JP3570610B2 - Power demand controller - Google Patents

Power demand controller Download PDF

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JP3570610B2
JP3570610B2 JP18087398A JP18087398A JP3570610B2 JP 3570610 B2 JP3570610 B2 JP 3570610B2 JP 18087398 A JP18087398 A JP 18087398A JP 18087398 A JP18087398 A JP 18087398A JP 3570610 B2 JP3570610 B2 JP 3570610B2
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JP2000014004A (en
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小布施佳夫
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パルコスモ株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)
  • Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、需要電力制御装置、特に、需要電力が所定の契約量を超えないように機器の運転を制御する装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般的に、大口電力の供給契約に際しては、基本料金を最大需要電力(デマンド電力、AV)によって定める所謂「デマンド契約」が行われるようになっている。
この「デマンド契約」とは、当月を含む過去12ヶ月に渡って、30分毎の需要電力をチェックし、その最大値を1時間当たりに換算し、その需要電力量を契約電力量(基本料金)とするものである。このため、何らかの理由で30分以上に渡って需要電力が増大すると、以後1年間は契約基本料金が高くなる。
【0003】
これは、消費された実効電力量が同一であっても、負荷のピーク値が高かったり、力率が低かったりするときは、電力会社はより多くの設備を必要とするとの見地から定められたものであるが、エアーコンディショナーのコンプレッサーのように非同期で間欠運転される機器を多数並列運転するような場合には、同時に運転する機器が集中しないように運転を管理する必要がある。
そのため、複数の機器を運転する事業場などにおいては、一定のスケジュールに従って機器の運転をシーケンス制御することがある。然しながらそのような方法では柔軟で合理的な制御は不可能である。
【0004】
又、デマンドメーターからの信号を監視し、予め設定された総需要電力の目標値と、使用状態から予測されるとを比較して、実際の総需要電力が契約電力に近づき、需要時限(毎時0分〜30分の間、及び30分〜60分の間)内に目標値を超過しそうになったときは、その状況に応じて第一警報、第二警報及び第三警報を逐次発信し、最後には電力の緊急遮断を行うシステムが提供されている。然しながら、この装置では、警報が発せられたとき担当の職員が機器の運転状況を見ながら対処する必要があり、担当者が不在のときなど大混乱を生じると言う問題があった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記の問題を解決するためなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、円滑で合理的な無人制御が可能なデマンド管理装置、即ち、最大需要電力管理装置を提供することにある。
【0006】
【問題を解決する手段】
本発明の上記の目的は、
電力により断続的に運転される複数の機器の、需要時限内の総需要電力が予め定めた限界値以下に保持されるように、上記複数の機器の運転を抑制制御する需要電力制御装置において、
上記需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に、総需要電力を検知し、当該需要時限内の需要電力の推定値を算出する回路と、
上記需要電力の推定値が算出される都度、現に運転中の複数の機器の中から電源遮断可能な状態にあるものを選別、記録すると共に、それら電源遮断可能な状態にある機器について、少なくとも各機器の重要度とオンとなってからの経過時間とによって定められる、電源を遮断したときの弊害の少なさを示す遮断許容度順のリストを作成し
上記総需要電力の推定値が予め上記限界値より低いレベルに定められた警報レベルに達したときは、そのとき作成されている上記機器の遮断許容度順のリストの上位に記載された機器の中から、抑制すべき需要電力に見合う需要電力を有する機器を選定し、それらの機器の運転を順次抑制制御する装置と、から成る上記の需要電力制御装置によって達成される。
本発明の上記の目的は又、
電力により断続的に運転される複数の機器の需要時限内の総需要電力が予め定めた限界値以下に保持されるように、上記複数の機器の運転を抑制制御する需要電力制御装置において、
少なくとも一つの機器の電源がオン又はオフされる都度、総需要電力を検知し、当該需要時限内の需要電力の推定値を算出する回路と、
上記需要電力の推定値が算出される都度、現に運転中の複数の機器の中から電源遮断可能な状態にあるものを選別、記録すると共に、電源遮断可能な状態にある機器のについて、少なくとも各機器の重要度とオンとなってからの経過時間とによって定められる、電源を遮断したときの弊害の少なさを示す遮断許容度順のリストを作成し、総需要電力の推定値が予め上記限界値より低いレベルに定められた警報レベルに達したときは、そのとき作成されている上記機器の遮断許容度順のリストの上位に記載された機器の中から、抑制すべき需要電力に見合う需要電力を有する機器を選定し、それらの機器の運転を順次抑制制御する装置と、から成る上記の需要電力制御装置によって達成される。
【0007】
而して、叙上の本発明の目的は、上記の需要電力制御装置を運転するに当たって、総需要電力の検知を需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に行い、各周期t毎に得られたサンプル測定値を当該需要時限内の総需要電力に換算し、その換算値に基づいて、機器の抑制運転制御を行うよう構成することによってより一層確実に達成される。
又更に、本発明の目的は、上記の需要電力制御装置を運転するに当たって、総需要電力の検知を需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に行い、各周期t毎に過去の一定期間Tにおける総需要電力の移動平均値を算出し、その移動平均値に基づいて、機器の抑制運転制御を行うよう構成することによってより一層確実に達成される。
【0008】
更に又、本発明の目的は、総需要電力の検知を需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に行い、各需要時限内で、逐次得られる上記総需要電力の検知データに基づいて、当該需要時限における総需要電力の予測値を計算し、その予測値に基づいて、機器の抑制運転制御を行うことによって達成される。
【0009】
本発明の目的は、更に、
電力により断続的に運転される複数の機器の総需要電力が予め定めた限界値以下に保持されるように、上記複数の機器の運転を抑制制御する需要電力制御装置において、
少なくとも一つの機器の電源がオン又はオフされる都度、総需要電力を検知し、当該需要時限内の需要電力の推定値を算出する回路と、
現に運転中の複数の機器の中から電源遮断可能な状態にあるものを選別、記録すると共に、電源遮断可能な状態にある機器の遮断許容度順のリストを作成し、総需要電力が予め上記限界値より低いレベルに定められた警報レベルに達したときは、上記リストに基づいて、機器の運転を順次抑制制御する装置と、から成る上記の需要電力制御装置によって達成される。
【0010】
而して、上記の需要電力制御装置においては、総需要電力の検知が行われる都度、過去の一定期間Tにおける総需要電力の移動平均値を算出し、その移動平均値を当該需要時限内の需要電力推定値として、機器の抑制運転制御を行うことが望ましい。
又更に, 上記の需要電力制御装置においては、総需要電力の検知が行われる都度、各需要時限内で、逐次得られた上記総需要電力の検知データに基づいて、当該需要時限における総需要電力の推定値を計算し、推定予測値に基づいて、機器の抑制運転制御を行うことが推奨される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面により本発明の詳細を説明する。
図1は本発明に係る需要電力制御装置の作動を示すフローチャート、図2は図1に示した装置の構成を示すブロック図、図3は需要電力の変動の一例を示すグラフである。
【0012】
先ず、 に就いて説明する。
図中、1はワットアワーメーター、、2はデマンドメーター、3はパルス検出器、4は数値変換部、5は制御表示部、6は演算制御部、7は制御信号出力部、8は制御される機器、9は機器運転状態記録部である。
パルス検出器3は、デマンドメーター2からのパルスを受信し、所定の周期t毎にそのパルスレートからその時点の総需要電力量(VA)計算し、そのデータを数値変換部4に入力し、順次記録させる。この周期tは需要時限である30分より十分短い時間例えば1秒又は10秒などとすることが推奨される。
【0013】
数値変換部4は、それに記録された需要電力データに基づいて、制御に必要なデータを算出し、演算制御部6に伝達する。
演算制御部6は、機器運転状態記録部9から得たデータにより、現在主電源がオンとなっている稼働中の機器を選び出し、上記の諸条件を考慮しつつ、それらの機器を遮断許容度順に排列した機器リストを作成する。
ここで遮断許容度とは、当該機器の主電源を遮断したときの弊害の少なさを言うものである。これらの機器のうち、比較的重要度の低いものや、主電源がオンとなり運転を開始してからその時点までの間に既に相当の時間を経過したものは、遮断許容度が高く、その逆のものは許容度が低いものである。
【0014】
演算制御部6は数値変換部4から受け入れた需要電力データに基づき、当該需要時限内の需要電力量が限界値を超えないようにするために、必要に応じて上記機器リストの中から高順位のものを選んでその主電源をオフとする。
その制御の状態は操作表示部5のパネルに表示される。
【0015】
機器8は、例えば多数の空調機や冷凍機、冷蔵ショーケース等のコンプレッサー、エスカレーターやエレベーター、揚水ポンプなどのモーターその他の機器8−1、8−2、…、8−i、…8−nから成る。これらの機器8−iの運転状態は逐一、機器運転状態記録部9に記録され、それらのデータは演算制御部6に送られる。
【0016】
これらの機器8−iは、不定期に間欠運転されるものであるが、ここでは説明を簡略にするため、特に断らない限り、それらのオンオフは図3に示す如く前記の周期t毎に行われるものとする。実際には、これらの機器のオンオフは周期tの中間でも随時発生するものであるが、そのようにすると説明が煩雑となるのでこのように限定して説明する。尚このように限定しても周期tが充分に短ければ何等差し支えなく、本発明の本質が損なわれることはない。
図3には、機器の変動例が示されている。図の横軸は時間軸であり、縦軸は機器の合計需要電力量を示している。
【0017】
而して、これらの機器8−iの運転については、多くの条件が課せられている。例えば、あるものは常時最優先で運転されなければならず、又、他のあるものは起動後は一定時間経過するまでは運転の停止ができず、停止後は一定時間が経過しない限り再起動し得ない。更に又、あるものは復帰又は停止する前に一定の助走期間を必要とし、更に他のものは特定の条件下でなければ起動又は停止が許されない。そして、あるものは主電源がオフとされた後の待機運転時にも尚相当の電力を必要とする。又、余り長時間に渡り厳しい制限をすると、その反動で後に大きなリバウンドが発生する。
そして又、機器の起動と停止は時々刻々に予告なく発生する。そのため、本発明装置によって需要電力を一定のレベルに限定するため、幾つかの機器の運転が抑制されたとしても、同時にそれらの機器とは別の機器が作動を停止したり、又逆に復帰したりするから、需要電力は必ずしも所期の値にはならない。
【0018】
一方、これらの機器の運転が集中するときは、総需要電力を一定の限界内に保持するためには、幾つかの機器の運転を中断する必要があるが、そのような場合上記の諸条件が考慮されなければならず、又、運転の規制が特定の機器に集中し長時間その運転が中断されるような事は避けなければならない。
【0019】
本発明の終局的目標は、総ての需要時限において、需要電力が目標値以下となるように機器の運転を制御することである。
而して、
そのため、需要電力のサンプリングの方法や、一つの需要時限の中途において当該時限内の総需要電力を推定する方法、作動を停止させる機器の選定方法には様々なものが考えられる。
今、図3を用いて幾つかの方法を説明する。
図3には、縦軸に100KWの契約需要電力と、70、80及び90KWの第1警報ライン、第2警報ライン及び第三警報ライン、並びに、120KWのカットオフラインが示されており、横軸にはそれぞれ周期tを隔てて総需要電力量のサンプルタイムt−6 、t−5、…t−1、t、t、t、……、t が示されている。又、図中、TD0、TD1、…は需要時限である。
【0020】
而して、本発明においては、総ての需要時限TDiにおいて、需要電力量が一定の限界値以下に制限されなければならない。このため、出来るだけ早い時期に現需要時限内の需要電力量の推移をチェックし、機器の運転制限の要否を察知し、運転制限の必要が認められたときは早期に抑制制御を開始することが望ましい。
現需要時限内の需要電力量を推測する方法としては、例えば、ある一つの需要時限TDi内における需要電力量を推定するため、過去の各サンプルタイムt−6、t−5、…t−1、t、t、t、……、t において順次記録された需要電力量のサンプル値に基づき、過去の一定期間Tにおける総需要電力の移動平均値を順次算出し、それらの値を用いることが考えられる。
【0021】
そのような移動平均値に基づいて機器の運転制御を行うときは、上記一定時間Tを需要時限である30分としておくことが推奨される。このようにすると、各需要時限の終了する時点で、この移動平均値がその需要時限の総需要電力となるからである。
このようにして、上記移動平均値が常に一定の警報レベル以下となるように各機器の運転を抑制すれば、各デマンド期間内の需要電力が上記警報レベルを超えることがない。
【0022】
需要電力を推定する他の方法としては、例えば、各デマンド時間の中で、各サンプルタイムt−6、t−5、…t−1、t、t、t……、tにおいて、順次得られるサンプルデータを積分して、その積分値を用いることも考えられる。
又、これらのサンプルデータを逐次積算し、更に最後に得られたサンプルデータが当該デマンド期間中持続すると仮定し、加算して、得られた値を用いることも可能である。
【0023】
次に、作動を停止する機器の決定方法であるが、これは、原則として上記順位リストの上位から選ぶが、必ずしもそれに固執することはない。
一般的にいえば、抑制すべき需要電力量に見合った需要電力の機器を選定することが望ましい。作動を抑制する機器の需要電力は、総需要電力の抑制に必要にして充分な量であることが望ましい。
望ましくは、複数の警報レベル、例えば、順次高度となるように、第1警報レベル、第2警報レベル及び第3警報レベルを設け、需要電力が第1警報レベルに達したときは軽度の規制を行い、第2警報レベル、第3警報レベルになるのに応じて順次中程度、強度の規制を行うようにすることも推奨されるものである。
【0024】
又、機器作動を停止させる場合、特定の機器が長時間作動を停止せしめられることは適切でない、一つの機器が作動を停止する時間は数分ないし十数分程度とし、予定時間が経過後は他の機器に切り替えるようにして、なるべく多数の機器を輪番的に停止させることが望ましい。
【0025】
尚、上記には必要に応じて機器の作動を抑制制御することのみを述べたが、需要電力にレベルが低いときに、停止している機器を作動させ、例えば冷房エネルギー等を貯え得るよう構成し、需要電力が増大したときの機器の抑制余力を確保することもある。
【0026】
而して、叙上の制御は完全に無人で、自動的にかつ確実に実行される
本発明は上記の実施例に限定されるものではなく、例えば、需要時限中の需要電力の推定方法や、作動を抑制する機器の選定方法などは、本発明の目的の範囲内で自由に設計変更できるものであり、本発明は上記の説明から当業者が容易に想到し得る総ての変更例を包摂するものである。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明は叙上の如く構成されるから、本発明によるときは多くの機器の総需要電力が所望の最大限界を超えることがないように、完全に無人で自動、かつ確実に制御し得るものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る需要電力制御装置の作動を説明するフローチャートである。
【図2】図1に示した装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図3】需要電力の変動例を示すグラフである。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a demand power control device, and more particularly to a device that controls the operation of equipment so that demand power does not exceed a predetermined contracted amount.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, when a large power supply contract is made, a so-called “demand contract” in which a basic charge is determined by the maximum demand power (demand power, AV) is performed.
This “demand contract” refers to checking the demand power every 30 minutes for the past 12 months including the current month, converting the maximum value per hour, and converting the demand power amount to the contract power amount (basic rate). ). For this reason, if the demand power increases for 30 minutes or more for some reason, the basic contract fee increases for the next one year.
[0003]
This was determined from the viewpoint that even if the effective power consumed is the same, when the peak value of the load is high or the power factor is low, the power company needs more equipment. However, when a large number of asynchronously operated devices such as a compressor of an air conditioner are operated in parallel, it is necessary to manage the operation so that devices operating at the same time are not concentrated.
Therefore, in a business establishment or the like that drives a plurality of devices, the operation of the devices may be sequence-controlled according to a fixed schedule. However, flexible and rational control is not possible with such a method.
[0004]
Also, monitors signals from the demand meter compares the preset target value of the total power demand, and a value predicted from the use state, the actual total power demand approaches the contracted power demand time period ( When the target value is likely to be exceeded within 0 to 30 minutes and between 30 and 60 minutes every hour, the first alarm, the second alarm and the third alarm are sequentially transmitted according to the situation. Finally, a system for emergency power cutoff is provided. However, this device has a problem that when an alarm is issued, the staff in charge must deal with the situation while observing the operation status of the device, which causes a great confusion when the staff is absent.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a demand management device capable of smooth and rational unmanned control, that is, a maximum demand power management device. .
[0006]
[Means to solve the problem]
The above object of the present invention is to
In a demand power control device that suppresses and controls the operation of the plurality of devices, such that a plurality of devices that are operated intermittently by electric power are maintained at or below a predetermined limit value in a demand time limit.
For each cycle t sufficiently shorter than the demand time period, a circuit that detects the total demand power and calculates an estimated value of the demand power within the demand time period,
Each time the estimated value of the demand power is calculated, the devices that are in a power-off state are selected and recorded from among a plurality of devices that are currently operating, and at least each of the devices that are in a power-off state is A list is created in the order of the cutoff tolerance, which is determined by the importance of the device and the elapsed time since the device was turned on, and shows the minimum adverse effect when the power is turned off. When the alarm level set to a level lower than the value is reached, the demand that matches the demand power to be suppressed is selected from the devices listed at the top of the list of the devices that are created at that time and in the order of the shutdown tolerance. And a device for selecting devices having electric power and sequentially suppressing and controlling the operation of those devices.
The above object of the present invention also provides
In a demand power control device that suppresses and controls the operation of the plurality of devices, so that the total demand power within a demand time period of the plurality of devices that are intermittently operated by the power is kept equal to or less than a predetermined limit value.
Each time the power of at least one device is turned on or off, a circuit that detects the total demand power and calculates an estimated value of the demand power within the demand time period,
Each time the estimated value of the power demand is calculated, the devices that are in a power-off state are selected and recorded from among a plurality of currently operating devices, and at least each of the devices that are in a power-off state is Create a list in the order of the cutoff tolerance, which indicates the least harmful effect when the power is turned off, which is determined by the importance of the device and the elapsed time since the device was turned on. When the alarm level set to a level lower than the value is reached, the demand that matches the demand power to be suppressed is selected from the devices listed at the top of the list of the devices that are created at that time and in the order of the shutdown tolerance. And a device for selecting devices having electric power and sequentially suppressing and controlling the operation of those devices.
[0007]
Thus, the object of the present invention described above is to detect the total demand power at every cycle t sufficiently shorter than the demand time period when operating the above demand power control apparatus, and to obtain the demand at each cycle t. This is more reliably achieved by converting the sample measurement value to the total demand power within the demand time period and performing the suppression operation control of the device based on the conversion value.
Still another object of the present invention is to detect the total power demand at every cycle t that is sufficiently shorter than the demand time period when operating the above demand power control apparatus, and at every cycle t, the total demand power during the past certain period T is determined. This is more reliably achieved by calculating the moving average value of the demand power and performing the suppression operation control of the device based on the moving average value.
[0008]
Still another object of the present invention is to perform detection of the total demand power at every cycle t that is sufficiently shorter than the demand time period, and within each demand time period, based on the total demand power detection data sequentially obtained, Is calculated by calculating the predicted value of the total demand power in the above, and performing the suppression operation control of the device based on the predicted value.
[0009]
The object of the present invention is further
In a demand power control device that suppresses and controls the operation of the plurality of devices, so that the total demand power of the plurality of devices that are operated intermittently by the power is maintained at or below a predetermined limit value.
Each time the power of at least one device is turned on or off, a circuit that detects the total demand power and calculates an estimated value of the demand power within the demand time period,
The devices that are in a power-off state are selected and recorded from among a plurality of currently operating devices, and a list of devices in a power-off-enabled state is created in the order of shutdown tolerance, and the total demand power is When the alarm level set to a level lower than the limit value is reached, the above-mentioned demand power control device is constituted by: a device for sequentially suppressing and controlling the operation of the device based on the list.
[0010]
Thus, in the above demand power control device, every time the total demand power is detected, a moving average value of the total demand power in the past certain period T is calculated, and the moving average value within the demand time period is calculated. It is desirable to perform the suppression operation control of the device as the estimated power demand.
Further, in the above demand power control device, each time the total demand power is detected, the total demand power in the demand time period is determined based on the total demand power detection data sequentially obtained within each demand time period. It is recommended to calculate an estimated value of and to perform the suppressed operation control of the device based on the estimated predicted value.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the operation of the demand power control device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a change in demand power.
[0012]
First, FIG. 2 will be described.
In the figure, 1 is a watt-hour meter, 2 is a demand meter, 3 is a pulse detector, 4 is a numerical converter, 5 is a control display unit, 6 is an arithmetic control unit, 7 is a control signal output unit, and 8 is controlled. Reference numeral 9 denotes a device operation state recording unit.
The pulse detector 3 receives the pulse from the demand meter 2, calculates the total power demand (VA) at that time from the pulse rate at every predetermined period t, inputs the data to the numerical value conversion unit 4, Record sequentially. It is recommended that this cycle t be a time sufficiently shorter than the demand time limit of 30 minutes, for example, 1 second or 10 seconds.
[0013]
The numerical conversion unit 4 calculates data necessary for control based on the demand power data recorded therein, and transmits the data to the arithmetic control unit 6.
Based on the data obtained from the device operation state recording unit 9, the arithmetic control unit 6 selects operating devices whose main power is currently on, and shuts down those devices while taking the above-mentioned conditions into consideration. Create a device list arranged in order.
Here, the cut-off tolerance refers to a small adverse effect when the main power of the device is cut off. Among these devices, those with relatively low importance or those that have already passed a considerable time from the time when the main power was turned on and started operation have a high tolerance for shutoff, and vice versa. Are those with low tolerance.
[0014]
Based on the demand power data received from the numerical conversion unit 4, the arithmetic control unit 6 performs a high-ranking order from the device list as necessary to prevent the demand power amount within the demand time period from exceeding the limit value. And turn off its main power.
The state of the control is displayed on the panel of the operation display unit 5.
[0015]
The devices 8 include, for example, many air conditioners, refrigerators, compressors such as refrigerated showcases, motors such as escalators, elevators, pumps, and other devices 8-1, 8-2,..., 8-i,. Consists of The operating states of these devices 8-i are recorded one by one in the device operating state recording unit 9, and their data are sent to the arithmetic and control unit 6.
[0016]
These devices 8-i are operated intermittently on an irregular basis. However, here, for simplicity of explanation, unless otherwise specified, they are turned on and off at each cycle t as shown in FIG. Shall be Actually, these devices are turned on and off as needed even in the middle of the cycle t. However, if such a configuration is used, the description becomes complicated. It should be noted that even if the period t is limited in this way, there is no problem if the period t is sufficiently short, and the essence of the present invention is not impaired.
FIG. 3 shows an example of device fluctuation. The horizontal axis in the figure is the time axis, and the vertical axis indicates the total power demand of the device.
[0017]
Thus, many conditions are imposed on the operation of these devices 8-i. For example, some must always be operated with the highest priority, while others cannot be stopped until a certain period of time has elapsed after starting, and restarted after a certain period of time after stopping. I can't. Furthermore, some require a certain run-in period before returning or stopping, while others cannot be started or stopped under certain conditions. Some still require considerable power during standby operation after the main power is turned off. If a severe restriction is imposed for an excessively long time, a large rebound will be generated later due to the reaction.
In addition, the start and stop of the device occur every moment without notice. Therefore, in order to limit the required power to a certain level by the device of the present invention, even if the operation of some devices is suppressed, at the same time, the devices other than those devices stop operating, or conversely return. Therefore, the required power is not always the expected value.
[0018]
On the other hand, when the operation of these devices is concentrated, it is necessary to suspend the operation of some devices in order to keep the total demand power within a certain limit. It must be taken into account, and it must be avoided that the operation regulation is concentrated on a specific device and the operation is suspended for a long time.
[0019]
The ultimate goal of the present invention is to control the operation of the equipment such that the demand power is less than or equal to the target value in all demand time periods.
Thus,
Therefore, various methods are conceivable as a method of sampling the demand power, a method of estimating the total demand power within a single demand time period, and a method of selecting a device whose operation is stopped.
Now, some methods will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 3, the vertical axis shows the contract demand power of 100 KW, the first alarm line, the second alarm line and the third alarm line of 70, 80 and 90 KW, and the cut-off line of 120 KW. Is a sample time t −6 of the total power demand at intervals of t. , T -5, ... t -1, t 0, t 1, t 2, ......, t 6 It is shown. In the figure, T D0 , T D1 ,... Are demand time periods.
[0020]
Thus, in the present invention, the power demand must be limited to a certain limit value or less in all the demand time periods TDi . For this reason, the transition of the demand power amount within the current demand time period is checked as soon as possible, the necessity of the operation restriction of the equipment is detected, and when the necessity of the operation restriction is recognized, the suppression control is started early. It is desirable.
As a method of estimating a power demand amount in the current demand time period, for example, to estimate the demand power amount at a single demand in the timed T Di, past each sample time t -6, t -5, ... t - 1, t 0, t 1, t 2, ......, t 6 It is conceivable to sequentially calculate the moving average value of the total demand power in the past certain period T based on the sample values of the demand power amount sequentially recorded in the above, and use those values.
[0021]
When the operation control of the device is performed based on such a moving average value, it is recommended that the above-mentioned fixed time T be set to a demand time period of 30 minutes. In this way, at the end of each demand time period, this moving average value becomes the total power demand of the demand time period.
In this way, if the operation of each device is suppressed so that the moving average value is always equal to or lower than the certain alarm level, the demand power within each demand period does not exceed the alarm level.
[0022]
Other methods of estimating the power demand, for example, in each demand time, each sample time t -6, t -5, ... t -1, t 0, t 1, t 2 ......, at t 6 It is also conceivable to integrate sequentially obtained sample data and use the integrated value.
It is also possible to sequentially accumulate these sample data, further assume that the last sample data obtained lasts during the demand period, add, and use the obtained value.
[0023]
Next, a method of determining a device to be stopped is selected. In principle, the device is selected from the top of the ranking list, but does not always adhere to it.
Generally speaking, it is desirable to select equipment with demand power that matches the power demand to be suppressed. It is desirable that the power demand of the device whose operation is to be suppressed be an amount necessary and sufficient for suppressing the total power demand.
Desirably, a plurality of alarm levels, for example, a first alarm level, a second alarm level, and a third alarm level are provided so as to sequentially increase the altitude, and when the demand power reaches the first alarm level, a light regulation is performed. It is also recommended that the control be performed such that the intensity is regulated to a medium level sequentially as the second and third alarm levels are reached.
[0024]
In addition, when stopping the operation of equipment, it is not appropriate to stop the operation of a specific equipment for a long time.The time to stop the operation of one equipment shall be several minutes to about ten minutes, and after the scheduled time has elapsed, It is desirable to rotate as many devices as possible so as to switch to another device.
[0025]
In the above, only the control of the operation of the equipment is described as necessary.However, when the level of the demand power is low, the stopped equipment is operated to store, for example, cooling energy. However, there is also a case where a margin for suppressing the equipment when the demand power increases is secured.
[0026]
Thus, the above control is completely unattended, performed automatically and reliably .
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, a method of estimating power demand during a demand time period and a method of selecting a device that suppresses operation are freely designed within the scope of the present invention. Modifications can be made, and the present invention covers all modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art from the above description.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, according to the present invention, it can be completely unmanned, automatically, and reliably controlled so that the total power demand of many devices does not exceed a desired maximum limit. It is.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a demand power control device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the device shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a change in demand power.

Claims (7)

電力により断続的に運転される複数の機器の、総需要電力が予め定めた限界値以下に保持されるように、上記複数の機器の運転を抑制制御する需要電力制御装置において、
需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に、総需要電力を検知し、当該需要時限内の需要電力の推定値を算出する回路と、
上記需要電力の推定値が算出される都度、現に運転中の複数の機器の中から電源遮断可能な状態にあるものを選別、記録し、その記録に基づいてそれら電源遮断可能な状態にある機器について、少なくとも各機器の重要度とオンとなってからの経過時間とによって定められる、電源を遮断したときの弊害の少なさを示す遮断許容度順のリストを作成し、
上記総需要電力の推定値が予め上記限界値より低いレベルに定められた警報レベルに達したときは、そのとき作成されている上記遮断許容度順のリストの上位に記載された機器の中から、抑制すべき需要電力に見合う需要電力を有する機器を選定し、それらの機器の運転を順次抑制制御する装置と、から成る上記の需要電力制御装置。
In a demand power control device that suppresses and controls the operation of the plurality of devices, such that the total demand power of the plurality of devices that are intermittently operated by the power is kept equal to or less than a predetermined limit value.
A circuit for detecting the total power demand and calculating an estimated value of the power demand within the demand time period, for each cycle t sufficiently shorter than the demand time period;
Each time the estimated value of the power demand is calculated, the devices that are in a power-off state are selected and recorded from among a plurality of devices that are currently operating, and the devices that are in a power-off state based on the record are selected and recorded. For, about at least the degree of importance of each device and the elapsed time since it was turned on , create a list in the order of the cutoff tolerance indicating the less adverse effect when the power is turned off ,
When the estimated value of the total demand power reaches the alarm level set in advance to a level lower than the limit value, from among the devices listed at the top of the list in the order of the cutoff allowance created at that time. A device that selects devices having demand powers corresponding to the demand power to be suppressed, and sequentially controls and suppresses the operation of those devices.
総需要電力の検知が所定の需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に行われ、各周期t毎に得られたサンプル値を需要時限内の総需要電力に換算し、その換算値を当該需要時限内の需要電力推定値とする、請求項1に記載の需要電力制御装置。The detection of the total demand power is performed at every cycle t that is sufficiently shorter than the predetermined demand time period, and the sample value obtained at each cycle t is converted into the total demand power within the demand time period, and the converted value is converted to the demand time period. 2. The demand power control device according to claim 1, wherein the demand power control value is an estimated demand power value. 総需要電力の検知が所定の需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に行われ、各周期t毎に、過去の一定期間Tにおける総需要電力の移動平均値を算出し、その移動平均値を当該需要時限内の需要電力推定値とする、請求項1に記載の需要電力制御装置。The detection of the total demand power is performed at every cycle t that is sufficiently shorter than the predetermined demand time period, and at each cycle t, a moving average value of the total demand power in the past fixed period T is calculated, and the moving average value is calculated. 2. The power demand control device according to claim 1, wherein the power demand estimation value is within a demand time period. 総需要電力の検知が需要時限より充分に短い周期t毎に行われ、各需要時限内で逐次得られる上記総需要電力の検知データに基づいて、当該需要時限内における総需要電力の予測値を計算し、その予測値を当該需要時限内の需要電力推定値とする、請求項1に記載の需要電力制御装置。The detection of the total demand power is performed at every cycle t that is sufficiently shorter than the demand time period, and based on the detection data of the total demand power sequentially obtained within each demand time period, the predicted value of the total demand power within the demand time period is calculated. 2. The demand power control device according to claim 1, wherein the demand power control device calculates the demand value and sets the predicted value as a demand power estimated value within the demand time period. 電力により断続的に運転される複数の機器の総需要電力が予め定めた限界値以下に保持されるように、上記複数の機器の運転を抑制制御する需要電力制御装置において、
少なくとも一つの機器の電源がオン又はオフされる都度、総需要電力を検知し、需要時限内の需要電力の推定値を算出する回路と、
需要電力の推定値が算出される都度、現に運転中の複数の機器の中から電源遮断可能な状態にあるものを選別、記録すると共に、電源遮断可能な状態にある機器について、少なくとも各機器の重要度とオンとなってからの経過時間とによって定められる、電源を遮断したときの弊害の少なさを示す機器の遮断許容度順のリストを作成し、需要電力の推定値が予め上記限界値より低いレベルに定められた警報レベルに達したときは、そのとき作成されている上記遮断許容度順のリストの上位に記載された機器の中から、抑制すべき需要電力に見合う需要電力を有する機器を選定し、それらの機器の運転を順次抑制制御する装置と、から成る上記の需要電力制御装置。
In a demand power control device that suppresses and controls the operation of the plurality of devices, so that the total demand power of the plurality of devices that are operated intermittently by the power is maintained at or below a predetermined limit value.
Each time the power of at least one device is turned on or off, a circuit that detects the total demand power and calculates an estimated value of the demand power within the demand time period,
Each time the estimated value of the demand power is calculated, the devices that are in a power-off state are selected and recorded from among a plurality of devices that are currently operating , and at least for each device that is in a power-off state, Create a list of equipment shutdown order, which indicates the least harmful effect when the power is turned off, determined by the importance and the time elapsed since the power was turned on. When the alarm level set at the lower level is reached , from among the devices listed at the top of the list in the order of the cut-off allowance created at that time , the device has a demand power that matches the demand power to be suppressed. An apparatus for selecting devices and sequentially suppressing and controlling the operation of those devices.
総需要電力の検知が行われる都度、過去の一定期間Tにおける総需要電力の移動平均値を算出し、その移動平均値を当該需要時限内の需要電力推定値とする、請求項5に記載の需要電力制御装置。Each time the detection of the total demand power is performed, a moving average value of the total demand power in the past fixed period T is calculated, and the moving average value is used as the demand power estimation value within the demand time period, according to claim 5, Demand power control device. 総需要電力の検知が行われる都度、各需要時限内で、逐次得られた上記総需要電力の検知データに基づいて、当該需要時限における総需要電力の予測値を計算し、その予測値を当該需要時限内の需要電力推定値とする、請求項5に記載の需要電力制御装置。Each time the detection of the total demand power is performed, within each demand time period, a predicted value of the total demand power in the demand time period is calculated based on the detection data of the total demand power obtained sequentially, and the predicted value is calculated. 6. The power demand control device according to claim 5, wherein the power demand estimation value is within a demand time period.
JP18087398A 1998-06-26 1998-06-26 Power demand controller Expired - Lifetime JP3570610B2 (en)

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