JP3576594B2 - Method for removing bitterness and astringency of sweet tea leaf extract - Google Patents

Method for removing bitterness and astringency of sweet tea leaf extract Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3576594B2
JP3576594B2 JP12663594A JP12663594A JP3576594B2 JP 3576594 B2 JP3576594 B2 JP 3576594B2 JP 12663594 A JP12663594 A JP 12663594A JP 12663594 A JP12663594 A JP 12663594A JP 3576594 B2 JP3576594 B2 JP 3576594B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
sweet tea
tea leaf
leaf extract
extract
astringency
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JP12663594A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH07327602A (en
Inventor
本 隆 湯
藤 英 雄 佐
司 幸 信 郡
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Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo KK
Toyo Sugar Refining Co Ltd
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Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo KK
Toyo Sugar Refining Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の技術分野】
本発明は、甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味の除去方法に関する。
【0002】
【発明の技術的背景】
甘茶(Hydrangea macrophylla var.Thunbergii)は、ユキノシタ科の落葉灌木で長野県等各地に自生し、また栽培もされており、その葉は発酵させて茶(甘茶)に製して飲用され、また醤油の製造、糖尿病治療などに用いられている。
【0003】
この甘茶葉を発酵させて抽出し、あるいは甘茶葉を発酵させずにそのまま抽出して得られる甘茶葉エキスには、甘味物前駆体のフィロズルチン8−グルコシドや甘味成分のフィロズルチン(Phyllodulcin)以外に、ケンフェロール、ケルセチン、イソケルシトリン、ルチン等のフラボノイドや、他の未同定の有効成分が存在することが予想され、甘茶葉エキスをそのまま全量摂取すれば複合的な効果が期待できる。
【0004】
しかしながら、この甘茶葉エキスには、苦味、渋味があり、また、酸性飲料に対する溶解性に劣り、そのまま全量摂取するには不都合である。
このため、甘茶葉エキスから特定の成分を取り出すのではなく、甘茶葉エキスを全体として摂取でき、しかも苦味・渋味がほとんどなく、酸性飲料に対する溶解性に優れているような甘茶葉エキスの製法の出現が望まれている。
【0005】
なお、甘茶葉を発酵させてから抽出して得られる甘茶葉エキスには、甘味成分として、フィロズルチンが含まれており、このフィロズルチンは、ステビオシドの4倍、砂糖の600〜800倍の甘味度を有しており、防腐、防菌作用も有するといわれている。
【0006】
このため、従来、この甘味成分のフィロズルチンのみを甘茶葉エキスから取り出して利用する試みがなされている。
(1) 例えば、特開昭58−190370号公報には、『フィロズルチンを含有する甘茶(アマチャ)葉抽出物を、水溶液または含水有機溶媒溶液の状態で、巨大網状構造を有する合成高分子吸着樹脂に接触させることにより、上記抽出物中のフィロズルチンを上記樹脂に吸着させ、フィロズルチンを吸着した吸着樹脂をアルカリ性の親水性有機溶媒またはこれと水との混合液で洗浄して洗浄により吸着樹脂から脱着される成分を脱着させ、次いで洗浄後の吸着樹脂を親水性有機溶媒またはこれと水との混合液と接触させてフィロズルチンを脱着させ、脱着に用いた溶媒からフィロズルチンを回収することを特徴とする、甘茶葉から抽出されたフィロズルチンの精製方法』が記載されている。
【0007】
この方法によれば、甘茶葉からヒドラゲノール等をほとんど含まず、フィロズルチン含有率の高い淡黄色粉末が得られる旨記載されている。
(2) また、特開平1−262772号公報には、『甘茶乾燥葉を超臨界二酸化炭素あるいは液化二酸化炭素で抽出することを特徴とする甘茶エキスの製造方法』が記載されており、この方法によれば、フィロズルチン以外の糖、アミノ酸等の不純物がほとんど含まれない抽出エキスが得られるとされる。
【0008】
ところで、甘茶葉を発酵させ、あるいは発酵させずにそのまま抽出して得られる甘茶葉エキスを消臭剤、皮膚外用剤などとして用いることも提案されている。
(3) 例えば、特開平4−114653号公報には、ユキノシタ科バイカアマチャ属植物の葉もしくは花びらの生物または乾燥物から、水、エタノール等の極性溶媒にて抽出してなる抽出物を有効成分とする消臭剤およびその製造方法が記載されている。
(4) また、特開平5−43445号公報には、アマチャ(甘茶)より水および/または有機溶媒(エタノール等)にて抽出して得られる抽出物が配合されていることを特徴とする、弱酸性で皮膚上細菌に対して抗菌作用を有する皮膚外用剤が記載されている。
【0009】
しかしながら、上記(1)〜(4)のいずれの公報にも、溶解性に優れ、苦味・渋味がほとんど除去され、甘茶葉エキスの全体を容易に経口摂取し得るような甘茶葉エキスの製造方法については、記載も示唆もされていない。
(5) なお、特開昭55−26820号公報には、『甘茶にシビレクズウコンを併用することを特徴とする甘茶の甘味改質法』が記載されており、この方法によれば苦味がなく、甘味良好な甘茶が得られる旨記載されている。しかしながら酸性飲料に対する溶解性は低い。
【0010】
【発明の目的】
本発明は、上記のような従来技術に伴う問題点を解決しようとするものであって、甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味が除去され、酸性飲料に対する溶解性が良好な甘茶葉エキスが得られるような甘茶葉エキスの製造方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0011】
【発明の概要】
本発明に係る第1の甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味の除去方法は、甘茶葉エキスにシクロデキストリン(CD)、好ましくはγ−シクロデキストリン(γ−CD)を作用させ、該エキス中に含まれる配糖体類等をシクロデキストリンに包接させることを特徴としている。
【0012】
本発明に係る第2の甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味の除去方法は、甘茶葉エキスに、澱粉質の存在下でα−グルコシル転移酵素、好ましくはバチルス ステアロサーモフィラス由来のα グルコシル転移酵素を作用させ、該エキス中に含まれる配糖体類をα−グルコシル化することを特徴としている。
【0013】
本発明に係る甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味の除去方法によれば、苦味・渋味が消失したエキスが得られ、該エキスの摂取が著しく容易になる。しかも、得られたエキス、特にα−グルコシル化甘茶葉エキスは、酸性溶液中での溶解安定性に優れており、酸性飲料に添加して用いるのに適している。
【0014】
また、本発明により得られる甘茶葉エキスは、従来の甘茶葉エキスと同様にトリメチルアミン臭、アンモニア臭、メチルメルカプタン臭等に対する脱臭効果を有している。
【0015】
【発明の具体的説明】
以下、本発明に係る甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味の除去方法について具体的に説明する。
【0016】
本発明では、甘茶葉エキスが処理されて、苦味・渋味が除去されるが、甘茶葉エキスは、通常、ユキノシタ科に属するアマチャの生葉および枝先を半乾して発酵させた後、乾燥し、得られた乾燥葉をそのままあるいは砕いて粉末状にして、温水で抽出することによって得られるが、生葉および枝先をそのまま抽出し、または生葉および枝先を発酵させずに乾燥して抽出してもよい。抽出に際して、エタノール、アセトンなどの有機溶媒、含水有機溶媒を用いることもできる。
【0017】
このようにして得られた甘茶葉エキスは、そのまま用いることもできるが、場合によっては該エキスに濾過、濃縮、酸析、脱色、脱塩などの処理を加えたものを用いることもできる。さらに場合によっては、上記のような該エキスから凍結乾燥等の方法で固形成分を得て、これを水などの溶媒に溶解して調製した甘茶葉エキスを用いることもできる。また上記のような甘茶葉エキスに他の有効成分を含む薬草エキスなどを混合して得られる甘茶葉エキスを用いることもできる。
【0018】
このような甘茶葉エキス中の固形分濃度は、約0.1〜25重量%程度であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る第1の甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味除去方法では、上記甘茶葉エキスにシクロデキストリン(CD)を作用させ、該エキス中に含まれる配糖体類等をシクロデキストリンに包接させている。甘茶葉エキスにシクロデキストリンを作用させる際には、甘茶葉エキスとシクロデキストリンとの混合物を、通常10〜70℃程度の温度で、3〜300分間程度攪拌することが好ましい。
【0019】
この際用いられるシクロデキストリンとしては、α−シクロデキストリン(α−CD)、β−シクロデキストリン(β−CD)、γ−シクロデキストリン(γ−CD)が挙げられる。これらのシクロデキストリンは分岐を有していてもよい。また、これらのシクロデキストリンは1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。本発明においては、特にγ−シクロデキストリンを単独で用いると甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味を著しく低減させることができるため好ましい。
【0020】
このようなシクロデキストリンは、甘茶葉エキスに含まれる配糖体などの固形重量の0.1〜50倍、好ましくは1〜4倍の量で、エキス中に添加されることが好ましい。別の観点からみると、シクロデキストリンは、該エキス中に0.1〜50重量%程度の量で添加されることが好ましい。
【0021】
本発明に係る第2の甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味除去方法では、上記のような甘茶葉エキスに、澱粉質の存在下でα−グルコシル転移酵素を作用させて、該エキス中に含まれる配糖体類をα−グルコシル化している。甘茶葉エキスに澱粉質の存在下でα−グルコシル転移酵素を作用させるには、該エキスに澱粉質とα−グルコシル転移酵素とを加え、系の pHを3〜10好ましくはpH5.5〜6.5に保ち、系の温度を20〜90℃好ましくは55〜70℃に保持すればよい。
【0022】
本発明で用いられる澱粉質としては、α−グルコシル転移酵素の基質となるものであればよく、具体的には、アミロース、アミロペクチン、澱粉などだけでなく、DE 1〜50程度の澱粉液化物、澱粉糖化物、あるいは上記シクロデキストリンなどを用いることができる。
【0023】
このような澱粉質は、甘茶葉エキスに含まれる配糖体などの固形重量の0.1〜50倍好ましくは1〜4倍の量で、エキス中に添加されることが好ましい。別の観点からみると、澱粉質は、該エキス中に1〜50重量%程度の量で添加されることが好ましい。
【0024】
本発明で用いられるα−グルコシル転移酵素としては、甘茶葉エキス中に含まれる配糖体類を澱粉質の存在下にα−グルコシル化しうる酵素であれば、どのような酵素でも用いることができるが、具体的には、バチルス マセランス、バチルス メガテリウム、バチルス サーキュランス、バチルス ポリミキサ、バチルス ステアロサーモフィラスなどのバチルス属、クレブシーラ ニューモニアエなどのクレブシーラ属などの細菌によって生産されるシクロデキストリン グルカノトランスフェラーゼなどを用いることができる。
【0025】
このようなα−グルコシル転移酵素としては、必ずしも精製して使用する必要はなく、通常は粗精製の酵素でも充分である。
α−グルコシル転移酵素は、処理される甘茶葉エキスに加えた澱粉質100g当り、100〜50000単位、好ましくは1000〜2000単位の量で、該エキス中に添加されることが好ましい。
【0026】
上記のようにして甘茶葉エキスを処理すると、該エキスの苦味・渋味が除去される。これは、該エキス中に含まれる苦味・渋味成分が、澱粉質の存在下でα−グルコシル転移酵素の働きによってα−グルコシル化されてα−グルコシル配糖体となるためであろうと考えられる。
【0027】
このようにして処理され、苦味・渋味が除去された甘茶葉エキスは、そのまま飲食に供することもできるが、通常、該エキスを加熱して酵素を失活させた後に飲食に供することもできる。また場合によっては、該エキスを濃縮したり、乾燥して粉末化したりして飲食に供することもできる。さらに場合によっては、該エキスを、脱色剤、イオン交換樹脂、吸着樹脂など用いて精製して飲食に供することもできる。
【0028】
しかも、上記第1の方法あるいは第2の方法により得られたエキス、特に好ましくは第2の方法すなわち、甘茶葉エキスに、澱粉質の存在下でα−グルコシル転移酵素を作用させて、該エキス中に含まれる配糖体類をα−グルコシル化して得られたエキスは、中性域はもとより、PH2.5〜5.0程度の酸性溶液中での溶解安定性にも優れており、酸性飲料等に添加して利用することもできる。例えばα−グルコシル化甘茶葉エキスでは、PH3.0〜4.0程度の酸性飲料100ml当り0.01〜5.0g程度の量で添加して用いることができる。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味の除去方法によれば、苦味・渋味の消失したエキスが得られ、該エキスの摂取が著しく容易になる。しかも、このようにして得られたエキスは、中性域はもとより、酸性域での溶解安定性にも優れており、酸性飲料等に添加して利用することもできる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0031】
参考例1
(1) 甘茶葉エキス末の調製
甘茶葉を発酵させた後、乾燥し、粉砕した乾燥粉末(いわゆる甘茶粉末)1.0kgに熱水20リットルを加え、2時間沸騰させながら甘茶葉成分を抽出した。次いで得られた抽出物にケイソウ土を加えた後、真空濾過にて固液分離して、濾液(イ)を分取した。
【0032】
さらに同様の操作を2回繰り返して濾液合計量51リットルを得た。[すなわち、上記の濾過工程で生じたケーキに上記の量の熱水を加えて上記時間沸騰させながら甘茶葉成分を再び抽出し、次いで得られた抽出物にケイソウ土を加えた後、真空濾過にて固液分離して再び濾液(ロ)を分取した。さらに、この濾過工程で得られたケーキに上記の量の熱水を加えて上記時間沸騰させながら甘茶成分を抽出し、次いで得られた抽出物にケイソウ土を加えた後、真空濾過にて固液分離して再び濾液(ハ)を分取した。そして、これらの濾液(イ)、(ロ)および(ハ)の合計51リットルを得た。]
このようにして得られた51リットルの濾液を2NのNaOHを用いてPH6.0に調整した後、濃縮し、凍結乾燥し、次いで粉砕して281gの甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)を得た。
(2) 甘茶葉エキスのシクロデキストリン包接処理物の調製
この甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)50.0gを水225mlに溶解させ、シクロデキストリン[(α−、β−、γ−シクロデキストリンの混合物):商品名「デキシパール K−100」,塩水港精糖(株)製]100.0gを加え、50℃の加温下に2時間攪拌してから凍結乾燥し、粉砕して、145.0gの甘茶葉エキスのシクロデキストリン包接処理物(H−1)を得た。
【0033】
参考例2〜4、比較例1〜2】
参考例1により得られた甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)の1.5%水溶液100mlに、α−シクロデキストリンを3.0g添加し溶解して甘茶葉エキスのα−シクロデキストリン包接処理物(溶液)を調製した(参考例2)。
【0034】
同様にして、甘茶葉エキスのβ−シクロデキストリン包接処理物(参考例3)、および甘茶葉エキスのγ−シクロデキストリン包接処理物(参考例4)を調製した。
【0035】
一方、参考例1により得られた甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)の1.5%水溶液(対照例1)100mlにDE−8のデキストリン3.0gを添加し溶解してなる対照液(T−2,対照例2)を用意し、表1に示す評価尺度に基づいて15名のパネラーで5段階評価した。
【0036】
結果を表2に示す。なお、評価は15名のパネラーの平均値を示す。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0003576594
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0003576594
【0039】
表2によれば、参考例1に示すように、甘茶葉エキスのα−、β−、γ−混合シクロデキストリン処理物は、α−シクロデキストリン処理物(参考例2)、β−シクロデキストリン処理物(参考例3)またはγ−シクロデキストリン処理物(参考例4)に比べて、甘味が著しく向上し、苦味、渋味が低減している。
【0040】
参考例2に示す甘茶葉エキスのα−シクロデキストリン処理物は、対照例2に示す甘茶葉エキスの未処理物(デキストリン配合物)と比較して、甘味に変化は感じられないが、苦味・渋味については、未処理の対照例と比較してわずかに改善されている。
【0041】
甘茶葉エキスのβ−シクロデキストリン処理物は、対照例2に示す甘茶葉エキス未処理物と比較して苦味・渋味が改善されている。
甘茶葉エキスのγ−シクロデキストリン処理物は、上記量までのγ−シクロデキストリンの添加により甘味がほぼ消失し、対照例2に示す甘茶葉エキスの未処理物と比較して、苦味・渋味が著しく少なくなっている。
【0042】
【実施例
参考例1により得られた甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)50.0gと、DE−8のデキストリン100.0gとを水225mlに溶解させ、2NのNaOHでPH6.0に調整した後、バチルス マセランス[天野製薬(株)製]由来のα−グルコシル転移酵素を1500単位加え、55℃の温度で40時間甘茶葉エキスのα−グルコシル化反応を行った。次いで、得られた反応物を95℃に加熱して酵素を失活させた後、凍結乾燥し、粉砕して145.0gの甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−5)を得た。
【0043】
【実施例
実施例において、バチルス マセランスに代えてバチルス ステアロサーモフィラス由来のα−グルコシル転移酵素[(株)林原生物化学研究所 製]を用い、68℃で反応させた以外は、実施例と同様にして甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−6)を得た。
【0044】
【呈味の評価】
参考例1で得られた甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)の1.5%水溶液(対照例1)と、参考例1で得られた甘茶葉エキスの混合シクロデキストリン処理物(H−1)の4.5%水溶液と、実施例で得られた甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−5)の4.5%水溶液と、実施例で得られた甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−6)の4.5%水溶液とをそれぞれ調製し、甘味・苦味・渋味の程度を表1に示す評価尺度に基づいて15名のパネラーで5段階評価した。
【0045】
結果を表3に示す。表3中の数字は、15名のパネラーの評価平均値を示す。
【0046】
【表3】
Figure 0003576594
【0047】
上記のようにして得られる甘茶葉エキスの混合シクロデキストリン処理物(参考例1:H−1)および、甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(実施例、実施例)は、未処理の甘茶葉エキス(T−1)に比べて苦味・渋味が減少している。とくに、甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(実施例、実施例)は、苦味・渋味の低減効果が著しい。
【0048】
また、未処理の甘茶葉エキスでは、苦味・渋味が強いため甘味が感じにくくなっているが、上記のようにして得られる甘茶葉エキスのシクロデキストリン処理物(参考例1:H−1)および、甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(実施例、実施例)では、苦味・渋味の減少に伴い、甘味度が大幅に向上している。
【0049】
【酸性溶液での溶解性比較試験】
参考例1により得られた甘茶葉エキスのシクロデキストリン包接処理物(H−1)450mg、実施例1〜2によりそれぞれ得られた甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−5、H−6)各450mgを、PH4.8の緩衝液10mlおよびPH6.7の緩衝液10mlにそれぞれ溶解して試験管に入れて液の清澄性を評価した。
【0050】
対照として、参考例1で得られた甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)150mgとDE−8のデキストリン300mgを一緒にして上記緩衝液に溶解し、比較試験に供した(対照例3)。
【0051】
結果を表4に示す。
【0052】
【表4】
Figure 0003576594
【0053】
表4を参照すると、本発明により得られた試料は、PH4.8およびPH6.7のいずれの場合にも、濁りが少なく、清澄性が高い。特に、甘茶葉エキスにα−グルコシル転移酵素を作用させてなる実施例および実施例の試料では、清澄性が著しく高く、なかでも、バチルス ステアロサーモフィラス由来のα−グルコシル転移酵素を作用させてなる実施例に示す試料では、清澄性(酸性下での溶解性)が極めて良好であり、ほとんど濁りが見られなかった。
【0054】
【トリメチルアミン臭の脱臭試験】
0.175%トリメチルアミン水溶液50mlに参考例1で得られた甘茶葉エキス末(T−1)0.20gを添加し溶解させたもの(対照例4)、同じトリメチルアミン水溶液50mlに甘茶葉エキスの混合シクロデキストリン包接処理物(H−1)0.60gを添加し溶解させたもの、同じトリメチルアミン水溶液50mlに実施例で得られた甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−5)0.60gを添加し溶解させたもの、同じトリメチルアミン水溶液50mlに実施例で得られた甘茶葉エキスの酵素処理物(H−6)0.60gを添加し溶解させたものをそれぞれ調製し、室温(25℃)にて15分間放置した。
【0055】
対照(ブランク)として、同じトリメチルアミン水溶液50mlにDE−8のデキストリン0.40gを添加し溶解させたものを用意し(対照例5)、10名のパネラーでトリメチルアミン臭の脱臭効果を官能評価した。
【0056】
結果を表5および表6に示す。表中の数字は、人数を示す。
【0057】
【表5】
Figure 0003576594
【0058】
【表6】
Figure 0003576594
【0059】
甘茶葉エキス末にはトリメチルアミン臭の脱臭作用があるが、上記のようにして得られる参考例1に示すCD処理物(H−1)、実施例に示す酵素処理物(H−5)、および実施例に示す酵素処理物(H−6)においても、従来の未処理の甘茶葉エキス末とほぼ同様の脱臭効果が認められる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for removing bitterness and astringency of sweet tea leaf extract.
[0002]
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The sweet tea (Hydrangea macrophylla var. Thunbergii) is a deciduous shrub of the family Saxifragaceae, which grows and grows in various places such as Nagano Prefecture. The leaves are fermented to produce tea (sweet tea), which is used for drinking, and soy sauce. Is used for the manufacture of diabetes and the treatment of diabetes.
[0003]
The sweet tea leaf extract obtained by fermenting and extracting the sweet tea leaves or extracting the sweet tea leaves as they are without fermentation includes a sweetener precursor other than phyllodultin 8-glucoside and the sweet component phyllodulcin. In addition, it is expected that flavonoids such as kaempferol, quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, and other unidentified active ingredients will be present, and a combined effect can be expected if sweet tea leaf extract is ingested as it is.
[0004]
However, this sweet tea leaf extract has bitterness and astringency, and has poor solubility in acidic beverages, which is inconvenient for ingesting the whole amount as it is.
Therefore, instead of extracting specific components from the sweet tea leaf extract, a method for producing a sweet tea leaf extract that can be ingested as a whole, has little bitterness and astringency, and has excellent solubility in acidic beverages. The emergence of is desired.
[0005]
Note that the sweet tea leaf extract obtained by fermenting and extracting the sweet tea leaves contains phyllozurtine as a sweet component, and this phyllozurtine has a sweetness four times that of stevioside and 600 to 800 times that of sugar. It is said to have antiseptic and antibacterial effects.
[0006]
For this reason, attempts have been made to extract and utilize only the sweet component phyllodurtine from the sweet tea leaf extract.
(1) For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-190370 discloses a method of adsorbing a synthetic polymer having a giant net-like structure in the form of an aqueous solution or an aqueous organic solvent solution of a sweet tea (amacha) leaf extract containing phyllodultin. By bringing the extract into contact with the resin, the phyllodurtine in the extract is adsorbed on the resin, and the adsorbed resin that has adsorbed the phyllodultin is washed with an alkaline hydrophilic organic solvent or a mixture of the same and water, and then adsorbed by washing. The components to be desorbed from the resin are desorbed, and then the washed adsorption resin is brought into contact with a hydrophilic organic solvent or a mixture of the same and water to desorb phyllodurtine, and phyllodurtine is recovered from the solvent used for desorption. A method for purifying phyllodultin extracted from sweet tea leaves ”.
[0007]
According to this method, it is described that a pale yellow powder containing little hydrogenol or the like and having a high phyllodurtine content can be obtained from sweet tea leaves.
(2) JP-A-1-262772 describes "a method for producing a sweet tea extract characterized by extracting dried sweet tea leaves with supercritical carbon dioxide or liquefied carbon dioxide". According to this, it is said that an extracted extract containing almost no impurities such as sugars and amino acids other than phyllodultin can be obtained.
[0008]
By the way, it has also been proposed to use a sweet tea leaf extract obtained by fermenting sweet tea leaves or extracting it without fermentation as it is, as a deodorant, an external preparation for skin and the like.
(3) For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-114653 discloses that an extract obtained by extracting a leaf or petal organism or a dried product of a plant of the genus Baixia with a polar solvent such as water or ethanol as an active ingredient. A deodorant and a method for producing the same are described.
(4) JP-A-5-43445 is characterized in that an extract obtained by extracting water and / or an organic solvent (ethanol or the like) from amacha (sweet tea) is blended. An external preparation for skin which is weakly acidic and has an antibacterial action against bacteria on the skin is described.
[0009]
However, in any of the above publications (1) to (4), production of a sweet tea leaf extract having excellent solubility, almost eliminating bitterness and astringency, and allowing the whole sweet tea leaf extract to be easily orally ingested. The method is neither described nor suggested.
(5) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-26820 describes "A method for improving the sweetness of sweet tea characterized by using a combination of sweet tea and turmeric", and this method has no bitterness. It describes that a sweet tea having good sweetness can be obtained. However, its solubility in acidic beverages is low.
[0010]
[Object of the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the problems associated with the prior art as described above, in which the bitterness and astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract are removed, and a sweet tea leaf extract having good solubility in acidic beverages is obtained. It is intended to provide a method for producing such a sweet tea leaf extract.
[0011]
Summary of the Invention
The first method for removing the bitter and astringent taste of the sweet tea leaf extract according to the present invention comprises reacting the sweet tea leaf extract with cyclodextrin (CD), preferably γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), and including the extract in the extract. Saccharides and the like are included in cyclodextrin.
[0012]
The second method for removing the bitterness / astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract according to the present invention comprises the steps of: adding an α-glucosyltransferase , preferably a bacillus , to the sweet tea leaf extract in the presence of starch; Stearothermophilus-derived stearothermophilus alpha - glucosyltransferase allowed to act, is characterized in that α- glucosyl the glycosides contained in the in extract.
[0013]
According to the method for removing bitterness and astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract according to the present invention, an extract in which bitterness and astringency are eliminated can be obtained, and the ingestion of the extract becomes remarkably easy. Moreover, the obtained extract, particularly α-glucosylated sweet tea leaf extract, has excellent solubility stability in an acidic solution, and is suitable for use by adding to an acidic beverage.
[0014]
Further, the sweet tea leaf extract obtained by the present invention has a deodorizing effect on trimethylamine odor, ammonia odor, methyl mercaptan odor and the like, similarly to the conventional sweet tea leaf extract.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the method for removing the bitterness / astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract according to the present invention will be specifically described.
[0016]
In the present invention, the sweet tea leaf extract is treated to remove bitterness and astringency, but the sweet tea leaf extract is usually fermented by semi-drying and fermenting fresh leaves and branch tips of amacha belonging to the family Saxifragaceae. It is obtained by extracting the dried leaves as it is or crushing it into a powder and extracting with warm water, but extracting the fresh leaves and branches as they are, or drying and extracting the fresh leaves and branches without fermentation May be. Upon extraction, an organic solvent such as ethanol or acetone, or a water-containing organic solvent can be used.
[0017]
The thus-obtained sweet tea leaf extract can be used as it is. In some cases, the extract obtained by subjecting the extract to a treatment such as filtration, concentration, acid precipitation, decolorization, and desalting may be used. Further, in some cases, a sweet tea leaf extract prepared by obtaining a solid component from the extract as described above by freeze-drying or the like and dissolving the solid component in a solvent such as water can be used. Also, a sweet tea leaf extract obtained by mixing the above-mentioned sweet tea leaf extract with a medicinal herb extract containing other active ingredients can be used.
[0018]
The solid concentration in such a sweet tea leaf extract is preferably about 0.1 to 25% by weight.
In the first method for removing the bitter and astringent taste of the sweet tea leaf extract according to the present invention, cyclodextrin (CD) is allowed to act on the sweet tea leaf extract, and the glycosides and the like contained in the extract are included in the cyclodextrin. Let me. When the cyclodextrin is allowed to act on the sweet tea leaf extract, the mixture of the sweet tea leaf extract and the cyclodextrin is preferably stirred at a temperature of usually about 10 to 70 ° C. for about 3 to 300 minutes.
[0019]
Examples of the cyclodextrin used at this time include α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). These cyclodextrins may have a branch. Further, these cyclodextrins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use γ-cyclodextrin alone since the bitterness and astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract can be significantly reduced.
[0020]
It is preferable that such a cyclodextrin is added to the sweet tea leaf extract in an amount of 0.1 to 50 times, preferably 1 to 4 times the solid weight of the glycoside or the like contained in the sweet tea leaf extract. From another viewpoint, it is preferable that cyclodextrin is added to the extract in an amount of about 0.1 to 50% by weight.
[0021]
In the second method for removing bitterness / astringency of sweet tea leaf extract according to the present invention, α-glucosyltransferase is allowed to act on the above-mentioned sweet tea leaf extract in the presence of starch to be contained in the extract. Glycosides are α-glucosylated. In order to cause α-glucosyltransferase to act on the sweet tea leaf extract in the presence of starch, starch and α-glucosyltransferase are added to the extract, and the pH of the system is adjusted to 3 to 10, preferably pH 5.5 to 6.0. And the temperature of the system may be maintained at 20 to 90 ° C, preferably 55 to 70 ° C.
[0022]
The starch used in the present invention may be any substance as long as it is a substrate for α-glucosyltransferase, and specifically, not only amylose, amylopectin, starch, etc., but also starch liquefied product having a DE of about 1 to 50, Saccharified starch or the above-mentioned cyclodextrin can be used.
[0023]
Such starch is preferably added to the sweet tea leaf extract in an amount of 0.1 to 50 times, preferably 1 to 4 times, the solid weight of the glycoside and the like contained in the sweet tea leaf extract. From another viewpoint, the starch is preferably added to the extract in an amount of about 1 to 50% by weight.
[0024]
As the α-glucosyltransferase used in the present invention, any enzyme can be used as long as it is an enzyme capable of α-glucosylating glycosides contained in sweet tea leaf extract in the presence of starch. However, specifically, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase produced by bacteria such as Bacillus genus such as Bacillus macerans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Klebsiella genus such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc. Can be used.
[0025]
It is not always necessary to use such α-glucosyltransferase after purification, and a crude enzyme is usually sufficient.
The α-glucosyltransferase is preferably added to the sweet tea leaf extract to be treated in an amount of 100 to 50,000 units, preferably 1,000 to 2,000 units, per 100 g of the starchy substance added to the extract.
[0026]
When the sweet tea leaf extract is treated as described above, the bitterness and astringency of the extract are removed. This is presumably because the bitter and astringent components contained in the extract are α-glucosylated by the action of α-glucosyltransferase in the presence of starch to become α-glucosyl glycosides. .
[0027]
The thus treated sweet tea leaf extract from which the bitterness / astringency has been removed can be used for eating and drinking as it is, but it can also be usually used for eating and drinking after heating the extract to inactivate the enzyme. . In some cases, the extract may be concentrated or dried to be powdered before being provided for eating and drinking. Further, in some cases, the extract can be purified using a decolorizing agent, an ion exchange resin, an adsorption resin, or the like, and provided for eating and drinking.
[0028]
Moreover, the extract obtained by the first method or the second method, particularly preferably the second method, that is, the α-glucosyltransferase is allowed to act on the sweet tea leaf extract in the presence of starch to obtain the extract. The extract obtained by α-glucosylation of the glycosides contained therein is excellent not only in the neutral region but also in the dissolution stability in an acidic solution having a pH of about 2.5 to 5.0. It can also be used by adding it to beverages and the like. For example, α-glucosylated sweet tea leaf extract can be used by adding it in an amount of about 0.01 to 5.0 g per 100 ml of acidic beverage having a pH of about 3.0 to 4.0.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the removal method of the bitterness / astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract which concerns on this invention, the extract from which the bitterness / astringency was lost is obtained, and ingestion of this extract becomes remarkably easy. Moreover, the extract thus obtained is excellent in dissolution stability not only in a neutral region but also in an acidic region, and can be used by being added to acidic beverages and the like.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0031]
[ Reference Example 1 ]
(1) Preparation of sweet tea leaf extract powder After fermenting sweet tea leaves, dry and pulverized dry powder (so-called sweet tea powder) (1.0 kg) is added with 20 liters of hot water and boiled for 2 hours while sweetening. Tea leaf components were extracted. Next, diatomaceous earth was added to the obtained extract, followed by solid-liquid separation by vacuum filtration, and the filtrate (a) was separated.
[0032]
The same operation was repeated twice to obtain a total filtrate of 51 liters. [That is, the above-mentioned amount of hot water was added to the cake generated in the above-mentioned filtration step, the sweet tea leaf component was extracted again while boiling for the above-mentioned time, and diatomaceous earth was added to the obtained extract, followed by vacuum filtration. And the filtrate (b) was collected again. Further, the above-mentioned amount of hot water is added to the cake obtained in this filtration step, and the sweet tea component is extracted while boiling for the above-mentioned time. Then, diatomaceous earth is added to the obtained extract, and the cake is solidified by vacuum filtration. The liquid was separated and the filtrate (c) was collected again. Then, a total of 51 liters of these filtrates (a), (b) and (c) were obtained. ]
The 51 liter filtrate thus obtained was adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N NaOH, concentrated, lyophilized and then crushed to obtain 281 g of sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1). Was.
(2) Preparation of cyclodextrin inclusion product of sweet tea leaf extract 50.0 g of this sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1) was dissolved in 225 ml of water, and cyclodextrin [(α-, β-, γ) was dissolved. -Mixture of cyclodextrin): 100.0 g of trade name “Dexipearl K-100”, manufactured by Shiozu Minato Refinery Co., Ltd.], stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours, freeze-dried and pulverized. Then, 145.0 g of a sweet tea leaf extract cyclodextrin inclusion product (H-1) was obtained.
[0033]
[ Reference Examples 2 to 4 , Comparative Examples 1 and 2]
To 100 ml of a 1.5% aqueous solution of the sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1) obtained in Reference Example 1 , 3.0 g of α-cyclodextrin was added and dissolved, and the α-cyclodextrin inclusion product of the sweet tea leaf extract was dissolved. (Solution) was prepared ( Reference Example 2 ).
[0034]
In the same manner, a β-cyclodextrin inclusion treatment of a sweet tea leaf extract ( Reference Example 3 ) and a γ-cyclodextrin inclusion treatment of a sweet tea leaf extract ( Reference Example 4 ) were prepared.
[0035]
On the other hand, a control solution (T) prepared by adding and dissolving 3.0 g of dextrin of DE-8 to 100 ml of a 1.5% aqueous solution of the sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1) obtained in Reference Example 1 (Control Example 1). -2, Control Example 2) were prepared, and evaluated by five panelists on a 5-point scale based on the evaluation scale shown in Table 1.
[0036]
Table 2 shows the results. In addition, evaluation shows the average value of 15 panelists.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003576594
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003576594
[0039]
According to Table 2, as shown in Reference Example 1 , the α-, β-, and γ-mixed cyclodextrin-treated products of the sweet tea leaf extract were treated with α-cyclodextrin ( Reference Example 2 ) and β-cyclodextrin. Product ( Reference Example 3 ) or γ-cyclodextrin-treated product ( Reference Example 4 ), the sweetness is significantly improved, and the bitterness and astringency are reduced.
[0040]
The α-cyclodextrin-treated product of the sweet tea leaf extract shown in Reference Example 2 shows no change in sweetness compared to the untreated product of the sweet tea leaf extract (dextrin compound) shown in Control Example 2; The astringency was slightly improved as compared to the untreated control.
[0041]
The β-cyclodextrin-treated sweet tea leaf extract has improved bitterness and astringency as compared with the untreated sweet tea leaf extract shown in Comparative Example 2.
The γ-cyclodextrin-treated product of the sweet tea leaf extract almost completely loses its sweetness due to the addition of γ-cyclodextrin up to the above amount, and has a bitterness / astringency compared to the untreated sweet tea leaf extract shown in Comparative Example 2. Is significantly reduced.
[0042]
[Example 1 ]
After dissolving 50.0 g of the sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1) obtained in Reference Example 1 and 100.0 g of dextrin of DE-8 in 225 ml of water and adjusting the pH to 6.0 with 2N NaOH, the Bacillus was used. 1500 units of α-glucosyltransferase derived from Macerans (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) were added, and the α-glucosylation reaction of the sweet tea leaf extract was performed at a temperature of 55 ° C. for 40 hours. Next, the obtained reaction product was heated to 95 ° C. to inactivate the enzyme, and then freeze-dried and pulverized to obtain 145.0 g of an enzyme-treated product of sweet tea leaf extract (H-5).
[0043]
[Example 2 ]
In Example 1, with Bacillus stearothermophilus-derived α- glucosyltransferase [Corporation manufactured by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories] instead of Bacillus macerans, except that the mixture was reacted at 68 ° C., as in Example 1 Similarly, an enzyme-treated product of sweet tea leaf extract (H-6) was obtained.
[0044]
[Evaluation of taste]
Powder hydrangea tea leaf extract obtained in Reference Example 1 (T-1) 1.5% aqueous solution of (Control Example 1), mixed cyclodextrin treatment of hydrangea tea leaf extract obtained in Reference Example 1 (H-1) And a 4.5% aqueous solution of the sweetened tea leaf extract obtained in Example 1 (H-5), and a 4.5% aqueous solution of the sweetened tea leaf extract obtained in Example 2 (H-5) A 4.5% aqueous solution of H-6) was prepared, and the degree of sweetness, bitterness, and astringency was evaluated by five panelists on a 5-point scale based on the evaluation scale shown in Table 1.
[0045]
Table 3 shows the results. The numbers in Table 3 show the evaluation average values of 15 panelists.
[0046]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003576594
[0047]
The mixed cyclodextrin-treated product of the sweet tea leaf extract obtained as described above ( Reference Example 1 : H-1) and the enzyme-treated product of the sweet tea leaf extract (Examples 1 and 2 ) are untreated sweet tea leaves. The bitterness and astringency are reduced as compared with the extract (T-1). In particular, the enzymatically treated sweet tea leaf extract (Examples 1 and 2 ) has a remarkable effect of reducing bitterness and astringency.
[0048]
In addition, the untreated sweet tea leaf extract has a strong bitterness and astringency, making it difficult to feel sweetness. However, the sweet tea leaf extract obtained as described above is treated with cyclodextrin ( Reference Example 1 : H-1). In addition, in the enzyme-treated product of the sweet tea leaf extract (Examples 1 and 2 ), the degree of sweetness is significantly improved with a decrease in bitterness and astringency.
[0049]
[Solubility comparison test in acidic solution]
450 mg of cyclodextrin inclusion product (H-1) of the sweet tea leaf extract obtained in Reference Example 1 , and enzyme treated products (H-5, H-6) of the sweet tea leaf extract obtained in Examples 1 and 2 , respectively. 450 mg of each was dissolved in 10 ml of a pH 4.8 buffer solution and 10 ml of a PH 6.7 buffer solution and placed in a test tube to evaluate the clarity of the solution.
[0050]
As a control, 150 mg of the sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1) obtained in Reference Example 1 and 300 mg of DE-8 dextrin were combined, dissolved in the above buffer, and subjected to a comparative test (Control Example 3).
[0051]
Table 4 shows the results.
[0052]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003576594
[0053]
Referring to Table 4, the samples obtained according to the present invention have low turbidity and high clarity in both cases of PH4.8 and PH6.7. In particular, the samples of Examples 1 and 2 in which the α-glucosyltransferase was allowed to act on the sweet tea leaf extract had remarkably high clarity, and in particular, α-glucosyltransferase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus was used. The sample shown in Example 2 which had been acted on had extremely good clarity (solubility under acidic conditions) and almost no turbidity was observed.
[0054]
[Deodorization test for trimethylamine odor]
0.20 g of the sweet tea leaf extract powder (T-1) obtained in Reference Example 1 was added to and dissolved in 50 ml of a 0.175% aqueous solution of trimethylamine (Comparative Example 4). 0.60 g of cyclodextrin inclusion product (H-1) was added and dissolved, and 0.60 g of the enzyme-treated product of sweet tea leaf extract (H-5) obtained in Example 1 was added to 50 ml of the same aqueous solution of trimethylamine. Addition and dissolution, and addition and dissolution of 0.60 g of the enzyme-treated product (H-6) of the sweet tea leaf extract obtained in Example 2 in 50 ml of the same aqueous solution of trimethylamine were prepared. ) For 15 minutes.
[0055]
As a control (blank), 0.40 g of DE-8 dextrin was added and dissolved in 50 ml of the same aqueous solution of trimethylamine (Control Example 5), and the panelists of 10 panelists evaluated the deodorizing effect of trimethylamine odor by sensory evaluation.
[0056]
The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6. The numbers in the table indicate the number of people.
[0057]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003576594
[0058]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003576594
[0059]
Although the sweet tea leaf extract powder has a deodorizing effect of trimethylamine odor, the CD-treated product (H-1) shown in Reference Example 1 obtained as described above, the enzyme-treated product (H-5) shown in Example 1 , Also, in the enzyme-treated product (H-6) shown in Example 2 , almost the same deodorizing effect as the conventional untreated sweet tea leaf extract powder is observed.

Claims (3)

甘茶葉エキスに、澱粉質の存在下でα−グルコシル転移酵素を作用させ、該エキス中に含まれる配糖体類をα−グルコシル化することを特徴とする甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味除去方法。Α-glucosyltransferase is allowed to act on sweet tea leaf extract in the presence of starch to α-glucosylate glycosides contained in the extract, thereby removing bitterness and astringency of the sweet tea leaf extract. Method. 上記α−グルコシル化転移酵素が、バチルス ステアロサーモフィラス由来のα−グルコシル転移酵素である請求項1に記載の甘茶葉エキスの苦味・渋味除去方法。2. The method for removing bitter and astringent sweet tea leaf extracts according to claim 1, wherein the α-glucosyltransferase is an α-glucosyltransferase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus. 請求項1または2に記載の方法により得られた苦味・渋味の除去された甘茶葉エキスを含有することを特徴とする酸性飲料。An acidic beverage comprising a sweet tea leaf extract obtained by the method according to claim 1 or 2, from which bitterness and astringency have been removed.
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JP3579496B2 (en) * 1995-05-10 2004-10-20 三井農林株式会社 Tea extract or tea beverage with reduced astringency and method for producing the same
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