JP3575962B2 - Tappet - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3575962B2
JP3575962B2 JP25704697A JP25704697A JP3575962B2 JP 3575962 B2 JP3575962 B2 JP 3575962B2 JP 25704697 A JP25704697 A JP 25704697A JP 25704697 A JP25704697 A JP 25704697A JP 3575962 B2 JP3575962 B2 JP 3575962B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tappet
ceramic plate
diameter
cam
outer peripheral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP25704697A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH1193625A (en
Inventor
聡 前田
雅人 谷口
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UD Trucks Corp
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Original Assignee
UD Trucks Corp
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UD Trucks Corp, NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical UD Trucks Corp
Priority to JP25704697A priority Critical patent/JP3575962B2/en
Publication of JPH1193625A publication Critical patent/JPH1193625A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3575962B2 publication Critical patent/JP3575962B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明はエンジンの動弁機構に用いられるタペットの改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
エンジンの動弁機構において、タペットはカムの回転をバルブを開閉する往復動に変換するものであり、カムあたり面に大きな荷重が作用する。そのため、カムとの接触を同じ部分で続けていると、摩耗が早く進むことから、作動中常にカムとの接触面を変える(つまり、局部あたりを防止する)よう、テーパカムとして及びカムとタペットの中心のオフセットを組み合わせにより、タペットを回転させるようになっている。このようなタペットとして、高い耐摩耗性を確保するため、カムあたり面をセラミック板(セラミックチップと称する)で形成したものがある(特開平6ー33708号公報,特開平7ー208119号公報,特開平7ー127404号公報,特開平4ー2672号公報)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
タペット本体は金属材料で形成され、その端面にセラミックチップはろう付けにより接合される。ろう付けには銀や銅などが使用されるが、ろう付け強度のバラツキによってはセラミックチップが剥離してしまうことがある。これはろう付け時において、金属の凝固中にできるブローホールが原因と考えられる。ブローホールはろう付け金属の最外周部に大きなものが発生するため、カムとの摺動軌跡がセラミック板の外周部に掛かると、その荷重に基づく内部応力により、ブローホールを起点にして疲労破壊(疲労剥離)が進行するのである。
【0004】
この発明はこのような問題点を解決することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第1の発明では、タペット本体1にろう付けのセラミック板2によりカム当たり面Aを形成するタペットにおいて、セラミック板2の表面の外周縁にC面取り部3を除くセラミック板の表面をカム当たり面Aの有効範囲とするその直径Dに対し、カム摺動軌跡をタペットの中心と結ぶ距離の最大値を半径とする円の直径dを、D/d>1の関係に設定する一方、C面取り部3は、タペット本体1にセラミック板2を接合するろう付け金属4のブローホールが発生しやすい領域として特定される外周部の幅と略同一の幅に設定する。
【0006】
第2の発明では、タペット本体1にろう付けのセラミック板2によりカム当たり面Aを形成するタペットにおいて、セラミック板2の表面の外周縁にC面取り部3を除くセラミック板の表面をカム当たり面Aの有効範囲とするその直径Dに対し、ヘルツの接触楕円の最外周点をタペットの中心と結ぶ距離を半径とする円の直径dを、D/d>1の関係に設定する一方、C面取り部3は、タペット本体1にセラミック板2を接合するろう付け金属4のブローホールが発生しやすい領域として特定される外周部の幅と略同一の幅に設定する。
【0007】
第3の発明では、第1の発明または第2の発明における、直径Dと直径dとの関係D/d>1は、単位をmmとしてD=d+(1〜3)に設定する。
【0008】
【発明の効果】
第1の発明または第2の発明においては、カム摺動軌跡がセラミック板の最外周部に掛からないため、ろう付け金属の外周部への荷重入力が減少する。したがって、最外周部に発生しやすいろう付け金属の大きなブローホール、または最外周部近辺に存在する比較的小さいブローホールに原因する疲労破壊(疲労剥離)を防止することができる。
【0009】
第2の発明では、直径dが計算により、正確に求められる。
【0010】
第3の発明では、直径Dと直径dとの間に1〜3mmの余裕代を与えることにより、タペットの使用環境が諸種に異なっても、ろう付け金属の耐剥離性を十分に確保できる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1〜図3は傘型のタペットを表す。タペット本体1は金属材料で形成され、傘部11端面にカムあたり面Aを形成するセラミック板2(セラミックチップ)がろう付けされる。セラミック板2の表面はその外周縁にC面取り部3(傾斜するカット面を形成する)が施される。C面取り部3の幅は、タペット本体1にセラミック板2を接合するろう付け金属4の外周部(大きなブローホールが発生する領域)の幅と略同一に設定される。
【0012】
ここで、C面取り部3を除くセラミック板2の表面をカムあたり面Aの有効範囲としてその直径をDと定義する。また、カムあたり面Aにおけるカム摺動軌跡Bは、図4のようにカムシャフトと直交する方向の両側にヘルツの接触楕円を備える。この接触楕円の大きさは、公知の応用算出式から求められる。
【0013】
タペットがカム(図示せず)との摺動に伴って回転すると、カム摺動軌跡Bはタペットの中心Pを結ぶ距離を半径とする円形を描くのであり、その円の最大直径をdと定義する。そして、カムあたり面Aの有効範囲の直径Dと、カム摺動軌跡Bが描く円の直径dと、はD/d(接触率)>1の関係に設定される。
【0014】
カムの摺動に伴うタペット10の回転を生じさせるため、カムあたり面Aにクラウニングと呼ばれる曲率半径が与えられ、カム中心とタペットの中心Pとの間にオフセット量が設定される。つまり、カムとの接触部は点接触であり、図4においては、カムとして横から見ると傾斜するテーパカム(傾斜のないフラットカムでも可)が使用される。
【0015】
このようにカムあたり面Aとカム摺動範囲Bとの関係をD/d>1に設定することにより、カム摺動軌跡Bはセラミック板2の最外周部に掛からない。すなわち、カムとタペットとのエッジ当たり、あるいは最外周付近の当たりが避けられるため、傘部11の変形による内部応力も低減され、ろう付け金属4のブローホールに原因する疲労破壊,疲労剥離の発生を有効に防止できる。
【0016】
D/d≦1の場合、ろう付け金属4の外周部を研磨で削り落とすことが必要になり、その切削量は図5において、セラミック板2とタペット本体1との接合面側で互いの外周部に形成したC面取り部5a,5bの幅以上(セラミック板のずれ分を加味する)とされるが、これに較べるとこの発明では、接触比(D/d)を所定の関係に設定するのみで済むため、実施も容易かつ安価に行える。
【0017】
カムあたり面Aの有効範囲の直径Dと、カム摺動軌跡Bが描く円の直径dと、の関係D/d>1は、D=d+(1〜3)に限定される。使用環境が諸種に異なることを考慮しても、直径Dと直径dとの間に1〜3mmの余裕代を与えることにより、セラミック板2の耐剥離性を十分に確保できる。
【0018】
図6はカップ型のタペットを表す。1はタペット本体、2はセラミック板であり、これらの剥離を防止するため、カムあたり面Aの有効範囲の直径Dと、カム摺動軌跡Bが描く円の直径dと、はD/d(接触率)>1の関係に設定される(図4参照)。
【0019】
【実施例】
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0003575962
【0021】
なお、機種の2例はいずれも、トラックなど大型車両に搭載されるディーゼルエンジンである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施形態を表す傘型タペットの正面図と平面図である。
【図2】同じくA部の拡大図である。
【図3】同じくタペットの斜視図である。
【図4】同じくカム摺動軌跡の説明図である。
【図5】同じくタペットの一部断面図である。
【図6】カップ型タペットの正面図と平面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 タペット本体
2 セラミッ板
4 ろう付け金属
A カムあたり面
B カム摺動軌跡
P タペット中心[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in a tappet used for a valve train of an engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a valve mechanism of an engine, a tappet converts the rotation of a cam into a reciprocating motion for opening and closing a valve, and a large load acts on a surface of the cam. Therefore, if the contact with the cam is continued in the same part, the wear proceeds rapidly, so that the contact surface with the cam is always changed during operation (that is, to prevent local contact). The tappet is rotated by combining the center offsets. As such a tappet, in order to ensure high abrasion resistance, a cam contact surface is formed of a ceramic plate (referred to as a ceramic chip) (JP-A-6-33708, JP-A-7-208119, JP-A-7-127404 and JP-A-4-2672.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The tappet body is formed of a metal material, and the ceramic chip is joined to the end face by brazing. Silver or copper is used for brazing, but the ceramic chip may peel off depending on the variation in brazing strength. This is considered to be due to blowholes formed during solidification of the metal during brazing. Since a large blowhole is formed at the outermost periphery of the brazing metal, if the sliding trajectory with the cam is applied to the outer periphery of the ceramic plate, the internal stress based on the load will cause the fatigue fracture from the blowhole as a starting point. (Fatigue peeling) proceeds.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the first invention, in a tappet in which a cam contact surface A is formed by a ceramic plate 2 brazed to a tappet main body 1, the surface of the ceramic plate except for a C chamfered portion 3 is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the surface of the ceramic plate 2 by a cam contact surface. For the diameter D that is the effective range of A, the diameter d of a circle whose radius is the maximum value of the distance connecting the cam sliding trajectory to the center of the tappet is set in a relationship of D / d> 1, while the C chamfering is performed. The width of the portion 3 is set to be substantially the same as the width of the outer peripheral portion of the brazing metal 4 that joins the ceramic plate 2 to the tappet body 1, which is specified as a region where blow holes are likely to occur .
[0006]
According to the second invention, in the tappet in which the cam contact surface A is formed by the ceramic plate 2 brazed to the tappet main body 1, the surface of the ceramic plate except for the C chamfered portion 3 is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the surface of the ceramic plate 2 by the cam contact surface. For the diameter D, which is the effective range of A, the diameter d of a circle whose radius is the distance connecting the outermost point of the contact ellipse of Hertz to the center of the tappet is set in a relationship of D / d> 1, while C is set. The width of the chamfered portion 3 is set to be substantially the same as the width of the outer peripheral portion specified as a region where blowholes of the brazing metal 4 for joining the ceramic plate 2 to the tappet main body 1 are likely to occur .
[0007]
In the third invention, the relationship D / d> 1 between the diameter D and the diameter d in the first invention or the second invention is set to D = d + (1-3) with a unit of mm.
[0008]
【The invention's effect】
In the first invention or the second invention, since the cam sliding locus does not extend to the outermost peripheral portion of the ceramic plate, the load input to the outer peripheral portion of the brazing metal is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent fatigue breakage (fatigue delamination) caused by a large blowhole of brazing metal, which is likely to be generated at the outermost periphery, or a relatively small blowhole near the outermost periphery.
[0009]
In the second invention, the diameter d is accurately obtained by calculation.
[0010]
In the third aspect of the present invention, by providing a margin of 1 to 3 mm between the diameter D and the diameter d, the peeling resistance of the brazing metal can be sufficiently ensured even when the tappet is used in various environments.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1 to 3 show an umbrella-shaped tappet. The tappet body 1 is formed of a metal material, and a ceramic plate 2 (ceramic chip) forming a surface A per cam is brazed to the end surface of the umbrella portion 11. The surface of the ceramic plate 2 is provided with a C-chamfered portion 3 (forming an inclined cut surface) on its outer peripheral edge. The width of the C-chamfered portion 3 is set to be substantially the same as the width of the outer peripheral portion (the region where a large blow hole is generated) of the brazing metal 4 joining the ceramic plate 2 to the tappet body 1.
[0012]
Here, the diameter of the surface of the ceramic plate 2 excluding the C chamfered portion 3 is defined as D, which is the effective range of the surface A per cam. The cam sliding locus B on the cam contact surface A has Hertzian contact ellipses on both sides in a direction orthogonal to the camshaft as shown in FIG. The size of the contact ellipse is obtained from a known applied calculation formula.
[0013]
When the tappet rotates with the sliding of a cam (not shown), the cam sliding locus B draws a circle having a radius equal to the distance connecting the center P of the tappet, and the maximum diameter of the circle is defined as d. I do. The diameter D of the effective area of the surface A per cam and the diameter d of the circle drawn by the cam sliding locus B are set in a relationship of D / d (contact ratio)> 1.
[0014]
In order to cause the rotation of the tappet 10 due to the sliding of the cam, a radius of curvature called crowning is given to the surface A per cam, and an offset amount is set between the center of the cam and the center P of the tappet. That is, the contact portion with the cam is a point contact, and in FIG. 4, a tapered cam (a flat cam having no inclination is also acceptable) is used as the cam.
[0015]
By setting the relationship between the cam contact surface A and the cam sliding range B to D / d> 1, the cam sliding locus B does not reach the outermost peripheral portion of the ceramic plate 2. That is, since the contact between the cam and the tappet or the contact near the outermost periphery is avoided, the internal stress due to the deformation of the umbrella portion 11 is reduced, and the fatigue fracture and the fatigue peeling caused by the blow hole of the brazing metal 4 are generated. Can be effectively prevented.
[0016]
In the case of D / d ≦ 1, it is necessary to grind off the outer peripheral portion of the brazing metal 4, and the amount of cutting is shown in FIG. The contact ratio (D / d) is set to a predetermined relationship in the present invention in comparison with the width of the C-chamfered portions 5a and 5b formed in the portion (taking into account the displacement of the ceramic plate). Since it suffices only to implement, it can be implemented easily and inexpensively.
[0017]
The relationship D / d> 1 between the diameter D of the effective range of the surface A per cam and the diameter d of the circle drawn by the cam sliding locus B is limited to D = d + (1-3). Even when considering that the use environment differs in various types, by giving a margin of 1 to 3 mm between the diameter D and the diameter d, the peeling resistance of the ceramic plate 2 can be sufficiently ensured.
[0018]
FIG. 6 shows a cup-shaped tappet. 1 is a tappet main body, 2 is a ceramic plate, and in order to prevent the separation, the diameter D of the effective area of the surface A per cam and the diameter d of the circle drawn by the cam sliding locus B are D / d ( (Contact rate)> 1 (see FIG. 4).
[0019]
【Example】
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003575962
[0021]
Each of the two examples is a diesel engine mounted on a large vehicle such as a truck.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view and a plan view of an umbrella type tappet representing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the tappet.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a cam sliding locus.
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of the tappet.
FIG. 6 is a front view and a plan view of a cup type tappet.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 tappet body 2 ceramic plate 4 brazing metal A surface per cam B cam sliding locus P tappet center

Claims (3)

タペット本体1にろう付けのセラミック板2によりカム当たり面Aを形成するタペットにおいて、セラミック板2の表面の外周縁に施されるC面取り部3を除くセラミック板の表面をカム当たり面Aの有効範囲とするその直径Dに対し、カム摺動軌跡をタペットの中心と結ぶ距離の最大値を半径とする円の直径dを、D/d>1の関係に設定する一方、C面取り部3は、タペット本体1にセラミック板2を接合するろう付け金属4のブローホールが発生しやすい領域として特定される外周部の幅と略同一の幅に設定したことを特徴とするタペット。In the tappet in which the cam contact surface A is formed by the ceramic plate 2 brazed to the tappet main body 1, the surface of the ceramic plate except the C chamfered portion 3 applied to the outer peripheral edge of the surface of the ceramic plate 2 is used as the effective surface of the cam contact surface A. With respect to the diameter D as the range, the diameter d of a circle having a radius equal to the maximum value of the distance connecting the cam sliding locus with the center of the tappet is set in a relationship of D / d> 1, while the C chamfered portion 3 A tappet having a width substantially equal to a width of an outer peripheral portion of the brazing metal 4 for joining the ceramic plate 2 to the tappet body 1, which is specified as a region where blowholes are likely to occur . タペット本体1にろう付けのセラミック板2によりカム当たり面Aを形成するタペットにおいて、セラミック板2の表面の外周縁に施されるC面取り部3を除くセラミック板の表面をカム当たり面Aの有効範囲とするその直径Dに対し、ヘルツの接触楕円の最外周点をタペットの中心と結ぶ距離を半径とする円の直径dを、D/d>1の関係に設定する一方、C面取り部3は、タペット本体1にセラミック板2を接合するろう付け金属4のブローホールが発生しやすい領域として特定される外周部の幅と略同一の幅に設定したことを特徴とするタペット。In the tappet in which the cam contact surface A is formed by the ceramic plate 2 brazed to the tappet main body 1, the surface of the ceramic plate except the C chamfered portion 3 applied to the outer peripheral edge of the surface of the ceramic plate 2 is used as the effective surface of the cam contact surface A. With respect to the diameter D as the range, the diameter d of the circle having the radius connecting the outermost point of the Hertzian contact ellipse to the center of the tappet is set in a relationship of D / d> 1, while the C chamfered portion 3 is set. Is a tappet having a width substantially equal to a width of an outer peripheral portion of the brazing metal 4 joining the ceramic plate 2 to the tappet body 1, which is specified as a region where blowholes are likely to occur . 直径Dと直径dとの関係D/d>1は、単位mmとしてD=d+(1〜3)に設定したことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のタペット。3. The tappet according to claim 1, wherein the relation D / d> 1 between the diameter D and the diameter d is set to D = d + (1 to 3) as a unit mm. 4.
JP25704697A 1997-09-22 1997-09-22 Tappet Expired - Fee Related JP3575962B2 (en)

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JP3575962B2 true JP3575962B2 (en) 2004-10-13

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MY141693A (en) * 1999-06-07 2010-06-15 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Internal combustion engine

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