JP3552454B2 - Prismatic sealed battery - Google Patents

Prismatic sealed battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3552454B2
JP3552454B2 JP09548497A JP9548497A JP3552454B2 JP 3552454 B2 JP3552454 B2 JP 3552454B2 JP 09548497 A JP09548497 A JP 09548497A JP 9548497 A JP9548497 A JP 9548497A JP 3552454 B2 JP3552454 B2 JP 3552454B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
rectangular
battery
battery case
valve body
opening
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP09548497A
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JPH10289702A (en
Inventor
哲秀 後藤
文晴 阪下
康弘 竹内
文昭 飯田
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電池としての安全性を高めた角形密閉電池の、とくに安全弁部分の改良に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、各種携帯機器の普及に伴い電池、特に再充電可能な二次電池が広い分野で利用されている。これら機器に使用される電池として、従来より鉛蓄電池、ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池が用いられてきたが、最近ではこれにニッケル−水素蓄電池やリチウム二次電池などが加わってきた。
【０００３】
これらの再充電可能な電池の中で、鉛蓄電池、ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池、ニッケル−水素蓄電池等の水溶液系電解液を用いている電池では、いわゆるノイマン方式によって電池内部で発生するガスを対極で消費することにより、電池の密閉化を可能にしている。
【０００４】
一方、リチウム二次電池など非水電解液を用いた電池ではガスの電池内部での消失ができないため、過充電や過放電をさけることでその密閉化を図ってきた。
【０００５】
しかし、充電器の故障や、電池の誤使用、外部短絡などに起因した異常事態に陥った時、電池の内圧が異常に上昇し破裂に至ることがある。この電池の破裂を防止するために二次電池では、通常、電池の内圧が予め設定された値を超えた場合に、電池内部に発生したガスを外部に放出するように安全弁装置を備えている。
【０００６】
以下、安全弁装置を有する密閉型電池について説明する。図１は一般的な円筒型密閉電池の上部を破断して示した図である。この図において電池ケースの内部には、詳細な図示は行っていないが、セパレータを介して正極板と負極板とを重ね合わせた極板群とアルカリ電解液からなる発電要素４が収納されている。さらにケース１の開口部には封口板２がガスケット３を介してかしめ固定されている。封口板２は皿状であり、その上側には、安全弁装置を構成するためにも用いられるキャップ状の正極端子５が一体されている。この正極端子５は、フランジ部分のあるキャップ状をなしていて、その一部にはガス排気口５ａが形成されている。
【０００７】
この正極端子５と皿状の封口板２とに囲まれた空間に弁室６が形成されており、この弁室６に弾性弁体７を圧縮した状態で内蔵している。この弾性弁体７としては、金属バネやゴムの弾性を利用したものが一般的である。
【０００８】
以上のような構成の密閉型電池において、充電器の故障による過大な充電電流の流入や、転極を伴うような過放電などに起因して電池の内圧上昇が生じた場合、高圧状態となったガスは、封口板２の中央に設けた通気口２ａから弾性弁体に作用してこれを押し上げ、正極端子５のガス排気口５ａから外部へ排出される。
【０００９】
通常、円筒型密閉電池に用いられる上記の安全弁装置は、電池の内圧（Ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であるが、以下、単にＫｇという）が１０ｋｇ以上に達したときに、ガスが外部に放出されるように設定されている。従って、急激なガス発生を伴わない程度の過充電が行われた場合は、負極のガス吸収能力が低下するにつれて電池内圧は上昇する。この時、電池内部のガスが外部に放出されても問題なく、充電が停止されて電池の内圧が下がれば、安全弁装置は元の形に戻り、再び使用可能になるようにしている。また、急速充電を可能にするためには安全弁の定格許容圧力を２０ｋｇ程度まで高めることもある。その定格許容圧力の設定方法としては、弁体を構成するゴム等の弾性体の硬度を高めたり、あるいは弁体の圧縮率を大きくすることによって行われる。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一方、角形密閉電池ではケースの構造上、円筒型密閉電池に比べて、それよりも低い圧力で電池ケースが変形する危険性があり、安全弁の定格許容圧力の上限を１０ｋｇ程度に抑制せねばならない。また、下限側は電池性能確保の点から５ｋｇ以上とする必要があり、円筒型密閉電池に比べ狭い範囲での安全弁の作動コントロールが求められる。しかし、実際の角形密閉電池では安全弁の材質、形状に起因したバラツキ、電池設計上のバラツキ等が作用して、安全弁の作動圧力を狭い圧力範囲で調整することは難しかった。
【００１１】
本発明は、安全弁の作動圧力のバラツキを抑え、電池内圧上昇により生じる変形や破裂等の安全性の問題の解消と、電池特性の長期的安定が確保ができる角形密閉電池を提供することを目的としている。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために本発明では、角形密閉電池の安全弁装置の主要材料である弾性弁体をエチレンプロピレン共重合ゴムで形成し、しかも端子キャップ側に設けられる矩形の弁室に応じて上面形状を矩形とし、その対向する一対の辺の外面には位置規制用リブが外側に向けて張り出るよう一体に設けたものを用い、その当初、高さＨ１が、端子キャップの内部高さ寸法Ｈ２に圧縮される際、圧縮度合いが１６〜２４％となるよう構成したものである。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
エチレンプロピレン共重合ゴムは、そのゴム弾性が安定していて弾性弁体材料としては好適である。
【００１４】
矩形の端子キャップに設けられた矩形の弁室内に、このような上面形状が矩形の弾性弁体を適正位置で配置するため、弾性弁体の位置規制リブはその対向する一対の辺の外面に外側へ張り出すように設けることが望ましい。
【００１５】
また、弾性弁体の端子キャップ側弁室内部での高さ方向の圧縮度合いは、１６％未満では安全弁装置としての密閉性を確保できない。すなわち開弁時電池電解液の漏液を容易に生じ、電池特性の長期的な安定確保ができない。また圧縮度合いが２４％を越えると弁作動圧が上昇し、電池内圧が１０ｋｇ以上となり電池ケースの変形や破裂の危険性が生じる。
【００１６】
したがって弾性弁体の当初の高さ寸法Ｈ１の、弁室内高さ寸法Ｈ２に対応した圧縮度合いは、Ｈ１−Ｈ２／Ｈ１×１００（％）の計算式で１６〜２４％となることが望ましい。
【００１７】
【実施例】
以下本発明の実施例について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
【００１８】
図２は安全弁装置を配置した角形密閉電池の上部断面図である。その構造は封口板２の中央に絶縁ガスケット３を介してかしめ固定した中空リベット８の上部に安全弁装置を構成するためにも用いられるキャップ状で矩形の正極端子５が溶接されている。この正極端子５はキャップ状をなしており、その一部にはガス排気口５ａが形成されている。正極端子５とリベット８とに囲まれて弁室６が形成されており、この弁室６内には位置規制リブ７ａを一対の辺の外面に外側へ張り出るように一体に設けた弾性弁体７が圧縮された状態で配置されている。
【００１９】
この弾性弁体７の詳細は図３，図４に示すとおりであり、弁体７は矩形で、その対向する一対の辺の外面には薄肉なリブ７ａ（図４に示す）が一体に設けられている。この弁体７、それ自体の形状は図５のとおりであり、エチレンプロピレン共重合ゴムで形成された棹を所定寸法に切断して得られる。
【００２０】
図２に示す状態で安全弁装置を構成し、その弁体７の当初の高さＨ１を変え、弁室６内でのＨ２の高さとする圧縮度合いについての検討を行った。弁体７の圧縮度合いは、Ａ１６％，Ｂ２０％，Ｃ２４％，Ｄ１２％，Ｅ３０％とした。これらの安全弁装置を用いて容量６００ｍＡｈの小型の角形密閉電池を作成し、この電池をそれぞれ電池ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ，ｅとした。
【００２１】
これらの電池は、いずれも厚みが５．６ｍｍ、幅が１６．４ｍｍ、高さが４８ｍｍの角形のニッケル−水素蓄電池である。ａ〜ｅの５種類の電池を作成して０．０００２ｋｇ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃで内部加圧し、安全弁の作動圧を測定した結果を図６に示す。
【００２２】
図６より、本発明による電池ａ，ｂ，ｃの範囲では、角形密閉電池に求められる弁の作動圧を５ｋｇから１０ｋｇの範囲に制御することが可能であった。
【００２３】
本実施例では弾性弁体の高さ寸法により、弁室内での圧縮度合いを規制したが、弁室内の空間高さ寸法の規制によっても同様の効果が得られる。
【００２４】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、角形密閉電池の安全弁の作動圧の値を適正範囲に制御し、内圧上昇により生じる電池ケースの変形や破裂等の安全性低下の問題の解消と電池特性の長期的な安定確保ができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】円筒型密閉電池の上部破断図
【図２】本発明の角形密閉電池の上部破断図
【図３】同安全弁部分の拡大断面図
【図４】同側面よりの拡大断面図
【図５】同弾性弁体の斜視図
【図６】同弾性弁体の圧縮度合いと安全弁の作動圧との関係を示す図
【符号の説明】
１ 電池ケース
２ 封口板
３ 絶縁ガスケット
４ 発電要素
５ キャップ状の正極端子
５ａ ガス排気口
６ 弁室
７ 弾性弁体
７ａ リブ
８ 中空リベット[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a square sealed battery having improved safety as a battery, and more particularly to an improvement in a safety valve portion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the spread of various portable devices, batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary batteries, have been used in a wide range of fields. Conventionally, lead storage batteries and nickel-cadmium storage batteries have been used as batteries used in these devices. Recently, nickel-hydrogen storage batteries and lithium secondary batteries have been added to these batteries.
[0003]
Among these rechargeable batteries, batteries using an aqueous electrolyte such as a lead storage battery, a nickel-cadmium storage battery, and a nickel-hydrogen storage battery consume the gas generated inside the battery at the opposite electrode by the so-called Neumann method. By doing so, the battery can be hermetically sealed.
[0004]
On the other hand, in a battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte such as a lithium secondary battery, the gas cannot be lost inside the battery, so that the hermetic sealing has been attempted by avoiding overcharge and overdischarge.
[0005]
However, when an abnormal situation occurs due to a failure of a charger, misuse of a battery, an external short circuit, or the like, the internal pressure of the battery may abnormally rise and lead to rupture. In order to prevent the rupture of the battery, the secondary battery is usually provided with a safety valve device to release gas generated inside the battery to the outside when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a preset value. .
[0006]
Hereinafter, a sealed battery having a safety valve device will be described. FIG. 1 is a cutaway view of the upper part of a general cylindrical sealed battery. Although not shown in detail in this figure, a power generating element 4 made of an alkaline electrolyte and an electrode plate group in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are stacked via a separator are housed inside the battery case. . Further, a sealing plate 2 is fixed by caulking to an opening of the case 1 via a gasket 3. The sealing plate 2 has a dish-like shape, and a cap-like positive electrode terminal 5 that is also used to constitute a safety valve device is integrated on the upper side thereof. The positive electrode terminal 5 has a cap shape with a flange portion, and a gas exhaust port 5a is formed in a part thereof.
[0007]
A valve chamber 6 is formed in a space surrounded by the positive electrode terminal 5 and the dish-shaped sealing plate 2, and the elastic valve element 7 is housed in the valve chamber 6 in a compressed state. The elastic valve element 7 generally uses a metal spring or rubber elasticity.
[0008]
In the sealed battery having the above-described configuration, when the internal pressure of the battery increases due to an inflow of an excessive charging current due to a failure of a charger or an overdischarge accompanied by a reversal, a high voltage state occurs. The gas acts on the elastic valve body from the ventilation port 2 a provided at the center of the sealing plate 2 to push it up, and is discharged to the outside from the gas exhaust port 5 a of the positive electrode terminal 5.
[0009]
Usually, the above-described safety valve device used for a cylindrical sealed battery is designed so that when the internal pressure of the battery (Kg / cm 2 , hereinafter simply referred to as Kg) reaches 10 kg or more, gas is released to the outside. Is set to Therefore, when overcharging is performed to such an extent that no sudden gas generation occurs, the internal pressure of the battery increases as the gas absorbing capacity of the negative electrode decreases. At this time, there is no problem even if the gas inside the battery is released to the outside, and if charging is stopped and the internal pressure of the battery drops, the safety valve device returns to its original shape and can be used again. In order to enable quick charging, the rated allowable pressure of the safety valve may be increased to about 20 kg. The method of setting the rated allowable pressure is performed by increasing the hardness of an elastic body such as rubber constituting the valve body, or by increasing the compression ratio of the valve body.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, in the case of a rectangular sealed battery, due to the structure of the case, there is a risk that the battery case will be deformed at a pressure lower than that of the cylindrical sealed battery, and the upper limit of the rated allowable pressure of the safety valve must be suppressed to about 10 kg. . Further, the lower limit needs to be 5 kg or more from the viewpoint of securing the battery performance, and it is required to control the operation of the safety valve in a narrower range than the cylindrical sealed battery. However, in an actual rectangular sealed battery, it is difficult to adjust the operating pressure of the safety valve in a narrow pressure range due to variations due to the material and shape of the safety valve, variations in battery design, and the like.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to provide a sealed rectangular battery capable of suppressing variations in operating pressure of a safety valve, eliminating safety problems such as deformation and rupture caused by an increase in battery internal pressure, and ensuring long-term stability of battery characteristics. And
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, an elastic valve body, which is a main material of a safety valve device for a rectangular sealed battery, is formed of ethylene propylene copolymer rubber, and the upper surface is formed according to a rectangular valve chamber provided on a terminal cap side. The shape is rectangular, and a pair of position-regulating ribs are integrally provided on the outer surfaces of a pair of opposing sides so as to protrude outward, and the height H1 is initially the internal height of the terminal cap. When compressed to H2, the degree of compression is 16 to 24%.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Ethylene propylene copolymer rubber has a stable rubber elasticity and is suitable as an elastic valve body material.
[0014]
In the rectangular valve chamber provided on the rectangular terminal cap, such an elastic valve body having a rectangular top surface is disposed at an appropriate position.Therefore, the position regulating ribs of the elastic valve body are provided on the outer surfaces of a pair of opposing sides. It is desirable to provide so as to project outward.
[0015]
Further, if the degree of compression in the height direction of the elastic valve element in the valve chamber inside the terminal cap is less than 16%, the hermeticity of the safety valve device cannot be secured. That is, leakage of the battery electrolyte easily occurs when the valve is opened, and long-term stability of battery characteristics cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if the degree of compression exceeds 24%, the valve operating pressure increases, and the internal pressure of the battery becomes 10 kg or more, which may cause a risk of deformation or rupture of the battery case.
[0016]
Therefore, it is desirable that the degree of compression of the initial height H1 of the elastic valve body corresponding to the height H2 of the valve chamber is 16 to 24% in the calculation formula of H1−H2 / H1 × 100 (%).
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
FIG. 2 is a top sectional view of the prismatic sealed battery in which the safety valve device is arranged. In this structure, a cap-shaped rectangular positive terminal 5 used for forming a safety valve device is welded to an upper portion of a hollow rivet 8 which is fixed by caulking through the insulating gasket 3 at the center of the sealing plate 2. The positive electrode terminal 5 has a cap shape, and a gas exhaust port 5a is formed in a part thereof. A valve chamber 6 is formed so as to be surrounded by the positive electrode terminal 5 and the rivet 8, and an elastic valve in which a position regulating rib 7a is integrally provided in the valve chamber 6 so as to protrude outward on an outer surface of a pair of sides. The body 7 is arranged in a compressed state.
[0019]
The details of the elastic valve body 7 are as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The valve body 7 is rectangular, and thin ribs 7a (shown in FIG. 4) are integrally provided on the outer surfaces of a pair of opposing sides. Have been. The shape of the valve body 7 itself is as shown in FIG. 5, and is obtained by cutting a rod made of ethylene propylene copolymer rubber into a predetermined size.
[0020]
The safety valve device was configured in the state shown in FIG. 2, the initial height H <b> 1 of the valve element 7 was changed, and the degree of compression as the height H <b> 2 in the valve chamber 6 was examined. The degree of compression of the valve body 7 was A16%, B20%, C24%, D12%, and E30%. Using these safety valve devices, small rectangular sealed batteries having a capacity of 600 mAh were prepared, and these batteries were referred to as batteries a, b, c, d, and e, respectively.
[0021]
Each of these batteries is a nickel-metal hydride storage battery having a thickness of 5.6 mm, a width of 16.4 mm, and a height of 48 mm. Five types of batteries a to e were prepared and internally pressurized at 0.0002 kg / cm 2 / sec, and the results of measuring the operating pressure of the safety valve are shown in FIG.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 6, in the range of the batteries a, b, and c according to the present invention, the valve operating pressure required for the rectangular sealed battery could be controlled in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg.
[0023]
In the present embodiment, the degree of compression in the valve chamber is regulated by the height of the elastic valve body. However, the same effect can be obtained by regulating the height of the space in the valve chamber.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the value of the operating pressure of the safety valve of the rectangular sealed battery is controlled to an appropriate range, and the problem of reduced safety such as deformation and rupture of the battery case caused by an increase in the internal pressure is eliminated, and the battery characteristics are improved. Long-term stability can be ensured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an upper cutaway view of a cylindrical sealed battery. FIG. 2 is an upper cutaway view of a prismatic sealed battery of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the safety valve portion. FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the elastic valve body. FIG. 6 is a view showing the relationship between the degree of compression of the elastic valve body and the operating pressure of the safety valve.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery case 2 Sealing plate 3 Insulating gasket 4 Power generation element 5 Cap-shaped positive electrode terminal 5a Gas exhaust port 6 Valve chamber 7 Elastic valve element 7a Rib 8 Hollow rivet

Claims (2)

上部に矩形状の開口部を設けた金属製の角形電池ケースと、この電池ケース内に収納された電極体と、中央部に排気孔を設けた矩形状の蓋板およびこの蓋板上に配置されて前記排気孔を塞ぐ、上面形状が矩形の弾性弁体を内部に備えた矩形の端子キャップとより構成される金属封口板を有し、前記封口板はその周縁が電池ケースの開口部に溶接されるか、または周縁部に取り付けた絶縁ガスケットを介して電池ケースの開口部上端を内方に折り曲げることでかしめ固定された構造を備え、前記矩形の弾性弁体はエチレンプロピレン共重合ゴムからなり、対向する一対の辺の外面には外側に向け張り出た位置規制用リブが一体に設けられて前記端子キャップ内に圧縮度合いを１６〜２４％、弁作動圧を５ｋｇ〜１０ｋｇ／ｃｍ 2 に制御した状態で配置されている密閉角形ニッケル−水素蓄電池。A rectangular metal battery case having a rectangular opening at the top, an electrode body housed in the battery case, a rectangular lid plate having an exhaust hole at the center, and placed on the lid plate And a metal sealing plate having a rectangular terminal cap having a rectangular elastic valve body therein, the peripheral edge of which is provided at the opening of the battery case. The battery case has a structure fixed by caulking by bending the upper end of the opening of the battery case inward through an insulating gasket attached to a peripheral portion thereof or the rectangular elastic valve body is made of ethylene propylene copolymer rubber. Positioning ribs projecting outward are integrally provided on the outer surfaces of the pair of opposing sides so that the terminal cap has a compression degree of 16 to 24% and a valve operating pressure of 5 kg to 10 kg / cm 2. control the state to Hydrogen蓄 battery - sealed prismatic nickel disposed. 前記位置規制用リブは、弁体両側面の中央部から上部の間（ただし中央部と最上部を除く）に位置している請求項１記載の密閉角形ニッケル−水素蓄電池。The sealed rectangular nickel-metal hydride storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the position regulating rib is located between a central portion and an upper portion (excluding the central portion and the uppermost portion) of both side surfaces of the valve body.
JP09548497A 1997-04-14 1997-04-14 Prismatic sealed battery Expired - Fee Related JP3552454B2 (en)

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JPH10289702A JPH10289702A (en) 1998-10-27
JP3552454B2 true JP3552454B2 (en) 2004-08-11

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100528897B1 (en) * 1999-01-22 2005-11-16 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Cap assembly used in secondary battery
JP4559567B2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2010-10-06 パナソニック株式会社 Sealed storage battery
JP6904319B2 (en) * 2018-09-19 2021-07-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Secondary battery
JP7247741B2 (en) * 2019-05-16 2023-03-29 株式会社豊田自動織機 Method for manufacturing pressure regulating valve, and power storage module
CN118380718B (en) * 2024-06-21 2024-08-23 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 Single battery

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