JP3560446B2 - Quick setting material, spraying material, and spraying method - Google Patents

Quick setting material, spraying material, and spraying method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3560446B2
JP3560446B2 JP17266297A JP17266297A JP3560446B2 JP 3560446 B2 JP3560446 B2 JP 3560446B2 JP 17266297 A JP17266297 A JP 17266297A JP 17266297 A JP17266297 A JP 17266297A JP 3560446 B2 JP3560446 B2 JP 3560446B2
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Prior art keywords
weight
parts
quick
setting
spraying
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JP17266297A
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JPH1112008A (en
Inventor
寺島  勲
克彦 矢澤
健吉 平野
弘 大野
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Denka Co Ltd
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Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039Premixtures of ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/10Accelerators; Activators
    • C04B2103/12Set accelerators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00086Mixtures with prolonged pot-life
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00146Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
    • C04B2111/00155Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば、道路、鉄道、及び導水路等のトンネルにおいて、露出した地山面へ吹付ける急結材、吹付材料、及び吹付工法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、トンネル掘削等露出した地山の崩落を防止するために急結材をコンクリートに配合した急結性吹付コンクリートの吹付工法が行われている(特公昭62−4149号公報)。
この工法は、通常、掘削工事現場に設置した計量混合プラントで、セメント、骨材、及び水を混合して吹付コンクリートを調製し、アジテータ車で運搬し、コンクリートポンプで圧送し、その途中に設けた合流管で、他方から圧送した急結材と混合し、急結性吹付コンクリートとして地山面に所定の厚みになるまで吹付ける工法である。
【0003】
現在市販されている急結材は、水ガラス系、アルカリ金属アルミン酸塩、アルカリ金属アルミン酸塩とアルカリ金属炭酸塩の組み合わせ、これらに仮焼明ばん石を組み合わせたもの、及びカルシウムアルミネートを主成分としたもの等が知られている。しかしながら、水ガラス系、アルカリ金属アルミン酸塩、アルカリ金属アルカリ炭酸塩、及びこれらに仮焼明ばん石を組み合わせたものは、急結性が小さいため、湧水箇所では吹付施工がしにくいという課題があった。又、セメントに対する急結材の最適添加量の範囲が狭く、実際の施工現場での管理が難しいという課題があった。
従来、アルミン酸ナトリウムを含有する急結材としては、アルミン酸ナトリウムと炭酸ナトリウムを併用した二成分系のもの、さらにカルシウムアルミネートを混合した三成分系のものが挙げられる(特公昭56−27457号参照)。
従来から、急結材としてアルミン酸ナトリウムを使用する場合には、そのNaO/Alのモル比は1.0未満という低モル比のものが一般的であった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、低モル比のアルミン酸ナトリウムは、長期保存性が非常に悪い、急結性が著しく低下するという課題があった。
そこで、本発明者は、前述の課題を解決すべく種々検討を重ねた結果、特定の無水アルミン酸ナトリウムを使用することにより、前述の課題が解決されるとの知見を得て、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、カルシウムアルミネート、NaO/Alのモル比が1.00〜1.30である無水アルミン酸ナトリウム、及びセッコウを含有してなることを特徴とする急結材であり、無水アルミン酸ナトリウムの最大粒径が0.30mm以下であることを特徴とする該急結材である。
そして、該急結材とを含有してなることを特徴とする吹付材料であり、該吹付材料を使用してなることを特徴とする吹付工法である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。
【0007】
本発明で使用するカルシウムアルミネートとは、CaO原料やAl原料等を混合したものを、キルンで焼成したり、電気炉で溶融したりする等の熱処理をして得られるものをいい、初期にセメントコンクリートの凝結を起こさせる急結成分である。
カルシウムアルミネートは、CaOをC、AlをAとすると、C A、C12 、CA、及びCA 等の鉱物組成で示されるカルシウムアルミネート熱処理物が挙げられ、これらの一種又は二種以上を併用してもよい。又、これらを粉砕したものであってもよく、さらに、その他の成分として、ナトリウム、カリウム、及びリチウム等のアルカリ金属が一部固溶したカルシウムアルミネート等も使用できる。これらの中では、反応活性の点で、非晶質のカルシウムアルミネートが好ましく、C12 組成に対応する熱処理物を急冷した非晶質のカルシウムアルミネートがより好ましい。
又、SiO 成分を含有するアルミノケイ酸カルシウム、C12 の1つのCaOをCaF 等のハロゲン化物で置き換えたC11・CaX (Xはフッ素等のハロゲン)、SO成分を含有するC・SOも同様に使用できる。更に、アルミナセメントも同様に使用できる。
カルシウムアルミネートの粒度は、ブレーン値で5000cm/g以上が好ましい。5000cm/g未満だと急結性や初期強度発現性が低下するおそれがある。
【0008】
無水アルミン酸ナトリウムは、NaOとAlを主成分とするものである無水アルミン酸ナトリウムは急結材の成分として非常に重要である。
無水アルミン酸ナトリウムは、カルシウムアルミネートに混合することにより、急結性と強度発現性を向上し、吹付後のコンクリート混練物の急結を促進させる作用を有するものである。
無水アルミン酸ナトリウムは、水酸化アルミニウムと水酸化ナトリウムとを水溶液に加熱溶解させることにより製造される。この製造過程においては、合成温度や乾燥条件によって無水物や含水物になり、ナトリウム分が多い場合には無水物が生成しやすい。本発明では、急結性や貯蔵安定性の点で、無水物を用いる
【0009】
無水アルミン酸ナトリウムは、モル比が1.00〜1.30が好ましく、1.05〜1.20がより好ましい。1.00未満だと急結性が小さいおそれがあり、1.30を越えると吸湿して貯蔵安定性が小さくなるおそれがある。
【0010】
無水アルミン酸ナトリウムの最大粒径は0.3mm以下が好ましく、0.05〜0.2mmがより好ましい。0.05mm未満だと吸湿して貯蔵安定性が小さくなるおそれがあり、0.3mmを越えると急結性が低下するおそれがある。
【0011】
無水アルミン酸ナトリウムの使用量は、カルシウムアルミネートと無水アルミン酸ナトリウムの合計100重量部中、1〜70重量部が好ましく、5〜40重量部がより好ましい。1重量部未満であると凝結性や強度発現性が低下するおそれがあり、70重量部を越えると強度発現性や貯蔵安定性が低下するおそれがある。
【0012】
硫酸塩(以下、本明細書では「硫酸塩」を「セッコウ」と読み替えるものとする)は強度発現性を向上させるものである。
発明で使用するセッコウは、強度発現性を向上するために使用するものである。セッコウとしては、無水セッコウ、半水セッコウ、及び二水セッコウ等が挙げられ、これらの一種又は二種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中では、強度発現性の点で、無水セッコウが好ましい。セッコウの粒度は、強度発現性の点で、ブレーン値で2500cm/g以上が好ましく、5000cm/g以上がより好ましい。2500cm/g未満だと強度発現性が低下するおそれがある。
【0013】
硫酸塩の使用量は、カルシウムアルミネート、無水アルミン酸ナトリウム、及び硫酸塩の合計100重量部中、10〜70重量部が好ましく、30〜60重量部がより好ましい。30重量部未満だと強度発現性が小さくなるおそれがあり、70重量部を越えると初期凝結が遅れ、地山に対する付着性が小さくなるおそれがある。
【0014】
急結材の使用量は、セメント100重量部に対して、3〜30重量部が好ましく、5〜20重量部がより好ましい。3重量部未満だと効果がないおそれがあり、30重量部を越えると急結材を圧送する圧送管が閉塞したり、長期強度発現性が小さくなるおそれがある。
【0015】
使用するセメントとしては、特に限定されるものではなく、普通、早強、超早強、及び中庸熱等の各種ポルトランドセメント、並びに、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、及びシリカセメントの各種混合セメント等が使用でき、これらを微粉末化して使用してもよい。これらの中では、一般的に使用されている普通ポルトランドセメントや早強ポルトランドセメントが好ましく、普通ポルトランドセメントがより好ましい。
【0016】
水の使用量は、セメント100重量部に対して、35〜65重量部が好ましく、40〜55重量部がより好ましい。35重量部未満だと粘性が大きくなって圧送性が低下したり、十分に混合できなかったりするおそれがあり、65重量部を越えると強度発現性が小さく、急結材の使用量を多く必要とするおそれがある。
【0017】
使用する細骨材や粗骨材といった骨材は吸水率が低くて、骨材強度が高いものが好ましいが、特に制限されるものではない。
粗骨材としては、川砂利、山砂利、及び石灰砂利等が挙げられ、細骨材としては、川砂、山砂、石灰砂、及び珪砂等が挙げられる。
【0018】
本発明では、他に、粉塵低減剤、凝結調整剤、減水剤、高性能減水剤、AE剤、AE減水剤、高性能AE減水剤、増粘剤、セメント膨張剤、防錆剤、防凍剤、高分子エマルジョン、シリカ質微粉末、シリカフューム、及び炭酸カルシウム等のうちの一種又は二種以上を併用してもよい。
【0019】
本発明の急結材の吹付工法は、モルタルやコンクリートの乾式混合物に添加し、圧搾空気によりホース内を圧送し、ノズル部直前で水を加えて吹き付ける乾式吹付方法や、モルタルやコンクリートの湿式混合物を圧搾空気により圧送し、Y字管の一方から急結材を添加し吹き付ける湿式吹付方法のどちらでも使用できる。これらの中では粉塵の発生量が少ない点で湿式吹付法が好ましい。
本発明の吹付工法においては、従来使用の吹付設備等が使用できる。
本発明の吹付工法は、施工性、物性、及び価格を満足できる範囲であれば、モルタルやコンクリートのいずれも使用して吹付けを行うことができる。
【0020】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。
【0021】
実施例1
カルシウムアルミネート42.5重量部、表1に示すNaO/Alのモル比の無水アルミン酸ナトリウム7.5重量部、及び硫酸塩50重量部からなる急結材を調製し、凝結時間を測定した。
又、各材料の単位量を、セメント400kg/m、細骨材1151kg/m、粗骨材629kg/m、及び水190kg/mとして吹付コンクリートを調製し、圧送速度4m /h、圧送圧力4kg/cm の条件下で、コンクリート圧送機「アリバ−280」で圧送した。
一方、この吹付コンクリートに、調製した急結材を、セメント100重量部に対して10重量部になるように、途中に設けたY字管の一方より急結材圧送機「ナトムクリート」を用いて、圧送圧力4.5kg/cm の条件下で空気圧送して吹付コンクリートと混合し、急結性吹付コンクリートとした。この急結性吹付コンクリートについて評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(使用材料)
セメント:普通ポルトランドセメント、市販品、ブレーン値3200cm/g、比重3.16
細骨材:新潟県姫川産川砂、表面水率4.0%、比重2.62
粗骨材:新潟県姫川産川砂利、表乾状態、比重2.64、最大寸法10mm
カルシウムアルミネート:C12組成に対応するもの、非晶質、ブレーン値6000cm/g
無水アルミン酸ナトリウム:水酸化アルミニウムと水酸化ナトリウムとを水溶液に加熱溶解させることによりNaO/Alのモル比を調製し、乾燥後粉砕したもの、無水物、最大粒径0.2mm
硫酸塩a:無水石膏、フッ酸副生石膏、ブレーン値5200cm/g
(測定方法)
凝結時間:温度20℃、湿度80%の恒温恒湿室において、セメント100重量部、調製直後の急結材10重量部、細骨材300重量部、及び水60重量部を計量した。モルタルミキサーにて、セメント、急結材、及び細骨材を10秒間空練り混合した後、水を加えて更に10秒間混合し、素早く型枠に充填し、プロクター貫入抵抗法(ASTM C−403−65Tに準拠)により凝結時間を測定した。又、急結材を袋詰めし、温度20℃、湿度80%の恒温恒湿室に6か月貯蔵したものについても同様に測定した。
圧縮強度:材齢1時間の圧縮強度は幅25cm×長さ25cmのプルアウト型枠に設置したピンを、プルアウト型枠表面から急結性吹付コンクリートで被覆し、型枠の裏側よりピンを引き抜き、その時の引き抜き強度を求め、(圧縮強度)=(引き抜き強度)×4/(供試体接触面積)の式から圧縮強度を算出した。材齢1日以降の圧縮強度は幅50cm×長さ50cm×厚さ20cmの型枠に急結性吹付コンクリートを吹付け、採取した直径5cm×長さ10cmの供試体を20トン耐圧機で測定し、圧縮強度を求めた。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0003560446
NaO/ AlOはモル比、hは時間、dは日。
【0023】
実施例2
カルシウムアルミネートとアルミン酸ナトリウムの合計100重量部中表2に示す量のカルシウムアルミネートとアルミン酸ナトリウム、並びに、硫酸塩をカルシウムアルミネート、アルミン酸ナトリウム、及び硫酸塩の合計100重量部中50重量部からなる急結材を、セメント100重量部に対して10重量部使用して急結性吹付コンクリートとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行なった。結果を表2に示す。
(使用材料)
無水アルミン酸ナトリウム(1):実施例1で調製した無水物、NaO/Alのモル比1.10、最大粒径0.2mm
アルミン酸ナトリウム(2):水酸化アルミニウムと水酸化ナトリウムとを水溶液に加熱溶解させることによりNaO/Alのモル比を調製し、乾燥後粉砕したもの、含水物、NaO/Alのモル比1.10、最大粒径0.2mm
無水アルミン酸ナトリウム(3):実施例1で調製した無水物、NaO/Alのモル比1.10、最大粒径0.3mm
【0024】
【表2】
Figure 0003560446
カルシウムアルミネートとアルミン酸ナトリウムは重量部、hは時間、dは日。
【0025】
実施例3
カルシウムアルミネート85重量部、無水アルミン酸ナトリウム(1)15重量部、並びに、カルシウムアルミネート、無水アルミン酸ナトリウム、及び硫酸塩の合計100重量部中、表3に示す量の硫酸塩からなる急結材を、セメント100重量部に対して10重量部使用して急結性吹付コンクリートとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表3に示す。
(使用材料)
硫酸塩b:二水セッコウ粉砕品、ブレーン値5500cm/g
硫酸塩c:硫酸アルミニウム粉砕品、ブレーン値5900cm/g
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0003560446
硫酸塩は、カルシウムアルミネート、無水アルミン酸ナトリウム、及び硫酸塩の合計100重量部中の重量部、凝結時間は秒、hは時間、dは日。
【0027】
実施例4
カルシウムアルミネート42.5重量部、無水アルミン酸ナトリウム(1)7.5重量部、及び硫酸塩50重量部からなる急結材を、セメント100重量部に対して表4に示す量使用して急結性吹付コンクリートとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表4に示す。
【0028】
【表4】
Figure 0003560446
急結材はセメント100重量部に対する重量部、hは時間、dは日。−は強度不足で測定不能。
【0029】
実施例5
カルシウムアルミネート42.5重量部、表5に示す無水アルミン酸ナトリウム7.5重量部、及び硫酸塩50重量部を混合して表5に示す期間貯蔵した急結材を、セメント100重量部に対して10重量部使用して急結性吹付コンクリートとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表5に示す。
(使用材料)
無水アルミン酸ナトリウム(4):実施例1で調製した無水物、NaO/Alのモル比0.90、最大粒径0.2mm
【0030】
【表5】
Figure 0003560446
凝結時間は秒。
【0031】
表5から明らかなように、アルミン酸ナトリウムの含水物を使用した場合は、貯蔵日数が経過するにつれて始発・終結時間共に遅くなる傾向であるのに対して、アルミン酸ナトリウムの無水物を使用した配合は、6ヶ月の貯蔵においても始発・終結時間は殆ど変化せず、物性の低下も認められなかった。
【0032】
実施例6
カルシウムアルミネート42.5重量部、アルミン酸ナトリウム7.5重量部、及び硫酸塩50重量部を混合して表6に示す期間貯蔵した急結材を、セメント100重量部に対して10重量部使用して急結性吹付コンクリートとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、粉塵量、ダレ、及びリバウンド率を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
(測定方法)
粉塵量:急結性吹付コンクリートを4m/hの吹付速度で30分間、鉄板でアーチ状に製作した高さ3.5m、幅2.5mの模擬トンネルに吹付けた。10分毎に吹付場所より3mの定位置で粉塵量を測定し、得られた測定値の平均値を示した。
ダレ:急結性吹付コンクリートを4m/hの吹付速度で30分間、鉄板でアーチ状に製作した高さ3.5m、幅2.5mの模擬トンネルに吹付けた後の状態を観察した。ダレが生じなかったものを○とし、ダレが多少生じたものを△とし、ダレがかなり生じたものを×とした。
リバウンド率:急結性吹付コンクリートを4m/hの吹付速度で30分間、高さ3.5m、幅2.5mの模擬トンネルに吹付けた。吹付終了後、付着せずに落下した急結性吹付コンクリートの量を測定し、(リバウンド率)=(吹付けの際に模擬トンネルに付着せずに落下した急結性吹付コンクリートの重量)/(吹付に使用した急結性吹付コンクリートの重量)×100(%)の式より算出した。
【0033】
【表6】
Figure 0003560446
hは時間、dは日、粉塵量はmg/m、リバウンド率は重量%。
【0034】
表6から明らかなように、本発明品は、貯蔵直後と比較しても強度低下は認められなかった。しかも、粉塵発生率やリバウンド率も少なかった。又、1年間貯蔵した本発明品は急結性が強く、急結材の使用量も低減することができた。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明のカルシウムアルミネート、セッコウ、及びアルミン酸ナトリウム等を用いた急結材を使用することにより、従来のアルミン酸ナトリウムを用いたものと比較して、長期間の貯蔵においても物性の低下を示さない吹付け材を得ることができた。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a quick-setting material, a spraying material, and a spraying method that are sprayed onto an exposed ground surface in a tunnel such as a road, a railway, and a headrace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to prevent collapse of an exposed ground such as a tunnel excavation, a method of spraying quick-setting spray concrete in which a quick-setting material is mixed with concrete has been performed (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-4149).
In this construction method, usually, a mixing and mixing plant installed at the excavation work site mixes cement, aggregate, and water to prepare shotcrete, transports it with an agitator truck, pumps it with a concrete pump, and installs it along the way. This is a method of mixing with a quick-setting material pumped from the other by a confluent pipe and spraying it as quick-setting sprayable concrete to a ground surface to a predetermined thickness.
[0003]
The quick-setting materials currently on the market are water glass, alkali metal aluminate, a combination of alkali metal aluminate and alkali metal carbonate, a combination of calcined alunite, and calcium aluminate. What used as a main component is known. However, water glass, alkali metal aluminate, alkali metal alkali carbonate, and those combined with calcined alunite have a low quick setting property, so it is difficult to spray at the spring location. was there. Further, there is a problem that the range of the optimum addition amount of the quick setting material to the cement is narrow, and it is difficult to control the actual setting site.
Conventionally, as a quick setting material containing sodium aluminate, there are a two-component system in which sodium aluminate and sodium carbonate are used in combination, and a three-component system in which calcium aluminate is mixed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-27457). No.).
Conventionally, when sodium aluminate is used as a quick setting material, the molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 is generally as low as less than 1.0.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, sodium aluminate having a low molar ratio has problems that the long-term storage property is very poor and the quick-setting property is significantly reduced.
Therefore, the present inventor has conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, obtained the knowledge that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a specific anhydrous sodium aluminate, and made the present invention. It was completed.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is characterized by comprising calcium aluminate, anhydrous sodium aluminate having a molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 of 1.00 to 1.30, and gypsum. The quick-setting material, wherein the maximum particle size of anhydrous sodium aluminate is 0.30 mm or less.
A spraying material characterized by containing the quick-setting material, and a spraying method characterized by using the spraying material.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0007]
The calcium aluminate used in the present invention refers to one obtained by subjecting a mixture of a CaO raw material, an Al 2 O 3 raw material, and the like to a heat treatment such as firing in a kiln or melting in an electric furnace. It is a quick-setting component that causes the setting of cement concrete at an early stage.
As for calcium aluminate, when CaO is C and Al 2 O 3 is A, a calcium aluminate heat-treated product having a mineral composition such as C 3 A, C 12 A 7 , CA, and CA 2 can be mentioned. One type or two or more types may be used in combination. These may be pulverized, and further, as other components, calcium aluminate in which alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium are partially dissolved may be used. Among these, from the viewpoint of the reaction activity, the calcium aluminate amorphous are preferred, C 12 A 7 amorphous calcium aluminate obtained by quenching the corresponding heat-treated product of the composition is more preferable.
In addition, calcium aluminosilicate containing a SiO 2 component, C 11 A 7 .CaX 2 (X is a halogen such as fluorine) in which one CaO of C 12 A 7 is replaced by a halide such as CaF 2 , and an SO 3 component are used. The C 4 A 3 · SO 3 contained can be used in the same manner. Furthermore, alumina cement can be used as well.
The particle size of the calcium aluminate is preferably not less than 5000 cm 2 / g in Blaine value. If it is less than 5000 cm 2 / g, the quick setting property and the initial strength expression property may be reduced.
[0008]
Anhydrous sodium aluminate, as a main component Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3. Anhydrous sodium aluminate is very important as a component of the quick setting material.
Anhydrous sodium aluminate has an effect of improving quick setting and strength development by mixing with calcium aluminate and promoting quick setting of a concrete kneaded product after spraying.
Anhydrous sodium aluminate is produced by heating and dissolving aluminum hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution. In this production process, an anhydride or a hydrate is formed depending on the synthesis temperature and drying conditions, and when the sodium content is large, an anhydride is easily generated. In the present invention, an anhydride is used in terms of quick setting property and storage stability.
[0009]
The molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium aluminate is preferably from 1.00 to 1.30, more preferably from 1.05 to 1.20. If it is less than 1.00, the quick setting property may be small, and if it exceeds 1.30, moisture may be absorbed and storage stability may be reduced.
[0010]
The maximum particle size of the anhydrous sodium aluminate is preferably 0.3 mm or less, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 mm. If it is less than 0.05 mm, it may absorb moisture and the storage stability may be reduced, and if it exceeds 0.3 mm, the quick setting property may be reduced.
[0011]
The amount of anhydrous sodium aluminate used is preferably from 1 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably from 5 to 40 parts by weight, based on a total of 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate and anhydrous sodium aluminate. If the amount is less than 1 part by weight, there is a possibility that the coagulation property and the strength developing property may decrease, and if it exceeds 70 parts by weight, the strength developing property and the storage stability may decrease.
[0012]
Sulfate (hereinafter, "sulfate" is referred to as "gypsum" in the present specification) improves the strength development.
The gypsum used in the present invention is used to improve strength development. Examples of gypsum include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Among them, anhydrous gypsum is preferable in terms of strength development. The particle size of the gypsum, in terms of strength development, preferably 2500 cm 2 / g or more in Blaine value, 5000 cm 2 / g or more is more preferable. If it is less than 2500 cm 2 / g, the strength expression may be reduced.
[0013]
The amount of the sulfate used is preferably 10 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 30 to 60 parts by weight based on a total of 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, anhydrous sodium aluminate and sulfate. If the amount is less than 30 parts by weight, the strength development may be reduced. If the amount exceeds 70 parts by weight, the initial setting may be delayed and the adhesion to the ground may be reduced.
[0014]
The use amount of the quick setting material is preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of cement. If the amount is less than 3 parts by weight, there is a possibility that there is no effect.
[0015]
The cement to be used is not particularly limited, and includes various types of Portland cements such as ordinary, early-strength, ultra-high-strength, and moderate heat, and blast-furnace cement, fly ash cement, and various mixed cements of silica cement, and the like. They can be used, and these may be used after being pulverized. Among these, generally used ordinary Portland cement and early-strength Portland cement are preferred, and ordinary Portland cement is more preferred.
[0016]
The amount of water used is preferably 35 to 65 parts by weight, more preferably 40 to 55 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of cement. If the amount is less than 35 parts by weight, the viscosity may increase and the pumpability may be reduced, or the mixing may not be sufficiently performed. If the amount exceeds 65 parts by weight, the strength developing property is small and a large amount of quick-setting material is required. There is a possibility that.
[0017]
Aggregates such as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate to be used preferably have low water absorption and high aggregate strength, but are not particularly limited.
Coarse aggregates include river gravel, mountain gravel, and lime gravel. Fine aggregates include river sand, mountain sand, lime sand, silica sand, and the like.
[0018]
In the present invention, besides, a dust reducing agent, a setting regulator, a water reducing agent, a high-performance water reducing agent, an AE agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high-performance AE water reducing agent, a thickener, a cement swelling agent, a rust preventive, and an antifreeze , Polymer emulsion, siliceous fine powder, silica fume, calcium carbonate, or the like, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
[0019]
The method for spraying the quick-setting material of the present invention is a dry spraying method in which a mortar or concrete is added to a dry mixture of mortar or concrete, and the inside of the hose is pumped by compressed air, and water is added immediately before the nozzle portion to spray the mixture. Can be used by any of the wet spraying methods, in which compressed air is fed by compressed air, and a quick-setting material is added and sprayed from one of the Y-shaped tubes. Of these, the wet spraying method is preferred because the amount of generated dust is small.
In the spraying method of the present invention, conventionally used spraying equipment and the like can be used.
The spraying method of the present invention can perform spraying using any of mortar and concrete as long as workability, physical properties, and price can be satisfied.
[0020]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described based on examples.
[0021]
Example 1
A quick setting material comprising 42.5 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, 7.5 parts by weight of anhydrous sodium aluminate having a molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 shown in Table 1, and 50 parts by weight of a sulfate is prepared. The setting time was measured.
Also, the unit quantity of each material, cement 400 kg / m 3, fine aggregates 1151kg / m 3, the spray concrete was prepared as coarse aggregate 629kg / m 3, and water 190 kg / m 3, pumping speed 4m 3 / h Under a condition of a pumping pressure of 4 kg / cm 2 using a concrete pumping machine “Aliba-280”.
On the other hand, the prepared quick-setting material was added to this shotcrete by using a quick-setting material pumping machine “Natom Cleat” from one of the Y-shaped pipes provided on the way so that the prepared quick-setting material would be 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement. Then, it was pneumatically fed under the condition of a pumping pressure of 4.5 kg / cm 2 and mixed with the sprayed concrete to obtain a quick-setting sprayed concrete. This quick setting sprayed concrete was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
(Material used)
Cement: ordinary Portland cement, commercial product, Blaine value 3200 cm 2 / g, specific gravity 3.16
Fine aggregate: river sand from Himekawa, Niigata Prefecture, surface water rate 4.0%, specific gravity 2.62
Coarse aggregate: Gravel from Himekawa, Niigata, surface dry, specific gravity 2.64, maximum dimension 10 mm
Calcium aluminate: corresponding to C 12 A 7 composition, amorphous, Blaine value 6000 cm 2 / g
Anhydrous sodium aluminate in a molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 was prepared by heating and dissolving in an aqueous solution of aluminum hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, which was crushed after drying, anhydrides, maximum particle diameter 0. 2mm
Sulfate a: anhydrous gypsum, hydrofluoric acid by-product gypsum, Blaine value 5200 cm 2 / g
(Measuring method)
Setting time: 100 parts by weight of cement, 10 parts by weight of quick-setting material immediately after preparation, 300 parts by weight of fine aggregate, and 60 parts by weight of water were measured in a constant temperature and humidity room at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 80%. Cement, quick-setting material, and fine aggregate are kneaded and mixed in a mortar mixer for 10 seconds, and then water is added and mixed for another 10 seconds. The mixture is quickly filled into a mold and subjected to a proctor penetration resistance method (ASTM C-403). The setting time was measured according to -65T). In addition, the quick setting material was packed in a bag and stored in a constant temperature and humidity room at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 80% for 6 months.
Compressive strength: Compressive strength for one hour of age is as follows. A pin installed on a pull-out mold having a width of 25 cm x a length of 25 cm is covered with quick-setting sprayable concrete from the surface of the pull-out mold, and the pin is pulled out from the back side of the mold. The pull-out strength at that time was determined, and the compressive strength was calculated from the formula of (compression strength) = (pull-out strength) × 4 / (sample contact area). The compressive strength after 1 day of material age is measured by spraying quick-setting spray concrete onto a mold 50 cm wide x 50 cm long x 20 cm thick, and collecting a sample of 5 cm diameter x 10 cm length with a 20-ton pressure machine. Then, the compressive strength was determined.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003560446
Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 is a molar ratio, h is time, and d is day.
[0023]
Example 2
The amount of calcium aluminate and sodium aluminate and the amount of sulfate shown in Table 2 in 100 parts by weight of the total of calcium aluminate and sodium aluminate, and the amount of sulfate in 50 parts by weight in total of 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, sodium aluminate and sulfate The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 parts by weight of the quick-setting material composed of parts by weight was used with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement to obtain a quick-setting sprayable concrete. Table 2 shows the results.
(Material used)
Anhydrous sodium aluminate (1) : anhydride prepared in Example 1, Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio 1.10, maximum particle size 0.2 mm
Sodium aluminate (2) : The molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 is adjusted by heating and dissolving aluminum hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution, dried, pulverized, hydrated, Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio 1.10, maximum particle size 0.2 mm
Anhydrous sodium aluminate (3): anhydride prepared in Example 1, Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio 1.10, maximum particle diameter 0.3mm
[0024]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003560446
Calcium aluminate and sodium aluminate are parts by weight, h is hours and d is days.
[0025]
Example 3
A rapid mixture consisting of 85 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, 15 parts by weight of anhydrous sodium aluminate (1) , and 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, anhydrous sodium aluminate and sulfate in the amount shown in Table 3 The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 parts by weight of the binder was used with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement to form a quick setting sprayable concrete. Table 3 shows the results.
(Material used)
Sulfate b: ground water gypsum, Blaine value 5500 cm 2 / g
Sulfate c: pulverized aluminum sulfate, Blaine value 5900 cm 2 / g
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003560446
Sulfates are parts by weight in total 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, anhydrous sodium aluminate, and sulfates, the setting time is seconds, h is hours, and d is days.
[0027]
Example 4
A quick setting material consisting of 42.5 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, 7.5 parts by weight of anhydrous sodium aluminate (1) , and 50 parts by weight of a sulfate is used in an amount shown in Table 4 with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement. The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that quick-setting sprayed concrete was used. Table 4 shows the results.
[0028]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003560446
The quick setting material is parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of cement, h is time, and d is days. -Indicates that the measurement was not possible due to insufficient strength.
[0029]
Example 5
42.5 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, 7.5 parts by weight of anhydrous sodium aluminate shown in Table 5, and 50 parts by weight of sulfate were mixed and the quick-setting material stored for the period shown in Table 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of cement. The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts by weight of the concrete was used as quick-setting spray concrete. Table 5 shows the results.
(Material used)
Anhydrous sodium aluminate (4) : anhydride prepared in Example 1, molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 0.90, maximum particle size 0.2 mm
[0030]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003560446
Setting time is seconds.
[0031]
As is evident from Table 5, when the hydrate of sodium aluminate was used, the initial and end times tended to be slower as the storage days passed, whereas the anhydrous sodium aluminate was used. In the formulation, the starting and ending times hardly changed even after storage for 6 months, and no deterioration in physical properties was observed.
[0032]
Example 6
42.5 parts by weight of calcium aluminate, 7.5 parts by weight of sodium aluminate, and 50 parts by weight of a sulfate were mixed and stored for 10 days by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement. Except for using it as quick-setting spray concrete, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, and the amount of dust, dripping, and rebound rate were measured. Table 6 shows the results.
(Measuring method)
Dust amount: Quick-setting sprayed concrete was sprayed at a spraying speed of 4 m 3 / h for 30 minutes onto a simulated tunnel 3.5 m high and 2.5 m wide made of an iron plate in an arch shape. Every 10 minutes, the amount of dust was measured at a fixed position 3 m from the spray location, and the average value of the measured values was shown.
Sag: Rapid-setting sprayed concrete was sprayed at a spraying speed of 4 m 3 / h for 30 minutes onto a simulated tunnel 3.5 m high and 2.5 m wide made of an iron plate in an arched shape. The sample was evaluated as ○ when no dripping occurred, as Δ when slightly dripping occurred, and as × when dripping occurred considerably.
Rebound rate: Rapid-setting sprayed concrete was sprayed at a spraying speed of 4 m 3 / h for 30 minutes onto a simulated tunnel having a height of 3.5 m and a width of 2.5 m. After spraying, measure the amount of quick-setting spray concrete that fell without adhering, and (rebound rate) = (weight of quick-setting spray concrete that did not adhere to the simulated tunnel during spraying) / The weight was calculated from the formula of (weight of quick-setting spray concrete used for spraying) × 100 (%).
[0033]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003560446
h is time, d is day, dust amount is mg / m 3 , and rebound rate is% by weight.
[0034]
As is clear from Table 6, the product of the present invention did not show a decrease in strength as compared with that immediately after storage. Moreover, the dust generation rate and the rebound rate were low. In addition, the product of the present invention stored for one year has a quick setting property, and the amount of the quick setting material can be reduced.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
By using the quick-setting material of the present invention such as calcium aluminate, gypsum, and sodium aluminate, the physical properties are reduced even during long-term storage as compared with the conventional sodium aluminate. A spraying material not shown could be obtained.

Claims (4)

カルシウムアルミネート、NaO/Alのモル比が1.00〜1.30である無水アルミン酸ナトリウム、及びセッコウを含有してなり、カルシウムアルミネートとアルミン酸ナトリウムの合計100重量部中、無水アルミン酸ナトリウムが5〜40重量部であることを特徴とする急結材。It contains calcium aluminate, anhydrous sodium aluminate having a molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 of 1.00 to 1.30, and gypsum, and a total of 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate and sodium aluminate A quick-setting material, wherein anhydrous sodium aluminate is 5 to 40 parts by weight. 無水アルミン酸ナトリウムの最大粒径が0.30mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の急結材。2. The quick-setting material according to claim 1, wherein the maximum particle size of the anhydrous sodium aluminate is 0.30 mm or less. セメントと、請求項1又は2記載の急結材とを含有してなることを特徴とする吹付材料。A spray material comprising a cement and the quick-setting material according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項3記載の吹付材料を使用してなることを特徴とする吹付工法。A spraying method comprising using the spraying material according to claim 3.
JP17266297A 1997-06-27 1997-06-27 Quick setting material, spraying material, and spraying method Expired - Fee Related JP3560446B2 (en)

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