JP3551056B2 - Method for producing naturally degradable molded body - Google Patents

Method for producing naturally degradable molded body Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3551056B2
JP3551056B2 JP683599A JP683599A JP3551056B2 JP 3551056 B2 JP3551056 B2 JP 3551056B2 JP 683599 A JP683599 A JP 683599A JP 683599 A JP683599 A JP 683599A JP 3551056 B2 JP3551056 B2 JP 3551056B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
molding
mold
inner mold
starch
molded body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP683599A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000202844A (en
Inventor
善一 小川
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obayashi Corp
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Obayashi Corp
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Priority to JP683599A priority Critical patent/JP3551056B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生ゴミ廃棄用容器等の自然分解性成形体を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在使用されている使い捨ての容器や包装材、梱包材などの多くは自然分解性のない素材や、焼却・廃棄処分したときに生体に有害な物質を発生する素材から成形されたものである。特に、買い物袋やごみ袋などの容器には、その原料としてポリ塩化ビニルなどのプラスチック類が使われている。ポリ塩化ビニルは焼却処理したときに生体に有害な物質を発生し、酸性雨の原因にもなる。廃棄処理したときには分解が非常に遅く、分解の過程でやはり有害な物質を発生する。環境保護の観点からも生体に有害な物質を発生せず、自然分解される素材による容器や包装材、梱包材などが求められている。
【0003】
また、農業副産物である穀類の藁や、籾殻などは一部は堆肥などとして再利用されるものの、大部分が廃棄処分されている。経済性の観点からもこれらの自然分解性を有する有機性副産物の有効利用が求められている。
【0004】
ところで、これらの有機性副産物を利用した自然分解性を有する容器の製造方法として、特開平7−205120公報に開示されたものがある。その製造方法は、まず、殺菌などの処理を施した切り藁などの植物繊維と、加水、加熱して糊状にした澱粉とを混合し、これを加熱したダイに注入して、加圧成形を行った後、加熱した分解性プラスチックをこの成形物の外側表面に塗布している。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような従来の製造方法で製造される自然分解性成形体にあっては、あらかじめ澱粉と切り藁などの植物繊維とを均一に混合した基本原料を加熱、加圧、成型して本体部分が製造されるので、組織に細かな間隙が多く、液体分が浸透、漏出してしまうため、プラスチックフィルムの塗布が必須である。外側表面に分解性プラスチックフィルムを塗布するためには、それ専用の装置及び適切な温度管理が必要であり、手間がかかる。また、分解性プラスチックフィルムには様々な種類のものがあるが、選択されたものに適切な付着方法を用いなければならず、工程管理は容易でない。
【0006】
また、この分解性プラスチック表面には外観を美化するために印刷処理を施されることがあるが、通常のインクには生体に有害な物質が含まれるため、廃棄処理すると公害となり、この容器を堆肥化すると耕作に悪影響を与える。
【0007】
本発明はかかる従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、確実な防水性を備えることができながら、製造工程が簡潔で、表面に分解性プラスチックなどを特に塗布することもない自然分解性成形体の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記目的を達成するためになされたものであって、澱粉と水とでつくられた澱粉溶液中に成型用内型を浸漬するとともに該内型を加熱し、該成型用内型を引き上げてその表面に付着したゼリー状の膜に植物繊維を付着させ、該植物繊維が付着した成型用内型を成形用外型に挿入し、該成型用内型と外型との間隙を前記澱粉溶液で満たし、前記成型用内型及び外型を前記内型の加熱温度より高い温度で加熱して澱粉溶液から水分を蒸発させることにより固化・成形した後、前記成型用外型から内型を外して成形体を取り外すことを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明によって製造される成形体は、澱粉と植物繊維からなるので自然分解性を有し、また、内外層は植物繊維を含まない澱粉のみかなる緻密な層となっているので、防水性のある成形体を製造することができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の好ましい実施の形態について説明する。図1は本発明の工程を示す流れ図である。
【0011】
まず、澱粉と水を例えば重量比2:1の割合で混合、攪拌し、糊状の澱粉溶液1をつくる。そして、この澱粉溶液1の中に90℃程度に加熱した円錐台状の成型用内型3を浸漬し(図1(a))、一定時間が経過した後に成型用内型3を取り出して、その表面に5〜6mm程度の厚さで含水澱粉からなるゼリー状の膜5を付着させる。この成型用内型3は、目的とする最終製品の形状(板、皿状容器、バケツ状容器、梱包材など)に対応して様々な形状のものを採用することができる。
【0012】
次いで、澱粉溶液1から取り出した成型用内型3の表面に付着した含水澱粉に藁すさ(切断された藁)などの植物繊維7を吹き付け又はまぶして付着させる(図1(b))。この植物繊維7は、稲藁などを5cm程度の長さにあらかじめ切断、または砕粉し、乾燥させたものである。
【0013】
そして、含水澱粉膜5及び植物繊維7が付着した成型用内型3を成型用外型9の中に挿入し、内型3と外型9との間隙に前述の澱粉溶液1と同等かこれと類似した澱粉溶液を注入する(図1(c))。成型用外型9の内側は成型用内型3の外側と相似する形状であり、従って最終的に完成される製品はほぼ一定の厚さを有する形状のものとなるが、成型用外型9の内側形状と成型用内型3の外側形状とを異なせることもできる。
【0014】
次いで、成型用内型3及び成型用外型9を、前記成型用内型3の加熱温度より高い温度(例えば180℃程度)で加熱して、内型3及び外型9との間に存在する澱粉溶液から水分を蒸散させ、含水澱粉を固化・成形する(図1(d))。最後に成型用内型3及び成型用外型9を外し、成形体であるバケツ状の容器11を取り外す。
【0015】
また、同様の工程により、図2に示されるような容器の蓋13を作成すると、この容器11を例えば家庭などにおける生ゴミ用のバケツとして用いることができる。容器11の上部内側には複数のストッパ15が等間隔で形成されるとともに、蓋13の外周縁にはストッパ15に係止される突起17がストッパ15と同数、同間隔で形成されている。ストッパ15は、例えば、鉛直方向の導入部15aと、導入部15aの下端から一方向(例えば時計廻り方向)に向けて水平に延びる係止部15bとからなり、蓋13の突起17を導入部15aから導入し、下端部に至ったら蓋13を時計廻り方向に回転して係止部15bに位置させる。また、蓋13には、これを回転することで開閉するための把手となる指孔13aを形成することが好ましい。
【0016】
この容器11の内層及び外層は澱粉のみを固化した緻密な層であって、水分が漏出することはなく、ゴミが回収されるまでの期間、水分を多く含む生ゴミを保管することができる。さらにこの容器11は自然分解性を有するので、容器11ごと生ゴミを廃棄しても差し支えない。あるいは、容器11ごと生ゴミを堆肥化施設に持ち込み、堆肥化設備に投入することもできる。
【0017】
ゴミの削減、再資源化が求められる現在において、生ゴミの堆肥化はその有効な手段の一つである。従来のように、生ゴミをプラスチックの袋に入れて廃棄した場合は、その袋が堆肥化設備の内の破砕機を故障させてしまうので、人手によりこれらの除去を行っていたのだが、重ね包みや小分け包みが多いため、この作業は容易でなく、100%除去するのは事実上不可能であった。
【0018】
これに対し、この本発明にかかる実施例の生ゴミ容器11によれば、これらの作業にかかる手間やコスト、さらには破砕機の修理費などの削減が可能であり、優良な品質の堆肥を得ることができる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、資源としての有効利用が求められる稲藁などの植物繊維を成形材料として活用して、製造工程が簡潔で、かつ確実な防水性を備えた自然分解性の成形体を得ることができる。本発明による成形体は、食品関係、農業園芸関係、運送関係などの各分野で容器や梱包材として広く利用することができる。また、得られた成形体は自然分解性を有しているので、使用後に埋め立て処理しても、公害とならない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)は本発明にかかる自然分解性成形体の製造方法の第一の工程を示す図、(b)は同第二の工程を示す図、(c)は同第三の工程を示す図、(d)は同第四の工程を示す図である。
【図2】最終製品である成形体を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1 澱粉溶液
3 成型用内型
5 含水澱粉膜
7 植物繊維
9 成型用外型
11 容器
13 蓋(13a 指孔)
15 ストッパ(15a 導入部、15b 係止部)
17 突起
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a naturally degradable molded article such as a container for disposal of garbage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many disposable containers, packaging materials, and packaging materials currently used are formed from materials that do not degrade naturally or materials that generate harmful substances to living organisms when incinerated or disposed of. In particular, plastics such as polyvinyl chloride are used as raw materials for containers such as shopping bags and garbage bags. Polyvinyl chloride generates harmful substances to living organisms when incinerated, and causes acid rain. Decomposition is very slow when disposed of, and still produces harmful substances during the decomposition process. From the viewpoint of environmental protection, containers, packaging materials, packaging materials, and the like made of materials that do not generate harmful substances to living organisms and are naturally decomposed are required.
[0003]
In addition, cereal straw and rice hulls, which are agricultural by-products, are partially reused as compost and the like, but most are discarded. From the viewpoint of economic efficiency, effective utilization of these organic degradable organic by-products is required.
[0004]
By the way, as a method for producing a naturally decomposable container utilizing these organic by-products, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-205120. The manufacturing method is as follows: First, plant fiber such as cut straw that has been subjected to a treatment such as sterilization, and water are mixed with starch that has been heated to form a paste. After that, heated degradable plastic is applied to the outer surface of the molded product.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the naturally decomposable molded body produced by such a conventional production method, a basic raw material in which starch and plant fibers such as straw are uniformly mixed in advance is heated, pressed, molded and molded. Since the part is manufactured, there are many fine gaps in the tissue, and the liquid component penetrates and leaks. Therefore, application of a plastic film is essential. In order to apply the decomposable plastic film to the outer surface, a dedicated device and appropriate temperature control are required, which is troublesome. In addition, there are various types of degradable plastic films, but an appropriate adhesion method must be used for the selected one, and process control is not easy.
[0006]
In addition, this degradable plastic surface may be subjected to a printing process to beautify its appearance, but ordinary ink contains substances that are harmful to living organisms. Composting has a negative effect on cultivation.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and its object is to provide a reliable waterproof property, the manufacturing process is simple, and the surface is not particularly coated with a decomposable plastic or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a naturally degradable molded article.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and comprises immersing an inner mold for molding in a starch solution made of starch and water and heating the inner mold to form the inner mold for molding. The plant fiber is adhered to the jelly-like membrane adhered to the surface by pulling it up, and the inner mold for molding with the plant fiber attached is inserted into the outer mold for molding, and the gap between the inner mold for molding and the outer mold is removed. After filling with the starch solution, the inner mold for molding and the outer mold are heated at a temperature higher than the heating temperature of the inner mold to solidify and mold by evaporating water from the starch solution. It is characterized in that the mold is removed and the molded body is removed.
[0009]
Since the molded article produced by the present invention is composed of starch and plant fiber, it has a natural degradability, and the inner and outer layers are a dense layer consisting of only starch containing no plant fiber, so that it has waterproof property. Certain molded articles can be manufactured.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the steps of the present invention.
[0011]
First, starch and water are mixed and stirred at a weight ratio of, for example, 2: 1 to prepare a pasty starch solution 1. Then, a frusto-conical inner mold 3 heated to about 90 ° C. is immersed in the starch solution 1 (FIG. 1A), and after a certain period of time, the inner mold 3 is taken out. A jelly-like membrane 5 made of hydrated starch is adhered to the surface at a thickness of about 5 to 6 mm. As the inner mold 3 for molding, various shapes can be adopted according to the shape of the desired final product (plate, dish-like container, bucket-like container, packing material, etc.).
[0012]
Next, plant fibers 7 such as straws (cut straw) or the like are sprayed or dusted on the hydrated starch adhered to the surface of the inner mold 3 for molding taken out from the starch solution 1 and adhered thereto (FIG. 1 (b)). The plant fiber 7 is obtained by cutting or crushing rice straw or the like into a length of about 5 cm in advance and drying.
[0013]
Then, the inner mold 3 for molding having the hydrated starch membrane 5 and the plant fiber 7 attached thereto is inserted into the outer mold 9 for molding, and a gap between the inner mold 3 and the outer mold 9 is equal to or equal to the starch solution 1 described above. A starch solution similar to the above is injected (FIG. 1 (c)). The inner side of the outer mold 9 has a shape similar to the outer side of the inner mold 3, so that the final product has a substantially constant thickness. Can be different from the outer shape of the inner mold 3 for molding.
[0014]
Next, the inner mold for molding 3 and the outer mold for molding 9 are heated at a temperature (for example, about 180 ° C.) higher than the heating temperature of the inner mold for molding 3 so as to be present between the inner mold 3 and the outer mold 9. The moisture is evaporated from the resulting starch solution to solidify and form the hydrated starch (FIG. 1 (d)). Finally, the inner mold 3 for molding and the outer mold 9 for molding are removed, and the bucket-shaped container 11 as a molded body is removed.
[0015]
Further, when the lid 13 of the container as shown in FIG. 2 is formed by the same process, the container 11 can be used as a bucket for garbage at home, for example. A plurality of stoppers 15 are formed at equal intervals on the upper inner side of the container 11, and projections 17 to be locked to the stoppers 15 are formed on the outer peripheral edge of the lid 13 at the same number and the same intervals as the stoppers 15. The stopper 15 includes, for example, a vertical introduction portion 15a and a locking portion 15b that extends horizontally from the lower end of the introduction portion 15a in one direction (for example, clockwise). The lid 13 is introduced from 15a, and when it reaches the lower end, the lid 13 is rotated clockwise to be positioned at the locking portion 15b. Further, it is preferable that the cover 13 is formed with a finger hole 13a serving as a handle for opening and closing by rotating the cover.
[0016]
The inner and outer layers of the container 11 are dense layers in which only starch is solidified, do not leak water, and can store raw garbage containing a large amount of water until the garbage is collected. Further, since the container 11 has a natural decomposability, the garbage can be discarded together with the container 11. Alternatively, the garbage can be brought into the composting facility together with the container 11 and put into the composting facility.
[0017]
At present, there is a need to reduce and recycle garbage, and composting of garbage is one of the effective means. As in the past, when raw garbage was put into plastic bags and disposed of, the bags would break down the crusher inside the composting equipment, so these were manually removed. Due to the large number of wrappers and subdivided wrappers, this operation was not easy and it was virtually impossible to remove 100%.
[0018]
On the other hand, according to the garbage container 11 of the embodiment according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost involved in these operations, as well as the repair cost of the crusher, and to reduce the quality of compost. Obtainable.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, a naturally degradable molded body having a simple manufacturing process and reliable waterproofness is obtained by utilizing a plant fiber such as rice straw, which is required to be effectively used as a resource, as a molding material. be able to. The molded article according to the present invention can be widely used as containers and packing materials in various fields such as food-related, agricultural and horticultural-related, and transportation-related. Moreover, since the obtained molded body has a natural degradability, even if it is landfilled after use, it does not cause pollution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a view showing a first step of a method for producing a naturally decomposable molded article according to the present invention, FIG. 1B is a view showing a second step, and FIG. FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating a process, and FIG. 6D is a diagram illustrating the fourth process.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a molded product as a final product.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Starch solution 3 Inner mold for molding 5 Hydrous starch membrane 7 Plant fiber 9 Outer mold for molding 11 Container 13 Lid (13a finger hole)
15 Stopper (15a introduction part, 15b locking part)
17 Projection

Claims (1)

澱粉と水とでつくられた澱粉溶液中に成型用内型を浸漬するとともに該内型を加熱し、該成型用内型を引き上げてその表面に付着したゼリー状の膜に植物繊維を付着させ、該植物繊維が付着した成型用内型を成形用外型に挿入し、該成型用内型と外型との間隙を前記澱粉溶液で満たし、前記成型用内型及び外型を前記内型の加熱温度より高い温度で加熱して澱粉溶液から水分を蒸発させることにより固化・成形した後、前記成型用外型から内型を外して成形体を取り外すことを特徴とする自然分解性成形体の製造方法。The inner mold for molding is immersed in a starch solution made of starch and water, and the inner mold is heated, and the inner mold for mold is pulled up to attach the plant fiber to the jelly-like film attached to the surface thereof. Inserting the inner mold for molding with the plant fiber attached into the outer mold for molding, filling a gap between the inner mold for molding and the outer mold with the starch solution, and sealing the inner mold for molding and the outer mold to the inner mold. After being solidified and molded by heating at a temperature higher than the heating temperature to evaporate water from the starch solution, the inner mold is removed from the outer mold for molding and the molded body is removed, and the naturally decomposable molded body is characterized in that Manufacturing method.
JP683599A 1999-01-13 1999-01-13 Method for producing naturally degradable molded body Expired - Fee Related JP3551056B2 (en)

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JP3551056B2 true JP3551056B2 (en) 2004-08-04

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