JP3550439B2 - Concrete block structure for fixing impermeable sheet - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet. The present invention relates to a concrete block structure for fixing a water sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Water-blocking sheets are widely used in water-blocking structures such as agricultural reservoirs and industrial waste disposal sites. In this type of impermeable structure, residual air is generally present in a small gap between the lower surface of the impermeable sheet and the groundwork (fill, crushed stone, concrete). Sometimes, the water pressure rises along the lower surface of the impermeable sheet and accumulates at the upper edge of the reservoir in the end of the impermeable sheet, causing a large balloon-like air pocket.
[0003]
Therefore, in the conventional water-blocking structure, as a method of exhausting residual air at the time of initial flooding, etc., a perforated PVC pipe can be buried in a drainage layer provided under a water-blocking sheet with a highly permeable material such as crushed stone, With the expectation of the air permeability of the drainage layer, methods such as connecting the exhaust pipe only to the upper end of the drainage layer have been adopted.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, for example, when the drainage layer is crushed stone (hereinafter, the drainage layer is described as being crushed stone, but the same applies to porous granular materials), the porous PVC pipe is buried in the crushed stone. In the method, it is necessary to provide measures to prevent clogging due to fine particles in the crushed stone over the entire line of the perforated PVC pipe. Or osmotic destruction.
[0005]
On the other hand, when only the gas permeability of the exhaust layer is expected without burying a perforated PVC pipe, there are the following problems. That is, the drainage layer plays a role as a base below the impermeable sheet and needs to be sufficiently compacted so as not to sink, so that the permeability of the drainage layer is limited. In particular, when applying a seepage control sheet to a large-scale reservoir, the slope length of the reservoir becomes longer as the water depth increases, so the exhaust path in crushed stone becomes too long even if only the permeability of the exhaust layer is expected. Exhaust may not be performed as expected.
[0006]
Also, in the conventional water-blocking sheet structure, if water leakage occurs due to breakage of the water-blocking sheet, the water leakage simply flows through the drainage layer and is discharged. Rather, there is a need for a water-blocking sheet structure that can guide water leakage into a specific route and smoothly discharge the water.
[0007]
Further, as a current fixing method of the water-blocking sheet, a water-blocking sheet is laid in a concave portion of the concave-shaped block main body, and in this state, a middle-filled block is cast in the concave portion, and the block main body and the middle-filled block are formed. There is a method of sandwiching the water-impervious sheet, but if the water-impervious sheet rises due to the residual air or vibrates due to an earthquake or the like, the filling block may rise upward. Therefore, in this type of fixing structure, there is a strong demand for a structure capable of fixing the waterproof sheet more firmly.
[0008]
In addition, these problems are not limited to agricultural reservoirs and industrial waste disposal sites, but can also occur in, for example, power generation reservoirs and regulating ponds, agricultural regulating ponds, and industrial wastewater ponds. is there.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and even in a large-scale reservoir or the like, reliably and smoothly discharges residual air and water leakage on the lower surface of a seepage control sheet. It is an object of the present invention to provide a concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet which can firmly fix the sheet.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has the following configuration to achieve the above object.
The invention according to claim 1 is a concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet laid on a base such as a reservoir, wherein the block main body has a substantially concave cross-sectional shape and is embedded in the base. And a padding block to be installed in the block body, wherein the water-impervious sheet is entangled and sandwiched between the concave portion and the padding block. An exhaust passage opened on at least one side surface is provided, and the block main body is a concrete block structure for fixing a water-impervious sheet, wherein a plurality of the exhaust passages are connected so as to be connected to each other.
[0011]
Further, in the invention of claim 2, the concave portion of the block main body is formed in a tapered shape in which a facing inner surface of the block main body approaches as it goes upward in a cross-sectional view, while both side surfaces of the centering block are the same. The concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet according to claim 1, wherein the concrete block structure is formed so as to substantially extend along opposing inner surfaces.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 3 is the concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a rounded portion is provided at a corner on the upper surface of the block main body. .
[0013]
[Action]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the side surface of the block body is in contact with the ground such as crushed stone. It enters the exhaust passage through an opening. Since the plurality of block bodies are connected so that the exhaust passages are connected in front and rear, air that has entered the exhaust passages flows through the exhaust passages in the plurality of block bodies along the connection direction. Therefore, for example, by setting the connection direction of the block main body to the direction from the bottom side to the upper edge side of the reservoir or the like, the air in the exhaust passage can be connected to the upper edge of the reservoir or the like via the sturdy block main body. After being guided to the atmosphere, it is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, even when applied to a large-scale reservoir or the like, the residual air can be reliably and smoothly discharged through the inside of the block body.
[0014]
Further, even when water leaks to the ground due to breakage of the impermeable sheet or the like, the water leaks from the ground into the openings on the side surfaces and flows through the exhaust passages in the plurality of block bodies along the connection direction. Become. Therefore, the exhaust passage can also be used as a flow path for water leakage, and smooth discharge of water leakage is also possible.
[0015]
According to the invention of claim 2, the opposed inner surface of the concave portion has the tapered shape, and furthermore, the outer surface of the centered block is made substantially along the opposed inner surface. It is held in the space inside the recess. Therefore, even if a force trying to float on the impermeable sheet acts or the middle-filled block vibrates vertically due to an earthquake or the like, the middle-filled block is reliably prevented from jumping out. Thereby, the impermeable sheet can be firmly fixed.
[0016]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the corner portion on the upper surface of the block main body is provided with a rounded portion, damage to the back surface of the water-impervious sheet or the other back surface of the mat member or the like contacting the corner portion is prevented. Can be prevented.
[0017]
【Example】
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete block structure of the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view of the concrete block structure viewed from the side, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a block body according to the present embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a side view of the main body, showing an exhaust passage structure, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a side view of the block main body, showing a reinforcing bar structure, and FIG. VII-VII sectional view, FIG. 8 is a plan view of a regulating pond showing an example of block arrangement according to the present embodiment, FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a Z portion in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a transverse sectional view of the Z portion, and FIG. It is XI-XI sectional drawing in FIG. 12A and 12B are views showing a modification of the block main body, in which FIG. 12A is a side view, and FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view along XIIb-XIIb in FIG. FIGS. 13A and 13B are views showing another modified example of the block main body, in which FIG. 13A is a side view, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view along XIIIb-XIIIb in FIG.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, this embodiment has a concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet 4 laid on a crushed stone layer (corresponding to a groundwork) 2 such as a reservoir. A block main body 6 having a concave shape and a middle padding block 10 which is driven into a concave portion 8 (see FIG. 3) of the block main body 6 are provided. The sheet member, the mat member, and the like are entangled by being entangled. In the present invention, the reservoir and the like refer to a power generation reservoir / regulation pond, an agricultural reservoir / regulation pond, an industrial wastewater pond, and an industrial waste disposal site.
[0019]
Further, a pair of left and right exhaust passages 12, 12 opened on the front and rear surfaces and one side surface are provided inside the block main body 6, and the block main body 6 is configured such that the exhaust passages 12, 12 are connected in front and rear. Multiple linked.
[0020]
The concave portion 8 of the block body 6 is formed in a tapered shape in which the opposing inner side surfaces 8a, 8a approach in an upward direction in a cross-sectional view, while the inner side block 10a has an inner side surface 10a, 10a. It is formed substantially along the side surfaces 8a, 8a.
[0021]
Further, in the concrete block structure according to the present embodiment, the corner portions 6a and 6b on the upper surface of the block main body 6 are provided with round portions.
[0022]
Hereinafter, the configuration of each unit will be described in detail.
(Structure of seat structure)
As shown in FIG. 1, the sheet structure according to the present embodiment includes a water-impervious sheet 4 whose end is wrapped under the filling block 10, and interposed between the water-impervious sheet 4 and the crushed stone layer 2. Protection mat 14, a cushioning material 16 that covers the boundary between the block body 6 and the crushed stone layer 2 under the protection mat 14, and is disposed between the water-blocking sheet 4 and the protection mat 14 and is opposed to the protection mat 14. It mainly comprises a protective sheet 18 wound up with the water-impervious sheet 4 to the lower ends of the inner side surfaces 8a, 8a. A protection mat 20 is placed on the upper surface of the filling block 10 along the connection direction of the block body 6, and the protection mat 20 is concealed by a cover sheet 24 fixed at both left and right ends by a reinforcing tape 22. Is done.
[0023]
The water shielding sheet 4, the cushioning material 16, the protection sheet 18 and the cover sheet 24 are made of a rubber material having excellent weather resistance, for example, using EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymers) as a main raw material. The protection mats 14 and 20 are procured, for example, from polyester long-fiber nonwoven fabric.
[0024]
(Construction of concrete block structure)
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the block main body 6 has a shape that is long in the front and rear direction, facing the substantially concave cross section, for example, the front and rear length L is 2 (m), and the width W is The height H is 50 (cm) and the height H is 47 (cm). The block main body 6 has the exhaust passages 12 and 12 formed in advance by precasting, and is placed on a mortar 48 and fixed to the ground by the anchor 26 as shown in FIG. The anchor 26 for fixing is constructed, for example, in principle at 1/10 m in the cut section of the embankment body and 3/2 m in the embankment section. 4 and 5 is a through hole through which the anchor 26 is inserted.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 5, the recess 8 has, for example, a depth A of 27 (cm), a bottom width W1 of 30 (cm), and an upper end width W1 of 28 (cm). Thus, the opposed inner side surfaces 8a, 8a are inclined in a tapered shape. Although the dimensions of the recess 8 can be changed as appropriate, the angle θ of the opposed inner side surfaces 8a, 8a with respect to the vertical direction is in the range of 2 ° to 10 °, more preferably in the range of 2 ° to 5 °. Is considered to be suitable.
[0026]
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the exhaust passages 12 are circular holes having an inner diameter D of φ10 (cm), for example, provided on the left and right sides of the thick bottom of the block body 6. The exhaust passages 12, 12 are formed by arranging a pipe material such as a PVC pipe at a predetermined position in the formwork at the time of placing the block body 6 in concrete, and placing concrete in that state. Each exhaust passage 12 includes a vertical passage 12a extending in the vertical direction and opening on both front and rear sides, and a horizontal hole 12b orthogonal to the vertical passage 12a and opening on a nearby side surface. A filter 28 (see FIG. 1) such as a nonwoven fabric for preventing intrusion of fine particles of the crushed stone layer 2 is attached to the opening of the lateral passage 12b. The exhaust passages 12 and 12 may be hollow holes in which the inner peripheral wall is a concrete surface without being formed of a pipe material.
[0027]
Further, the block body 6 includes a reinforcing bar structure 30 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The reinforcing bar structure 30 is formed of, for example, a deformed reinforcing bar having a diameter of 13 (mm) and is arranged so as not to interfere with the exhaust passages 12 and 12.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 5, the corner 6a at the upper end of the inner surface 8a of the block body 6 is formed on an R surface having a radius of about 20 (mm), and the corner 6b at the upper end of the outer surface of the block body 6 is also formed. It is formed on an R surface having a radius of about 10 (mm). The radius of these R surfaces can be appropriately changed depending on the use conditions, the material of the sheet member, and the like.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 2, the block main body 6 configured in this manner is continuous in a longitudinal direction so that the front and rear openings are connected to each other. For example, the block main body 6 linearly extends from the bottom side of the reservoir to the upper edge side. Be placed. To the block body 6 arranged at the uppermost end, a shoulder concrete 32 such as a parapet is connected. Inside the shoulder concrete 32, an exhaust passage 32a communicating with the vertical passage 12a of the block body 6 is provided. Is formed.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 1, the left and right side surfaces 10a, 10a of the centering block 10 have an inflection portion 10b at a substantially central portion in the vertical direction, and are provided on the opposed inner side surfaces 8a, 8a of the block body 6. At the same time, the upper end is narrower than the lower end. Further, a reinforcing bar structure 34 made of deformed reinforcing bars of, for example, φ10 (mm) is also provided inside the filling block 10.
[0031]
(Action / Effect)
The present embodiment having the above configuration has the following operations and effects (1) to (5).
{Circle around (1)} Residual air on the lower surface of the impermeable sheet 4 (actually, on the lower surface of the protection mat 14) enters the horizontal passage 12b of the block body 6 from the crushed stone layer 2 via the filter 28, and further flows into the vertical passage 12a. . Since the vertical passages 12a are connected back and forth between the plurality of block bodies 6, the air that has entered the vertical passages 12a flows in the plurality of block bodies 6 along the connection direction. Then, the air that has risen inside the block body 6 passes through the exhaust passage 32a of the high-concrete concrete 32 and is diffused into the atmosphere from the outlet 32b. Therefore, the residual air can be reliably and smoothly discharged through the block main body 6 even when applied to a large-scale reservoir or the like.
[0032]
{Circle around (2)} The opposing inner side surfaces 8a, 8a of the recess 8 are tapered, and the outer side surfaces 10a, 10a of the centering block 10 are made substantially along the opposing inner side surfaces 8a, 8a. Is in a state of being confined and held in the space in the recess 8. Therefore, even if a force that tries to float on a sheet member such as the impermeable sheet 4 works or the middle block 10 vibrates up and down due to an earthquake or the like, the middle block 10 jumps out or rattles. Is reliably prevented. This makes it possible to firmly fix the impermeable sheet 4 and the like.
[0033]
(3) Since the corners 6a and 6b on the upper surface of the block body 6 are provided with rounded portions (R surfaces), the protective mat 14 which comes into contact with the corners 6a and 6b, the back surface of the cushioning material 16 or a water-blocking sheet. 4 can be prevented.
[0034]
{Circle over (4)} Even if water leaks into the crushed stone layer 2 due to breakage of a sheet member such as the impermeable sheet 4, the water leaks into the exhaust passage 12 via the filter 28, and the exhaust passage in the plurality of block bodies 6. 12 along the connection direction. Therefore, the exhaust passage 12 can also be used as a flow path for water leakage, and smooth discharge of water leakage is also possible.
[0035]
{Circle around (5)} Since the pair of left and right exhaust passages 12 and 12 are provided independently in the block main body 6, when water leaks through the exhaust passage 12 and is discharged, it may be located at either of the left and right positions across the block main body 6. It is also possible to easily specify whether there is a broken part. As a result, economy and workability are improved when replacing or repairing the water impermeable sheet 4 or the like. In this case, an inspection corridor 38 as shown in an arrangement example (see FIGS. 8 and 9) described later is provided on the periphery of the bottom of the reservoir or the like, so that it is possible to confirm in which route the water leaked. It is desirable.
[0036]
(Example of block structure arrangement)
Here, FIGS. 8 to 11 show an example of a regulating pond to which the present invention is applied. This regulating pond is an upper regulating pond for seawater pumped storage power generation, and has a sloped bottom 36 (which becomes lower in the direction indicated by arrow K in FIG. 8) and an audit corridor 38 (see FIG. 8 has a two-dot chain line) and an upper inclined part 44 connected to the lower inclined part 40 via a small step part 42.
[0037]
At the bottom portion 36, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 8, the block structure according to the present invention is arranged in a substantially grid pattern so that residual air passes through the exhaust passage in the connected block body to the inspection corridor 38. It is being led.
[0038]
In the lower sloping section 40, the upper sloping section 44, and the small sloping section 42, block structures are arranged along the slope in a substantially linear manner from the sloping concrete 32 installed at the upper edge of the regulating pond toward the inspection gallery 38. . At the same time, the block structures are also arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the inside of the small step portion 42 and the sloping concrete 32 (broken line portion indicated by reference numeral 50 in FIG. 8: hereinafter referred to as a top end). The intersections of the array lines (the intersections of the broken lines in FIG. 8) are appropriately processed by concrete casting in place in such a manner that the exhaust passages of the block bodies communicate with each other in a predetermined state.
[0039]
Thus, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the inspection corridor 38 communicates with the exhaust passage 12 from each of the bottom 36 and the lower slope 40. 9 and 10, a is an inner line of the inspection gallery 38, b is an outer line of the inspection gallery 38, c is a line at the lower end of the lower inclined portion 40, and lines d and e are provided on the upper surface of the inspection gallery 38. Only the filling block 10 is constructed at the position shown in FIG. 1 and the sheet members such as the impermeable sheet 4 are fixed.
[0040]
In addition, around the intake 52 provided at the lowest position of the bottom 36 (see FIG. 8), and the slope inspection gallery 54 (see FIG. 8) connected to the inspection gallery 38 near the intake 52, the center is also packed. Only block 10 is constructed.
[0041]
(Modified example of block body)
The shape of the block body used in the arrangement example is usually the same as that of the block body 6. However, the block main body arranged in the circumferential direction at the small step portion 42 and the top end 50 may be as shown in FIGS. That is, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the block main body 6A arranged in the circumferential direction at the small step portion 42 has a pair of left and right vertical passages 46a, 46a, It has a single horizontal passage 46b which is open to each and communicates with the vertical passages 46a, 46a. In this case, the anchor through-hole 6c is shifted from the lateral passage 46b to one side in the front-rear direction.
[0042]
As shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the exhaust passage structure of the block main body 6 </ b> B arranged in the circumferential direction at the top end 50 is different from the basic configuration of the ordinary block main body 6 in that the exhaust passage 12 is formed as follows. It is provided only on one of the left and right sides. The block main bodies 6B are arranged in the circumferential direction with their lateral passages 12b facing the bottom of the regulating pond. The rebar structure of the block main bodies 6A and 6B, and the dimensions and shapes of the respective parts are substantially the same as those of the block main body 6, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.
[0043]
The present embodiment and the modified examples described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, the dimensions of each part of the block structure in the present embodiment are based on an example of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in a concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet, even in a large-scale reservoir or the like, it is possible to reliably and smoothly discharge residual air and water leakage on the underside of a seepage control sheet. Can be. In addition, the impermeable sheet can be firmly fixed. Further, it is possible to prevent damage to the impermeable sheet and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete block structure according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the concrete block structure of the present embodiment as viewed from the side.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a block body according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the block body according to the embodiment, showing an exhaust passage structure.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the block body according to the present embodiment, showing a reinforcing bar structure.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a regulating pond showing an example of a block arrangement according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a Z portion in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a Z part in FIG. 8;
11 is a sectional view taken along the line XI-XI in FIG.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are views showing a modification of the block body, wherein FIG. 12A is a side view, and FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIIb-XIIb in FIG.
FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing another modified example of the block main body, where FIG. 13A is a side view, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIIIb-XIIIb in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Crushed stone layer (equivalent to groundwork)
4 Water Impermeable Sheet 6, 6A, 6B Block Body 6a, 6b Corner 8 on Top of Block Body 8 Recess 8a Opposed Inner Side 10 Filled Block 10a Filled Block Side 12 Exhaust Passage 12a Vertical Passage 12b Lateral Passage 46 Exhaust Passage 46a Vertical passage 46b Horizontal passage

Claims (3)

A concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet laid on a base such as a reservoir, comprising: a block main body having a substantially concave cross section embedded in the base; Comprising a block, wherein the impermeable sheet is caught and sandwiched between the recess and the filling block,
Inside the block main body, exhaust passages that are open at respective front and rear surfaces and at least one side surface are provided, and a plurality of the block main bodies are connected so that the exhaust passages extend forward and backward. Concrete block structure for fixing impermeable sheets. The concave portion of the block main body is formed in a tapered shape in which the opposing inner surface in a cross-sectional view approaches as it goes upward, while the filling block has both side surfaces substantially along the opposing inner surface. The concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet according to claim 1, wherein the concrete block structure is formed. The concrete block structure for fixing a seepage control sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a rounded portion is provided at a corner on the upper surface of the block main body.

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