JP3569711B2 - X-ray analysis method - Google Patents

X-ray analysis method Download PDF

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JP3569711B2
JP3569711B2 JP10469696A JP10469696A JP3569711B2 JP 3569711 B2 JP3569711 B2 JP 3569711B2 JP 10469696 A JP10469696 A JP 10469696A JP 10469696 A JP10469696 A JP 10469696A JP 3569711 B2 JP3569711 B2 JP 3569711B2
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sample
ray analysis
support substrate
adhesive tape
ray
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JPH09269304A (en
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井上  稔
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理学電機工業株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、重油、潤滑油、グリース、原油、残渣油など粘性のある石油製品やその他流動物に含まれるナトリウム(Na)やマグネシウム(Mg)およびフッ素(F)などの微量軽元素を分析するとき、好適に使用されるX線分析方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、液状の試料をX線分析する方法として、
(1)分析窓を用いる方法、
(2)濾紙点滴方法、
(3)液状の試料を固化して分析する固化方法、
が知られている。前記第3の固化方法は、本願出願人が先に、特願平6ー339435号において提案した。
【0003】
上記第1の方法は、図5に示すように、上下が開放された筒状のホルダ30を用い、このホルダ30内にPPフィルムやPEフィルムなどのポリマーシート31を挿入し、このシート31内に液状の試料32を装填させる。そして、前記ホルダ30の下方開口部33からシート31に向けて1次X線を照射し、試料32から放射される2次X線を検出する。
【0004】
上記第2の方法は、図6に示すように、吸収性に富む濾紙34を用い、この濾紙34に液状の試料32を滴下させて乾燥させ、真空下で濾紙34に吸着された試料32を同様にしてX線分析する。
【0005】
上記第3の方法は、液状の試料と固化剤を加熱溶解させながら、両者を均一に混合する。続いて、金属板に広げられたフィルム上に金属製リングを置き、その内部に前記混合溶液を流し込んで冷却硬化させる。冷却後、上記フィルムを剥がして、図7で示すように、周囲にリング35が残る固体試料36を形成する。
【0006】
そして、同図のように、上部に開口部37をもつホルダ本体38と、その内部に配置され、コイルばね39により開口部37側に常時付勢された中空カップ40からなる試料ホルダ41を用い、そのカップ40とホルダ本体38の開口部37側との間に、前記固体試料36を、そのフィルムが剥離された均一な面を開口部37から露出させた状態で保持する。この後、前記ホルダ本体38の開口部37から固体試料36を同様にしてX線分析する。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、以上のような各方法は、次のような問題がある。先ず、第1の方法では、ホルダ30内のポリマーシート31により試料32からの2次X線が吸収されて、感度が低下するため、X線分析の精度が低下する。特に、Na以下の軽元素を分析する場合には、軽元素からの2次X線がポリマーシート31で吸収される量が多くなるため、分析が困難となる。
【0008】
第2の方法では、試料32が油性のものや高粘度の場合、この試料32を濾紙34上に保持するのが困難であり、また、試料32によっては、成分の一部が濾紙34中にしみ込んで試料濃度が変わったり、濃度が部分的に不均一な試料となるので、正確なX線分析が困難になる。
【0009】
第3の方法は、油などの試料の分析には適しているが、試料に含まれた固化剤によって試料が希釈されるので、その分だけ感度が低下する。しかも、試料と固化剤とにより固体試料36を形成したとき、この固体試料36が厚くなるので、試料36からの2次X線に含まれるバックグランド成分が大きくなって、やはりX線分析の精度を低下させる。
【0010】
特に、最近では、重油、潤滑油、グリース、原油、残渣油などの石油製品に含まれる低レベル濃度(ppm単位)のNaを正確に分析することが要求されているが、以上の何れの方法によっても対応できなかった。
【0011】
本発明の目的は、粘性のある石油製品やその他流動物に微量に含まれる各種元素を正確に分析できるX線分析方法を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、流動物からなる試料を、その本体上に粘着テープを取付けてなる支持基板にしみ込ませない状態で、この粘着テープの粘着面に試料を塗布することにより支持基板に保持して、この試料のX線分析を行う。
本発明によれば、流動物からなる試料が支持基板にしみ込まない状態で粘着テープの粘着力により保持されて、X線分析が行われるので、試料濃度が変化したり、また、この試料からの2次X線が吸収されることもなく、試料分析が正確に行われる。このため、石油製品やその他の流動物に含まれる微量軽元素のX線分析に最適となる。
【0013】
さらに、試料が粘性の高い石油製品の場合でも、その他粘性の低い流動物であっても、粘着テープの粘着面への塗布により支持基板に確実に保持される。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明のX線分析方法について具体例を挙げて説明する。
図1は、本発明に使用するX線分析装置を示している。同装置は、一般的に使用されるものであって、装置本体1にX線管2とベリリウム窓3を取付け、内部に試料ホルダ4を設けるとともに、前記本体1の外方には分光結晶5と検出器6を配設している。
【0016】
試料7は、重油や原油など粘性のある流動物からなるもので、この試料7を、支持基板8が持つ粘着力を利用して支持基板8上に保持させ、この支持基板8を前記試料ホルダ4に支持させている。装置本体1内は不純物によるノイズを抑制するためにHeガスで置換されており、この状態でX線管2からの1次X線を試料7に向けて照射し、この試料7からベリリウム窓3を経て放射される2次X線を分光結晶5で分光し、検出器6で検出する。
【0017】
前記支持基板8は、厚み1mm程度のアクリル板からなる本体9の表面に両面粘着テープ10を貼り付けたもので、これによって、支持基板8に粘着力が付加されている。このテープ10の外表面側の粘着面11に前記試料7が塗布されている。前記粘着テープ10は、試料7をしみ込ませない特性を有し、かつ、測定誤差を招かないように、Na,Mg,Fなどの分析対象物を含まないものである。このようなテープ10としては、有機物からなる市販されている種々のテープを使用できる。
【0018】
つぎに、試料の作成方法について説明する。
例えば微量Naを含む試料をX線分析する場合、以上のようにして、試料7を支持基板8に塗布した後、He置換でNa−Kαを測定する。このとき、分析線Na−Kαの臨界厚みは0.003mm以上であるのに対し、前記流動物からなる試料7は、塗布により0.003mm以上の厚みに支持基板8に確実に付着させることができるので、ほぼバルク試料と見なすことができて、厚みによる影響を受けない。また、後で詳述するように、従来の固化方法(試料3;固化剤1の混合比率で固化した場合)と比較し、感度が良好で、バックグランドも低くてS/N比を大きくでき、しかも、試料7を作成するときの再現性も良好である。このため、低レベル濃度のNaを正確に測定できる。
【0019】
しかも、前記支持基板8に取付けた粘着テープ10の粘着面又は支持面に、試料7を塗布するだけの極めて簡単な作業により、この試料7がしみ込んだり外部流出したりすることなく前記支持基板8に確実かつ短時間で保持させることができる。また、前記試料7は、乾燥させることなくX線分析が行える。このため、試料7をX線分析するときの取扱性を簡便かつ良好にできる。
【0020】
さらに、前記支持基板8に対する試料7の塗布量を、支持基板8から滴り落ちない程度に調整することにより、この試料7を下向きにして、下面側から照射する下面照射方式にも使用できる。
【0021】
図3は、縦軸にX線強度(I)を、横軸にNa濃度(W)をとった微量Naを含む試料の検量線(Na−Kα)を示している。同図の直線Aは、厚み1mmのアクリル板9上に粘着テープ10により厚さ0.3mmの試料7を保持し、試料7と支持基板8を合わせた全体厚みを1.3mmとしてX線分析を行った場合の本発明方法による検量線を示し、また、直線Bは、試料3:固化剤1の混合比率で固化し、試料厚みを5mmとしてX線分析を行った場合の従来の固化方法による検量線を比較例として示している。
【0022】
前記検量線A,Bは、
W(Na濃度)=b(感度の逆数)×I(X線強度)+c
の式によって求められる。この式の各項b,cを実験結果に基づく測定値によって求めた結果を次表1に示す。なお、実験は、Naの濃度が異なる4つの試料のそれぞれについて、同一条件で3回ずつ行って、その平均値を求めた。
【0023】
【表1】

Figure 0003569711
【0024】
以上の測定値から得られた図3の直線AおよびBについて比較すると、検量Bは、前述のとおり、その試料の厚みが大となるため、検量線の式中c項、つまりバックグランドが大となり、また、同式中b項、つまり検量線の傾斜角度が大となって感度も低い。これに対し、検量Aは、バックグランド(c項)が小で感度(b項)も良好になることが理解できる。さらに、表1で明らかなように、本発明方法の場合は、従来方法に較べて正確度(σ)も優れている。なお、この正確度 は、各試料の測定値と、これら測定値を直線近似して得られた検量線との差である。
【0025】
なお、上記各実施形態において、例えば石油製品に含まれるNaのX線分時析には、標準試料と分析試料の両方に、Naに近い波長成分のNi,Co,Feなどの元素を添加して、いわゆる内標準をとることが好ましい。このようにすることにより、石油製品からなる試料中の共存元素による影響を低減でき、また、塗布面の不均一性による影響も少なくできる。
【0026】
図4は他の実施形態を示す。同図において、支持基板8に、凸凹をもつ支持面13を形成して、この支持面13に前記試料7を塗布し、試料自身の粘着力で支持面13に保持させている。支持基板8の外周囲は支持面13よりも高く形成されており、これにより、支持面13に塗布された試料7が外部に流出するのを一層確実かつ良好に防止できる。この実施形態も粘着テープを用いた前記実施形態と同一の効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のX線分析方法に使用するX線分析装置の縦断面図である。
【図2】本発明の一実施形態を示す縦断面図である。
【図3】本発明と従来例の比較を示す検量線である。
【図4】同じく他の実施形態を示す縦断面図である。
【図5】第1の従来方法に用いるポリマーシートが設けられたホルダを示す縦断面図である。
【図6】第2の従来方法に用いる油状試料が滴下された濾紙を示す縦断面図である。
【図7】第3の従来方法に用いるホルダを示す縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
7…試料、8…支持基板、10…粘着テープ、11…粘着面。13…支持面[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention analyzes trace light elements such as sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and fluorine (F) contained in viscous petroleum products such as heavy oil, lubricating oil, grease, crude oil, and residual oil, and other fluids. The present invention relates to an X-ray analysis method which is preferably used.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method of X-ray analysis of a liquid sample,
(1) a method using an analysis window,
(2) filter paper drip method,
(3) a solidification method for solidifying and analyzing a liquid sample;
It has been known. The third solidification method was previously proposed by the present applicant in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-339435.
[0003]
In the first method, as shown in FIG. 5, a polymer holder 31 such as a PP film or a PE film is inserted into a cylindrical holder 30 which is opened up and down. Is loaded with a liquid sample 32. Then, primary X-rays are emitted from the lower opening 33 of the holder 30 toward the sheet 31, and secondary X-rays emitted from the sample 32 are detected.
[0004]
According to the second method, as shown in FIG. 6, a liquid sample 32 having a high absorbency is used, a liquid sample 32 is dropped on the filter paper 34 and dried, and the sample 32 adsorbed on the filter paper 34 is removed under vacuum. X-ray analysis is performed in the same manner.
[0005]
In the third method, the liquid sample and the solidifying agent are uniformly mixed while being heated and dissolved. Subsequently, a metal ring is placed on the film spread on the metal plate, and the mixed solution is poured into the metal ring to be cooled and hardened. After cooling, the film is peeled off to form a solid sample 36 with a ring 35 remaining around as shown in FIG.
[0006]
Then, as shown in the figure, a sample holder 41 including a holder main body 38 having an opening 37 at the upper part and a hollow cup 40 disposed therein and constantly urged toward the opening 37 by a coil spring 39 is used. The solid sample 36 is held between the cup 40 and the opening 37 side of the holder main body 38 with the uniform surface from which the film has been peeled off is exposed from the opening 37. Thereafter, the solid sample 36 is similarly subjected to X-ray analysis through the opening 37 of the holder body 38.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, each of the above methods has the following problems. First, in the first method, since the secondary X-rays from the sample 32 are absorbed by the polymer sheet 31 in the holder 30 and the sensitivity is reduced, the accuracy of the X-ray analysis is reduced. In particular, when analyzing a light element of Na or less, the amount of secondary X-rays from the light element absorbed by the polymer sheet 31 increases, which makes analysis difficult.
[0008]
In the second method, when the sample 32 is oily or has a high viscosity, it is difficult to hold the sample 32 on the filter paper 34, and depending on the sample 32, some components are contained in the filter paper 34. The sample concentration changes due to the penetration, or the sample becomes partially non-uniform, which makes accurate X-ray analysis difficult.
[0009]
The third method is suitable for analyzing a sample such as oil, but the sensitivity is reduced correspondingly because the sample is diluted by the solidifying agent contained in the sample. Moreover, when the solid sample 36 is formed by the sample and the solidifying agent, the solid sample 36 becomes thicker, so that the background component contained in the secondary X-rays from the sample 36 becomes larger, and the accuracy of the X-ray analysis is also increased. Lower.
[0010]
In particular, recently, it has been required to accurately analyze low-level concentration (ppm unit) of Na contained in petroleum products such as heavy oil, lubricating oil, grease, crude oil, and residual oil. Could not respond.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray analysis method that can accurately analyze various elements contained in trace amounts in viscous petroleum products and other fluids.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for applying a sample made of a fluid to a pressure-sensitive adhesive surface of an adhesive tape in a state where the sample is not infiltrated into a support substrate having an adhesive tape attached to its main body. X-ray analysis of this sample is performed while holding the sample on a supporting substrate.
According to the present invention, the sample made of the fluid is held by the adhesive force of the adhesive tape in a state where the sample does not penetrate into the supporting substrate, and the X-ray analysis is performed. Therefore, the sample concentration changes, and Sample analysis is performed accurately without absorbing secondary X-rays. Therefore, it is optimal for X-ray analysis of trace light elements contained in petroleum products and other fluids.
[0013]
Furthermore, even if the sample is a highly viscous petroleum product or another fluid having a low viscosity , the sample is securely held on the supporting substrate by being applied to the adhesive surface of the adhesive tape.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the X-ray analysis method of the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
FIG. 1 shows an X-ray analyzer used in the present invention. The apparatus is generally used. An X-ray tube 2 and a beryllium window 3 are mounted on a main body 1 of the apparatus, a sample holder 4 is provided inside, and a spectral crystal 5 is provided outside the main body 1. And a detector 6.
[0016]
Sample 7 is made of a fluid product a viscous heavy oil and crude oil, the sample 7, is held on the supporting substrate 8 by utilizing an adhesive force with the supporting lifting the substrate 8, the sample of this support substrate 8 It is supported by the holder 4. The interior of the apparatus main body 1 is replaced with He gas to suppress noise due to impurities. In this state, primary X-rays from the X-ray tube 2 are irradiated toward the sample 7, and the beryllium window 3 is irradiated from the sample 7. The secondary X-rays radiated through are separated by the spectral crystal 5 and detected by the detector 6.
[0017]
The support substrate 8 is obtained by attaching a double-sided adhesive tape 10 to the surface of a main body 9 made of an acrylic plate having a thickness of about 1 mm, and thereby the adhesive strength is added to the support substrate 8. The sample 7 is applied to the adhesive surface 11 on the outer surface side of the tape 10. The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape 10 has a property of not impregnating the sample 7 and does not include an analyte such as Na, Mg, and F so as not to cause a measurement error. As such a tape 10, various commercially available tapes made of organic substances can be used.
[0018]
Next, a method for preparing a sample will be described.
For example, when X-ray analysis is performed on a sample containing a trace amount of Na, the sample 7 is applied to the supporting substrate 8 as described above, and then Na-Kα is measured by He substitution. At this time, while the critical thickness of the analysis line Na-Kα is 0.003 mm or more, the sample 7 made of the fluid can be surely adhered to the support substrate 8 to a thickness of 0.003 mm or more by coating. As such, it can be regarded as almost a bulk sample and is not affected by thickness. Further, as will be described in detail later, the sensitivity is good, the background is low, and the S / N ratio can be increased as compared with the conventional solidification method (sample 3; solidification with the mixing ratio of solidifying agent 1). Moreover, the reproducibility when preparing the sample 7 is also good. Therefore, low-level Na concentration can be measured accurately.
[0019]
Moreover, the extremely simple work of applying the sample 7 to the adhesive surface or the support surface of the adhesive tape 10 attached to the support substrate 8 prevents the sample 7 from seeping out or flowing out. Can be held reliably and in a short time. The sample 7 can be subjected to X-ray analysis without drying. For this reason, the handleability when performing X-ray analysis on the sample 7 can be simply and favorably improved.
[0020]
Further, by adjusting the amount of application of the sample 7 to the support substrate 8 to such an extent that the sample 7 does not drip from the support substrate 8, the sample 7 can be used in a lower surface irradiation method in which the sample 7 is directed downward and irradiated from the lower surface side.
[0021]
FIG. 3 shows the calibration curve (Na-Kα) of a sample containing trace Na with the X-ray intensity (I) on the vertical axis and the Na concentration (W) on the horizontal axis. The straight line A in the figure indicates that the sample 7 having a thickness of 0.3 mm is held by an adhesive tape 10 on an acrylic plate 9 having a thickness of 1 mm, and the total thickness of the sample 7 and the supporting substrate 8 is set to 1.3 mm. Shows a calibration curve according to the method of the present invention in the case of performing the above-mentioned, and a straight line B is a conventional solidification method in which the solidification is performed at a mixing ratio of the sample 3: the solidifying agent 1 and the X-ray analysis is performed with the sample thickness being 5 mm. Is shown as a comparative example.
[0022]
The calibration curves A and B are
W (Na concentration) = b (reciprocal of sensitivity) × I (X-ray intensity) + c
It is calculated by the following equation. Table 1 below shows the results obtained by calculating the terms b and c of this equation by measured values based on experimental results. The experiment was performed three times under the same conditions for each of the four samples having different Na concentrations, and the average value was obtained.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003569711
[0024]
Comparing the straight lines A and B in FIG. 3 obtained from the above measured values, the calibration B has a large thickness of the sample as described above, and therefore the term c in the equation of the calibration curve, that is, the background is large. In addition, the term b in the equation, that is, the inclination angle of the calibration curve is large, and the sensitivity is low. On the other hand, it can be understood that the calibration A has a small background (c) and a good sensitivity (b). Further, as is apparent from Table 1, the method of the present invention has a higher accuracy (σ) than the conventional method. The accuracy is the difference between the measured values of each sample and a calibration curve obtained by linearly approximating these measured values.
[0025]
In each of the above embodiments, for example, in the X-ray diffraction analysis of Na contained in petroleum products, elements such as Ni, Co, and Fe having wavelength components close to Na are added to both the standard sample and the analysis sample. Therefore, it is preferable to take a so-called internal standard. By doing so, the influence of coexisting elements in a sample made of petroleum products can be reduced, and the influence of non-uniformity of the coated surface can be reduced.
[0026]
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment. In the drawing, a support surface 13 having irregularities is formed on a support substrate 8, the sample 7 is applied to the support surface 13, and the support surface 13 is held on the support surface 13 by the adhesive force of the sample itself. The outer periphery of the support substrate 8 is formed higher than the support surface 13, so that the sample 7 applied to the support surface 13 can be more reliably and well prevented from flowing out. This embodiment also has the same effect as the embodiment using the adhesive tape.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an X-ray analyzer used for the X-ray analysis method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a calibration curve showing a comparison between the present invention and a conventional example.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a holder provided with a polymer sheet used in the first conventional method.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a filter paper to which an oily sample used in a second conventional method is dropped.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a holder used in a third conventional method.
[Explanation of symbols]
7: sample, 8: support substrate, 10: adhesive tape, 11: adhesive surface. 13 ... Support surface

Claims (1)

流動物からなる試料を、その本体上に粘着テープを取付けてなる支持基板にしみ込ませない状態で、この粘着テープの粘着面に前記試料を塗布することにより前記支持基板に保持し、
前記試料に1次X線を照射して、この試料からの2次X線を分析するX線分析方法。
A sample made of a fluid is held on the support substrate by applying the sample to an adhesive surface of the adhesive tape in a state where the sample is not infiltrated into a support substrate having an adhesive tape attached to its main body ,
An X-ray analysis method of irradiating the sample with primary X-rays and analyzing secondary X-rays from the sample.
JP10469696A 1996-04-01 1996-04-01 X-ray analysis method Expired - Lifetime JP3569711B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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JP3569711B2 true JP3569711B2 (en) 2004-09-29

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3962075B2 (en) * 2003-08-27 2007-08-22 理学電機工業株式会社 X-ray fluorescence analyzer
JP6517002B2 (en) * 2014-11-07 2019-05-22 三菱重工業株式会社 Device and method for detecting metal oxide in waste liquid

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