JP3554024B2 - Method for producing vinyl naphthalene - Google Patents

Method for producing vinyl naphthalene Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3554024B2
JP3554024B2 JP13898594A JP13898594A JP3554024B2 JP 3554024 B2 JP3554024 B2 JP 3554024B2 JP 13898594 A JP13898594 A JP 13898594A JP 13898594 A JP13898594 A JP 13898594A JP 3554024 B2 JP3554024 B2 JP 3554024B2
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Prior art keywords
naphthalene
vinyl naphthalene
ethylnaphthalene
reaction product
solvent
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JP13898594A
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JPH083080A (en
Inventor
豊喜 富永
省太 白坂
捷寿 井手
正拡 三ヶ尻
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Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Chemical Co Ltd
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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は2−ビニルナフタレン等のビニルナフタレンの製造方法に関するものである。ビニルナフタレンは、樹脂改質用モノマ−などの共重合用モノマ−や耐熱性樹脂モノマ−として有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
2−ビニルナフタレンの製造方法としては、β−(2−ナフチル)エタノ−ルを苛性カリの存在下で、約170℃で加熱して脱水する方法(D.Sontag,Compt.rend.,197,1330(1933) ) やβ−(2−ナフチル)エタノ−ルの酢酸エステルを窒素気流中350〜550℃で熱分解する方法(M.Vizdal,V.Vesely, C.A.,49,10221(1955) )等が知られているが、原料となるβ−(2−ナフチル)エタノ−ルが比較的高価であるため、工業的大量生産に適した方法とはいえない。
【0003】
2−エチルナフタレンや1−エチルナフタレンはナフタレンをエチル化することにより容易に得られる化合物であり、これを脱水素することにより対応するビニルナフタレンを得ることができれば、有利である。
2−エチルナフタレンを脱水素して2−ビニルナフタレンを得ることは、C.A.,45,423(1951)やInd.Eng.Chem.,43,1685(1951)で知られているが、これらの方法は回分操作での反応であって、工業的生産方法としては経済性が劣る。
これを、連続的に製造しようとすると、反応生成物の結晶化やポリマ−の生成等のため、装置内の閉塞が起こり、連続運転が不能となる。
エチルナフタレンの脱水素は、基本的にはエチルベンゼンの脱水素に適用される方法を用いることが有利であると認められたが、製造装置内における重合防止の問題が解決しない限りこの方法の採用は困難であった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はビニルナフタレンを、エチルナフタレンを原料として製造することを目的とする。また、エチルナフタレンを脱水素してビニルナフタレンを製造する際、製造装置内での結晶の付着やポリマ−の生成、付着を防止して、長期間安定してビニルナフタレンを製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、エチルナフタレンを、スチームの共存下、脱水素触媒と接触させて脱水素し、ビニルナフタレンを含有する反応生成ガスを生成させ、この反応生成ガスに、ベンゼン、アルキルベンゼン類又はアルキルナフタレン類から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の冷却溶媒を添加して急冷し、ビニルナフタレンを前記冷却溶媒の溶液又は分散液として回収することを特徴とするビニルナフタレンの製造方法である。
【0006】
本発明で原料とするエチルナフタレンは、1−エチルナフタレン、2−エチルナフタレン又は両者の混合物であるが、好ましくは、2−エチルナフタレン又はこれを主とするものである。また、エチルナフタレンは、多少の不純物を含んでもよいし、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の非反応性の溶媒に溶解して使用してもよい。
【0007】
エチルナフタレンの脱水素は、スチ−ムの共存下、脱水素触媒と接触させて行う。脱水素触媒としてはエチルベンゼンの脱水素に使用されるような触媒、例えば、鉄−カリウム−クロム−酸素系、鉄−クロム−バナジウム−コバルト−カリウム−酸素系、マグネシウム−鉄−銅−カリウム−酸素系等の鉄系触媒やパラジウム系触媒等が挙げられる。
スチ−ムの量は広範に変化させることができるが、一般にエチルナフタレンに対し、1〜20重量倍、好ましくは5〜15重量倍程度が適当である。
反応はエチルナフタレンとスチ−ムとを、脱水素触媒が充填された反応器に導入して行うことが通常である。反応温度は触媒の種類、SV等により変化するが、500〜680℃の範囲が適当である。
【0008】
反応器から流出する反応生成ガスは、ビニルナフタレンのほか、メチルナフタレン、ナフタレン等の反応副生物、未反応エチルナフタレン等の高沸点成分とスチ−ム、水素等の低沸点成分ないしはガス分を主とするものであって、上記反応温度に近い温度を有しているものである。ここで、ビニルナフタレンは極めて重合性であって、特に高温ではそれが激しいので、急冷することが重要である。
そこで、本発明では反応器から流出する反応生成ガス、好ましくは流出した直後の反応生成ガスに冷却溶媒を添加して急冷する。好ましくは、ビニルナフタレンに対する良溶媒を添加して急冷すると共に溶解させる。
【0009】
冷却溶媒は常温で液体で、熱安定性が優れ、ビニルナフタレン、エチルナフタレンと沸点差及び融点差が大きいものが好ましく、より好ましくは上記要件を満たす他、ビニルナフタレンに対する溶解性が優れる良溶媒である。
冷却溶媒の具体例としては、芳香族又は脂肪族の炭化水素系溶媒、アルコ−ル系溶媒、水又は水溶液の水系溶媒などが挙げられる。
また、ビニルナフタレンに対する良溶媒とは、ビニルナフタレンを溶解する能力に優れる溶媒をいい、具体的にはベンゼン、アルキルベンゼン類(トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、ジエチルベンゼン等)などのベンゼン系炭化水素溶媒、アルキルナフタレン類(メチルナフタレン、エチルナフタレン、ジエチルナフタレン等)などのナフタレン系炭化水素溶媒、ジフェニルエタン、アルキル化残油などを挙げることができる。好ましくは、熱安定性が優れ、ビニルナフタレン、エチルナフタレン等と沸点差が大きいものである。沸点がより高い溶媒であれば、蒸留時にこれを残渣油として分離することができ、より低い溶媒であれば蒸留時に低沸点物として回収することができる。蒸留の熱エネルギ−を減らすためには、前者が有利である。
【0010】
この冷却溶媒の使用量は、反応生成ガスを150℃以下、好ましくは100℃以下に冷却するに足る量以上である。この温度であれば、ビニルナフタレン、エチルナフタレン等は液化又は固化し、冷却溶媒が良溶媒であればそれに溶解した溶液となり、水のような非溶媒であればそれに分散した液となる。このためには、冷却溶媒は反応原料として使用したエチルナフタレンの1〜20容量倍、好ましくは2〜10容量倍使用することがよい。
冷却溶媒は冷却効果を高めるため、反応生成ガスに噴霧することがよい。好ましくは、熱交換器へ均等に噴霧するようにする。また、常温程度又はそれ以下の低温としておくことがよい。
【0011】
急冷された反応生成ガスは、必要により更に冷却するための冷却器に送られ、ここでも直接冷却又は間接冷却により冷却され最終的に100℃以下、好ましくは50℃以下とされる。このように冷却された反応生成ガスはガスと液とからなり、且つ液は水と油又はこれらと固体とからなるので、気液分離、油水分離又は固液分離を行う。気液分離、固液分離は公知の方法で行うことができ、油水分離は比重差分離で行うことができる。
【0012】
分離された油相はビニルナフタレン、エチルナフタレン等と前記冷却溶媒を主とするものであるので、精製、回収工程に送られる。精製方法としては、蒸留、晶析等の公知の手段で行うことができるが、まず、蒸留又は固液分離で前記冷却溶媒を分離したのち、ビニルナフタレン、エチルナフタレン等を蒸留又は晶析又は両者の組み合わせによりそれぞれを分離、精製することが好ましい。なお、固体として分離した場合は、直接精製することができる。
そして、回収されたエチルナフタレンは反応原料として再使用することができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
実施例1
内径40mm、長さ1mの管に鉄系触媒(日産ガ−ドラ−G−84D )500ccを充填した反応器に、2−エチルナフタレンを100cc/hrで気化器に送り気化させ、スチ−ムと共に反応器に装入し、642℃で反応させた。スチ−ム/2−エチルナフタレンの重量比は5とした。
反応器から出る反応生成ガスには、反応器出口から10cmの位置に、冷却溶媒噴霧ノズルを設け、冷却器の管壁を均一に伝うように冷却溶媒としてのトルエン(常温)を、2−エチルナフタレンに対して5容量倍噴霧、添加して、急冷した。次いで、これを捕集し、気液分離し、液相は油水分離し、得られた油相について、トルエン等の低沸点物を除去したのち、ガスクロマトグラフィ−法で分析した。
この反応を72時間継続したところ、配管内に閉塞等が生じることなく、安定して運転ができた。
このときの転化率は74%、2−ビニルナフタレンの選択率は91%であった。また、原料及びビニルナフタレンを含む油相の分析結果を表1に示す。
実施例2
反応温度を636℃とした他は、実施例1と同様な実験を行った。この反応を72時間継続したところ、配管内に閉塞等が生じることなく、安定して運転ができた。
このときの転化率は71%、選択率は93%であった。
【0014】
比較例1
トルエンを、噴霧、添加しない他は、実施例1と同様な実験を行った。
この反応を1時間継続したところ、配管内に閉塞等生じて運転を中止せざるを得なくなった。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0003554024
【0016】
表において、Nはナフタレン、MNはメチルナフタレン、ENはエチルナフタレン、VNはビニルナフタレンを示す。数値は重量%である。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法によれば、結晶性や重合性の強いビニルナフタレンを、高温反応が必要ではあるが、経済的に有利なエチルナフタレンの脱水素法を用いて、連続的に長期間安定して製造することができる。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for producing vinyl naphthalene such as 2-vinyl naphthalene. Vinyl naphthalene is useful as a monomer for copolymerization such as a monomer for resin modification or a heat-resistant resin monomer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing 2-vinylnaphthalene, β- (2-naphthyl) ethanol is dehydrated by heating at about 170 ° C. in the presence of potassium hydroxide (D. Sontag, Compt. Rend., 197, 1330). (1933)) A method of thermally decomposing an acetate of β- (2-naphthyl) ethanol in a nitrogen stream at 350 to 550 ° C. (M. Vizdal, V. Vesely, CA, 49, 10221 (1955) )) Are known, but β- (2-naphthyl) ethanol as a raw material is relatively expensive and cannot be said to be a method suitable for industrial mass production.
[0003]
2-Ethylnaphthalene and 1-ethylnaphthalene are compounds easily obtained by ethylating naphthalene, and it would be advantageous if the corresponding vinylnaphthalene could be obtained by dehydrogenation.
Dehydrogenation of 2-ethylnaphthalene to obtain 2-vinylnaphthalene is described in C.I. A. , 45, 423 (1951) and Ind. Eng. Chem. , 43 , 1685 (1951), these methods are reactions in a batch operation, and are economically inferior as industrial production methods.
If this is to be manufactured continuously, clogging in the apparatus occurs due to crystallization of the reaction product and generation of polymer, and continuous operation becomes impossible.
For the dehydrogenation of ethylnaphthalene, it has been recognized that it is basically advantageous to use the method applied to the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.However, unless this problem of preventing polymerization in the production equipment is solved, this method cannot be adopted. It was difficult.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to produce vinyl naphthalene using ethyl naphthalene as a raw material. Also, the present invention provides a method for stably producing vinyl naphthalene for a long period of time by preventing the attachment of crystals and the formation and adhesion of polymers in a production apparatus when ethyl naphthalene is dehydrogenated to produce vinyl naphthalene. The purpose is to:
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, ethyl naphthalene is brought into contact with a dehydrogenation catalyst in the presence of steam to dehydrogenate to generate a reaction product gas containing vinyl naphthalene, and the reaction product gas contains benzene, alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes. And quenching by adding one or more kinds of cooling solvents selected from the group consisting of: and recovering vinylnaphthalene as a solution or dispersion of the cooling solvent.
[0006]
Ethylnaphthalene used as a raw material in the present invention is 1-ethylnaphthalene, 2-ethylnaphthalene or a mixture of both, and preferably 2-ethylnaphthalene or a main component thereof. Ethylnaphthalene may contain some impurities, or may be used by dissolving it in a non-reactive solvent such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
[0007]
The dehydrogenation of ethylnaphthalene is carried out by contacting with a dehydrogenation catalyst in the presence of steam. Examples of the dehydrogenation catalyst include those used for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, such as iron-potassium-chromium-oxygen system, iron-chromium-vanadium-cobalt-potassium-oxygen system, magnesium-iron-copper-potassium-oxygen system. Catalysts such as iron-based catalysts and palladium-based catalysts.
Although the amount of steam can be varied widely, it is generally appropriate to use 1 to 20 times by weight, preferably 5 to 15 times by weight, of ethylnaphthalene.
The reaction is usually carried out by introducing ethyl naphthalene and steam into a reactor filled with a dehydrogenation catalyst. The reaction temperature varies depending on the type of catalyst, SV, etc., but is suitably in the range of 500 to 680 ° C.
[0008]
The reaction product gas flowing out of the reactor mainly includes vinyl naphthalene, reaction by-products such as methyl naphthalene and naphthalene, high boiling components such as unreacted ethyl naphthalene and low boiling components such as steam and hydrogen, or gas components. And having a temperature close to the reaction temperature. Here, vinyl naphthalene is extremely polymerizable, and particularly at high temperatures, so that rapid cooling is important.
Therefore, in the present invention, a cooling solvent is added to the reaction product gas flowing out of the reactor, preferably, the reaction product gas immediately after the reaction product is cooled rapidly. Preferably, a good solvent for vinyl naphthalene is added, and the mixture is rapidly cooled and dissolved.
[0009]
The cooling solvent is liquid at normal temperature, has excellent thermal stability, preferably has a large difference in boiling point and melting point from vinylnaphthalene and ethylnaphthalene, and more preferably satisfies the above requirements, and is a good solvent having excellent solubility in vinylnaphthalene. is there.
Specific examples of the cooling solvent include aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol solvents, water or aqueous solvents of aqueous solutions, and the like.
In addition, a good solvent for vinylnaphthalene means a solvent having an excellent ability to dissolve vinylnaphthalene, and specifically, benzene-based hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and alkylbenzenes (toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, etc.), and alkylnaphthalene (E.g., methylnaphthalene, ethylnaphthalene, diethylnaphthalene, etc.), diphenylethane, alkylated residual oil, and the like. Preferably, it has excellent thermal stability and a large difference in boiling point from vinyl naphthalene, ethyl naphthalene, or the like. If the solvent has a higher boiling point, it can be separated as a residual oil during distillation, and if the solvent is lower, it can be recovered as a low-boiling substance during distillation. The former is advantageous for reducing the heat energy of the distillation.
[0010]
The amount of the cooling solvent used is at least an amount sufficient to cool the reaction product gas to 150 ° C. or lower, preferably 100 ° C. or lower. At this temperature, vinylnaphthalene, ethylnaphthalene, and the like are liquefied or solidified. If the cooling solvent is a good solvent, the solution becomes a solution dissolved therein. For this purpose, the cooling solvent is used 1 to 20 times by volume, preferably 2 to 10 times by volume of ethylnaphthalene used as a reaction raw material.
The cooling solvent is preferably sprayed on the reaction product gas to enhance the cooling effect. Preferably, it is sprayed evenly to the heat exchanger. Further, it is preferable to set the temperature to a low temperature of about normal temperature or lower.
[0011]
The quenched reaction product gas is sent to a cooler for further cooling if necessary, where it is also cooled by direct cooling or indirect cooling to finally reach 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 50 ° C. or lower. Since the reaction product gas thus cooled is composed of gas and liquid, and the liquid is composed of water and oil or these and solid, gas-liquid separation, oil-water separation or solid-liquid separation is performed. Gas-liquid separation and solid-liquid separation can be performed by a known method, and oil-water separation can be performed by specific gravity difference separation.
[0012]
Since the separated oil phase is mainly composed of vinylnaphthalene, ethylnaphthalene and the like and the cooling solvent, it is sent to a purification and recovery step. As a purification method, distillation, can be performed by known means such as crystallization, first, after separating the cooling solvent by distillation or solid-liquid separation, vinyl naphthalene, ethyl naphthalene and the like are distilled or crystallized or both. It is preferable to separate and purify each by the combination of When separated as a solid, it can be directly purified.
Then, the recovered ethyl naphthalene can be reused as a reaction raw material.
[0013]
【Example】
Example 1
A reactor having an inner diameter of 40 mm and a length of 1 m and filled with 500 cc of an iron-based catalyst (Nissan Gdora-G-84D) is fed into a vaporizer at a rate of 100 cc / hr with 2-ethylnaphthalene, and vaporized. The reactor was charged and reacted at 642 ° C. The weight ratio of steam / 2-ethylnaphthalene was 5.
The reaction product gas exiting the reactor was provided with a cooling solvent spray nozzle at a position 10 cm from the reactor outlet, and toluene (normal temperature) as a cooling solvent was added to 2-ethyl It was sprayed and added to naphthalene 5 times by volume and quenched. Next, this was collected, gas-liquid separated, the liquid phase was separated into oil and water, and the obtained oil phase was analyzed by gas chromatography after removing low-boiling substances such as toluene.
When this reaction was continued for 72 hours, stable operation was possible without clogging or the like in the piping.
At this time, the conversion was 74%, and the selectivity for 2-vinylnaphthalene was 91%. Table 1 shows the analysis results of the oil phase containing the raw material and vinyl naphthalene.
Example 2
The same experiment as in Example 1 was performed except that the reaction temperature was 636 ° C. When this reaction was continued for 72 hours, stable operation was possible without clogging or the like in the piping.
At this time, the conversion was 71% and the selectivity was 93%.
[0014]
Comparative Example 1
The same experiment as in Example 1 was performed except that toluene was not sprayed or added.
When this reaction was continued for 1 hour, the operation had to be stopped due to blockage in the piping and the like.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003554024
[0016]
In the table, N indicates naphthalene, MN indicates methylnaphthalene, EN indicates ethylnaphthalene, and VN indicates vinylnaphthalene. The values are% by weight.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the production method of the present invention, vinylnaphthalene having high crystallinity and polymerizability is required to be subjected to a high-temperature reaction, but is continuously stable for a long time by using an economically advantageous dehydrogenation method of ethylnaphthalene. Can be manufactured.

Claims (2)

エチルナフタレンを、スチームの共存下、脱水素触媒と接触させて脱水素し、ビニルナフタレンを含有する反応生成ガスを生成させ、この反応生成ガスに、ベンゼン、アルキルベンゼン類又はアルキルナフタレン類から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の冷却溶媒を添加して急冷し、ビニルナフタレンを前記冷却溶媒の溶液又は分散として回収することを特徴とするビニルナフタレンの製造方法。Ethyl naphthalene, the presence of steam, and dehydrogenation in contact with a dehydrogenation catalyst, to produce a reaction product gas containing vinyl naphthalene, are chosen to the reaction product gas, benzene, from alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes 1 species or two or more cooling solvent quenched by the addition method of vinyl naphthalene and recovering vinyl naphthalene as a solution or dispersion of said cooling solvent. 冷却溶媒をエチルナフタレンに対し、2〜10容量倍使用する請求項1記載のビニルナフタレンの製造方法。 The method for producing vinyl naphthalene according to claim 1, wherein the cooling solvent is used in an amount of 2 to 10 times the volume of ethyl naphthalene.
JP13898594A 1994-06-21 1994-06-21 Method for producing vinyl naphthalene Expired - Fee Related JP3554024B2 (en)

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