as an opening / closing means is provided at a predetermined position of the purge pipe 41, and the valve 72 can be opened / closed by driving an actuator 73 as a driving means. In this case, an on-off valve, a slide gate, or the like can be used as the valve 72, and a motor, an air cylinder, or the like can be used as the actuator 73.
[0036]
A level sensor 75 is provided at a predetermined position in the upper distribution hopper 36. The level sensor 75 detects the height h of the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 and controls the detected height h. It is sent to the unit 74. In the present embodiment, the level sensor 75 is provided near the top of the mountain of the medium 17, but may be provided at the top of the mountain or near the foot of the mountain. You can also. Further, as the level sensor 75, a level indicator that detects the height h of the medium 17 based on a change in capacitance can be used.
[0037]
A first pressure sensor 76 is provided at the gas inlet 65 and a second pressure sensor 77 is provided at the gas outlet 66. The first pressure sensor 76 controls the gas pressure on the gas inlet 65 side. The pressure P1 of the processing gas is detected, the pressure P2 of the processing gas on the processing gas outlet 66 side is detected by the second pressure sensor 77, and the detected pressures P1 and P2 are sent to the control unit 74. If necessary, a third pressure sensor is provided at the gas to be processed 67, and the pressure of the gas to be processed at the gas to be processed 67 is detected by the third pressure sensor. It can also be sent to the control unit 74.
[0038]
Then, upon receiving the height h, the abnormality occurrence determination processing means (not shown) of the control unit 74 compares the height h with a preset upper limit value hmax to determine the first abnormality determination condition. It is determined whether or not the condition is satisfied. If the height h is equal to or more than the upper limit value hmax, it is determined that the first abnormality determination condition is satisfied. If the height h is lower than the upper limit value hmax, the first abnormality determination is performed. It is determined that the condition is not satisfied.
[0039]
Further, the abnormality occurrence determination processing means determines whether or not a second abnormality determination condition is satisfied by comparing the height h with a preset lower limit value hmin, and Is less than or equal to the lower limit value hmin, it is determined that the second abnormality determination condition is satisfied. If the height h is higher than the lower limit value hmin, it is determined that the second abnormality determination condition is not satisfied. In this case, the upper limit value hmax and the lower limit value hmin are set in accordance with the position where the level sensor 75 is provided.
[0040]
Further, upon receiving the pressures P1 and P2, the abnormality occurrence determination processing means receives the pressure difference ΔP
ΔP = P1-P2
And comparing the pressure difference ΔP with a preset threshold (threshold) value Pth to determine whether or not the abnormality determination additional condition is satisfied. If the pressure difference ΔP is equal to or greater than the threshold value Pth, In some cases, it is determined that the abnormality determination additional condition is satisfied. When the pressure difference ΔP is smaller than the threshold value Pth, it is determined that the abnormality determination additional condition is not satisfied.
[0041]
Next, the abnormality occurrence determination processing means determines whether an abnormality has occurred in the reaction tower based on whether the first and second abnormality determination conditions and the additional abnormality determination condition are satisfied. That is, the abnormality occurrence determination processing means determines that the first abnormality determination condition is satisfied and the additional abnormality determination condition is satisfied, and that the second abnormality determination condition is satisfied and the abnormality determination additional condition is satisfied. If not, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the reaction tower, and if neither the first nor the second abnormality determination condition is satisfied, regardless of whether the abnormality determination addition condition is satisfied, the reaction tower is determined to have failed. It is determined that no abnormality has occurred.
[0042]
In the present embodiment, whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the reaction tower is determined based on whether or not the first and second abnormality determination conditions and the additional abnormality determination condition are satisfied. Alternatively, it can be determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the reaction tower based on whether or not the second abnormality determination condition is satisfied. For this purpose, the abnormality occurrence determination processing means determines that an abnormality has occurred in the reaction tower when one of the first and second abnormality determination conditions is satisfied, and performs the first and second abnormality determination. When none of the conditions is satisfied, it is determined that no abnormality has occurred in the reaction tower.
[0043]
In this manner, the abnormality occurrence determination processing is performed, and when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the alarm processing means (not shown) of the control unit 74 generates an alarm by an alarm (not shown), a display device, or the like. Further, an opening processing means (not shown) of the control unit 74 drives the actuator 73 to open the valve 72. In this case, the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 is not sent to each moving bed 55 but is sent to the processing gas supply chamber 61 via the purge pipe 41 and is temporarily stored. Therefore, since the medium 17 can be removed from each of the moving layers 55, the entrance louver 71, the exit louver, the partition plate 49, and the like can be repaired in the meantime, and the medium 17 closed in each of the compartments 50 can be removed. can do. A medium outlet 81 for discharging the medium 17 is formed at the bottom of the processing gas supply chamber 61 so that the medium 17 stored in the processing gas supply chamber 61 can be discharged. ing. Therefore, the bottom of the gas supply chamber 61 is inclined, and the medium 17 is discharged by its own weight.
[0044]
In this way, not only is there no need to separately provide a purge tank for storing the medium 17, but also there is no need for a conveying means such as a conveyor for supplying the medium 17 to the purge tank. The cost of the device can be reduced.
[0045]
In the present embodiment, the upper distribution hopper 36 and the processing gas supply chamber 61 are connected by the purge pipe 41, and the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 is supplied to the processing gas supply chamber 61. However, the medium 17 in the upper distribution hopper 36 can be supplied to the gas discharge chambers 62 and 63 by connecting the upper distribution hopper 36 and the gas discharge chambers 62 and 63 with the purge pipe.
[0046]
Further, in the present embodiment, the valve 72 is opened by driving the actuator 73. However, the valve 72 can be opened manually in accordance with an alarm from the alarm device, the display device, or the like.
[0047]
Next, the difference in particle size distribution between the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus and the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention will be described.
[0048]
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a particle size distribution in a conventional dry desulfurization / denitration device, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a particle size distribution in a dry desulfurization / denitration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0049]
In this case, the particle size distribution of the entire medium 17 (FIG. 1) (the entire catalyst) and the medium 17 supplied to each of the compartments # 1 to # 8 are shown.
[0050]
As shown in FIG. 7, in the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus, the medium 17 having a large particle size gathers in the compartments # 1 and # 8 in the peripheral portion in the width L direction of the moving bed 10 (see FIG. 3). The medium 17 having a small particle size is collected in the compartments # 4 and # 5 at the center in the width L direction of the moving layer 10. In this case, the standard deviation σ indicating the variation of the particle size is 14.74.
[0051]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, in the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention, both the medium 17 having a large particle diameter and the medium 17 having a small particle diameter are in the width L direction of the moving layer 55 (FIG. 5). Are supplied almost uniformly throughout the In this case, the standard deviation σ is 2.99.
[0052]
Next, the relationship between the denitration rate, the space velocity, and the particle size of the medium 17 in the present embodiment will be described.
[0053]
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between a denitration rate, a space velocity, and a particle diameter according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the drawing, the horizontal axis represents the space velocity sv, and the vertical axis represents the denitration rate.
[0054]
Here, the space velocity sv is a value obtained by dividing the amount of the gas to be processed by the amount of the medium 17 (FIG. 1), and the amount of the gas to be processed that can be processed by a certain amount of the medium 17 Show.
[0055]
As shown in the figure, when the space velocity sv decreases, the denitration rate increases, and as the particle size decreases, the denitration rate increases.
[0056]
As described above, since the particle size distribution becomes uniform in the width L direction of the moving layer 55 (FIG. 5), no drift occurs in the gas to be processed. Therefore, the space velocity sv can be uniformly reduced, and the denitration rate can be increased.
[0057]
FIG. 10 shows a comparison between the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus and the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention for the denitration rate of each compartment, and FIG. 11 shows the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration for the space velocity of each compartment. It is the figure which compared the device with the dry desulfurization and denitration device of the present invention.
[0058]
As can be seen from the figure, in the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention, since both the denitration rate and the space velocity sv can have an average value in each of the compartments # 1 to # 8, the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus , The denitration rate can be increased by about 1.2%.
[0059]
In the present embodiment, the reaction tower of the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus is described, but the present invention can be applied to a medium supply tank, a desorption tower, and the like.
[0060]
As the medium 17 (FIG. 1), a general medium such as a metal-based denitration medium can be used in addition to the activated carbon.
[0061]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be variously modified based on the gist of the present invention, and they are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, in a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus, a moving bed and a processing target disposed adjacent to the moving bed for supplying a target gas to the moving bed. A gas supply chamber, a gas discharge chamber to be disposed adjacent to the moving bed, for discharging a gas to be processed from the moving tank, and a plurality of hopper chambers disposed at an upper end of the moving bed. An upper distribution hopper disposed above the moving bed and supplied with a medium through a medium inlet; and an upper distribution hopper disposed between the upper distribution hopper and each hopper chamber. A chute for supplying the medium to each hopper chamber, a purge pipe disposed between the upper distribution hopper and at least one of the gas supply chamber and the gas discharge chamber, and a purging pipe. And opening / closing means provided.
[0063]
In this case, a purge pipe is provided between the upper distribution hopper and at least one of the processing gas supply chamber and the processing gas discharge chamber, and the medium in the upper distribution hopper is opened with opening of the opening / closing means. The gas is supplied to at least one of the gas supply chamber and the gas discharge chamber via a purge pipe.
[0064]
Therefore, the medium in the upper distribution hopper is not sent to the moving bed but is temporarily stored in at least one of the gas supply chamber and the gas discharge chamber. As a result, since the medium can be removed from the moving bed, the entrance louver, the exit louver, the partition plate, and the like can be repaired, and the medium blocked in each compartment can be removed.
[0065]
Further, not only is it unnecessary to separately provide a purge tank for storing the medium, but also a transport means such as a conveyor for supplying the medium to the purge tank becomes unnecessary, so that the cost of the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus is reduced. Can be lower.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a conventional reaction tower.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a conventional reaction tower.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a measurement result of a conventional particle size distribution.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a main part of a reaction tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a reaction tower according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a particle size distribution in a conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a particle size distribution of the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between a denitration rate, a space velocity, and a particle diameter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a comparison between a conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus and a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention with respect to the denitration rate of each compartment.
FIG. 11 is a diagram comparing the conventional dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus with the dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus of the present invention with respect to the space velocity of each compartment.
[Explanation of symbols]
17 medium
36 Upper distribution hopper
37 Media inlet
41 Purge pipe
42, 43 Upper hopper
45 Hopper room
47 Shoots
55 Moving bed
61 Gas supply chamber
62, 63 Gas to be treated exhaust chamber
72 valves
74 control unit

Claims (2)

(A) a moving bed;
(B) a processing gas supply chamber disposed adjacent to the moving bed for supplying a processing gas to the moving bed;
(C) a treated gas discharge chamber disposed adjacent to the moving bed for discharging the treated gas from the moving bed;
(D) an upper hopper provided at an upper end of the moving bed and having a plurality of hopper chambers;
(E) an upper distribution hopper disposed above the moving bed and supplied with a medium through a medium inlet;
(F) a chute disposed between the upper distribution hopper and each hopper chamber to supply the medium in the upper distribution hopper to each hopper chamber;
(G) a purge pipe disposed between the upper distribution hopper and at least one of the gas supply chamber and the gas discharge chamber;
(H) a dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus comprising: an opening / closing means provided in the purge pipe. (A) abnormality occurrence determination processing means for determining whether an abnormality has occurred;
2. The dry desulfurization / denitration apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: (b) opening processing means for opening the opening / closing means when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred.

Images