JP3573036B2 - Piston structure - Google Patents

Piston structure Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3573036B2
JP3573036B2 JP33279999A JP33279999A JP3573036B2 JP 3573036 B2 JP3573036 B2 JP 3573036B2 JP 33279999 A JP33279999 A JP 33279999A JP 33279999 A JP33279999 A JP 33279999A JP 3573036 B2 JP3573036 B2 JP 3573036B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
piston
engine
center
ridge
opening
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JP33279999A
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JP2001152963A (en
Inventor
雅彦 久保
節雄 西原
秀樹 宮本
英雄 中井
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/26Pistons  having combustion chamber in piston head
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/12Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関のピストン構造、特に、ピストン本体外周部に外向開放部が形成され、その外向開放部よりピストン中心側にピンボス部を配設し、同ピンボス部をピストン頂部の内壁に一体形成したピストン構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
内燃機関はその燃焼室内に供給した燃料を燃焼して高温高圧の燃焼ガスを発生させ、その際、ピストンが燃焼ガスより受けた押圧力をクランクシャフトにコンロッドを介して回転力として伝える。この場合、ピストンはエンジン駆動時にコンロッドに対してピストンピン回りに首振り作動し、その際、ピストン頂部やスカート部を介してシリンダライナーの内壁に側圧を伝えつつ往復摺動する。このため、ピストンは全体として十分な機械的強度を要求され、その上面は高温高圧にさらされることより十分な耐熱性が要求され、特に、ピストン外周壁はシリンダ内壁と摺接することより十分な耐摩耗性を要求され、しかも、軽量化や熱伝導性をも要求されることから、アルミニウム合金で製造されることが多い。
【0003】
また、構造的にもピストン重量をできるだけ軽減することがエンジンの高速化に有利であり、側圧低減によりシリンダライナー摩耗量低減のためにも望ましいことより、特開平2−55874号公報に開示のピストンではそのピストン頂部の下壁面側に直状穴を設け、軽量化を図っている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、要求出力に応じてリッチ運転とリーン運転を可能とすべく、燃焼室への直接燃料噴射のタイミングを調整出来る筒内噴射型の内燃機関が知られている。この筒内噴射型の内燃機関で用いるピストンは、そのピストン頂部の上面に凹部を形成し、同凹部とシリンダヘッド側の内壁とで比較的小容量の燃焼室を形成でき、同凹部に燃料噴射を行って、希薄燃焼を可能としている。
【0005】
このようにピストン頂部に凹部を設けた場合、同ピストン頂部の形状が通常のピストンと比べて大きくなり、重量増を招き、重心がピストン本体の上部、即ち、ピストンピンよりピストン頂部側にずれ易く、しかも、形状増大化に伴い、放熱性も低減し易い。このように、ピストン頂部が比較的大きく、重量増を招き易い筒内噴射型の内燃機関で用いるピストンでは、特に、エンジンの高速化に対処する上でも、側圧低減によりシリンダライナー摩耗量を低減するためにも、ピストン重量を十分に低減させることが望まれ、単に、特開平2−55874号公報に開示のように、開口より最深部まで直状穴を設けただけでは、十分な軽量化を図れない。特に、ピストン頂部が比較的大きく、重量増を招き易い筒内噴射型の内燃機関で用いるピストンでは可能な限りの重量軽減を図ることが望まれている。
本発明は、上述の課題に基づき、十分な軽量化を図れるピストン構造を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述の目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明では、ピストン外周部に形成された外向開放部と同外向開放部よりピストン中心側でピストン頂部の内壁に形成されるビンボス部とを有したピストン構造において、上記ピストン頂部に楔状突起を成す隆起部を設け、該隆起部は、エンジンの吸気ポートとの対向面側に形成された凹部と、エンジンの排気ポート対向面側に形成された傾斜壁面と、該隆起部の中央にエンジン長手方向に連続する屈曲峰部と、を有し、該屈曲峰部は、その両端部が直状をなし、中間部が上記凹部と上記傾斜壁面とが交わる湾曲峰部を備え、上記ピストン頂部の上記外向開放部との対向部に該外向開放部に向けて開口し、上記屈曲峰部の直状の両端部内に最深部が形成される中空部を設け、該中空部のピストン中心線直交面での断面形状が開口位置より穴奥位置でピストンの中心側へ拡張している。
このように、中空部のピストン中心線直交面での断面形状が、その開口位置より穴奥位置でピストンの中心側へ拡張するように形成した場合、中空部を開口断面積の割には大きな空間容積の空洞に形成できる。
【0007】
特に、隆起部内に上記中空部の最深部が形成されたので、凹部やその近傍の隆起部を備え比較的ピストン頂部が重量増を招き易いピストンの軽量化を十分に図ることができ、このピストンの首振り運動による側圧を低減し、ピストンを採用する内燃機関、たとえば、筒内噴射型の内燃機関のオイル消費量(LOC)、ブローバイガス量、スラップ音、摩擦損失の低減を十分に図れる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1には本発明の一実施形態としてのピストン構造を採用したピストン1を示した。このピストン1は筒内噴射型内燃機関(以下単にエンジン2と記す)に装着される。なお、エンジン2は4サイクル4弁式で直列4気筒であるが、各気筒の構成が同一であり、ここでは1の気筒のピストン1に関して主に説明する。 エンジン2はヘッドカバー3付きのシリンダヘッド4と、その下側のシリンダブロック5と、図示しないクランクケース及びクランクカバーをこの順に重ねて一体化して本体外郭部を形成している。エンジン2の本体内部には、シリンダブロック5の一部を成しピストン1を嵌挿したシリンダライナー6と、ピストン1とシリンダヘッド4の内壁401とに挟まれた燃焼室7と、燃焼室7に連通可能な各一対の吸排気ポート8、9(一方側のみ図示した)と、これら吸排気ポートを開閉する各一対の吸排気弁11、12(一方側のみ図示した)と、これらを駆動する図示しない動弁系と、ピストン1の往復動を回転運動に変換する図示しないクランクシャフト及びコンロッド13等が配備される。
【0009】
ここでのシリンダヘッド4はシリンダライナー6の中心に沿ったシリンダ軸線Lを含む図示しない縦向き平面を配備したと仮定し、その縦向き平面を挾んで一方側に一対の吸気ポート(手前側のみ図示した)8を他方側に一対の排気ポート9(手前側のみ図示した)をそれぞれ備える。なお、シリンダヘッド4に形成され燃焼室7と対向する内壁401は紙面垂直方向に長い楔状凹部として形成され、その楔状凹部を成す内壁401の左側部位に吸気弁11で開閉される吸気ポート8が、右側部位に排気弁12で開閉される排気ポート9がそれぞれ形成される。更に、楔状凹部を成す内壁401のほぼ中央位置には点火プラグ14が装着され,吸気ポート8のシリンダ外周側部位にはインジェクタ15が装着される。 シリンダライナー6に嵌着されるピストン1は実線で示す上死点TDC位置と、図示しない下方の下死点BDC位置との間で往復動する。
【0010】
図1〜図5に示すようにピストン1は燃焼室7と対向するピストン頂部16と、シリンダライナー5に対向するスカート部17と、そのスカート部17の一部をピストン中央側に退却させ外向開放部として形成した外向窪み部18と、ピストン頂部16の内側壁である下壁より下方に突設された一対のピンボス部19とを備える。
ピストン頂部16はその上面に凹部20及び隆起部21を形成している。凹部20及び隆起部21はほぼシリンダ軸線Lに沿った吸気ポート8を経て降下流動してきた吸気をスムーズに反転し、逆タンブル流TFとして流動させるべく形成される。なお、隆起部21はその上面が楔状凹部を成す内壁401に一様に対向するような楔状突部を成し、吸気ポート12との対向面側に凹部20を偏らせて形成し、排気ポート13との対向面側に傾斜壁面fを形成し、中央にエンジン本体の長手方向A(図3参照)に連続する屈曲峰部eを形成する。なお、屈曲峰部eはその両端部が直状を成し、中間部が凹部20と傾斜壁面fとが交わる湾曲峰部として形成される。このため、ピストン2が上死点TDCに移動した際に、傾斜壁面fと楔状凹部を成す内壁401により挟まれたすき間からのエアが峰部eを越えて、凹部20側にスキッシュ流SFとして押し出され、逆タンブル流TFの反転流動を助長できる。
【0011】
図2に示すように、ピストン頂部16はその外周壁部161に複数のピストンリング用のリング溝22、23およびオイルリング用のリング溝30がこの順で上下方向に互いに所定間隔を隔てて形成される。なお、符号gはオイル抜き穴を示す。図4、図5に示すように、ピストン頂部16の内壁面である下壁面に突出し形成されるピンボス部17は軸受状を成し、エンジン本体の長手方向A(図3参照)に向けて一対配備され、これらの端部はピストン外周縁と間隔Cを介しピストン中央側に位置し、間隔Cの空間を成す外向開放部としての外向窪み部18と対向する。
【0012】
図4に示すように、ピストン1本体の下部側を構成するスカート部17は変形円筒状を成し、即ち、外周壁部161よりそのまま下方に延出形成された周縁主部171と、これら周縁主部171より外向窪み部18を回避すべくピストン中心側に湾曲しピンボス部19の長手方向の中間部に一体結合されるピンボス対向部172とを有する。ここで、互いに対向する周縁主部171はシリンダライナー6に摺接でき、ピストン1が受ける側圧をシリンダライナー6に摺接面より伝達可能に形成される。ピンボス対向部172は互いに対向配備される周縁主部171を連結しそれらの剛性強化を図ると共にピンボス部17の補強をも行える。ピストン頂部16の下壁で外向窪み部18と対向する下向き壁面f1にはこの外向窪み部18に向けて、即ち、下方に向けて開口する中空部27がそれぞれ形成される。
【0013】
中空部27はシリンダ軸線と一致するピストン中心線Lの直交面(図示せず)での断面形状が、図4、図5に示すように、その開口位置h1の近傍で偏平した略楕円型に形成され、隆起部21の内側に達する穴奥位置h2の最深部では開口位置h1側より大きな略楕円型(図4に破線で示した)に形成される。即ち、穴奥位置h2の最深部では開口位置h1側の断面形状より、幅αだけ中央側内壁面f2がピストン中心線L側である中央側に拡張して形成され、ピストン周方向の両側幅もβずつ拡大形成されている。ここで、図5より明らかなように、隆起部21はピンボス部19との間にピストン長手方向である上下方向に十分な間隔を有しており、ピンボス部19の上方に所定の縦幅kを確保してピンボス部17が受けた入力を分散するように構成したので、その上側に空洞状の最深部を設けても強度的に問題が生じることはない。これにより、穴奥位置h2に開口位置h1より断面形状が十分に拡大した空洞状の最深部を設け、ピストンの軽量化を十分に図ることができる。なお、中空部27のピストン外周縁側の内壁面f3はリング溝22、23,30と近接することより、同部の強度確保を考慮し、その位置が設定され、しかも、鋳造時の中子の抜き取りを容易化するための傾斜角δの設定が成されている。
【0014】
このようなエンジン2は吸入行程で吸気ポートより吸気を受け、圧縮行程で吸気を逆タンブル流TFとして旋回させつつ圧縮し、リーン運転域あるいはリーン以外の運転域に応じて圧縮行程あるいは吸気行程で燃料噴射弁15から燃料を噴霧し、ピストン1が圧縮上死点TDC直前で燃焼室7の混合気が点火プラグ14で着火処理され、燃焼行程へと進む。その燃焼行程でピストン頂部16が受けた燃焼ガス圧の合力は各ピンボス部19よりピストンピン24、コンロッド13を介し図示しないクランクシャフト側に回転力として出力される。
【0015】
このようなエンジン2の駆動時に、ピストン1はそのピストン頂部16で受けたガス圧をピンボス部19の上方に所定の縦幅kを確保した部位よりピストンピン24に十分な剛性を保って伝達できる。このピストン摺動時にピストン1中心線Lに対し、コンロッド13が傾斜角を変化させ、その際生じる側圧はシリンダライナー6内を摺動するスカート部17の周縁主部171を通してシリンダライナー6に受けとめられる。この場合、ピストン頂部16は中空部27が形成され、特に、隆起部21が凹部20の近傍まで十分に肉抜きされ、軽量化を図られている。
【0016】
この結果、比較的重心位置をピストンピン24近傍に接近させることができることより、ピストン1のピストンピン24回りの首振り作動を減少させることができ側圧が低く抑えられる。このため、シリンダライナー6に対するフリクションの増加、炭化物付着量増加、LOC増加を抑えることができ、シリンダライナー6の経時的な摩耗量を低減でき、エンジン2のブローバイガス量やスラップ音の低減を十分に図れる。
更に、ピストン1の降下作動時に中空部27にはシリンダライナー6よりかき取られたオイルが開口位置h1より穴奥位置h2に流入し、ピストン1の上昇時に排除され、この作動の繰り返しにより中空部27に流入したオイルが隆起部21を冷却処理できる。
【0017】
上述のところで、ピストン1はそのピストン頂部16の一対の外向窪み部18に中空部27をそれぞれ形成していたが、これに代えて、図6、図7に示すようにピストン1aを構成しても良い。このピストン1aは図1のピストン1に代えてエンジン1に装着でき、重複部分の説明を略す。
ピストン1aはそのピストン頂部16aに一対の中空部27aをそれぞれ形成され、しかも、これら両中空部27aを互いに一対の湾曲油路28で連通させ、全体として平面視が環状のクーリングチャンネル29を形成している。この場合、ピストン頂部16aの外周壁部161aは比較的肉厚に形成され、この部位に湾曲油路28を形成している。なお、各湾曲油路28の複数の適所には下向き開口281が形成され、これら下向き開口281も中空部27の開口と同様にピストン1aの上昇、降下時にオイルを十分に給排処理できる。
【0018】
このピストン1aも、図1のピストン1と同様の作用効果が得られ、特に、ピストン1の放熱特性をより改善でき、重量増を抑えることができる。
図1のピストン1はそのスカート部17の一部をピストン中央側に退却させ外向開放部空域として外向窪み部18を形成していたが、場合によりスカート部17のピンボス対向部172を排除し、周縁主部171のみとして形成してもよく、この場合の図示しないピストンには外向開放部としての外向切欠部を設け、同切欠部と対向するピストン頂部側の下壁面に中空部を形成することとなり、この場合も図1のピストン1と同様の作用効果を得られる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、請求項1の発明は、中空部のピストン中心線直交面での断面形状が、その開口位置より穴奥位置でピストンの中心側へ拡張するように形成したので、この場合、中空部を開口断面積の割には大きな空間容積の空洞に形成でき、凹部やその近傍の隆起部を備え比較的ピストン頂部が重量増を招き易いピストンの軽量化を十分に図ることができ、このピストンの首振り運動による側圧を低減し、このピストンを採用する内燃機関のブローバイガス量、スラップ音や摩擦損失の低減を図れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態としてのピストン構造を適用したエンジンの要部概略断面図である。
【図2】図1中のピストンの拡大側面図である。
【図3】図1中のピストンの平面図である。
【図4】図2のX−X線断面図である。
【図5】図2のY−Y線断面図である。
【図6】本発明の第2の実施形態としてのピストン構造が適用されたピストンの拡大平面図である。
【図7】図6のピストンの側断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ピストン
2 エンジン
16 ピストン頂部
18 外向開放部(外向窪み部)
19 ピンボス部
27 中空部
h1 開口位置
h2 穴奥位置
L ピストン中心線
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a piston structure of an internal combustion engine, in particular, an outwardly open portion is formed on the outer periphery of the piston body, a pin boss portion is disposed on the piston center side from the outwardly open portion, and the pin boss portion is integrated with the inner wall of the piston top portion. It relates to the formed piston structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The internal combustion engine burns the fuel supplied into the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, and at this time, the piston receives the pressing force received from the combustion gas to the crankshaft through the connecting rod as a rotational force. In this case, the piston swings around the piston pin with respect to the connecting rod when the engine is driven, and at that time, the piston slides back and forth while transmitting a side pressure to the inner wall of the cylinder liner via the piston top and skirt. For this reason, the piston as a whole is required to have sufficient mechanical strength, and its upper surface is required to have sufficient heat resistance than being exposed to high temperature and pressure, and in particular, the piston outer peripheral wall is more resistant to sliding than the cylinder inner wall. Since wear resistance is required, and weight reduction and thermal conductivity are also required, it is often manufactured from an aluminum alloy.
[0003]
Further, structurally, reducing the piston weight as much as possible is advantageous for speeding up the engine, and it is desirable for reducing the cylinder liner wear amount by reducing the side pressure. Therefore, the piston disclosed in JP-A-2-55874 Then, a straight hole is provided on the lower wall side of the piston top to reduce the weight.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Incidentally, an in-cylinder injection type internal combustion engine is known in which the timing of direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber can be adjusted to enable rich operation and lean operation in accordance with the required output. The piston used in this in-cylinder injection type internal combustion engine has a recess formed on the top surface of the piston top, and a relatively small combustion chamber can be formed by the recess and the inner wall on the cylinder head side. To enable lean combustion.
[0005]
When the concave portion is provided in the piston top portion in this way, the shape of the piston top portion is larger than that of a normal piston, resulting in an increase in weight, and the center of gravity is easily displaced from the piston pin, that is, from the piston pin to the piston top portion side. In addition, the heat dissipation is easily reduced as the shape increases. As described above, the piston used in the cylinder injection type internal combustion engine, which has a relatively large piston top portion and is likely to increase in weight, reduces the cylinder liner wear amount by reducing the side pressure, particularly in order to cope with the speeding up of the engine. For this reason, it is desirable to sufficiently reduce the piston weight, and simply providing a straight hole from the opening to the deepest part as disclosed in JP-A-2-55874 can reduce the weight sufficiently. I can't figure it out. In particular, it is desired to reduce the weight as much as possible in a piston used in a cylinder injection type internal combustion engine that has a relatively large piston top and easily increases in weight.
An object of the present invention is to provide a piston structure that can achieve a sufficient weight reduction based on the above-described problems.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 has an outward opening formed on the outer periphery of the piston and a bin boss formed on the inner wall of the piston top portion on the piston center side from the outward opening. In the piston structure, a protuberance that forms a wedge-shaped protrusion is provided at the top of the piston, and the protuberance is formed with a recess formed on the surface facing the intake port of the engine and an inclination formed on the surface facing the exhaust port of the engine. A wall surface and a bent ridge portion that is continuous in the longitudinal direction of the engine at the center of the raised portion, and the bent ridge portion has a straight shape at both ends, and the intermediate portion includes the concave portion and the inclined wall surface. A hollow portion provided with intersecting curved ridges, opening toward the outward opening at a portion of the piston top facing the outward opening, and having the deepest portion formed in both ends of the bent ridge. A piston center line of the hollow portion Sectional shape is extended toward the center of the piston Anaoku position than the opening position of at 交面.
Thus, when the cross-sectional shape of the hollow portion on the plane perpendicular to the piston center line is formed so as to extend from the opening position to the center side of the piston at the hole deep position, the hollow portion is larger than the opening cross-sectional area. It can be formed in a space volume cavity.
[0007]
In particular , since the deepest portion of the hollow portion is formed in the raised portion, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the weight of the piston which has a recessed portion and a raised portion in the vicinity thereof , and the piston top portion easily causes an increase in weight. Therefore, the oil consumption (LOC), blow-by gas amount, slap noise, and friction loss of an internal combustion engine employing a piston, for example, an in-cylinder injection type internal combustion engine, can be sufficiently reduced.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a piston 1 employing a piston structure as an embodiment of the present invention. The piston 1 is mounted on a direct injection internal combustion engine (hereinafter simply referred to as the engine 2). The engine 2 is a four-cycle, four-valve type, in-line four-cylinder, but the configuration of each cylinder is the same. Here, the piston 1 of one cylinder will be mainly described. The engine 2 includes a cylinder head 4 with a head cover 3, a cylinder block 5 below the cylinder head 5, a crankcase and a crank cover (not shown) that are stacked in this order and integrated to form a main body outline. Inside the main body of the engine 2, a cylinder liner 6 that is part of the cylinder block 5 and in which the piston 1 is inserted, a combustion chamber 7 sandwiched between the piston 1 and the inner wall 401 of the cylinder head 4, and a combustion chamber 7 A pair of intake / exhaust ports 8 and 9 (only one side is shown) capable of communicating with each other, a pair of intake / exhaust valves 11 and 12 (only one side is shown) for opening and closing these intake / exhaust ports, and driving these There are provided a valve system (not shown), a crankshaft (not shown), a connecting rod 13 and the like that convert the reciprocating motion of the piston 1 into a rotational motion.
[0009]
Here, it is assumed that the cylinder head 4 is provided with a vertical plane (not shown) including the cylinder axis L along the center of the cylinder liner 6, and a pair of intake ports (only on the front side) are provided on one side of the vertical plane. 8) (shown) is provided with a pair of exhaust ports 9 (only the front side is shown) on the other side. An inner wall 401 formed on the cylinder head 4 and opposed to the combustion chamber 7 is formed as a wedge-shaped recess that is long in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. An intake port 8 that is opened and closed by the intake valve 11 is formed on the left side of the inner wall 401 that forms the wedge-shaped recess. The exhaust port 9 that is opened and closed by the exhaust valve 12 is formed in the right part. Further, a spark plug 14 is mounted at a substantially central position of the inner wall 401 forming the wedge-shaped recess, and an injector 15 is mounted on the cylinder outer peripheral portion of the intake port 8. The piston 1 fitted to the cylinder liner 6 reciprocates between a top dead center TDC position indicated by a solid line and a lower bottom dead center BDC position (not shown).
[0010]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the piston 1 has a piston top 16 that faces the combustion chamber 7, a skirt 17 that faces the cylinder liner 5, and a part of the skirt 17 retracts toward the center of the piston and opens outward. And a pair of pin bosses 19 projecting downward from a lower wall which is an inner wall of the piston top 16.
The piston top portion 16 has a recess 20 and a raised portion 21 formed on the upper surface thereof. The concave portion 20 and the raised portion 21 are formed so as to smoothly reverse the intake air that has flowed down through the intake port 8 substantially along the cylinder axis L and to flow as a reverse tumble flow TF. The raised portion 21 has a wedge-shaped projection whose upper surface uniformly faces the inner wall 401 forming a wedge-shaped recess, and is formed by biasing the recess 20 on the surface facing the intake port 12, and the exhaust port An inclined wall surface f is formed on the side facing the surface 13 and a bent ridge e is formed in the center in the longitudinal direction A of the engine body (see FIG. 3). The bent ridge portion e is formed as a curved ridge portion in which both end portions are straight and the intermediate portion intersects the concave portion 20 and the inclined wall surface f. For this reason, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center TDC, the air from the gap sandwiched between the inclined wall surface f and the inner wall 401 that forms the wedge-shaped recess exceeds the peak portion e, and becomes a squish flow SF on the recess 20 side. Extruded and can promote the reverse flow of the reverse tumble flow TF.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 2, the piston top portion 16 is formed with a plurality of piston ring ring grooves 22 and 23 and an oil ring ring groove 30 in this order at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction on the outer peripheral wall portion 161. Is done. Note that the symbol g indicates an oil drain hole. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the pin boss portion 17 that protrudes and is formed on the lower wall surface, which is the inner wall surface of the piston top portion 16, forms a bearing shape and is paired in the longitudinal direction A (see FIG. 3) of the engine body. These end portions are located on the piston central side with the piston outer peripheral edge and the interval C, and face the outward depression 18 as the outward opening portion forming the space of the interval C.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 4, the skirt portion 17 constituting the lower side of the main body of the piston 1 has a deformed cylindrical shape, that is, a peripheral main portion 171 that extends downward from the outer peripheral wall portion 161 and these peripheral portions. It has a pin boss facing portion 172 that is curved toward the center of the piston so as to avoid the outwardly recessed portion 18 from the main portion 171 and is integrally coupled to the intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the pin boss portion 19. Here, the peripheral main portions 171 facing each other can be slidably contacted with the cylinder liner 6 so that the side pressure received by the piston 1 can be transmitted to the cylinder liner 6 from the slidable contact surface. The pin boss facing portion 172 connects the peripheral main portions 171 arranged opposite to each other to enhance the rigidity of the pin boss facing portion 172 and to reinforce the pin boss portion 17. On the lower wall surface f1 facing the outward depression 18 on the lower wall of the piston top 16, a hollow portion 27 is formed to open toward the outward depression 18, that is, downward.
[0013]
The hollow portion 27 has a substantially elliptical shape in which the cross-sectional shape on the orthogonal plane (not shown) of the piston center line L that coincides with the cylinder axis is flat near the opening position h1 as shown in FIGS. The deepest portion of the hole depth position h2 that is formed and reaches the inside of the raised portion 21 is formed in a substantially elliptical shape (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 4) larger than the opening position h1 side. That is, at the deepest part of the hole depth position h2, the center side inner wall surface f2 is formed so as to extend from the cross-sectional shape on the opening position h1 side to the center side that is the piston center line L side by the width α. Is also enlarged by β. Here, as is apparent from FIG. 5, the raised portion 21 has a sufficient space in the vertical direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the piston, between the raised portion 21 and the pin boss portion 19. And the input received by the pin boss part 17 is dispersed, so that even if a hollow deepest part is provided on the upper side, no problem arises in strength. As a result, a hollow deepest portion whose cross-sectional shape is sufficiently larger than the opening position h1 is provided at the hole deep position h2, and the weight of the piston can be sufficiently reduced. The inner wall surface f3 on the piston outer peripheral side of the hollow portion 27 is close to the ring grooves 22, 23, 30 so that the position is set in consideration of securing the strength of the same portion, and the core of the core at the time of casting The inclination angle δ is set for facilitating extraction.
[0014]
Such an engine 2 receives the intake air from the intake port during the intake stroke, compresses the intake air as a reverse tumble flow TF during the compression stroke, and compresses the intake air in the compression stroke or the intake stroke according to the lean operation region or the operation region other than lean. Fuel is sprayed from the fuel injection valve 15, the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 7 is ignited by the spark plug 14 immediately before the piston 1 is at the compression top dead center TDC, and the combustion process proceeds. The resultant force of the combustion gas pressure received by the piston top 16 in the combustion stroke is output as a rotational force from each pin boss portion 19 to the crankshaft (not shown) via the piston pin 24 and the connecting rod 13.
[0015]
When the engine 2 is driven, the piston 1 can transmit the gas pressure received by the piston top 16 to the piston pin 24 from the portion where the predetermined vertical width k is secured above the pin boss portion 19 with sufficient rigidity. . When the piston slides, the connecting rod 13 changes the inclination angle with respect to the center line L of the piston 1, and the side pressure generated at this time is received by the cylinder liner 6 through the peripheral main portion 171 of the skirt portion 17 that slides inside the cylinder liner 6. . In this case, the piston top portion 16 is formed with a hollow portion 27, and in particular, the raised portion 21 is sufficiently thinned to the vicinity of the concave portion 20 to reduce the weight.
[0016]
As a result, the position of the center of gravity can be made relatively close to the vicinity of the piston pin 24, so that the swinging operation of the piston 1 around the piston pin 24 can be reduced and the lateral pressure can be kept low. For this reason, it is possible to suppress an increase in friction with respect to the cylinder liner 6, an increase in the amount of carbide adhering, and an increase in LOC, to reduce the wear amount of the cylinder liner 6 with time, and to sufficiently reduce the blow-by gas amount and slap noise of the engine 2. I can plan.
Further, when the piston 1 is lowered, the oil scraped from the cylinder liner 6 flows into the hollow portion 27 from the opening position h1 to the hole deep position h2, and is removed when the piston 1 is lifted. The oil that has flowed into 27 can cool the raised portion 21.
[0017]
As described above, the piston 1 has the hollow portions 27 formed in the pair of outwardly recessed portions 18 of the piston top portion 16, but instead, the piston 1a is configured as shown in FIGS. Also good. The piston 1a can be attached to the engine 1 instead of the piston 1 of FIG.
The piston 1a is formed with a pair of hollow portions 27a at the piston top portion 16a, and the hollow portions 27a communicate with each other through a pair of curved oil passages 28 to form a cooling channel 29 having a ring shape in plan view as a whole. ing. In this case, the outer peripheral wall portion 161a of the piston top portion 16a is formed relatively thick, and the curved oil passage 28 is formed in this portion. In addition, downward openings 281 are formed at a plurality of appropriate locations in each curved oil passage 28, and these downward openings 281 can sufficiently supply and discharge oil when the piston 1a is raised and lowered, like the opening of the hollow portion 27.
[0018]
This piston 1a can also obtain the same operational effects as the piston 1 of FIG. 1, and in particular, can improve the heat dissipation characteristics of the piston 1 and suppress an increase in weight.
The piston 1 in FIG. 1 retreats a part of the skirt portion 17 toward the center of the piston to form an outwardly recessed portion 18 as an outwardly open portion air space. It may be formed only as the peripheral main portion 171. In this case, the piston (not shown) is provided with an outward cut portion as an outward open portion, and a hollow portion is formed on the lower wall surface on the piston top side facing the cut portion. next, Ru also obtained the same effect as the piston 1 in FIG. 1 in this case.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the invention of claim 1 is formed so that the cross-sectional shape of the hollow portion on the piston center line orthogonal surface extends from the opening position to the center side of the piston at the hole deep position. The hollow portion can be formed into a cavity with a large space volume relative to the opening cross-sectional area, and the piston top portion can be sufficiently reduced in weight because the piston top portion has a recessed portion and a raised portion in the vicinity of the hollow portion. By reducing the side pressure due to the swinging motion of the piston, the amount of blow-by gas, slap noise and friction loss of an internal combustion engine employing this piston can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of an engine to which a piston structure as one embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of the piston in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the piston in FIG. 1;
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY in FIG.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a piston to which a piston structure as a second embodiment of the present invention is applied.
7 is a side sectional view of the piston of FIG. 6. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 piston 2 engine 16 piston top 18 outward opening (outward depression)
19 Pin boss part 27 Hollow part h1 Open position h2 Hole deep position L Piston center line

Claims (1)

ピストン外周部に形成された外向開放部と同外向開放部よりピストン中心側でピストン頂部の内壁に形成されるビンボス部とを有したピストン構造において、
上記ピストン頂部に楔状突起を成す隆起部を設け、
該隆起部は、
エンジンの吸気ポートとの対向面側に形成された凹部と、
エンジンの排気ポート対向面側に形成された傾斜壁面と、
該隆起部の中央にエンジン長手方向に連続する屈曲峰部と、を有し、
該屈曲峰部は、その両端部が直状をなし、中間部が上記凹部と上記傾斜壁面とが交わる湾曲峰部を備え、
上記ピストン頂部の上記外向開放部との対向部に該外向開放部に向けて開口し、上記屈曲峰部の直状の両端部内に最深部が形成される中空部を設け、
該中空部のピストン中心線直交面での断面形状が開口位置より穴奥位置でピストンの中心側へ拡張していることを特徴とするピストン構造。
In the piston structure having an outward opening portion formed on the outer peripheral portion of the piston and a bin boss portion formed on the inner wall of the piston top portion on the piston center side from the outward opening portion,
Providing a ridge that forms a wedge-shaped projection on the top of the piston,
The protuberance is
A recess formed on the side facing the intake port of the engine;
An inclined wall formed on the exhaust port facing surface side of the engine;
A bent ridge that continues in the longitudinal direction of the engine at the center of the ridge,
The bent ridge portion has a curved ridge portion in which both end portions are straight and an intermediate portion intersects the concave portion and the inclined wall surface,
Opening toward the outward opening part at the part facing the outward opening part of the piston top part, providing a hollow part where the deepest part is formed in the straight ends of the bent ridge part ,
A piston structure in which a cross-sectional shape of the hollow portion on a plane orthogonal to a piston center line extends from the opening position toward the center of the piston at a hole deep position.
JP33279999A 1999-11-24 1999-11-24 Piston structure Expired - Lifetime JP3573036B2 (en)

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JP3573036B2 true JP3573036B2 (en) 2004-10-06

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10304167A1 (en) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Direct petrol injection, lifting cylinder combustion engine has concave piston region with spherical section, substantially flat surface with center of area between ignition device, injection valve

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