JP3560485B2 - Strawberry cultivation container and strawberry cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Strawberry cultivation container and strawberry cultivation method using the same Download PDF

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JP3560485B2
JP3560485B2 JP00728499A JP728499A JP3560485B2 JP 3560485 B2 JP3560485 B2 JP 3560485B2 JP 00728499 A JP00728499 A JP 00728499A JP 728499 A JP728499 A JP 728499A JP 3560485 B2 JP3560485 B2 JP 3560485B2
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propylene
cultivation container
strawberry cultivation
strawberry
weight
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JP2000201542A (en
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太 西本
勝行 守屋
善久 末永
昭洋 折田
昌二 岡
正明 福田
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JNC Corp
Kumamoto Prefecture
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Kumamoto Prefecture
Chisso Corp
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は太陽熱土壌消毒法を採用した高設ベンチ(架台)栽培に適したポリオレフィン樹脂製のイチゴの栽培容器およびそれを用いるイチゴの栽培方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
イチゴの生産は、通常、親株から伸びたランナーの先にできる子株を採取・育苗し、夜冷処理や山上げなどによる花芽分化促進処理を行なった後、さらに本圃へ定植・栽培して開花・結実させ果実を収穫する方法によって行われる。従来は育苗も本圃での栽培も地表面において行なう土耕栽培であったため、生産者は膝や腰を曲げたまま、長時間の作業を強いられてきた。この作業の困難さが、イチゴ生産者の減少ひいては作付け面積の伸び悩みの大きな原因となっていた。
また、露地の地表面でのイチゴの育苗は、生育環境の制御が難しく病虫害も発生しやすく、均一で高品位の健苗が得られにくく、収穫されるイチゴの品質も一定せず収穫量も不十分であった。
【0003】
これらの問題を解決するため、筒状の栽培用容器(ポット)を用いる高設栽培方法(特開平10−108548)や高床式のベンチ栽培システム(特開平10−178927)が提案され実用化されている。これらの高設栽培法は、予め調合された土壌もしくは培地を入れた容器をある高さに設置して、イチゴの育苗や栽培を行なう方法であり、通常はガラス室やハウスなどの施設内で、完全な肥培管理のもとに実施される。作業も立ったまま行われ、従来の膝や腰を曲げたままの作業は改善されている。
土壌もしくは培地を入れる容器がポットの場合、ポット1個に植えるのはイチゴ1株であり、容器が樋状もしくは箱状の場合は1個に複数の株が植え付けられる。容器の材質はプラスチックが一般的で、ポットの場合はポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどの射出成形物などである。容器が樋状もしくは箱状の場合は、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂の異形押出成形物やスチロール樹脂の発泡成形物などであり、異形押出成形物の場合は、土壌もしくは培地が零れないように両端が別の部材で仕切られている。
【0004】
イチゴの生産者が高設栽培容器を用いて十分な収益を得るには、少ない投資で十分な収穫をあげることが必要である。そのためには、株間を狭くして植付本数を増やし、単位面積当たりの多収穫をあげるほか、病害虫の被害を最小限に止めることが不可欠であり、また培地を含めた設備や資材をできるだけ長期間繰返し使用する必要がある。そのためには連作障害回避のための土壌もしくは培地の消毒が欠かせない。
従来、土壌消毒には臭化メチルなどの薬剤が使用されてきたが、環境問題や健康指向から、薬剤を使用しない太陽熱土壌消毒法の利用が望まれるようになった。太陽熱土壌消毒法は、7〜8月の高温期にハウスを密閉し、室内温度を60℃以上に保ち、ベンチ内の培地温度や地床温度を40℃以上に10日間〜2週間維持するもので、これにより主な土壌伝染性病原菌は死滅する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、太陽熱土壌消毒法を用いる場合、イチゴ栽培容器は土壌もしくは培地が充填された状態で長時間比較的高い温度に曝されることになり、イチゴ栽培容器がポリ塩化ビニル樹脂や発泡スチロール樹脂の成形物の場合には変形が発生し、以後の使用において排水不良などの不具合により根腐れなどの病害を引き起こす原因となる。また、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂製のイチゴ栽培容器は塩化ビニル樹脂の密度が大きいため重量物となり運搬などの作業がやりにくく、発泡スチロール製の栽培容器は軽量であるが衝撃に弱い上、嵩張るなどの欠点があった。さらに、塩化ビニル樹脂や発泡スチロールは廃棄物処理のため焼却する場合、塩化水素ガスや黒煙などが発生するなどの問題がある。
【0006】
このため、使用済後の焼却処理が比較的容易で、密度も小さく衝撃に強く、価格的にも有利なポリオレフィン系樹脂製のイチゴの栽培容器が求められていた。この要求にマッチするポリオレフィン系樹脂としては、耐衝撃性のポリプロピレン樹脂や高密度ポリエチレン樹脂があるが、いずれも結晶性の樹脂であり、非結晶性の塩化ビニル樹脂などと異なり、加工温度における溶融粘度が低いため、栽培容器に用いる樋状成形物などを連続して成形できる異形押出成形に適していなかった。
本発明は、太陽熱土壌消毒法を用いて栽培容器中の土壌もしくは培地を消毒しても変形せず、軽量で嵩張らず、かつ、衝撃に強く押出成形が可能な配合物で成形された、価格的にも有利な、ポリオレフィン系樹脂製の高設ベンチ栽培用のイチゴの栽培容器およびそれを用いるイチゴの栽培方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の問題点を解決するため鋭意検討の結果、特定のプロピレン系樹脂組成物に無機充填剤を添加してなる成形用配合物を押出成形して得られる樋状部材を用いた栽培容器およびそれを用いる栽培方法によって前記課題が解決することを見出し本発明を完成した。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は以下の構成を有する。
(1)結晶性ポリプロピレンホモポリマーまたはプロピレン含有量が90重量%以上の結晶性プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーから選ばれた結晶性ポリプロピレンおよび40〜70重量%のエチレン重合単位を含有するプロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーからなるプロピレン系樹脂組成物であって、前記プロピレン系樹脂組成物の中のプロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーの含有量が5〜30重量%で、Q値(M w/ n )が5以下のプロピレン系樹脂組成物と無機充填剤とを必須成分とする配合物であって、無機充填剤の含有量が20〜40重量%、メルトフローレートが0.1〜2.0g/10分、かつ、荷重たわみ温度が100℃以上である配合物を押出成形して得られる樋状部材を用いたイチゴの栽培容器。
(2)(1)項のイチゴの栽培容器を用いることを特徴とするイチゴの栽培方法。
(3)イチゴの栽培容器を架台の上に設置して用いることを特徴とする(2)項に記載のイチゴの栽培方法。
(4)イチゴの栽培容器中の土壌もしくは培地の太陽熱消毒を行なうことを特徴とする(2)もしくは(3)項に記載のイチゴの栽培方法。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施形態を説明する。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器およびそれを用いるイチゴの栽培方法において、イチゴの栽培容器を製造するための配合物に用いられるプロピレン系樹脂組成物の構成成分である結晶性ポリプロピレンとしては、結晶性ポリプロピレンホモポリマーまたはプロピレン含有量が90重量%以上の結晶性プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーが用いられ、プロピレン含有量が多い程、プロピレン系樹脂組成物の剛性が高くなる。
前記のプロピレン系樹脂組成物の構成成分であるプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーは、40〜70重量%、好ましくは50〜65重量%のエチレン重合単位を含有するプロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーである。プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー中のエチレン重合単位含有量が40重量%より著しく少ない場合は、前記イチゴの栽培容器の耐衝撃性が低下し、40〜70重量%の範囲を外れる場合、押出成形時の溶融配合物の垂下が大きくなり成形不良率の増加もしくは成形不能に陥る恐れがある。
以上
【0010】
前記プロピレン系樹脂組成物の中のプロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーの含有量は、5〜30重量%、好ましくは10〜20重量%である。5重量%未満の場合は前記イチゴの栽培容器の低温耐衝撃性が不十分であり、30重量%を越える場合は太陽熱消毒において変形が発生するおそれがある。
また、前記プロピレン系樹脂組成物は、Q値(Mw/Mn)が5以下、好ましくは、4.5以下の狭分散性分子量分布を有する。Q値が5を越え分子量分布幅が大きくなると前記イチゴの栽培容器の表面平滑性が低下する。
【0011】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器およびそれを用いるイチゴの栽培方法において、イチゴの栽培容器を製造するための配合物のメルトフローレート(略称MFR、JIS K 7210「熱可塑性プラスチックの流れ試験方法」表1の条件14(試験温度230℃、試験荷重21.18N)により測定)は、0.1〜2.0g/10分、好ましくは0.1〜1.5g/10分、特に好ましくは0.1〜1.0g/10分である。メルトフ
ローレートが、0.1g/10分未満の場合は、前記配合物を用いてイチゴの栽培容器の樋状部材を押出成形する場合に、サージングやメルトフラクチャーが発生して押出成形性が低下したり、得られる押出成形物の表面に肌荒れが生じる恐れがあり、2.0g/10分を越える場合は押出成形を行なう場合に溶融した前記配合物の垂下が顕著になり成形できず、樋状部材が得られない恐れがある。
メルトフローレートが0.1〜2.0g/10分である前記のイチゴの栽培容器を製造するための配合物を得るためには、前記配合物の成分となる前記プロピレン系樹脂組成物のメルトフローレートは、0.1〜2.0g/10分、好ましくは0.1〜1.5g/10分、特に好ましくは0.1〜1.0g/10分である。
【0012】
前記のプロピレン系樹脂組成物は、上記の諸特性を満足すればいかなる方法で製造してもよい。例としては、別々に製造した結晶性ポリプロピレンとプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーとを混合装置を用いて混合して製造する方法、及び結晶性ポリプロピレンとプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーとを多段重合により連続的に製造する方法が挙げられる。
【0013】
具体的には、混合して製造する方法としては、チタン担持触媒などのチグラーナッタ触媒を用いて重合したプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーや市販のエチレン−プロピレンゴムと結晶性ポリプロピレンとを溶融混合する方法が例示できる。また、多段重合により連続的に製造する方法としては、複数の重合器を使用して、1段目で結晶性ポリプロピレンを製造し、2段目でプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーを製造する方法が例示できる。この連続重合法は、上記の溶融混合する方法に比べて製造コストが安価で、かつ、結晶性ポリプロピレン中にプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーが均一に分散したプロピレン系樹脂組成物が得られるため好ましい方法である。
【0014】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器およびそれを用いるイチゴの栽培方法において、前記イチゴの栽培容器を製造するための配合物には、無機充填剤が20〜40重量%含有される。
前記の無機充填剤は、本発明のイチゴの栽培容器の弾性率、耐熱性、寸法安定性、および外観意匠性の向上、押出成形時の形状付与性(賦形性)の向上、ならびにコストダウンなどを目的として用いられる。前記配合物中の無機充填剤の含有量が40重量%を超えると、押出成形時に溶融した前記配合物の自重による垂下が大きくなり過ぎて成形しにくくなり、得られたイチゴの栽培容器の強度が低下する傾向があり、20重量%未満では、耐熱性、寸法安定性、賦形性などの向上効果が十分でない。
前記の無機充填剤には特に制限は無く、従来プロピレン系樹脂組成物に慣用されている中から任意の物を選択でき、具体的には、炭酸カルシウム、シリカ、タルク、ハイドロタルサイト、ゼオライト、ケイ酸アルミニウム、ケイ酸マグネシウムが例示できる。
これらの無機充填剤は1種又は2種以上組み合わせて使用しても良い。
【0015】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を押出成形し加工するための配合物においては、プロピレン系樹脂組成物および無機充填剤の他に、成形時の熱安定性や高い溶融粘度、成形物の耐熱変形性を十分発現させるため、フェノール系酸化防止剤やリン系酸化防止剤などの、酸化防止剤を添加することが好ましい。
前記のフェノール系酸化防止剤としては、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール、テトラキス〔メチレン−3−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート〕メタン、n−オクタデシル−3−(3’,5’−ジ−t−ブチル−4’−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、などを例示することができる。
また、前記のリン系酸化防止剤としては、テトラキス(2,4−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)−4,4’−ビフェニレン−ジ−フォスフォナイト、トリス(ノニルフェニル)フォスファイトなどを例示することができる。
【0016】
前記の酸化防止剤は単独で使用しても2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記のプロピレン系樹脂組成物100重量部に対する、これら酸化防止剤の添加量は、0.001〜2重量部、好ましくは0.005〜1.5重量部、さらに好ましくは0.01〜1重量部である。
前記の配合物においては、プロピレン系樹脂組成物、無機充填剤および酸化防止剤の他に、必要に応じて通常ポリプロピレンに添加される各種の添加剤、たとえば、中和剤、耐候剤、滑剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤などの添加剤を配合することができる他に、配合物の成形性や物性を改良するためエチレン−プロピレンゴムなどのポリマーを配合することができる。
前記中和剤としては、ステアリン酸カルシウムなどの高級脂肪酸金属塩類が例示でき、前記耐候剤としては、紫外線吸収剤およびヒンダードアミン光安定剤(HALS)が例示できる。
前記滑剤としては、ステアリン酸アミドなどの高級脂肪酸アミド類が例示できる。
前記帯電防止剤としてはグリセリンモノステアレートなどの脂肪酸エステル類が例示できる。
【0017】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を製造するための配合物のJIS K 7207「硬質プラスチックの荷重たわみ温度試験方法」B法(曲げ応力45.1N/cm)に従って測定した荷重たわみ温度は、100℃以上、好ましくは130℃以上である。前記配合物の荷重たわみ温度が100℃未満の場合は、前記配合物を押出成形し加工して得られるイチゴの栽培容器が太陽熱消毒の際に大きく変形する恐れがある。
【0018】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器は、前記のプロピレン系樹脂組成物および無機充填剤の他に、必要に応じて前記の添加剤やポリマーを配合して得られる配合物を押出成形し加工して製造される。
前記のプロピレン系樹脂組成物に、前記の添加剤などを配合して配合物にする方法は、ヘンシェルミキサー(商品名)やスーパーミキサー(商品名)などの高速攪拌混合機、およびブレンダーまたはタンブラーなどの通常のミキサーを用いて混合する方法(ドライブレンド)が例示できる。また、前記の方法により得られた混合物を一般的な単軸押出機または二軸押出機を用いて溶融混練しペレット状配合物にする方法が例示できる。
【0019】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器は、前記のプロピレン系樹脂組成物および無機充填剤を必須成分とする配合物を押出成形して得られる樋状部材を加工して製造される。
押出成形法の場合、任意の長さの樋状部材を連続して成形できるが、輸送・保管などの点から製造できる長さに限度がある。このため、前記の樋状部材を用いて実際のイチゴの栽培容器を製造し設置するには、複数本の樋状部材を連結する必要が出てくる場合があり、さらに、両端を封じるための止り部材が必要である。
従って、大型のイチゴの栽培容器は、押出成形法を用いて成形した樋状部材を必要に応じて連結し、さらに両端を、射出成形法などを用いて成形した止り部材で封じる方法で製造するのが好ましい。
【0020】
止り部材の形状は樋状部材の両端に取付け可能であれば特に限定しない。また樋状部材の連結方法も、雨樋の連結に使用されるような継手部材を射出成形法などを用いて成形して用いる方法、簡易な粘着テープを用いる方法などを適宜用いることができる。
なお、前記の樋状部材と止り部材から構成されるイチゴの栽培容器を用いる栽培において、栽培容器に充填された土壌もしくは培地の太陽熱土壌消毒を行なう場合、止り部材に加えられる荷重が樋状部材に加えられる荷重に比べて著しく小さい場合には、止り部材の成形材料は前記の配合物以外から選択することができる。樋状部材の連結に用いる継手部材を作成する場合の成形材料も、同様に前記の配合物以外から選択することができる。
【0021】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器の大きさは、イチゴの栽培容器の構造やイチゴ栽植時の株間距離や畦の条数などによって異なるが、内法で、深さが120〜150mm、幅が畦1条当り100〜140mmが好ましい。長さは輸送・保管などの点から4m以下が好ましい。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器は架台の上に設置して用いるのが好ましい。本発明において架台は、イチゴの栽培容器を作業に適した高さと位置に安定して保持でき、荷重に耐える形状と材質であれば特に限定しない。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器には、潅水時に余分な水などを排出させ、土壌もしくは培地の通気性を確保するため、イチゴの栽培容器の底部に溝や孔を設けたり、排水のため二重底構造にしたり、透水部材を敷設することができ、これらを併用することができる。前記の透水部材としては、水分を含んだ土壌もしくは培地の荷重に耐えて透水や通気の機能を発現できるものが望ましい。具体的には、パンチングメタル、孔空きプラスチック板、ネット、織物または不織布のなどを挙げることができ、これらを併用することができる。
【0022】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いた高設ベンチの例を図1に、イチゴの栽培容器の断面形状を図2に例示する。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いてイチゴの栽培を行なう場合、ハウスやガラス室などの施設内を有効に活用するために、複数個のイチゴの栽培容器を直列につなぐだけでなく、図1に例示するようにさらに並列に設置することができる。図1は1条植え用のイチゴの栽培容器を4列並列に設置した高設ベンチの例であり、高設ベンチの左右は作業用の通路のため、果実は作業時に傷まないように、通路と反対側に結実する。イチゴの栽培容器間には収穫しやすいようにフィルムやネットを設置するが、フィルムの場合には咲き終わったイチゴの花弁がフィルム上で腐敗し果実を痛める恐れがあるため、咲き終わったイチゴの花弁が下に落ちるネットが好ましい。図1の場合は、ネットを設置した例である。
前記のネットの目合いは5〜10mm、より好ましくは6〜8mmである。ネットの目合いが5mm未満では咲き終わったイチゴの花弁がネットの下に落ちにくく、10mmを超えると果実がネットの目に引っ掛かっていびつな形状の果実になり商品価値が損なわれる恐れがある。
【0023】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器は、イチゴの育苗および本圃での栽培の両方に使用することができるが、本圃での栽培に使うのが好ましい。育苗はスペースの利用や肥培管理の点から別の場所で行ない、得られた健苗を選別して本発明のイチゴの栽培容器に定植するほうが、病気の発生と拡大を予防することができる。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用い、人工培地を用いてイチゴを栽培する場合には、バーミキュライト、ピートモス、ヤシガラ(コイアダスト)、パーライト、ゼオライト、焼成砂、炭化物およびボラ土などを適宜・混合したものを使用するのが好ましい。さらに粉砕もみがらや草炭を加えたものを使用してもよい。これらの人工培地は単独で使用しても、土壌と混合して使用してもよい。
【0024】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いてイチゴを栽培する場合の培地としては、軽量で(仮比重0.50程度)、保水性、孔隙率に富むなどの物理性を有し、かつ、炭素率が高く、3〜5年の耐用性を有するものが好ましい。具体的には、バーミキュライト、ピートモス、ボラ土および砂などを混合したものが好ましく、混合割合は特に限定しないが下記の割合が例示できる。
バーミキュライト:ピートモス:ボラ土:砂=35:35:20:10
なお、前記のピートモスに代えてヤシガラ(コイアダスト)を使用してもよい。また、上記割合の混合物100重量部に対し、さらに粉砕もみがらや草炭を100重量部程度加えたものを使用してもよい。
前記培地の使用量は、受光条件により変動するが、イチゴ1株当り2.5〜3.5リットルであり、好ましくは2.8〜3.1リットルである。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用い、前記の培地を用いてイチゴを栽培する場合の、イチゴの株間距離はおよそ20cmが好ましい。
【0025】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いてイチゴを栽培する場合の施肥は、前記の培地を混合調製する際に、チッソ150mg/リットル、リン酸500mg/リットル、カリ150mg/リットルをを目安として添加する。チッソ肥料としてはCDUが例示できる。なお、苗が活着したら追肥が必要であるが、苗を定植する際に、たとえば、チッソ肥料の被覆尿素に、リン酸として苦土重焼燐およびカリとして被覆硫酸加里を加えたLP複合肥料(チッソ旭肥料(株)製)のような肥効調節型の被覆肥料を、植え穴直下に基肥の形で予め全量施肥すれば、追肥の手間を省いて殆ど潅水だけで栽培ができ、しかも80%以上の肥効率が期待できるため、施肥量も従来の方法に比べ40〜50%減らすことができる。
【0026】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いてイチゴの育苗・栽培を行なう場合、土壌もしくは培地を加温するため、前記の栽培容器の内側や外面に温水や温風を通す配管などを設置したり、面状発熱体などの電熱装置を設置することができる。さらに保温のため前記の栽培容器の外側を保温材で覆ってもよい。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いてイチゴの育苗・栽培を行なう場合、自動もしくは手動の潅水設備や施肥設備を設置することもできる。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いてイチゴの栽培を行なう場合、果実の着色をよくするため反射シートを用いることができる。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用い、前記の培地を用いて、肥効調節型の被覆肥料を基肥の形で予め全量施肥し、イチゴ苗を定植し高設栽培することにより、省力化、減肥料および減農薬を行ないつつ、品質の良いイチゴを高収量で収穫することができる。
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いることにより、環境保全型のイチゴ栽培が可能になる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例によって本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらにより限定されるべきものではない。
なお、実施例および比較例で用いられるイチゴ栽培容器樋状部材の材質の物性測定方法を以下に記載する。
(1)荷重たわみ温度:JIS K 7207「硬質プラスチックの荷重たわみ温度試験方法」B法(曲げ応力45.1N/cm)に従って測定した。単位は℃。
なお、試験片成形条件は、以下の通りである。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂配合物:ペレット状配合物を、射出成形機にて溶融温度250℃、金型温度50℃でJIS形の試験片に成形した。
硬質塩化ビニル樹脂配合物:市販の樋状部材の平面部から切り出した板を重ねて、温度180℃の熱プレスで3分間予熱後、150kg/cmの加圧下で2分間プレス成形し、温度12〜18℃の冷却プレスにて2分間、150kg/cmの加圧下で固化させて得た積層板を切削し成形しJIS形の試験片に成形した。
【0028】
(2)密度:(1)の試験片成形条件に準じて試験片を作成し、JIS K 7112「プラスチックの密度と比重の測定方法」A法に従って測定した。単位はg/cm
(3)メルトフローレート(MFR):プロピレン系樹脂組成物およびイチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物のペレットサンプルを用いて、JIS K 7210「熱可塑性プラスチックの流れ試験方法」表1の条件14(試験温度230℃、試験荷重21.18N)に従って測定した。単位はg/10分。
プロピレン系樹脂組成物については、複数の重合器を使用し1段目で結晶性ポリプロピレンを製造し、2段目でプロピレン−エチレンコポリマーを製造する多段重合により連続的に製造されたプロピレン系樹脂組成物のパウダー100重量部に対して、テトラキス[メチレン−3−(3’、5’−ジ−t−ブチル−4’−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン0.05重量部、ステアリン酸カルシウム0.1重量部を添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて2分間混合し、得られた混合物を口径40mmφの単軸押出造粒機を用いて230℃にて造粒し、ペレット状にして測定に供した。
【0029】
実施例1
▲1▼イチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物の製造
プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー含有量が13.3重量%、プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー中のエチレン重合単位含有量が60重量%、メルトフローレートが0.35g/10分であるプロピレン系樹脂組成物100重量部に対して、テトラキス[メチレン−3−(3’、5’−ジ−t−ブチル−4’−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン0.05重量部、ステアリン酸カルシウム0.1重量部、灰色顔料4重量部、および無機充填剤としてタルク(比表面積44,000cm/g、平均粒径1.6μm)45重量部を添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて2分間混合し、得られた混合物を口径65mmφの単軸押出造粒機を用いて230℃にて造粒し、ペレット状のイチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物を得た。前記配合物ペレットの物性評価結果を表1に示した。
【0030】
▲2▼樋状部材の押出成形
溶融樹脂の出口が図2(a)に示す形のダイを備えた異形押出装置(押出機は、口径90mmφの単軸押出機)を用い、前記の配合物ペレットを単軸押出機に供給し、250℃で溶融させ、押出を行ない、長さ500mmの真空サイジングダイと長さ2mの水槽(水温20℃)で形状を保持しつつ冷却固化し、図2(a)の断面形状を持ち、底面幅120mm、上面幅165mm、開口幅140mm、高さ120mm、厚み1.5mm、長さ4mの樋状部材を成形した。
[イチゴの栽培容器の加工と組立て]
前記の長さ4mの樋状部材の底面の幅方向中央に、長さ方向400mm毎に、直径40mmの孔を穿った。さらに、樋状部材の両端に硬質塩化ビニル樹脂製雨樋部品(積水化学工業(株)製、エスロン止りP200)を取付けた。
【0031】
▲3▼培地調合とイチゴの栽培容器への充填
前記のイチゴの栽培容器を、熊本県水俣市に設置した間口5.4m、長さ10mのビニルハウス内に搬入し、イチゴの栽培容器の長さ方向の一方の端から、0.2m、1.4m、2.6m、および3.8m離れた個所の計4個所で、イチゴの栽培容器の底面がその長さ方向に対し直角かつ水平に置かれた直径25mmの鋼管により支持されるようにセットし、草炭60重量部、粉砕もみがら40重量部、バーミキュライト35重量部、ピートモス35重量部、ボラ土20重量部、砂10重量部の割合で予め混合した培地30kg(60リットル)を充填し、イチゴの栽培容器の撓み量を測定した。撓み量は2つの支持脚間(距離:1.2m)のイチゴの栽培容器中間部分の水平面からの沈降距離(mm)である。結果を表1に示した。
▲4▼太陽熱消毒
前記のイチゴの栽培容器に充填した培地に潅水した後、ハウスを密閉し、1998年7月27日〜8月10日までの15日間太陽熱土壌消毒を行なった後、ハウスを開放してイチゴの栽培容器の撓み量を測定し、太陽熱消毒変形性を評価した。結果を表1に示した。
【0032】
実施例2
実施例1のプロピレン系樹脂組成物に変えて、プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー含有量が11.7重量%、プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー中のエチレン重合単位含有量が59重量%、メルトフローレートが0.50g/10分であるプロピレン系樹脂組成物を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様に、イチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物の製造、樋状部材の押出成形、培地調合とイチゴの栽培容器への充填、および太陽熱消毒を行なった。結果を表1に示した。
【0033】
比較例1
実施例2のイチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物のタルク含有量を0重量%とする以外は、実施例2と同じにイチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物の製造、および樋状部材の押出成形を行なった。ダイ出口における溶融樹脂の垂下が発生し樋状部材の押出成形ができなかった。結果を表1に示した。
【0034】
比較例2
実施例1のプロピレン系樹脂組成物に変えて、プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー含有量が11.7重量%、プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマー中のエチレン重合単位含有量が59重量%、メルトフローレートが2.6g/10分であるプロピレン樹脂を用いる以外は、実施例1と同じにイチゴの栽培容器成形用配合物の製造、樋状部材の押出成形を行なった。ダイ出口における溶融樹脂の垂下が発生し樋状部材の押出成形ができなかった。結果を表1に示した。
【0035】
比較例3
▲1▼イチゴの栽培容器の組立て
断面形状が実施例1と同じ形状の硬質塩化ビニル樹脂製雨樋(積水化学工業(株)製、エスロン大といP200−4,000)に、実施例1と同じように排水用の孔を穿ち、両端に硬質塩化ビニル樹脂製雨樋部品(積水化学工業(株)製、エスロン止りP200)を取付けた。なお、荷重たわみ温度と密度は前記の硬質塩化ビニル樹脂製雨樋の一部を加工した試験片を用いて測定した。
[培地調合とイチゴの栽培容器への充填]
実施例1と同様に培地を充填し、撓み量を測定した。
▲2▼太陽熱消毒
前記のイチゴの栽培容器に充填した培地に潅水した後、実施例1のイチゴの栽培容器に並べ実施例1と同様の太陽熱消毒を行なった後、ハウスを開放して撓み量を測定し、太陽熱消毒変形性を評価した。
測定結果を表1に示した。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 0003560485
【0037】
【発明の効果】
本発明のイチゴの栽培容器は、太陽熱土壌消毒法を用いて栽培容器中の土壌もしくは培地を消毒しても、変形せず、軽量で嵩張らず、かつ、衝撃に強く価格的にも有利で、高設ベンチ栽培用に好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のイチゴの栽培容器を用いた高設ベンチの例である。
【図2】本発明のイチゴの栽培容器の樋状部材の断面形状の例である。
【符号の説明】
1:樋状部材
2:止り部材
3:支持脚
4:培地
5:透水部材
6:排水孔
7:排水溝[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a strawberry cultivation container made of a polyolefin resin suitable for cultivation of an elevated bench (stand) employing a solar thermal soil disinfection method and a strawberry cultivation method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Strawberry production is usually carried out by collecting and raising seedlings that can form ahead of the runners extending from the parent strain, performing flower bud differentiation promotion treatment by night cooling, mountain climbing, etc., and then planting and cultivating in this field. It is done by means of fruiting and harvesting fruits. Conventionally, seedling raising and cultivation in the main field are soil cultivation performed on the ground surface, so that producers have been forced to work for a long time while bending their knees and hips. The difficulty of this work has been a major cause of the decrease in strawberry producers and, consequently, the sown area.
In addition, growing strawberries on the open ground surface makes it difficult to control the growth environment and easily causes diseases and pests, making it difficult to obtain uniform and high-quality healthy seedlings. Was not enough.
[0003]
In order to solve these problems, an elevated cultivation method using a cylindrical cultivation container (pot) (JP-A-10-108548) and a raised floor type bench cultivation system (JP-A-10-178927) have been proposed and put into practical use. ing. These elevated cultivation methods are methods of raising a strawberry seedling or cultivation by placing a container containing soil or medium prepared in advance at a certain height, and usually in a facility such as a glass room or a house. , Implemented under complete fertility management. The work is performed while standing, and the conventional work with the knee and waist bent is improved.
When the container for storing the soil or the culture medium is a pot, one strawberry is planted in one pot, and when the container is gutter-shaped or box-shaped, a plurality of strains are planted in one. The material of the container is generally plastic, and in the case of a pot, it is an injection-molded product such as polyethylene or polypropylene. If the container is gutter-shaped or box-shaped, it may be a shaped extruded product of polyvinyl chloride resin or a foamed product of styrene resin, etc.In the case of a shaped extruded product, separate both ends so that the soil or medium does not overflow. Is divided by the member.
[0004]
Strawberry producers need to make enough harvests with little investment to get enough profits from erecting vessels. To this end, it is necessary to increase the number of plants to be planted by narrowing the number of plants, increase the yield per unit area, minimize the damage of pests and insects, and keep equipment and materials including the culture medium as long as possible. Must be used repeatedly for a period. For that purpose, disinfection of soil or culture medium is indispensable to avoid continuous cropping failure.
Conventionally, chemicals such as methyl bromide have been used for soil disinfection. However, in view of environmental problems and health, it has been desired to use a solar thermal soil disinfection method that does not use chemicals. In the solar thermal soil disinfection method, the house is closed during the high temperature period of July to August, the indoor temperature is maintained at 60 ° C or higher, and the temperature of the medium and the ground floor in the bench is maintained at 40 ° C or higher for 10 days to 2 weeks. This kills the main soil-borne pathogens.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when using the solar thermal soil disinfection method, the strawberry cultivation container is exposed to a relatively high temperature for a long time with the soil or medium filled, and the strawberry cultivation container is formed of polyvinyl chloride resin or styrofoam resin. In the case of a product, it is deformed and causes a disease such as root rot due to a problem such as poor drainage in subsequent use. In addition, strawberry cultivation containers made of polyvinyl chloride resin are heavy because the density of the vinyl chloride resin is large, making it difficult to carry out operations such as transporting, and cultivation containers made of styrene foam are lightweight, but weak in impact and bulky. was there. Further, when the vinyl chloride resin or styrene foam is incinerated for waste treatment, there is a problem that hydrogen chloride gas, black smoke and the like are generated.
[0006]
For this reason, there has been a demand for a cultivation container for strawberry made of a polyolefin resin, which is relatively easy to incinerate after use, has a low density, is strong against impact, and is advantageous in cost. Polyolefin resins that meet this requirement include impact-resistant polypropylene resins and high-density polyethylene resins, all of which are crystalline resins and, unlike amorphous vinyl chloride resins, melt at processing temperatures. Because of its low viscosity, it was not suitable for profile extrusion in which a trough-shaped molded product used for a cultivation container can be continuously molded.
The present invention does not deform even when disinfecting the soil or the culture medium in the cultivation container using the solar thermal soil disinfection method, is lightweight and not bulky, and is formed by a compound that can be extruded strongly in a shock-resistant manner. It is an object of the present invention to provide a strawberry cultivation container made of a polyolefin resin, which is advantageous for cultivating an elevated bench, and a strawberry cultivation method using the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a gutter-like member obtained by extrusion-molding a molding compound obtained by adding an inorganic filler to a specific propylene-based resin composition is obtained. The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by a cultivation container used and a cultivation method using the same, and completed the present invention.
[0008]
That is, the present invention has the following configurations.
(1)Selected from crystalline polypropylene homopolymer or crystalline propylene-ethylene random copolymer having a propylene content of 90% by weight or moreCrystalline polypropylene andContains from 40 to 70% by weight of ethylene polymerized unitsPropylene resin composition comprising propylene-ethylene random copolymerWherein the content of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer in the propylene-based resin composition is 5 to 30% by weight, and the Q value (M w / M n ) Is 5 or lessA composition comprising a propylene-based resin composition and an inorganic filler as essential components, wherein the content of the inorganic filler is 20 to 40% by weight, the melt flow rate is 0.1 to 2.0 g / 10 minutes, and A strawberry cultivation container using a gutter-like member obtained by extruding a composition having a deflection temperature under load of 100 ° C. or higher.
(2) A strawberry cultivation method characterized by using the strawberry cultivation container of (1).
(3) The strawberry cultivation method according to (2), wherein the strawberry cultivation container is placed on a gantry and used.
(4) The strawberry cultivation method according to (2) or (3), wherein the soil or the culture medium in the strawberry cultivation container is subjected to solar heat disinfection.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
In the strawberry cultivation container and the strawberry cultivation method using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, the crystalline polypropylene which is a component of the propylene-based resin composition used in the compound for producing the strawberry cultivation container is a crystalline polypropylene. Homopolymer or crystalline propylene-ethylene random copolymer having a propylene content of 90% by weight or moreIs usedThe higher the propylene content, the higher the rigidity of the propylene-based resin composition.
The propylene-ethylene copolymer which is a component of the propylene-based resin composition is a propylene-ethylene random copolymer containing 40 to 70% by weight, preferably 50 to 65% by weight of ethylene polymerization units. When the content of ethylene polymerized units in the propylene-ethylene random copolymer is significantly less than 40% by weight, the impact resistance of the strawberry cultivation container is reduced. There is a possibility that the droop of the molten compound becomes large and the defective molding rate increases or molding becomes impossible.
that's all
[0010]
The content of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer in the propylene-based resin composition is 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight. When the amount is less than 5% by weight, the low-temperature impact resistance of the strawberry cultivation container is insufficient. When the amount exceeds 30% by weight, deformation may occur in solar heat disinfection.
The propylene-based resin composition has a narrow-dispersion molecular weight distribution with a Q value (Mw / Mn) of 5 or less, preferably 4.5 or less. When the Q value exceeds 5 and the molecular weight distribution width increases, the surface smoothness of the strawberry cultivation container decreases.
[0011]
In the strawberry cultivation container and the strawberry cultivation method using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, the melt flow rate (abbreviated to MFR, JIS K 7210 "Flow test method for thermoplastics") of the compound for producing the strawberry cultivation container Table 1 Condition 14 (measured under a test temperature of 230 ° C. and a test load of 21.18 N) is 0.1 to 2.0 g / 10 min, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 g / 10 min, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5 g / 10 min. 1.0 g / 10 min. Meltov
When the low rate is less than 0.1 g / 10 minutes, when extruding a gutter-like member of a strawberry cultivation container using the above-mentioned composition, surging or melt fracture occurs and the extrudability decreases. The surface of the obtained extruded product may be rough, and if it exceeds 2.0 g / 10 minutes, dripping of the melted compound becomes remarkable when extrusion molding is performed, so that molding cannot be performed. May not be obtained.
In order to obtain a composition for producing the strawberry cultivation container having a melt flow rate of 0.1 to 2.0 g / 10 minutes, the melt of the propylene-based resin composition as a component of the composition is required. The flow rate is 0.1 to 2.0 g / 10 minutes, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 g / 10 minutes, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.0 g / 10 minutes.
[0012]
The propylene-based resin composition may be produced by any method as long as the above-mentioned various properties are satisfied. For example, a method in which crystalline polypropylene and propylene-ethylene copolymer separately manufactured are mixed using a mixing apparatus, and a method in which crystalline polypropylene and propylene-ethylene copolymer are continuously manufactured by multi-stage polymerization. Is mentioned.
[0013]
Specifically, as a method of mixing and producing, for example, a method of melt-mixing a propylene-ethylene copolymer polymerized using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst such as a titanium-supported catalyst or a commercially available ethylene-propylene rubber and crystalline polypropylene can be exemplified. . In addition, as a method of continuously producing by multi-stage polymerization, a method of producing crystalline polypropylene in the first stage and producing a propylene-ethylene copolymer in the second stage using a plurality of polymerization vessels can be exemplified. This continuous polymerization method is a preferable method because the production cost is lower than the above-mentioned melt mixing method, and a propylene-based resin composition in which propylene-ethylene copolymer is uniformly dispersed in crystalline polypropylene is obtained. .
[0014]
In the strawberry cultivation container and the strawberry cultivation method using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, the composition for producing the strawberry cultivation container contains 20 to 40% by weight of an inorganic filler.
The inorganic filler improves the elasticity, heat resistance, dimensional stability, and appearance of the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, improves the shape imparting property during extrusion molding (shaping property), and reduces costs. It is used for the purpose. When the content of the inorganic filler in the composition exceeds 40% by weight, dripping by the weight of the composition melted at the time of extrusion molding becomes too large to be easily formed, and the strength of the obtained strawberry cultivation container is increased. If it is less than 20% by weight, the effect of improving heat resistance, dimensional stability, shapeability, etc., is not sufficient.
The inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and any one can be selected from those conventionally used in propylene resin compositions.Specifically, calcium carbonate, silica, talc, hydrotalcite, zeolite, Examples thereof include aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate.
These inorganic fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0015]
In the composition for extruding and processing the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, in addition to the propylene-based resin composition and the inorganic filler, heat stability and high melt viscosity at the time of molding, heat deformation resistance of the molded product Is preferable to add an antioxidant such as a phenolic antioxidant or a phosphorus-based antioxidant in order to sufficiently express the above.
Examples of the phenolic antioxidant include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, n-octadecyl-3- (3 ′, 5′-di-t-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl) propionate; and the like.
Examples of the phosphorus antioxidant include tetrakis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) -4,4′-biphenylene-diphosphonite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite and the like. be able to.
[0016]
The above antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The addition amount of these antioxidants to 100 parts by weight of the propylene-based resin composition is 0.001 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight. Department.
In the above-mentioned composition, in addition to the propylene-based resin composition, the inorganic filler and the antioxidant, various additives which are usually added to polypropylene as required, for example, a neutralizing agent, a weathering agent, a lubricant, In addition to additives such as an antistatic agent and a colorant, a polymer such as ethylene-propylene rubber can be added to improve the moldability and physical properties of the compound.
Examples of the neutralizing agent include metal salts of higher fatty acids such as calcium stearate, and examples of the weathering agent include an ultraviolet absorber and a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS).
Examples of the lubricant include higher fatty acid amides such as stearamide.
Examples of the antistatic agent include fatty acid esters such as glycerin monostearate.
[0017]
JIS K 7207 "Method of testing the deflection temperature under load of hard plastic" of the composition for producing the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention B method (bending stress of 45.1 N / cm)2The deflection temperature under load measured according to ()) is 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 130 ° C. or higher. If the deflection temperature under load of the composition is less than 100 ° C., the strawberry cultivation container obtained by extruding and processing the composition may be significantly deformed during solar heat disinfection.
[0018]
The strawberry cultivation container of the present invention is manufactured by extrusion molding and processing a compound obtained by compounding the above-described additives and polymers, if necessary, in addition to the propylene resin composition and the inorganic filler. Is done.
A method of blending the above-mentioned additives and the like with the above-mentioned propylene-based resin composition to form a blend includes a high-speed stirring mixer such as a Henschel mixer (trade name) and a super mixer (trade name), and a blender or a tumbler. (Dry blending) using a conventional mixer. Further, a method in which the mixture obtained by the above method is melt-kneaded using a general single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder to form a pellet-shaped compound can be exemplified.
[0019]
The strawberry cultivation container of the present invention is manufactured by processing a gutter-like member obtained by extrusion-molding a composition containing the propylene-based resin composition and the inorganic filler as essential components.
In the case of the extrusion molding method, a gutter-like member having an arbitrary length can be continuously formed, but the length that can be manufactured is limited in terms of transportation and storage. For this reason, in order to manufacture and install an actual strawberry cultivation container using the above-mentioned gutter-like members, it may be necessary to connect a plurality of gutter-like members, and furthermore, for sealing both ends. A stop member is required.
Therefore, a large strawberry cultivation container is manufactured by a method in which gutter-shaped members formed by using an extrusion method are connected as necessary, and both ends are further sealed with stop members formed by using an injection molding method or the like. Is preferred.
[0020]
The shape of the stop member is not particularly limited as long as it can be attached to both ends of the gutter-like member. As the method of connecting the gutter-shaped members, a method of forming a joint member used for connecting a rain gutter by using an injection molding method or the like, a method of using a simple adhesive tape, or the like can be appropriately used.
In the cultivation using the strawberry cultivation container composed of the gutter-shaped member and the stop member, when the soil or the medium filled in the cultivation container is subjected to solar thermal soil disinfection, the load applied to the stop member is the gutter-shaped member. When the load applied to the stop member is significantly smaller than the applied load, the molding material of the stop member can be selected from a compound other than the above-described compound. The molding material for forming the joint member used for connecting the gutter-like members can also be selected from other than the above-mentioned compounds.
[0021]
The size of the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention varies depending on the structure of the strawberry cultivation container, the distance between the plants at the time of strawberry planting, the number of ridges, etc., but the inner method has a depth of 120 to 150 mm and a width of 1 ridge. It is preferably from 100 to 140 mm per strip. The length is preferably 4 m or less from the viewpoint of transportation and storage.
The strawberry cultivation container of the present invention is preferably used by being placed on a gantry. In the present invention, the gantry is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape and a material that can stably hold the strawberry cultivation container at a height and a position suitable for work and withstand a load.
In the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, a groove or a hole is provided at the bottom of the strawberry cultivation container in order to discharge excess water and the like at the time of irrigation and to ensure the permeability of the soil or the culture medium, or a double-drain for drainage. A bottom structure or a water-permeable member can be laid, and these can be used together. The above-mentioned water-permeable member is desirably a member capable of withstanding the load of the soil containing water or the medium and exhibiting the function of water permeability and ventilation. Specific examples include a punched metal, a perforated plastic plate, a net, a woven fabric and a nonwoven fabric, and the like, and these can be used in combination.
[0022]
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an elevated bench using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, and FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional shape of the strawberry cultivation container.
When strawberry is cultivated using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, not only a plurality of strawberry cultivation containers are connected in series, but also FIG. Can be further installed in parallel as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 1 shows an example of an elevated bench in which four rows of strawberry cultivation vessels for single-row planting are installed in parallel. The left and right sides of the elevated bench are working passages, so that the fruits are not damaged during work. And fruiting on the other side. Films and nets are installed between the strawberry cultivation containers so that they can be easily harvested.However, in the case of film, the strawberry petals that have already bloomed may rot on the film and damage the fruit, so the strawberries that have already bloomed may be damaged. Nets with petals falling down are preferred. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a net is installed.
The mesh of the net is 5 to 10 mm, more preferably 6 to 8 mm. If the mesh size of the net is less than 5 mm, the petals of the strawberry which have finished blooming hardly fall under the net, and if the mesh size exceeds 10 mm, the fruit is caught in the eyes of the net and the fruit has a distorted shape, and the commercial value may be impaired.
[0023]
The strawberry cultivation container of the present invention can be used for both strawberry raising and cultivation in the main field, but is preferably used for cultivation in the main field. Raising seedlings at another place in terms of space utilization and fertilization management, selecting the obtained healthy seedlings, and planting them in the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention can prevent the occurrence and spread of disease.
When strawberry is cultivated using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention and an artificial medium, vermiculite, peat moss, coconut husk (coir dust), perlite, zeolite, calcined sand, carbide and mulch are appropriately mixed. It is preferred to use Furthermore, what added pulverized rice husk or peat may be used. These artificial media may be used alone or in combination with soil.
[0024]
The medium for cultivating strawberries using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention has physical properties such as light weight (temporary specific gravity of about 0.50), water retention, rich porosity, and carbon content. And those having a service life of 3 to 5 years are preferred. Specifically, a mixture of vermiculite, peat moss, mulch, sand and the like is preferable. The mixing ratio is not particularly limited, but the following ratios can be exemplified.
Vermiculite: peat moss: mullet soil: sand = 35: 35: 20: 10
Note that coconut husk (coir dust) may be used in place of the peat moss. A mixture obtained by further adding about 100 parts by weight of pulverized rice husk or peat to 100 parts by weight of the mixture at the above ratio may be used.
The amount of the medium used varies depending on the light receiving conditions, but is 2.5 to 3.5 liters per strawberry, and preferably 2.8 to 3.1 liters.
When strawberry is cultivated using the above-mentioned medium using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, the distance between strawberry strains is preferably about 20 cm.
[0025]
When strawberry is cultivated using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, fertilization is performed by adding 150 mg / liter of nitrogen, 500 mg / liter of phosphoric acid, and 150 mg / liter of potash at the time of mixing and preparing the above medium. . CDU can be exemplified as the nitrogen fertilizer. When the seedlings survive, additional fertilization is required. When planting the seedlings, for example, an LP compound fertilizer (LP) obtained by adding, for example, coated urea of nitrogen fertilizer with magnesia-heavy phosphorus as phosphoric acid and coated sulfate Kali as potash is used. If a fertilizer-controlling coated fertilizer such as Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) is applied in advance in the form of a base fertilizer immediately below the planting hole, it can be cultivated almost entirely by irrigation without the need for additional fertilization. % Can be expected, so that the amount of fertilization can be reduced by 40 to 50% compared to the conventional method.
[0026]
When cultivating and growing strawberries using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, in order to heat the soil or medium, install piping or the like for passing hot water or hot air inside or outside the cultivation container, An electric heating device such as a sheet heating element can be installed. Further, the outside of the cultivation container may be covered with a heat insulating material for heat insulation.
When raising and cultivating strawberries using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, automatic or manual irrigation equipment or fertilization equipment can also be installed.
When strawberry is cultivated using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, a reflection sheet can be used to improve the coloring of the fruit.
Using the cultivation container of the strawberry of the present invention, using the above-mentioned medium, fertilizer-controlling-type coated fertilizer is fully fertilized in advance in the form of a base fertilizer, and strawberry seedlings are planted and cultivated erectly, thereby saving labor and reducing fertilization. High quality strawberries can be harvested with high yields while reducing food consumption and pesticides.
By using the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, strawberry cultivation of an environmental conservation type becomes possible.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention should not be limited by these.
In addition, the method of measuring the physical properties of the material of the strawberry cultivation vessel gutter-shaped member used in the examples and comparative examples is described below.
(1) Deflection temperature under load: JIS K 7207 “Testing method for deflection temperature under load of hard plastic” Method B (Bending stress 45.1 N / cm)2). The unit is ° C.
The test piece molding conditions are as follows.
Polypropylene-based resin composition: The pellet-shaped composition was molded into a JIS-type test piece at a melting temperature of 250 ° C and a mold temperature of 50 ° C using an injection molding machine.
Hard vinyl chloride resin compound: Laminate plates cut from the flat part of a commercially available gutter-shaped member, and after preheating with a hot press at a temperature of 180 ° C. for 3 minutes, 150 kg / cm2Press molding under a pressure of 2 minutes, and 150 kg / cm for 2 minutes with a cooling press at a temperature of 12 to 18 ° C.2The laminate obtained by solidifying under pressure was cut and formed into a JIS type test piece.
[0028]
(2) Density: A test piece was prepared in accordance with the test piece molding conditions of (1), and the test piece was measured in accordance with JIS K 7112 "Method for measuring density and specific gravity of plastic" method A. Unit is g / cm3.
(3) Melt flow rate (MFR): Using a propylene-based resin composition and a pellet sample of a compound for molding a strawberry cultivation container, JIS K 7210 “Method for testing the flow of thermoplastics” Condition 14 in Table 1 (Test The temperature was 230 ° C. and the test load was 21.18 N). The unit is g / 10 minutes.
For the propylene-based resin composition, a propylene-based resin composition produced continuously by multi-stage polymerization using a plurality of polymerization vessels to produce crystalline polypropylene in the first stage and produce a propylene-ethylene copolymer in the second stage Tetrakis [methylene-3- (3 ′, 5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane 0.05 part by weight and calcium stearate 0.1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the product powder Was added and mixed for 2 minutes using a Henschel mixer. The resulting mixture was granulated at 230 ° C. using a single-screw extrusion granulator having a diameter of 40 mmφ, and pelletized for measurement.
[0029]
Example 1
(1) Production of strawberry cultivation container molding compound
100% by weight of a propylene-based resin composition having a propylene-ethylene random copolymer content of 13.3% by weight, an ethylene polymerization unit content in the propylene-ethylene random copolymer of 60% by weight, and a melt flow rate of 0.35 g / 10 minutes. Parts by weight of tetrakis [methylene-3- (3 ′, 5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane 0.05 part by weight, calcium stearate 0.1 part by weight, gray pigment 4 Parts by weight, and talc as an inorganic filler (specific surface area 44,000 cm2/ G, average particle size 1.6 μm), and mixed for 2 minutes using a Henschel mixer, and granulating the obtained mixture at 230 ° C. using a single-screw extrusion granulator having a diameter of 65 mmφ. Then, a strawberry cultivation container molding compound in the form of pellets was obtained. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the physical properties of the compound pellets.
[0030]
(2) Extrusion molding of gutter members
The above-mentioned compound pellets were supplied to a single-screw extruder using a profile extruder (extruder is a single-screw extruder having a diameter of 90 mmφ) equipped with a die having an outlet for the molten resin having a shape shown in FIG. , Melted at 250 ° C., extruded, cooled and solidified while maintaining the shape in a vacuum sizing die with a length of 500 mm and a water tank (water temperature of 20 ° C.) with a length of 2 m, having the cross-sectional shape of FIG. A gutter-like member having a bottom width of 120 mm, a top width of 165 mm, an opening width of 140 mm, a height of 120 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm, and a length of 4 m was formed.
[Processing and assembly of strawberry cultivation container]
A hole having a diameter of 40 mm was formed in the center of the bottom surface of the gutter-like member having a length of 4 m in the width direction at every 400 mm in the length direction. Further, rain gutter parts made of hard vinyl chloride resin (Eslon stop P200, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were attached to both ends of the gutter member.
[0031]
(3) Preparation of medium and filling of strawberry cultivation container
The strawberry cultivation container is carried into a vinyl house with a frontage of 5.4 m and a length of 10 m, which is installed in Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture. At a total of four places, at a distance of 0.4 m, 2.6 m and 3.8 m, the bottom of the strawberry cultivation vessel is supported by a 25 mm diameter steel tube placed horizontally and perpendicular to its length. Set and fill 30 kg (60 liters) of a medium previously mixed at a ratio of 60 parts by weight of grass charcoal, 40 parts by weight of ground rice, 35 parts by weight of vermiculite, 35 parts by weight of peat moss, 20 parts by weight of mulberry soil, and 10 parts by weight of sand. The amount of bending of the strawberry cultivation container was measured. The amount of bending is the settling distance (mm) of the middle part of the strawberry cultivation container between the two support legs (distance: 1.2 m) from the horizontal plane. The results are shown in Table 1.
▲ 4 ▼ Solar heat disinfection
After irrigating the medium filled in the strawberry cultivation container, the house was closed and subjected to solar thermal soil disinfection for 15 days from July 27 to August 10, 1998, after which the house was opened to remove strawberries. The bending amount of the cultivation container was measured, and the solar heat disinfection deformability was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0032]
Example 2
Instead of the propylene resin composition of Example 1, the content of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer was 11.7% by weight, the content of the ethylene polymerization unit in the propylene-ethylene random copolymer was 59% by weight, and the melt flow rate was 0.1%. Except for using a propylene-based resin composition of 50 g / 10 min, similarly to Example 1, production of a compound for molding a strawberry cultivation container, extrusion molding of a gutter-shaped member, preparation of a culture medium, and preparation of a strawberry into a cultivation container Filling and solar disinfection were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0033]
Comparative Example 1
Except that the talc content of the strawberry cultivation container molding composition of Example 2 was set to 0% by weight, the production of the strawberry cultivation container molding compound and the extrusion of a gutter-shaped member were performed in the same manner as in Example 2. Done. The molten resin drooped at the exit of the die and extrusion of the gutter-like member could not be performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
Comparative Example 2
Instead of the propylene-based resin composition of Example 1, the content of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer was 11.7% by weight, the content of the ethylene polymerization unit in the propylene-ethylene random copolymer was 59% by weight, and the melt flow rate was 2. Except for using a propylene resin of 6 g / 10 minutes, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to produce a strawberry cultivation container molding compound and to extrude a gutter-shaped member. The molten resin drooped at the exit of the die and extrusion of the gutter-like member could not be performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0035]
Comparative Example 3
(1) Assembly of strawberry cultivation container
In the same manner as in Example 1, a drain hole was drilled in a hard vinyl chloride resin rain gutter having the same cross-sectional shape as that of Example 1 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Eslon Daito P200-4,000). At both ends, rain gutter parts made of hard vinyl chloride resin (Eslon stop P200, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were attached. The deflection temperature under load and the density were measured using a test piece obtained by processing a part of the above-mentioned hard vinyl chloride resin rain gutter.
[Preparation of medium and filling of strawberry cultivation container]
The medium was filled in the same manner as in Example 1, and the amount of bending was measured.
(2) Solar heat disinfection
After irrigating the medium filled in the strawberry cultivation container, the strawberry cultivation container was placed in the strawberry cultivation container of Example 1 and subjected to the same solar heat disinfection as in Example 1. Then, the house was opened and the amount of flexure was measured. The disinfecting deformability was evaluated.
Table 1 shows the measurement results.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003560485
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
Strawberry cultivation container of the present invention, even when disinfecting the soil or culture medium in the cultivation container using the solar heat soil disinfection method, without deformation, lightweight and bulky, and also advantageous in terms of impact resistance and price, Suitable for high bench cultivation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an example of an elevated bench using a strawberry cultivation container of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an example of a cross-sectional shape of a gutter-shaped member of the strawberry cultivation container of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Gutter member
2: Stop member
3: Support leg
4: Medium
5: Permeable member
6: drainage hole
7: Drainage ditch

Claims (4)

結晶性ポリプロピレンホモポリマーまたはプロピレン含有量が90重量%以上の結晶性プロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーから選ばれた結晶性ポリプロピレンおよび40〜70重量%のエチレン重合単位を含有するプロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーからなるプロピレン系樹脂組成物であって、前記プロピレン系樹脂組成物の中のプロピレン−エチレンランダムコポリマーの含有量が5〜30重量%で、Q値(M w/ n )が5以下のプロピレン系樹脂組成物と無機充填剤とを必須成分とする配合物であって、無機充填剤の含有量が20〜40重量%、メルトフローレートが0.1〜2.0g/10分、かつ、荷重たわみ温度が100℃以上である配合物を押出成形して得られる樋状部材を用いたイチゴの栽培容器。 Crystalline polypropylene selected from crystalline polypropylene homopolymer or crystalline propylene-ethylene random copolymer having a propylene content of 90% by weight or more, and propylene comprising a propylene-ethylene random copolymer containing 40 to 70% by weight of ethylene polymerized units a system resin composition, the propylene in said propylene-based resin composition - content of the ethylene random copolymer with 5-30 wt%, Q value (M w / M n) is 5 or less propylene resin composition A blend comprising a material and an inorganic filler as essential components, wherein the content of the inorganic filler is 20 to 40% by weight, the melt flow rate is 0.1 to 2.0 g / 10 minutes, and the deflection temperature under load is A cultivation container for strawberries using a gutter-like member obtained by extrusion molding a composition having a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. 請求項1のイチゴの栽培容器を用いることを特徴とするイチゴの栽培方法。A strawberry cultivation method comprising using the strawberry cultivation container according to claim 1. イチゴの栽培容器を架台の上に設置して用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のイチゴの栽培方法。The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the strawberry cultivation container is installed on a mount and used. イチゴの栽培容器中の土壌もしくは培地の太陽熱消毒を行なうことを特徴とする請求項2もしくは3に記載のイチゴの栽培方法。The method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the soil or medium in the cultivation container for strawberries is subjected to solar heat disinfection.
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KR101645458B1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-08-04 장현식 A method for cultivating strawberry seedlings using strawberry seedlings and cultivation

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JP4904759B2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2012-03-28 住友化学株式会社 Fertilization method in the cultivation of straw
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JP6918315B2 (en) * 2017-07-31 2021-08-11 伏原 肇 Strawberry cultivation method and strawberry seedling production method for harvesting large fruits

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KR101645458B1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-08-04 장현식 A method for cultivating strawberry seedlings using strawberry seedlings and cultivation

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