JP3575634B2 - Work machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an improvement in a working machine which is steered by a handle operation of a walking worker.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The work machine, which is equipped with one or two front and rear wheels on the body and is operated by the handle operation of a walking worker, includes a mowing machine for mowing ridges, and a single-handed transport for transporting earth and sand. There are various types such as cars (commonly called "cat cars").
For example, as a measure to reduce the labor of rice cultivation, attempts have been made to replace the mowing of ridges with human power instead of human power, as described in, for example, (1) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-276825, entitled "Mowing Machine, Angle Adjuster and Swing Control. And a mowing machine proposed by the present applicant in (2) Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 5-9228.
[0003]
According to FIGS. 1 and 3 of the publication, the above (1) is a mower in which a cutter base 2 is mounted on a frame F, and a variable cutter base 3 is hingedly connected to the cutter base 2. A rotary blade 43 for cutting the upper surface of the ridge is housed in the base 2, and a rotary blade 43a for cutting the slope of the ridge is housed in the variable cutter base 3. The front and rear two wheels (the rear running wheel 10 and the front wheel Part of the guide wheels 21). The guide wheels 21 are mounted on the cutter base 2.
[0004]
According to FIG. 2 of the official gazette, FIG. 2 shows a mower in which a fixed housing 21 is attached to the support frame 7 and a swing housing 25 is hinged to the fixed housing 21. The main rotary blade 31 for cutting the upper surface is housed, and the auxiliary rotary blade 35 for cutting the slope of the ridge is housed in the swing housing 25. The front and rear two wheels (the rear wheel 3 and the front steered wheel 9) are used. Prepare. The steered wheels 9 are steered by a steering operation lever 15.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above (1), although the rear traveling wheel 10 and the front guide wheel 21 are both rotatably mounted on the body 1 side, they are not configured to be steerable. For example, when there are irregularities on the upper surface of the ridge, there is a case where the ridge runs naturally. At this time, generally, the walking worker corrects the direction while lifting the handle 12 and lifting the traveling wheel 10 (rear wheel).
However, since a heavy object (such as an engine) is mounted on the body 1, the labor required for lifting is large, and the burden on the walking worker increases.
In the above (2), it is conceivable that the steered wheels 9 are steered by operating the steered operation levers 15. However, if the steered operation levers 15 are further operated while the steering wheel 5 is operated, the burden on the walking worker is increased. Is not few.
An object of the present invention is to make it easy to correct the direction of a work machine and to make it easier to steer.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a work machine, which is provided with one wheel or two front and rear wheels on a body thereof and is operated by a handle operation of a walking worker, when the body is tilted in the left-right direction, one wheel or A steering mechanism is provided to steer the front wheels in a direction in which the body is inclined.
[0007]
In addition, the steering mechanism has an upper part swingably attached to the fuselage and extends rearward and downward, and a pivot shaft that supports the axle at a lower part and a front part that is attached to the middle of the pivot axis in the height direction and extends rearward. And a bush shaft that has an upper portion fixed to the body, extends downward, and supports a rear portion of the elongated member via an elastic bush at a lower portion.
[0008]
Further, the working machine comprises a first housing and a second cutter housing in which a cutter housing is mounted on a body frame having two wheels, a front wheel and a rear wheel, and the cutter housing is hinged to each other. A mowing machine of a type in which the upper surface of the ridge is cut with a plane blade and the slope of the ridge is cut with a slope blade in the second housing, wherein a front wheel is steered by the steering mechanism.
[0009]
[Action]
When the walking worker notices the skew of the work machine, he or she tilts the machine body to the right or left via the handle, and turns the work machine right or left to correct the traveling direction.
[0010]
When the body is tilted right or left, the lower portion of the bush shaft swings in the opposite direction to swing the rear portion of the elongated member. Therefore, the wheels turn in the same direction, with the wheels facing the direction in which the body is inclined.
[0011]
When the vehicle is tilted to the right or left, the front wheels are oriented in the same direction, thereby preventing the mower from trying to advance to the slope side of the ridge due to the overhang load of the second housing. For this reason, the mower can easily travel straight.
[0012]
【Example】
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings should be viewed in the direction of reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a working machine (mower) according to the present invention. A mowing machine 1 as a working machine has a front wheel 3 (see FIG. 2) at a front portion of a pipe-shaped body frame (machine body) 2 and a rear portion. The rear wheel 4 is provided, and a larger-diameter mounting pipe 5 is fitted and fixed to the vehicle body frame 2, the engine 6 is mounted on the mounting pipe 5 and the cutter housing 7 is suspended, and the inside of the cutter housing 7 is The plane blade 10 and the slope blade 11 are arranged in front and rear and left and right (all viewed from the operator).
The cutter housing 7 connects a first housing 14 as a fixed-side housing and a second housing 15 as a swing-side housing at hinges 12 and 12. Reference numeral 13 denotes a swing axis passing through the hinges 12. Reference numeral 16 denotes an auxiliary wheel, which defines the height of the second housing 15.
[0013]
The engine 6 has an output shaft 6a directed downward, drives the rear wheel 4 via transmission means (not shown) (for example, a universal shaft, a sprocket, a chain, etc.), and the flat blade 10 and the inclined surface via pulleys and belts. The drive system rotates the blade 11, which will be described later.
In this embodiment, the body frame 2 and the mounting pipe 5 are fixed, but the mounting pipe 5 may be made to be able to swing to some extent, so that the first housing 14 may also be able to swing to some extent. Further, the cutter housing 7 only needs to be configured to be attached to the vehicle body frame 2, and is not limited to the configuration in which the cutter housing 7 is suspended, and may be, for example, mounted.
[0014]
FIG. 2 is a side view (main part) of a working machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention, in which a front wheel 3 is rotatably mounted on a front frame 17 by an axle 18, and the front frame 17 is connected to a vehicle body via a steering mechanism 50. It is attached to the front of the frame 2.
The handle 22 is swingably attached to the rear portion of the vehicle body frame 2, and has a mechanism capable of changing the mounting angle by replacing the insertion pin 23. Reference numeral 24 denotes a plurality of pins (the same applies hereinafter). Pin holes are provided, and reference numerals 25 and 26 represent plates.
[0015]
FIG. 3 is a side view of the steering mechanism according to the present invention. The steering mechanism 50 steers the front wheels 3 in the direction in which the body frame 2 is inclined when the body frame 2 is inclined in the left-right direction. is there.
Specifically, the steering mechanism 50 is fixed to the front part of the body frame 2 by pins 51, 51, and a base 52 extending in the front-rear direction of the mower 1 and an upper part is fixed to the front part of the base 52. And a pivot receiving portion 54 having an elastic bearing 53 at a lower rear end thereof and an upper portion (upper end upper end) 55a capable of swinging by the elastic bearing 53 (swinging from the swing base point P as a starting point). And a pivot shaft 55 that is rotatably mounted, extends rearward and downward, and supports the axle 18 at the lower portion 55b, and a front portion is mounted midway in the height direction of the pivot shaft 55 (below the pivot point P). A bush shaft 59 which is fixed to the rear part of the base 52 and which extends downward, and which supports the rear part of the longitudinal member 56 via upper and lower elastic bushes 57 and 58 at the lower part. Consists of
[0016]
The axle 18 is disposed behind the elastic bearing 53.
The elastic bearing 53 has a cylindrical shape with a bottom, and the upper and lower elastic bushes 57 and 58 have a cylindrical shape. The elastic bearing 53 and the upper and lower elastic bushes 57 and 58 are made of an elastic material such as rubber. That is, when the body frame 2 is tilted, resistance against the tilt is given by its own elastic force.
A flat supporting plate 61 is fixed substantially horizontally to the rear of the longitudinal member 56, and a through hole 61 a vertically penetrating the supporting plate 61 is formed.
The bush shaft 59 is fixed to the base 52 by press-fitting into a mounting seat 63 below the base 52, and has a threaded portion at the lower end. The upper elastic bush 57, the through hole 61 a, the lower elastic bush 58, and the washer 64 are inserted into the bush shaft 59, and the nut 65 is screwed, so that the rear portion of the longitudinal member 56 is sandwiched between the upper and lower elastic bushes 57, 58. Attached to the bush shaft 59.
The combination structure of the pivot shaft 55 and the longitudinal member 56 forms the front frame 17. Reference numeral 66 denotes a reinforcing member for reinforcing the front frame 17.
[0017]
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the steering mechanism according to the present invention, in which the pivot shaft 55 has a fork shape sandwiching the front wheel 3. Therefore, the pivot upper end 55 a and the through hole 61 a are located at the center in the width direction of the front frame 17. Be placed. Further, the elastic bearing 53 and the bush shaft 59 are arranged at the axis of the body frame 2 as shown in FIG. In addition, the base 52 is made of a channel material that is open upward.
[0018]
FIG. 5 is a front sectional view of a working machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention, in which a mounting pipe 5 is mounted on a vehicle body frame 2, and an engine 6 is mounted on the mounting pipe 5 via a mounting plate 27. The first housing 14 is suspended from the mounting tube 5 via hanger brackets 28 and 29, and the second housing 15 is connected to the first housing 14 via the hinges 12 and 12.
[0019]
In this embodiment, a first belt 31 and a second belt 32, which are main elements of the belt transmission mechanism 30, are stretched in two stages, and the first belt 31 drives the flat blade 10, and the second belt 32 slopes. The blade 11 is driven. The belt transmission mechanism 30 is a mechanism for transmitting the output of the engine 6 to the flat blade 10 and the inclined blade 11, and includes belts 31, 32 and pulleys described below.
In the drawing, reference numerals 33 and 34 denote bearing portions incorporating a shaft and a bearing.
[0020]
FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams of a belt transmission mechanism of a working machine (mower) according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 6A shows the first belt 31 and related pulleys in the upper stage, and FIG. 2 shows two belts 32 and related pulleys. In FIG. 1, since the belts 31 and 32 overlap and are unclear, they are divided and illustrated.
(A) is a first pulley 35 attached to the output shaft 6a of the engine, a second pulley 36 for driving the plane blade shaft 10a, and a first pulley 35 and 36 forming a vertex of a triangle with the first and second pulleys 35 and 36. This indicates that the first belt 31 is wound around pulleys 35, 36, and 37 including three pulleys 37. Note that the support shaft 38 of the third pulley 37 is erected on the first housing 14.
[0021]
Reference numeral 39 denotes a swing lever fixed to the first housing 14 by a pin 39a. A tensioner roll 39b is formed at one end of the swing lever 39, and a brake shoe 39c is formed at the other end. When the swing lever 39 is swung in the counterclockwise direction in the figure by the operation lever and the wire, the first belt 31 is tightened, transmitting the power of the first pulley 35 to the second pulley 36 and driving the plane blade shaft 10a. Configuration.
Conversely, if the swing lever 39 is swung clockwise in the figure, the first belt 31 is slackened, the power transmission is weakened, and the first belt 31 can be braked by the brake shoe 39c.
In the above manner, the operation / stop of the plane blade 10 can be arbitrarily performed during the operation of the engine and during the running.
[0022]
(B) is an idler pulley 41 (hereinafter, referred to as “fourth pulley 41”) integrally formed below the third pulley 37, a sixth pulley 43 for driving the inclined blade shaft 11a, and the fourth and sixth pulleys. The pulleys 41, 43 indicate that the second belt 32 is wound around pulleys 41, 42, 43 including idler pulleys 42 (hereinafter, referred to as "fifth pulleys 42") forming the vertices of a triangle. Note that the support shaft 44 of the fifth pulley 42 is erected on the second housing 15. Reference numeral 46 denotes a tensioner roll, which constantly tensions the second belt 32 by a lever 46c that swings around a spring 46a and a pin 46b.
[0023]
That is, the two idler pulleys 41 and 42 are arranged separately from each other on the swing axis 13, one of the idler pulleys 41 is pivotally supported by the first housing 14, and the other idler pulley 42 is Are pivotally supported on the second housing 15.
[0024]
The operation of the mower described above will now be described.
FIG. 7 is a rear cross-sectional view of the working machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention, and shows a non-oscillating posture in which the inclined blade 11 is parallel (flat) to the flat blade 10. This non-swinging posture is suitable for running on an agricultural road and mowing a wide flat surface. At this time, by lifting the second housing 15 using the chain 47 and the pulley 48 shown by imaginary lines, the auxiliary wheels 16 shown in FIG. 1 can be lifted from the ground.
[0025]
FIGS. 8A and 8B are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the first and second belts according to the present invention. FIG. 8A is a non-oscillating posture, that is, the second belt 32 is parallel to the first belt 31 ( Substantially parallel).
(B) shows a swinging posture when the second housing 15 is largely swung downward for the purpose of mowing grass on a slope, between the fourth pulley 41 and the fifth pulley 42 (range {circle around (1)}), and The second belt 32 is twisted between the four pulleys 41 and the tensioner roller 46 (range (2)). Since the second belt 32 is highly flexible, the twist angle is allowed up to 90 °. Therefore, if the angle is about 60 degrees as shown in the figure, there is no problem in transmission and belt life.
[0026]
FIG. 9 is a view showing a swinging posture of the working machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention. The flat blade 10 is parallel to the upper surface 71 of the ridge 70, and the second housing 15 and the slope blade 11 follow the slope 72. Indicates that is inclined. In this posture, the grass on the upper surface 71 of the ridge 70 is cut by the flat blade 10, and the grass on the slope 72 is cut by the slope blade 11.
[0027]
FIGS. 10A to 10E are explanatory diagrams (schematic diagrams) of the operation of the steering mechanism according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 3B is a view taken in the direction of the arrow b in FIG. 3A (however, an explanatory view created for convenience), FIG. 4C is a view taken in the direction of the arrow c in FIG. FIG. 7E is a plan view of FIG.
When the base 52 is tilted rightward in the traveling direction against the elastic force of the elastic bearing 53 and the upper and lower elastic bushes 57 and 58, as shown in FIG. Starting from the pivot point P of the portion 55a, the portion 55a is inclined rightward in the traveling direction r.
[0028]
For this reason, as shown in (c), the mounting seat 63 is also inclined rightward in the traveling direction from the swing base point P as a starting point. At this time, the lower part of the bush shaft 59 is inclined leftward in the traveling direction, and the movement distance of the point Q supporting the rear part (the support plate 61) of the longitudinal member 56 is δ.
Therefore, the bush shaft 59 presses the rear portion (the support plate 61) of the longitudinal member 56 to the left in the traveling direction via the upper and lower elastic bushes 57 and 58. As a result, the pivot shaft 55 is rotated about the axis of the pivot upper end portion 55a as shown in FIG. 4D, so that the front wheel 3 is tilted rightward in the traveling direction via the axle 18. The front wheel 3 turns rightward in the traveling direction as shown in (e), and can travel in the same direction.
When the base 52 is tilted leftward in the traveling direction (the front side in this drawing), the front wheel 3 faces leftward in the traveling direction, and can travel in the same direction.
[0029]
11 (a) and 11 (b) are diagrams showing a state in which the work machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention travels in a swinging posture, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a plan view.
As shown in (a), in the mower 1, the center of gravity is biased toward the slope 72 of the ridge 70 due to the overhang load of the second housing 15. For this reason, the front wheel 3 tends to travel on the locus of the traveling line L curved leftward (toward the slope 72) in the traveling direction shown in FIG. When the front wheel 3 is not inclined, the walking worker needs to run the mower 1 while largely inclining it to the side opposite to the slope 52.
On the other hand, when the front wheel 3 faces the side opposite to the slope 72, the front wheel 3 tries to travel along the locus of the traveling line R curved rightward in the traveling direction shown in FIG.
Therefore, as shown in (a), when the center CL of the vehicle body frame 2 is set to the vehicle body longitudinal axis and the vehicle body frame 2 is tilted in the same direction by tilting the handle 22 to the side opposite to the inclined surface 72, the front wheels 3 of the steering mechanism 50 By the action, the vehicle travels along the locus of a linear progression line S substantially intermediate between the progression lines L and R shown in FIG.
[0030]
As described above, the mower 1 simply tilts the handle 22 and the front wheels 3 face in the direction in which the vehicle body frame 2 is tilted. Therefore, when traveling in a state where the right and left weight balance is deviated (the center of gravity is deviated), Since the vehicle runs almost straight on the upper surface 71 of the ridge 70 only by tilting the body frame 2 in the direction opposite to the deviation of the center of gravity, the steering is easy.
The same applies to the case where the mower 1 is run on a ridge having irregularities on the upper surface, and the steering is easy.
[0031]
The working machine of the present invention is provided with one wheel or two front and rear wheels on the body and is operated by a handle operation of a walking worker, and when the body is tilted in the left and right direction, one wheel or the front wheel is tilted. It is characterized by having a steering mechanism that steers in a direction, and can be applied to a hand-wheeled single wheel carrier (commonly referred to as a "cat car") for transporting, for example, earth and sand, in addition to a mower. . Further, the present invention can be applied regardless of the presence or absence of the auxiliary wheel 16 provided in the second housing 15.
[0032]
Further, in FIG. 8B, in order to dispose the supporting shafts 38, 44 for supporting the idler pulley on the swing axis 13 passing through the hinges 12, 12, the swelling portions 14a and the cutout portions 15a are provided in the housings 14, 15. Is formed. However, by attaching the support shaft 38 to the first housing 14 from the swing axis 13 by twice the shaft outer diameter, the support shaft 38 can be mounted on the first housing 14 without providing the bulging portion 14a. It is possible. The support shaft 44 is similarly mounted on the second housing 15.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the following effects by the above configuration.
The work machine according to claim 1, wherein the work machine is provided with one wheel or two front and rear wheels, and is operated by a handle operation of a walking worker. When the walking operator notices the skew of the work machine, the walker tilts the machine to the right or left and turns the work machine to the right or left by providing a steering mechanism to steer in the direction of inclination. By doing so, the traveling direction can be corrected, so that the direction of the working machine can be easily corrected and the steering can be easily performed.
[0034]
Further, in the working machine according to claim 1 , the steering mechanism includes a pivot shaft having an upper portion swingably attached to the body and extending rearward and downward, and a pivot shaft for supporting the axle at a lower portion, and a front portion at a middle portion in the height direction of the pivot shaft. A longitudinal member attached and extending rearward, and a bush shaft that has an upper portion fixed to the vehicle body and extends downward and supports a rear portion of the longitudinal member via an elastic bush at a lower portion, so that the vehicle body can be moved rightward. Alternatively, when tilted to the left, the lower portion of the bush shaft swings in the same direction, swings the rear portion of the elongated member, and turns the wheels, so that the steering becomes easy and the steering mechanism can be simplified.
[0035]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a cutter housing is mounted on a body frame having two wheels, a front wheel and a rear wheel, and the cutter housing includes a first housing and a second cutter housing hinged to each other. Mowing machine that cuts the upper surface of the ridge with the flat blade and cuts the slope of the ridge with the sloping blade in the second housing, in which the front wheels are steered by the steering mechanism, so that the aircraft is moved right or left. The front wheels are oriented in the same direction, thereby preventing the mower from going to the slope side of the ridge due to the overhang load of the second housing. For this reason, the mower can easily travel straight.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a working machine (mower) according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view (main part) of a working machine (mower) according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the steering mechanism according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the steering mechanism according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a front sectional view of a working machine (mower) according to the present invention; FIG. 7 is a belt transmission mechanism diagram of the working machine (mower) according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a rear sectional view of the working machine (mower) according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory diagram of the first and second belts according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a view showing a swinging posture of a work machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention; FIG. 10 is an operation explanatory view (schematic diagram) of a steering mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the work machine (mowing machine) according to the present invention travels in a swinging posture.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Work machine (mower), 2 ... body (body frame), 3 ... Front wheel, 4 ... Rear wheel, 6 ... Engine, 7 ... Cutter housing, 10 ... Flat blade, 11 ... Slope blade, 12 ... Hinge, 14 ... First housing, 15 ... Second housing, 16 ... Auxiliary wheels, 18 ... Axle, 30 ... Belt transmission mechanism, 50 ... Steering mechanism, 52 ... Base, 53 ... Elastic bearing, 54 ... Pivot receiving part, 55 ... Pivot Shaft, 55a: pivot upper end, 56: longitudinal member, 57, 58 ... elastic bush (upper / lower elastic bush), 59: bush shaft, 61: support plate, 61a: through hole, 63: mounting seat, 70: ridge , 71: upper surface, 72: slope.

Claims (2)

A work machine provided with one wheel or two front and rear wheels on a machine body and operated by a handle operation of a walking worker, the work machine is configured such that when the machine body is tilted in the left-right direction, the one wheel or the front wheel is connected to the machine body. Equipped with a steering mechanism that steers to the direction of inclination ,
The steering mechanism has an upper part swingably attached to the fuselage and extends rearward and downward, a pivot shaft supporting the axle at a lower part, and a front part attached to the middle of the pivot shaft in the height direction and extended rearward. A work machine comprising: a longitudinal member; and an upper portion fixed to the machine body and extending downward, and a bush shaft that supports a rear portion of the longitudinal member via an elastic bush at a lower portion . The working machine comprises a first housing and a second cutter housing in which a cutter housing is mounted on a body frame having two wheels, a front wheel and a rear wheel, and the cutter housing is hinged to each other. in cutting the top surface of the ridge, a mower of the type mow slope ridge slopes blade in the second housing, No placement claim 1 Symbol and characterized in that to steer the front wheels in the steering mechanism Work machine.

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