JP3572173B2 - Camouflage material - Google Patents

Camouflage material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3572173B2
JP3572173B2 JP21843597A JP21843597A JP3572173B2 JP 3572173 B2 JP3572173 B2 JP 3572173B2 JP 21843597 A JP21843597 A JP 21843597A JP 21843597 A JP21843597 A JP 21843597A JP 3572173 B2 JP3572173 B2 JP 3572173B2
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Prior art keywords
fine particles
camouflage material
camouflage
pigment
aluminum
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JP21843597A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1163893A (en
Inventor
隆治 石川
憲治 名島
三嘉 射延
勝 大崎
伸夫 石原
直人 小川
信夫 冨沢
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は可視光線及び近遠赤外線に対してカモフラージュ効果を有する偽装材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、野戦用装備として森林や草原、砂漠等の自然緑色植物や褐色土砂と同等の可視光、近赤外線に対する偽装効果を有する偽装材が軍事的に広く採用されている。これらの偽装材はポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのフィルムに適当な顔料を配合した塗料を塗布したものである。また、遠赤外線に対してはポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどからなるフィルムとアルミニウム箔とを貼着したフィルム構造体が提案されている。
さらに、図3に示すようにポリエチレン又はポリプロピレンなどの基材1の表面に塗料を塗布し、裏面にアルミニウム箔を貼着して前記両者の性能を備えた偽装材も知られている。
一般に偽装材は可視光に対しては肉眼及びTVカメラの映像、遠赤外線及び近赤外線に対しては熱線映像装置の赤外線映像において、目標を背景に溶け込ませることにより人間がその映像の中から目標を認識することを困難にさせる「偽装効果」を有している。具体的には可視光の場合は、偽装材表面の幾何パターン及び色彩を背景に似せたものにすることにより目標を背景に埋没させ、赤外線の場合は偽装材表面の幾何パターン及び放射率を背景に似せたものにしている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、対遠赤外線偽装材は対可視光、対近赤外線又は対遠赤外線等の特定な探索装置に対しては偽装効果を有するが、これらの全ての装置に対して同時に優れた偽装効果を有するものは少ない。そのため、従来は可視光、熱放射率それぞれの機能毎に偽装材を開発している。また、従来の対赤外線偽装材は環境や気象条件の変化によってエネルギー放射率を変化させることができないものであるため探索条件が変われば形状認識を消失させる効果がなく容易に検知されてしまうという欠点がある。
本発明は従来の偽装材におけるこれらの問題点を解消し、対可視光、対近赤外線又は対遠赤外線のいずれについても優れた偽装効果を有し、環境や気象条件の変化にも対応可能な偽装材を提供しようとするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明はかかる目的を達成するために次のような構成を有する偽装材である。(1)フィルム又は繊維布からなる基材の表面に、バインダー樹脂中に熱放射率の小さい金属の微粒子及び顔料を分散させた表面層を形成し、裏面にアルミニウム箔を貼着させた構成を有し、熱反射率が0.5〜0.9の範囲にあることを特徴とする偽装材。
(2)前記表面層中の金属の微粒子が、その分散量が位置により異なり、ランダム模様を形成するように添加され、同一偽装材中で熱放射率差を有するように構成されてなることを特徴とする前記(1)の偽装材。
【0005】
(3)金属の微粒子が平均粒径10〜50μmのアルミニウム微粒子であり、顔料が平均粒径0.1〜1μmの微粒子であって、前記アルミニウム及び顔料の微粒子を表面層の隠蔽率が1000〜16000cm/gとなるような割合で分散させてなることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)の偽装材。
【0006】
(4)前記基材がポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ポリカーボネート又は塩化ビニル樹脂からなるフィルムあるいは繊維材であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(3)のいずれか1つの偽装材。
(5)前記表面層が熱放射率の異なる複数の層で形成されてなることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(4)のいずれか1つの偽装材。
【0007】
本発明の偽装材はポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ナイロンなどのポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ポリカーボネート又は塩化ビニル樹脂などのフィルムあるいはこれらの繊維を用いた織物、不織布などの繊維材を基材とし、その表面にウレタン樹脂などのバインダ樹脂に熱放射率の小さい金属の微粒子及び迷彩用顔料を分散させた表面層を有するものである。
すなわち、表面層中に迷彩用の顔料に加えて金属微粒子による熱放射率の調整効果を相乗させることにより、可視光・近赤外線探索装置、遠赤外線探索装置等の探索装置に対抗し得る偽装材としたものである。
【0008】
微粒子用の金属としてはアルミニウムや銀のような熱放射率が小さく化学的に安定な金属であれば何でも使用できるが、価格や入手の容易さなどからアルミニウムが好ましく、中でも平均粒径10〜50μmの微粒子が好ましい。アルミニウム微粒子の添加量は顔料の効果と合わせて表面層の隠蔽率が1000〜16000cm/gとなるような割合で添加するのが好ましい。
アルミニウム微粒子の平均粒径が10μm未満では粒子が二次凝集を起こすおそれがあり、また、50μmを超えるとアルミニウム微粒子が表面に露出してスジ状の欠陥が発現する場合がある。
また、アルミニウム微粒子及び顔料の添加量が表面層の隠蔽率が1000cm/g未満となる量では効果が小さく、また、16000cm/gを超える量になると、特に粒子径の大きいアルミニウム微粒子の含有量が多くなりすぎて塗膜としての強度が低下する場合があるので好ましくない。
また、アルミニウム微粒子としてはノンフィーリング形状(丸みを帯びた形状)のものが好ましい。
【0009】
表面層の熱放射率はアルミニウムなどの金属微粒子の添加量を変えることによって調節することができる。通常の植生の熱放射率は0.5〜0.6程度、粘土の熱放射率は0.9程度なので、これらの物質の組合せと見なせる自然背景に合わせるため、金属微粒子の添加量は表面層の熱放射率が0.5〜0.9の範囲となるようにするのが好ましい。
【0010】
さらに、表面層中の金属の微粒子を、その分散量が位置により異なり、ランダム模様を形成するように添加して、同一偽装材中で部分的に熱放射率差が生じるように構成することができる。すなわち、予めアルミニウム微粒子の添加量を変えて顔料とともに添加したバインダー樹脂を調整しておき、これを基材表面にランダムに塗布することにより、部分的に熱放射率の異なる偽装材が得られる。これにより、温度や気象条件の変化による自然環境の色調変化やエネルギー放射量の変化にも追従して偽装効果を維持することができる。
【0011】
なお、表面層を金属微粒子の添加量を変えた(すなわち、熱放射率の異なる)2層以上の複数層で構成し、それぞれの層に適当な形状(例えば木の葉状)の穴(欠損部)を設けることにより、熱放射率の異なる面がランダムに構成され、偽装効果を向上させることができる。
【0012】
表面層に添加する顔料としては、通常の迷彩用に使用される顔料を使用することができる。添加する顔料の例としてはCr、Fe、Fe、CaCO、TiO、MgSi(OH)、クレイなどを挙げることができる。なお、顔料の添加量を変えることによって、偽装材の吸収率を調整できることはもちろんである。
【0013】
本発明の偽装材における前記基材の裏面にはアルミニウム箔を貼着させ内部から発生する熱放射を遮断し、外部への熱放射を防止する。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明の偽装材についてさらに具体的に説明する。
(実施例1)
ポリエステルタフタにアルミニウム微粒子粉末を顔料及びバインダーに混ぜ塗布し、図1の断面構造を有する積層シートを製作した。ポリエステルタフタ(50デニール/75フィラメント)からなる基材1の表面に森林と同系の緑色の平均粒径0.5μmの顔料4と30μmの平均粒径に調整したアルミニウム微粒子粉末2をウレタン樹脂からなるバインダー3に混合して塗布し、表面層の隠蔽率が16000cm/gで厚さ0.2mmの表面層5を形成させた。
塗布方式はフラットスクリーン方式を用いた。また、基材1の裏面には接着剤6(商品名:クリスボンAH−420、大日本インキ化学工業株式会社製)を介してアルミニウム箔7をホットメルト接着させ偽装材試料1とした。同様にして、基材1の表面に砂漠と同系の濃褐色の顔料4と前記と同じアルミニウム微粒子粉末2とをウレタン樹脂からなるバインダー3に混合、塗布し、基材1裏面には接着剤を介してアルミニウム箔7(厚さ12μm、ポリエステルフィルムにアルミニウムを蒸着させたもの)をホットメルト接着させ偽装材試料2を得た。得られた偽装材試料1及び2の配合比を表1に示す。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0003572173
【0016】
得られた偽装材試料は波長範囲約3〜3.5μmあるいは約8〜13μmの赤外線を用いた探索装置、例えばInSbを用いたCCDカメラ探索装置あるいはHCT(水銀・カドミウム・テルル)を用いた探索装置に対して優れた偽装効果を有していた。
【0017】
(実施例2)
実施例1の森林用偽装材(緑色)において、他の配合比は同一とし、アルミニウム微粒子粉末の配合比を変化させて熱放射率の変化を調べた。このときの熱放射率とアルミニウム添加量の関係を図2に示す。図2より、アルミニウム添加量を変化させることにより、同一顔料、バインダーで熱放射率を任意な値に調整することが可能であることがわかる。
【0018】
(実施例3)
実施例1の森林用偽装材(緑色)において、表面層はアルミニウムを除き配合比を同一とし、アルミニウム微粒子の添加割合をそれぞれ53%及び5%とした第1層(放射率0.62)及び第2層(放射率0.89)からなる2層構造とした。1層目及び2層目に適当な切欠き模様を入れることにより、放射率をランダムに変化させた偽装材が得られた。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明の偽装材は表面層に顔料に加えて金属微粒子を添加しているので可視光、近赤外線及び遠赤外線のいずれにも優れた偽装効果を発揮することができ、また、金属微粒子の添加量を変えることによって、任意の熱放射率を有する偽装材とすることができる。
また、本発明の偽装材において表面の熱放射率に差異を付加することにより気温や地域環境の変化に適応した偽装効果を発揮させることができ、広範囲な地域で使用できる偽装材となる。
さらには、本発明の偽装材は薄い積層シートであり、軽量かつ柔軟性を有しており、極めて取扱い性に優れている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の偽装材の1例を示す断面図。
【図2】本発明の偽装材におけるアルミニウム添加量と熱放射率との関係の1例を示すグラフ。
【図3】従来の偽装材の1例を示す断面図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a camouflage material having a camouflage effect on visible light and near-far infrared rays.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, camouflage materials having a camouflage effect on visible light and near-infrared rays equivalent to natural green plants such as forests, meadows, and deserts and brown earth and sand have been widely used as military equipment. These camouflage materials are obtained by applying a paint containing a suitable pigment to a film such as polyethylene or polypropylene. For far-infrared rays, a film structure in which a film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like and an aluminum foil are adhered has been proposed.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, there is also known a camouflage material having the performance of both, by applying a paint on the surface of a base material 1 such as polyethylene or polypropylene and attaching an aluminum foil to the back surface.
In general, camouflage materials are visual images of the naked eye and TV cameras for visible light, and infrared images of heat ray imaging devices for far infrared and near infrared light. Has a "disguise effect" that makes it difficult to recognize Specifically, in the case of visible light, the target is buried in the background by making the geometric pattern and color of the surface of the camouflage material similar to the background, and in the case of infrared light, the geometric pattern and emissivity of the surface of the camouflage material are compared with the background. It is made to resemble.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, far-infrared disguised materials have a disguise effect on specific search devices such as visible light, near-infrared light or far-infrared light, but have an excellent disguise effect on all these devices at the same time. There are few things. Conventionally, therefore, fake materials have been developed for each function of visible light and thermal emissivity. In addition, conventional infrared disguise materials cannot change the energy emissivity due to changes in environmental or weather conditions, so if the search conditions change, there is no effect of losing shape recognition and they are easily detected. There is.
The present invention solves these problems in the conventional camouflage material, and has an excellent camouflage effect with respect to visible light, near infrared rays or far infrared rays, and can respond to changes in environmental and weather conditions. It is intended to provide camouflage material.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a camouflage material having the following configuration to achieve the above object. (1) A structure in which a surface layer in which fine particles of a metal having a low thermal emissivity and a pigment are dispersed in a binder resin is formed on the surface of a substrate made of a film or a fiber cloth, and an aluminum foil is adhered to the back surface. A camouflage material having a heat reflectance in the range of 0.5 to 0.9.
(2) The fine particles of metal in the surface layer are added so as to form a random pattern, the amount of dispersion of which is different depending on the position, and are configured to have a thermal emissivity difference in the same camouflage material. The camouflage material according to the above (1), which is characterized in that:
[0005]
(3) The metal fine particles are aluminum fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 μm, and the pigment is fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 μm. The camouflage material of (1) or (2), wherein the camouflage material is dispersed at a ratio of 16000 cm 2 / g.
[0006]
(4) The camouflage material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the base material is a film or a fiber material made of polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, or vinyl chloride resin.
(5) The camouflage material according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the surface layer is formed of a plurality of layers having different thermal emissivities.
[0007]
The camouflage material of the present invention is made of a film such as polyester, polyurethane, nylon or other polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate or vinyl chloride resin, or a woven or nonwoven fabric using these fibers as a base material, and has a urethane resin or the like on its surface. Having a surface layer in which fine particles of a metal having a low thermal emissivity and a pigment for camouflage are dispersed in a binder resin.
In other words, the camouflage pigment is added to the surface layer in addition to the effect of adjusting the thermal emissivity of the metal fine particles, so that a camouflage material that can compete with search devices such as a visible light / near infrared search device and a far infrared search device. It is what it was.
[0008]
As the metal for the fine particles, any metal can be used as long as it has a low thermal emissivity and is chemically stable, such as aluminum or silver. However, aluminum is preferable in terms of price and availability, and among others, the average particle diameter is 10 to 50 μm. Are preferred. The addition amount of the aluminum fine particles is preferably such that the hiding factor of the surface layer is 1000 to 16000 cm 2 / g in accordance with the effect of the pigment.
If the average particle size of the aluminum fine particles is less than 10 μm, the particles may cause secondary aggregation. If the average particle size exceeds 50 μm, the aluminum fine particles may be exposed on the surface to cause streak-like defects.
When the amount of the aluminum fine particles and the pigment added is such that the concealing rate of the surface layer is less than 1000 cm 2 / g, the effect is small. When the amount exceeds 16000 cm 2 / g, the content of aluminum fine particles having a particularly large particle size is contained. It is not preferable because the amount may be too large and the strength as a coating film may decrease.
Further, as the aluminum fine particles, those having a non-feeling shape (rounded shape) are preferable.
[0009]
The thermal emissivity of the surface layer can be adjusted by changing the amount of fine metal particles such as aluminum. Since the thermal emissivity of ordinary vegetation is about 0.5 to 0.6, and the thermal emissivity of clay is about 0.9, the amount of fine metal particles added should be adjusted to the natural background that can be considered as a combination of these substances. Is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 0.9.
[0010]
Further, the metal fine particles in the surface layer may be added so that the amount of dispersion differs depending on the position and form a random pattern, so that a difference in thermal emissivity occurs partially in the same camouflage material. it can. That is, by preliminarily changing the amount of the added aluminum fine particles to adjust the binder resin added together with the pigment, and applying this randomly to the surface of the base material, a camouflage material having a partially different heat emissivity can be obtained. This makes it possible to maintain the camouflage effect by following a change in the color tone of the natural environment or a change in the amount of energy radiation due to a change in temperature or weather conditions.
[0011]
The surface layer is composed of two or more layers in which the amount of added metal fine particles is changed (that is, the thermal emissivity is different), and each layer has a hole (defective portion) of an appropriate shape (for example, a leaf shape). Is provided, the surfaces having different thermal emissivities are randomly formed, and the camouflage effect can be improved.
[0012]
As a pigment to be added to the surface layer, a pigment used for ordinary camouflage can be used. Examples of the pigment to be added include Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 , TiO 2 , Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 , and clay. It is needless to say that the absorption of the camouflage material can be adjusted by changing the amount of the pigment added.
[0013]
An aluminum foil is attached to the back surface of the base material in the camouflaged material of the present invention to block heat radiation generated from inside, thereby preventing heat radiation to the outside.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the camouflage material of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
(Example 1)
Aluminum fine particle powder was mixed with a pigment and a binder and applied to polyester taffeta to produce a laminated sheet having the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. On the surface of a base material 1 made of polyester taffeta (50 denier / 75 filaments), a pigment 4 having a green average particle diameter of 0.5 μm, which is similar to forest, and an aluminum fine particle powder 2 adjusted to an average particle diameter of 30 μm are made of a urethane resin. The mixture was applied to the binder 3 to form a surface layer 5 having a concealing rate of 16000 cm 2 / g and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
The coating method used was a flat screen method. Further, an aluminum foil 7 was hot-melt bonded to the back surface of the base material 1 with an adhesive 6 (trade name: Chrisbon AH-420, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Incorporated) to obtain a camouflage material sample 1. Similarly, a dark brown pigment 4 similar to desert and the same aluminum fine particle powder 2 as described above are mixed and applied to a binder 3 made of urethane resin on the surface of the base material 1, and an adhesive is applied to the back surface of the base material 1. An aluminum foil 7 (thickness: 12 μm, a polyester film on which aluminum was vapor-deposited) was hot-melt bonded to obtain a camouflage material sample 2. Table 1 shows the mixing ratios of the obtained camouflage material samples 1 and 2.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003572173
[0016]
The obtained camouflage material sample is searched using a search device using infrared rays having a wavelength range of about 3 to 3.5 μm or about 8 to 13 μm, for example, a CCD camera search apparatus using InSb or an HCT (mercury / cadmium / tellurium). It had an excellent camouflage effect on the device.
[0017]
(Example 2)
In the camouflage material for forest (green) of Example 1, the other compounding ratios were the same, and the change in the thermal emissivity was examined by changing the compounding ratio of the aluminum fine particles. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the thermal emissivity and the amount of aluminum added at this time. FIG. 2 shows that the thermal emissivity can be adjusted to an arbitrary value with the same pigment and binder by changing the aluminum addition amount.
[0018]
(Example 3)
In the forest camouflage material (green) of Example 1, the surface layer had the same compounding ratio except aluminum, and the first layer (emissivity 0.62) and the addition ratio of aluminum fine particles were 53% and 5%, respectively. A two-layer structure consisting of the second layer (emissivity 0.89) was adopted. By providing appropriate notch patterns in the first and second layers, a camouflage material in which the emissivity was changed randomly was obtained.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The camouflage material of the present invention can exhibit an excellent camouflage effect in any of visible light, near infrared ray and far infrared ray because metal fine particles are added to the surface layer in addition to the pigment, and addition of the metal fine particles. By changing the amount, a camouflage material having an arbitrary thermal emissivity can be obtained.
In addition, by adding a difference to the thermal emissivity of the surface in the camouflage material of the present invention, a camouflage effect adapted to changes in temperature and local environment can be exerted, and the camouflage material can be used in a wide area.
Further, the camouflage material of the present invention is a thin laminated sheet, has light weight and flexibility, and is extremely excellent in handleability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of a camouflage material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the amount of aluminum added and the thermal emissivity in the camouflaged material of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing one example of a conventional camouflage material.

Claims (5)

フィルム又は繊維布からなる基材の表面に、バインダー樹脂中に熱放射率の小さい金属の微粒子及び顔料を分散させた表面層を形成し、裏面にアルミニウム箔を貼着させた構成を有し、熱放射率が0.5〜0.9の範囲にあることを特徴とする偽装材。On the surface of a substrate made of a film or a fiber cloth, a surface layer in which fine particles of a metal having a low thermal emissivity and a pigment are dispersed in a binder resin is formed, and a structure in which an aluminum foil is adhered to the back surface has A camouflage material having a thermal emissivity in the range of 0.5 to 0.9. 前記表面層中の金属の微粒子が、その分散量が位置により異なり、ランダム模様を形成するように添加され、同一偽装材中で熱放射率差を有するように構成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の偽装材。Fine particles of metal in the surface layer, the amount of dispersion is different depending on the position, added so as to form a random pattern, characterized in that it is configured to have a thermal emissivity difference in the same camouflage material The camouflage material according to claim 1. 金属の微粒子が平均粒径10〜50μmのアルミニウム微粒子であり、顔料が平均粒径0.1〜1μmの微粒子であって、前記アルミニウム及び顔料の微粒子を表面層の隠蔽率が1000〜16000cm/gとなるような割合で分散させてなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の偽装材。The metal fine particles are aluminum fine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 50 μm, the pigment is fine particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 1 μm, and the aluminum and pigment fine particles have a surface layer concealment ratio of 1000 to 16000 cm 2 / The camouflage material according to claim 1, wherein the camouflage material is dispersed at a ratio such that g is obtained. 前記基材がポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ポリカーボネート又は塩化ビニル樹脂からなるフィルムあるいは繊維布であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の偽装材。The camouflage material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the base material is a film or a fiber cloth made of polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, or vinyl chloride resin. 前記表面層が熱放射率の異なる複数の層で形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の偽装材。The camouflage material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface layer is formed of a plurality of layers having different thermal emissivities.
JP21843597A 1997-08-13 1997-08-13 Camouflage material Expired - Fee Related JP3572173B2 (en)

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