JP3562533B2 - Spark plug for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Spark plug for internal combustion engine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3562533B2
JP3562533B2 JP20273494A JP20273494A JP3562533B2 JP 3562533 B2 JP3562533 B2 JP 3562533B2 JP 20273494 A JP20273494 A JP 20273494A JP 20273494 A JP20273494 A JP 20273494A JP 3562533 B2 JP3562533 B2 JP 3562533B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
noble metal
metal member
spark plug
center electrode
ground electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP20273494A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0845643A (en
Inventor
啓二 金生
県司 堀部
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Denso Corp
Original Assignee
Denso Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Denso Corp filed Critical Denso Corp
Priority to JP20273494A priority Critical patent/JP3562533B2/en
Publication of JPH0845643A publication Critical patent/JPH0845643A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3562533B2 publication Critical patent/JP3562533B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は,内燃機関用スパークプラグ,特にその中心電極に設ける貴金属部材に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
現在自動車等に使用される内燃機関においては,環境問題,地球資源の観点より一層の省エネルギーが叫ばれており,燃費の低減が進められている。その手段として高圧縮化,希薄混合気によるリーンバーン化等が行われている。しかし,これにより,スパークプラグの火花ギャップにおける飛火電圧が上昇する。そのため電極の消耗を極力抑制すべく,耐消耗性に優れた白金等の貴金属部材を配置したスパークプラグが多数提案されている。
【0003】
その中にあって,着火性向上の観点より内燃機関の燃焼室内へ中心電極の先端部を長く突出するよう設定されたスパークプラグがある(後述する図3参照)。このスパークプラグの中心電極は,加熱されやすく放熱作用も悪化するため,その電極温度が高くなり電極消耗が多くなる。そのため,中心電極の先端部の側面の外周に耐消耗性に優れた貴金属部材を設け,該貴金属部材に複数の接地電極を対峙させたスパークプラグが提案されている(特公昭62−31797号)。
【0004】
このスパークプラグは,中心電極の先端部に穴付き円板の貴金属部材を乗せると共にこれらを全面的に電気溶接し,その後その外径を径小となるように絞り加工することにより,貴金属部材を中心電極の先端部に固定させたものである。このスパークプラグにおいては,貴金属部材と中心電極とを電気溶接して,絞り加工しているので,貴金属部材を中心電極に対して全面にわたり接合固定できる。
【0005】
【解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら,上記従来のスパークプラグにおいては,上記中心電極と貴金属部材とは異なる線膨張係数を有するため,内燃機関の燃焼時の温度変化により,両者の接合界面に繰り返し熱応力が生ずる。特に,貴金属部材は高価なため,その厚みを薄くしている。そのため,貴金属部材が繰り返し熱応力によって疲労破壊を引き起こし,スパークプラグの耐久寿命を著しく低下させる。
【0006】
そこで,この不具合を回避するため,貴金属部材にニッケル(Ni)を添加して中心電極と貴金属部材との線膨張係数の差を小さくする手段も取られている。しかし,このNi添加量を多くすると貴金属部材の耐消耗性が悪化するため,Niはせいぜい25重量%程度しか添加できない。
【0007】
本発明はかかる従来の問題点に鑑み,貴金属部材の疲労破壊を防止できると共に,貴金属部材の耐消耗性を向上させることができる,耐久性に優れた内燃機関用スパークプラグを提供しようとするものである。
【0008】
【課題の解決手段】
本発明は,接地電極を設けた金属ハウジングと,該金属ハウジング内に挿入固定した絶縁碍子と,該絶縁碍子にその基部が埋め込まれて先端部が突出している中心電極とを有し,上記中心電極の先端部と上記接地電極との間には火花ギャップを形成してなる内燃機関用スパークプラグにおいて,
上記中心電極の上記先端部にはその外周に環状の貴金属部材を嵌合すると共に,両者間を局部的に固定する溶接固定部を設け,
該溶接固定部の形成は上記接地電極の放電面と直接対峙しない部分に設けてあり,
また,上記貴金属部材の結晶組織は,接地電極の放電面と対峙する方向に積層された偏平な偏平結晶粒よりなり,かつ該偏平結晶粒の長径をd,偏平結晶粒の厚さをtとしたとき,t/d≦0.3の関係にあることを特徴とする内燃機関用スパークプラグにある。
【0009】
本発明において最も注目すべきことは,中心電極の先端部の外周に環状に貴金属部材を嵌合すると共に両者を局部的に溶接固定部したこと,及び上記貴金属部材の偏平結晶粒における長径dと厚みtとの関係を,t/d≦0.3としたことである。
【0010】
上記貴金属部材は,円環状,円筒状,或いは多角環状,多角筒状等の環状形を有する。中心電極の先端部の形状は,この貴金属部材を嵌合できる形状,大きさを有する。そして,先端部と貴金属部材とは,その接触部分の全面でなく,局部的に溶接固定部されている。また,局部的な溶接固定部の形成は,接地電極の放電面と直接対峙しない部分に設ける(図1,図6〜図8)。これにより,溶接固定部分の火花消耗,酸化腐食を防止することができる。
【0011】
上記貴金属部材としては,Pt(白金)−Ni(ニッケル),Pt−Ir(イリジウム)−Ni,Pt−Irなどがある。
また,この貴金属部材の結晶組織は,接地電極の放電面と対峙する方向に積層された,偏平な偏平結晶粒よりなる。かかる偏平結晶粒は,上記貴金属部材を圧延することにより得られる。
【0012】
また,上記偏平結晶粒はその長径d(μm)と厚さt(μm)との間に,t/d≦0.3の関係を有することが必要である。t/dが0.3よりも大きくなると,放電時に生ずる粒界の酸化腐食が早く進行し,更に偏平結晶粒の溶解,消失,脱落を生ずるおそれがある。
上記偏平結晶粒は,実施例に示すごとく,略楕円形状の薄板であり,その楕円形状の長い方の直径を上記長径dとする。
【0013】
また,中心電極の先端部と貴金属部材との間に局部的な溶接固定部を形成する方法としては,レーザー,電子ビームなど局部的に狭い範囲を溶接することができる手段を用いる。特に,レーザー,電子ビームによる溶接は所望する小さい局部的部分に,溶接固定部を形成でき,かつエネルギー投入時間も制御できるため,溶接固定部に近接する貴金属部材の組織の粗大化を防止できる。
【0014】
また,上記中心電極は,ニッケル基合金を用いることが好ましい。これにより,中心電極自体の耐消耗性も向上できる。
かかるニッケル基合金としては,例えばCr15%,Fe8%を含むニッケル高クロム合金(インコネル系),Cr1〜6%を含むニッケル低クロム合金などがある。
【0015】
【作用及び効果】
本発明のスパークプラグにおいては,中心電極の先端部の外周に上記貴金属部材を嵌め込む構成とし,かつ両者間には局部的に溶接固定部を有しているのみである。そして,溶接固定部は中心電極と貴金属部材とが溶け合った合金状態にあり,両者の線膨張係数に近似した線膨張係数を有すると共に局部的接合である。そのため,内燃機関の燃焼時の温度変化により,中心電極及び貴金属部材が膨張,収縮を繰り返しても,両者はそれぞれ自由に膨張,収縮し,両者間に生ずる熱応力は極く少ない。それ故,貴金属部材の疲労破壊を回避することができる。
【0016】
また,上記貴金属部材は,その結晶組織が,接地電極の放電面と対峙する方向に積層された偏平な偏平結晶粒であり,かつその長径dと厚さtとの関係はt/d≦0.3の関係にある。そのため,結晶組織における粒界腐食経路を長くすることができ,中心電極と貴金属部材との接合面に至る酸化腐食の進行を抑制することができる。
【0017】
また,そのため,粒界腐食に伴う結晶間の結合力の低下と,熱伝導の悪化より生ずる個々の偏平結晶粒の溶解,消失,脱落を防止することができる。それ故,貴金属部材の耐消耗性を向上させることができる。
【0018】
したがって,本発明によれば,貴金属部材の疲労破壊を防止できると共に,貴金属部材の耐消耗性を向上させることができる,耐久性に優れた内燃機関用スパークプラグを提供することができる。
【0019】
【実施例】
実施例1
本発明の実施例にかかる内燃機関用スパークプラグにつき,図1〜図5を用いて説明する。
本例のスパークプラグは,図1〜図3に示すごとく,接地電極3を設けた金属ハウジング4と,該金属ハウジング4内に挿入固定された絶縁碍子44と,該絶縁碍子44にその基部が埋め込まれて先端部11が突出している中心電極1とを有し,上記中心電極1の先端部11と接地電極3との間には火花ギャップ35を形成している。
【0020】
また,上記先端部11の外周には,環状の貴金属部材2を嵌合すると共に両者を局部的に固定する溶接固定部5を有する。また,上記貴金属部材2の結晶組織は,接地電極3の放電面31と対峙する方向に積層された偏平な偏平結晶粒よりなる。また,図1,図4,図5に示すごとく,偏平結晶粒の長径dとその厚みtとの間にはt/d≦0.3の関係がある。
【0021】
上記中心電極1は,芯材15を内蔵している。中心電極1は,インコネル600よりなるニッケル基合金であり,芯材15は銅である。また,貴金属部材2は,本例においては,Pt−Ni合金を用い,厚み0.5mm,外径2.5mm,長手寸法1.5mmの円筒形状である。
また,貴金属部材2は,中心電極1の先端部11に嵌合してあり,両者の先端面は一致させてある(図1,図3)。
【0022】
また,中心電極の先端部11と貴金属部材2との間には,図1〜図3に示すごとく,上記先端面の円状の接触部分22において,断面V字状で環状の溶接固定部5を有している。この溶接固定部5は,レーザー光を上記先端面における先端部11と貴金属部材2との接触部分22に環状に照射することにより形成してある。また,先端部11と貴金属部材2とのその他の接触部分は溶接固定部を形成していない。
また,金属ハウジング4の外周には,スパークプラグを内燃機関へ螺着するためのネジ部41が形成されている。
【0023】
次に,上記貴金属部材の結晶組織につき説明する。
図1,図4,図5に示すごとく,貴金属部材の結晶組織は,接地電極3の放電面31と対峙する方向(図1,図4)に積層された,偏平な偏平結晶粒20よりなる。即ち,各偏平結晶粒20は,放電面側から見た平面は楕円形(図5)であり,その断面は薄板状(図4)である。
【0024】
かかる結晶組織を有する貴金属部材は,上記貴金属部材を圧延することにより形成される。本例においては,上記偏平結晶粒20は,その長径dが7〜25μm,厚みtが2〜7μmであり,t/dは0.3以下である。
【0025】
本例のスパークプラグにおいては,中心電極1の先端部11に貴金属部材2を嵌合すると共に,局部的に溶接固定部を形成している。そのため,前記のごとく,貴金属部材の疲労破壊を回避することができる。また,貴金属部材の結晶組織は,偏平結晶粒であり,上記t/dは0.3以下である。そのため,上記のごとく,粒界腐食経路が長く,耐消耗性を向上させることができる。それ故,耐久性に優れたスパークプラグを得ることができる。
また,本例では,溶接固定部5は接地電極の放電面31と直接対峙していない。そのため,溶接固定部5の火花消耗,酸化腐食を防止できる。
【0026】
実施例2
本例は,図6〜図8に示すごとく,中心電極1の先端部11と貴金属部材2との間に設ける,溶接固定部5の位置に関して種々の例を示すものである。
図6に示すスパークプラグは,実施例1に示した環状の溶接固定部5(図1,図2)に代えて,中心電極の先端部11と貴金属部材2との先端面の円状の接触部分22において,4ヶ所にスポット的に溶接固定部51を形成したものであり,他の部分は溶接していない。
【0027】
図7に示すスパークプラグは,貴金属部材2の下端と中心電極の先端部11の段部111との接触部分23において,その全周に溶接固定部52を形成したもので,他の部分は溶接していない。なお,上記溶接固定部52は,接地電極3の放電面31と直接対峙しないように,接地電極3の下端面33よりも0.4mm以上離れた部分に設けてある。
【0028】
図8に示すスパークプラグは,溶接固定部53を,中心電極の先端部11に対して,貴金属部材2の長さ方向中央部の2ヶ所で形成したものである。そして,2つの溶接固定部53は,いずれも,接地電極3の放電面31と対峙しないように,これと90度直交する方向に設けてある。
【0029】
上記いずれの場合も,溶接固定部51〜53が,接地電極3の放電面31と直接対峙していないので,これらが火花消耗,酸化腐食されることがなく,耐久性に優れている。
また,いずれのスパークプラグの場合も,その他は実施例1と同様であり,実施例1と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【0030】
実施例3
本例においては,貴金属部材の結晶組織の状態と,貴金属部材の耐消耗性につき説明する。
即ち,上記実施例1に示したスパークプラグにおいて,偏平結晶粒の長径dと厚みtとの関係を種々に変えて,これらをエンジンに組付け,放電試験を行ない,貴金属部材の耐消耗性をテストした。その結果を,図9に,横軸にt/d比を,縦軸に消耗比をとって示した。ここに,消耗比は,同図に示すごとく,t/dを1.0としたときの消耗量に対する割合である。
【0031】
上記の放電試験は,6気筒,2000ccのガソリンエンジンを用い,WOT(スロットル全開),5000rpm,200時間の条件で行った。なお,図9において,曲線A,Bは貴金属部材の材質を示し,曲線Aは,78%Pt−20%Ir−2%Ni合金を,一方曲線Bは80%Pt−20%Niを示している。図9より知られるごとく,いずれの貴金属部材の場合も,t/dが0.3以上の場合には,消耗比が非常に少ないことが分かる。
【0032】
これは,t/d≦0.3の場合には,貴金属部材の表面からの粒界腐食の進行経路が長くなり,貴金属部材と中心電極との接触部分への腐食進行が容易に進まないためと考えられる。また,微細な偏平結晶粒が維持されるために,材料強度の低下もなく,繰り返し熱応力に対して疲労強度が向上するためと考えられる。また,そのため,応力集中も発生し難く,粒界ワレ,結晶脱落も生じ難い。
【0033】
比較例
本例は,図10に示すごとく,貴金属部材の結晶組織が,本発明のごとく放電面に対峙する方向に偏平な偏平結晶粒でなく,かつ上記t/d≦0.3でない場合における,結晶組織の疲労破壊の経時変化を示す。
図10a〜dは,中心電極の先端部11の発火部に設けた貴金属部材2を拡大して示すもので,その消耗形態,結晶組織,疲労破壊の経時変化を示している。
【0034】
即ち,図10(a)は中心電極に接合された初期の貴金属部材の断面を示し,接合後の熱処理により結晶は約20μm程度に粗大化し,偏平ではない。図10(b)においては,火花ギャップ間での放電にて貴金属部材の表面部が溶融,蒸発される現象と燃焼室の高温腐食雰囲気により,結晶の腐食202並びに結晶粒界への選択的腐食203が複合的に生じる。
【0035】
図10(c)においては,長時間の使用時の状況を示す。粒界腐食の進行は,貴金属部材への繰り返し熱応力に対して切り欠きの役割を果たし,著しい場合には応力集中にて粒界ワレ204に至る。粒界ワレ204を生じた部分は互いの結晶間の熱伝導が悪化し,一層の腐食,溶融が起こり,耐消耗性を悪化させる。
最終的には,図10(d)に示すごとく,粒界ワレにより貴金属部材2と中心電極先端部11との接触部分に酸化腐食205が達して貴金属部材の一部が脱落し,貴金属量は著しく減少してしまい耐消耗性を低下させてしまう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1にかかるスパークプラグの要部説明図。
【図2】実施例1にかかるスパークプラグの先端部の平面図。
【図3】実施例1にかかるスパークプラグの要部断面図。
【図4】実施例1における貴金属部材の,接地電極に対峙する方向の偏平結晶粒の断面図。
【図5】実施例1における貴金属部材の偏平結晶粒の平面図。
【図6】実施例2におけるスパークプラグの溶接固定部形成部分の説明図。
【図7】実施例2におけるスパークプラグの他の溶接固定部形成部分の説明図。
【図8】実施例2におけるスパークプラグの他の溶接固定部形成部分の説明図。
【図9】実施例3における放電テストの結果を示す線図。
【図10】比較例における,貴金属部材の消耗状況を示す説明図。
【符号の説明】
1...中心電極,
11...先端部,
2...貴金属部材,
20...偏平結晶粒,
22,23...接触部分,
3...接地電極,
31...放電面,
4...金属ハウジング,
5,51,52,53...溶接固定部,
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, and particularly to a noble metal member provided on a center electrode thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In internal combustion engines currently used in automobiles and the like, further energy saving is called for from the viewpoints of environmental issues and global resources, and fuel consumption is being reduced. As a means for achieving this, high compression, lean burn with a lean mixture, and the like are performed. However, this increases the spark voltage in the spark gap of the spark plug. Therefore, in order to minimize electrode wear, there have been proposed many spark plugs in which a noble metal member such as platinum having excellent wear resistance is arranged.
[0003]
Among them, there is a spark plug set so that the tip of the center electrode protrudes long into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine from the viewpoint of improving the ignitability (see FIG. 3 described later). Since the center electrode of the spark plug is easily heated and the heat radiation action is deteriorated, the electrode temperature increases and the electrode wear increases. For this reason, a spark plug has been proposed in which a noble metal member having excellent wear resistance is provided on the outer periphery of the side surface of the tip portion of the center electrode, and a plurality of ground electrodes face the noble metal member (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-31797). .
[0004]
In this spark plug, a noble metal member with a hole is placed on the tip of the center electrode, and the whole is electrically welded. Then, the noble metal member is drawn by reducing the outer diameter of the noble metal member. It is fixed to the tip of the center electrode. In this spark plug, since the noble metal member and the center electrode are electrically welded and drawn, the noble metal member can be joined and fixed to the entire surface of the center electrode.
[0005]
[Problem to be solved]
However, in the conventional spark plug, since the center electrode and the noble metal member have different linear expansion coefficients, thermal stress is repeatedly generated at a joint interface between the two due to a temperature change during combustion of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the thickness of the noble metal member is reduced because it is expensive. For this reason, the noble metal member repeatedly causes fatigue fracture due to thermal stress, and significantly reduces the durability life of the spark plug.
[0006]
Therefore, in order to avoid this problem, a means has been taken to add nickel (Ni) to the noble metal member to reduce the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the center electrode and the noble metal member. However, if the added amount of Ni is increased, the wear resistance of the noble metal member is deteriorated. Therefore, Ni can be added at most only about 25% by weight.
[0007]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a highly durable spark plug for an internal combustion engine that can prevent fatigue destruction of a noble metal member and improve the wear resistance of the noble metal member. It is.
[0008]
[Means for solving the problem]
The present invention has a metal housing provided with a ground electrode, an insulator inserted and fixed in the metal housing, and a center electrode whose base is embedded in the insulator and whose tip protrudes. In a spark plug for an internal combustion engine having a spark gap formed between the tip of the electrode and the ground electrode,
An annular noble metal member is fitted on the outer periphery of the tip of the center electrode, and a welding fixing portion for fixing the two locally is provided.
The formation of the welding fixing portion is provided at a portion not directly facing the discharge surface of the ground electrode,
The crystal structure of the noble metal member, and consists flat flat crystal grains are stacked in a direction facing the discharge surface of the ground electrode, and the major axis of the polarization plane grains d, the thickness of the flat crystal grains t The spark plug for an internal combustion engine is characterized in that the relationship is t / d ≦ 0.3.
[0009]
The most remarkable point in the present invention is that the noble metal member is fitted annularly around the outer periphery of the tip of the center electrode, and both are locally welded and fixed. The relationship with the thickness t is that t / d ≦ 0.3.
[0010]
The noble metal member has an annular shape such as an annular shape, a cylindrical shape, or a polygonal annular shape or a polygonal cylindrical shape. The shape of the tip of the center electrode has a shape and size that can fit this noble metal member. The tip and the noble metal member are locally welded and fixed, not on the entire surface of the contact portion. The formation of local welded portion, Ru provided in a portion that does not oppose direct the discharge surface of the ground electrode (Fig. 1, FIGS. 6 to 8). As a result, it is possible to prevent spark consumption and oxidative corrosion of the weld fixing portion.
[0011]
Examples of the noble metal member include Pt (platinum) -Ni (nickel), Pt-Ir (iridium) -Ni, and Pt-Ir.
Further, the crystal structure of the noble metal member is composed of flat flat crystal grains stacked in a direction facing the discharge surface of the ground electrode. Such flat crystal grains are obtained by rolling the noble metal member.
[0012]
Further, the flat crystal grains need to have a relationship of t / d ≦ 0.3 between the major axis d (μm) and the thickness t (μm). If t / d is larger than 0.3, the oxidative corrosion of the grain boundary generated at the time of discharge proceeds rapidly, and the flat crystal grains may be dissolved, disappeared, or dropped.
The flat crystal grains are substantially elliptical thin plates as shown in Examples, and the longer diameter of the elliptical shape is referred to as the longer diameter d.
[0013]
As a method of forming a local welding fixing portion between the tip of the center electrode and the noble metal member, a means such as a laser or an electron beam capable of locally welding a narrow area is used. In particular, in welding by laser or electron beam, a weld fixing portion can be formed in a desired small local portion and the energy input time can be controlled, so that the coarsening of the structure of the noble metal member close to the welding fixing portion can be prevented.
[0014]
Preferably, the center electrode uses a nickel-based alloy. Thereby, the wear resistance of the center electrode itself can be improved.
Examples of such a nickel-based alloy include a nickel high chromium alloy (Inconel-based) containing 15% Cr and 8% Fe, and a nickel low chromium alloy containing 1% to 6% Cr.
[0015]
[Action and effect]
The spark plug of the present invention has a configuration in which the noble metal member is fitted around the outer periphery of the tip of the center electrode, and has only a local weld fixing portion between the two. The weld fixing portion is in an alloy state in which the center electrode and the noble metal member are melted, has a linear expansion coefficient close to the linear expansion coefficient of both, and is a local joint. Therefore, even when the center electrode and the noble metal member repeatedly expand and contract due to a temperature change during combustion of the internal combustion engine, both expand and contract freely, and the thermal stress generated therebetween is extremely small. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the fatigue failure of the noble metal member.
[0016]
Further, the noble metal member is a flat flat crystal grain whose crystal structure is laminated in a direction facing the discharge surface of the ground electrode, and the relationship between the major axis d and the thickness t is t / d ≦ 0. .3. Therefore, the intergranular corrosion path in the crystal structure can be lengthened, and the progress of oxidative corrosion reaching the joint surface between the center electrode and the noble metal member can be suppressed.
[0017]
In addition, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the bonding force between crystals due to intergranular corrosion and the dissolution, disappearance, and falling off of individual flat crystal grains caused by deterioration of heat conduction. Therefore, the wear resistance of the noble metal member can be improved.
[0018]
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a spark plug for an internal combustion engine having excellent durability, which can prevent fatigue destruction of a noble metal member and can improve wear resistance of the noble metal member.
[0019]
【Example】
Example 1
A spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the spark plug of this embodiment has a metal housing 4 provided with a ground electrode 3, an insulator 44 inserted and fixed in the metal housing 4, and a base of the insulator 44. The center electrode 1 is embedded and has a protruding tip portion 11. A spark gap 35 is formed between the tip portion 11 of the center electrode 1 and the ground electrode 3.
[0020]
Further, on the outer periphery of the distal end portion 11, there is provided a welding fixing portion 5 for fitting the annular noble metal member 2 and fixing the both locally. The crystal structure of the noble metal member 2 is composed of flat flat crystal grains stacked in a direction facing the discharge surface 31 of the ground electrode 3. Also, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, there is a relationship of t / d ≦ 0.3 between the major axis d of the flat crystal grain and its thickness t.
[0021]
The center electrode 1 has a core 15 incorporated therein. The center electrode 1 is a nickel-based alloy made of Inconel 600, and the core material 15 is copper. In this example, the noble metal member 2 uses a Pt-Ni alloy and has a cylindrical shape with a thickness of 0.5 mm, an outer diameter of 2.5 mm, and a longitudinal dimension of 1.5 mm.
The noble metal member 2 is fitted to the front end portion 11 of the center electrode 1, and the front end surfaces of both are matched (FIGS. 1 and 3).
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, a circular V-shaped welding fixing portion 5 having a V-shaped cross section is provided between the center electrode tip portion 11 and the noble metal member 2. have. The welding fixing portion 5 is formed by irradiating a laser beam in an annular manner on the contact portion 22 between the tip 11 and the noble metal member 2 on the tip surface. In addition, other contact portions between the tip portion 11 and the noble metal member 2 do not form welding fixing portions.
A screw portion 41 for screwing the spark plug to the internal combustion engine is formed on the outer periphery of the metal housing 4.
[0023]
Next, the crystal structure of the noble metal member will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, the crystal structure of the noble metal member is composed of flat flat crystal grains 20 stacked in a direction (FIGS. 1 and 4) facing the discharge surface 31 of the ground electrode 3. . That is, each flat crystal grain 20 has an elliptical plane (FIG. 5) as viewed from the discharge surface side, and has a thin plate-like cross section (FIG. 4).
[0024]
The noble metal member having such a crystal structure is formed by rolling the noble metal member. In this example, the flat crystal grain 20 has a major axis d of 7 to 25 μm, a thickness t of 2 to 7 μm, and t / d of 0.3 or less.
[0025]
In the spark plug of the present embodiment, the noble metal member 2 is fitted to the front end portion 11 of the center electrode 1, and a weld fixing portion is formed locally. Therefore, as described above, it is possible to avoid the fatigue fracture of the noble metal member. The crystal structure of the noble metal member is a flat crystal grain, and the above-mentioned t / d is 0.3 or less. Therefore, as described above, the intergranular corrosion path is long, and the wear resistance can be improved. Therefore, a spark plug having excellent durability can be obtained.
Further, in this example, the welding fixing portion 5 does not directly face the discharge surface 31 of the ground electrode. Therefore, spark consumption and oxidative corrosion of the welding fixing part 5 can be prevented.
[0026]
Example 2
As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the present embodiment shows various examples regarding the position of the welding fixing portion 5 provided between the tip portion 11 of the center electrode 1 and the noble metal member 2.
The spark plug shown in FIG. 6 is different from the annular weld fixing portion 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2) shown in the first embodiment in that a circular contact is formed between the tip end portion 11 of the center electrode and the noble metal member 2. In the part 22, the welding fixing part 51 is formed in four places in a spot manner, and the other parts are not welded.
[0027]
The spark plug shown in FIG. 7 has a weld fixing portion 52 formed all around the contact portion 23 between the lower end of the noble metal member 2 and the step portion 111 of the front end portion 11 of the center electrode, and the other portions are welded. I haven't. The welding fixing portion 52 is provided at a position which is at least 0.4 mm away from the lower end surface 33 of the ground electrode 3 so as not to directly face the discharge surface 31 of the ground electrode 3.
[0028]
In the spark plug shown in FIG. 8, the welding fixing portion 53 is formed at two places at the center in the length direction of the noble metal member 2 with respect to the tip 11 of the center electrode. Each of the two welding fixing portions 53 is provided in a direction orthogonal to the discharge surface 31 of the ground electrode 3 so as not to face the discharge surface 31.
[0029]
In any of the above cases, since the welding fixing portions 51 to 53 do not directly face the discharge surface 31 of the ground electrode 3, they are not consumed by sparks and oxidized and corroded, and are excellent in durability.
In addition, in the case of any of the spark plugs, the rest is the same as in the first embodiment, and the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
[0030]
Example 3
In this example, the state of the crystal structure of the noble metal member and the wear resistance of the noble metal member will be described.
That is, in the spark plug shown in the first embodiment, the relationship between the major axis d and the thickness t of the flat crystal grains is variously changed, these are assembled in an engine, a discharge test is performed, and the wear resistance of the noble metal member is reduced. Tested. The results are shown in FIG. 9 with the t / d ratio on the horizontal axis and the consumption ratio on the vertical axis. Here, the consumption ratio is a ratio to the consumption amount when t / d is set to 1.0, as shown in FIG.
[0031]
The above discharge test was performed using a 6-cylinder, 2000 cc gasoline engine under the conditions of WOT (fully open throttle), 5000 rpm, and 200 hours. In FIG. 9, curves A and B indicate the material of the noble metal member, curve A indicates 78% Pt-20% Ir-2% Ni alloy, while curve B indicates 80% Pt-20% Ni. I have. As can be seen from FIG. 9, it can be seen that in any case of the noble metal members, when t / d is 0.3 or more, the consumption ratio is very small.
[0032]
This is because, when t / d ≦ 0.3, the course of intergranular corrosion from the surface of the noble metal member becomes long, and the progress of corrosion at the contact portion between the noble metal member and the center electrode does not easily progress. it is conceivable that. It is also considered that the fine flat crystal grains are maintained, so that the material strength does not decrease and the fatigue strength against repeated thermal stress improves. Therefore, stress concentration hardly occurs, and grain boundary cracks and crystal falling hardly occur.
[0033]
Comparative Example As shown in FIG. 10, this example shows a case where the crystal structure of the noble metal member is not flat crystal grains flat in the direction facing the discharge surface as in the present invention and the above-mentioned t / d ≦ 0.3. 4 shows changes with time in fatigue fracture of the crystal structure.
FIGS. 10A to 10D are enlarged views of the noble metal member 2 provided at the ignition portion of the front end portion 11 of the center electrode, and show the time-dependent changes in the consumption form, crystal structure, and fatigue fracture.
[0034]
That is, FIG. 10A shows a cross section of an initial noble metal member joined to the center electrode, and the crystal is coarsened to about 20 μm by heat treatment after joining, and is not flat. In FIG. 10 (b), due to the phenomenon that the surface of the noble metal member is melted and evaporated by the discharge between the spark gaps and the high-temperature corrosive atmosphere of the combustion chamber, the corrosion 202 of the crystal and the selective corrosion to the crystal grain boundaries are caused. 203 occurs in a complex manner.
[0035]
FIG. 10 (c) shows a situation at the time of long-time use. The progress of intergranular corrosion plays a role of a notch against repetitive thermal stress on the noble metal member, and in severe cases, leads to intergranular crack 204 due to stress concentration. In the portion where the grain boundary crack 204 occurs, heat conduction between the crystals deteriorates, further corrosion and melting occur, and wear resistance deteriorates.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 10 (d), oxidative corrosion 205 reaches the contact portion between the noble metal member 2 and the center electrode tip 11 due to grain boundary cracking, and a part of the noble metal member falls off, and the amount of noble metal is reduced. It is significantly reduced, and the wear resistance is reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a main part of a spark plug according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a tip portion of the spark plug according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an essential part cross-sectional view of the spark plug according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of flat crystal grains of the noble metal member in Example 1 in a direction facing a ground electrode.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of flat crystal grains of the noble metal member according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a weld fixing portion forming portion of a spark plug according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of another weld fixing portion forming portion of the spark plug in the second embodiment.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of another weld fixing portion forming portion of the spark plug according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a result of a discharge test in Example 3.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a state of consumption of a noble metal member in a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. . . Center electrode,
11. . . Tip,
2. . . Precious metal parts,
20. . . Flat grains,
22, 23. . . Contact part,
3. . . Ground electrode,
31. . . Discharge surface,
4. . . Metal housing,
5, 51, 52, 53. . . Welding fixing part,

Claims (3)

接地電極を設けた金属ハウジングと,該金属ハウジング内に挿入固定した絶縁碍子と,該絶縁碍子にその基部が埋め込まれて先端部が突出している中心電極とを有し,上記中心電極の先端部と上記接地電極との間には火花ギャップを形成してなる内燃機関用スパークプラグにおいて,
上記中心電極の上記先端部にはその外周に環状の貴金属部材を嵌合すると共に,両者間を局部的に固定する溶接固定部を設け,
該溶接固定部の形成は上記接地電極の放電面と直接対峙しない部分に設けてあり,
また,上記貴金属部材の結晶組織は,接地電極の放電面と対峙する方向に積層された偏平な偏平結晶粒よりなり,かつ該偏平結晶粒の長径をd,偏平結晶粒の厚さをtとしたとき,t/d≦0.3の関係にあることを特徴とする内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
A metal housing provided with a ground electrode, an insulator inserted and fixed in the metal housing, and a center electrode having a base portion embedded in the insulator and having a protruding tip portion; A spark plug for an internal combustion engine having a spark gap formed between the spark plug and the ground electrode,
An annular noble metal member is fitted on the outer periphery of the tip of the center electrode, and a welding fixing portion for fixing the two locally is provided.
The formation of the weld fixing portion is provided at a portion not directly facing the discharge surface of the ground electrode,
The crystal structure of the noble metal member, and consists flat flat crystal grains are stacked in a direction facing the discharge surface of the ground electrode, and the major axis of the polarization plane grains d, the thickness of the flat crystal grains t A spark plug for an internal combustion engine, wherein t / d ≦ 0.3.
請求項1において,上記中心電極と貴金属部材との接合はレーザ又は電子ビームにより局所的に行われていることを特徴とする内燃機関用スパークプラグ。2. The spark plug according to claim 1, wherein the center electrode and the noble metal member are locally joined by a laser or an electron beam. 請求項1又は2において,上記中心電極はニッケル基合金であることを特徴とする内燃機関用スパークプラグ。3. The spark plug according to claim 1, wherein the center electrode is a nickel-based alloy.
JP20273494A 1994-08-03 1994-08-03 Spark plug for internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related JP3562533B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20273494A JP3562533B2 (en) 1994-08-03 1994-08-03 Spark plug for internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20273494A JP3562533B2 (en) 1994-08-03 1994-08-03 Spark plug for internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0845643A JPH0845643A (en) 1996-02-16
JP3562533B2 true JP3562533B2 (en) 2004-09-08

Family

ID=16462285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP20273494A Expired - Fee Related JP3562533B2 (en) 1994-08-03 1994-08-03 Spark plug for internal combustion engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3562533B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3461670B2 (en) 1996-06-28 2003-10-27 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug and its manufacturing method
JP3796342B2 (en) 1998-01-19 2006-07-12 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof
EP1168547B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2004-04-14 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Spark plug and method of producing spark plug
JP4652621B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2011-03-16 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug manufacturing method and spark plug
US7521849B2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2009-04-21 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Spark plug with welded sleeve on electrode
JP2007227187A (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-09-06 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Spark plug for internal combustion engine and manufacturing method
JP4644140B2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2011-03-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing the same
JP2007328967A (en) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Spark plug for internal combustion engine
DE102011083452A1 (en) 2011-09-26 2013-03-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spark plug with side-mounted ground electrode
JP6023649B2 (en) * 2013-05-09 2016-11-09 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug
DE102018110571A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Man Energy Solutions Se Spark plug for an internal combustion engine
DE102018110580A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Man Energy Solutions Se Spark plug for an internal combustion engine
CN113423530B (en) * 2018-12-21 2023-08-04 因尼欧延巴赫两合无限公司 Spark plug and method for manufacturing a spark plug
CN110071425A (en) * 2019-06-06 2019-07-30 宋天顺 A kind of resistor type spark plug
JP7191067B2 (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-12-16 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0845643A (en) 1996-02-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3562533B2 (en) Spark plug for internal combustion engine
EP0171994B1 (en) Spark plug
KR100965741B1 (en) Spark plug and method for manufacturing the same
US6853116B2 (en) Structure of spark plug designed to provide higher durability and ignitability of fuel
JP4965692B2 (en) Spark plug
US6621198B2 (en) Spark plug having iridum alloy tip, iron-based alloy tip bonding portion and stress relieving layer therebetween
US6724132B2 (en) Spark plug for an engine for a cogeneration system
US8258686B2 (en) Spark plug for internal combustion engine
EP2704271B1 (en) Spark plug
US7615915B2 (en) Spark plug
JP2007250257A (en) Sparkplug for internal combustion engine
US9130356B2 (en) Spark plug having a thin noble metal firing pad
US7449822B2 (en) Structure of spark plug ensuring stability in location of production of sparks
US7122948B2 (en) Spark plug having enhanced capability to ignite air-fuel mixture
JP2004127916A (en) Sparking plug and manufacturing method of sparking plug
JPH11354251A (en) Spark plug
JP2000252039A (en) Spark plug for internal combustion engine
US7352121B2 (en) Spark plug
JP4431271B2 (en) Spark plug
JP4705596B2 (en) Spark plug for internal combustion engine
JP2003229231A (en) Production method of spark plug
JP2001210447A (en) Sparking plug for internal combustion engine
JP4562030B2 (en) Spark plug
JP4840839B2 (en) Spark plug
JP2024031227A (en) Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20040512

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20040525

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees